Contribution of Engineers in the Contribution of Engineers in the Development of BangladeshDevelopment of Bangladesh

During Last 65 Years During Last 65 Years

PresentationPresentation

byby

Professor Jamilur Reza ChoudhuryProfessor Jamilur Reza ChoudhuryVice Chancellor, University of Asia PacificVice Chancellor, University of Asia Pacific

Former President, Institution of Engineers BangladeshFormer President, Institution of Engineers Bangladesh

Seminar at IEB, Dhaka Seminar at IEB, Dhaka

10 May, 201310 May, 2013

Why 65 years ?Why 65 years ?

Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB) is Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB) is

celebrating 68celebrating 68thth Anniversary of its founding on Anniversary of its founding on

77thth May May

Founded by a group of engineers on 7Founded by a group of engineers on 7 thth May, 1948 as May, 1948 as

Institute of Engineers PakistanInstitute of Engineers Pakistan

The only National institution in Pakistan to have its The only National institution in Pakistan to have its

Headquarters in East PakistanHeadquarters in East Pakistan

Renamed Renamed Institution of Engineers Bangladesh Institution of Engineers Bangladesh in in

December, 1971December, 1971

Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation EducationEducation

Physical Infrastructure Development Physical Infrastructure Development

AgricultureAgriculture

Water ResourcesWater Resources Housing and BuildingHousing and Building

IndustrializationIndustrialization

Ship-buildingShip-building

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

Engineering EducationEngineering Education 1948 : around 100 graduate engineers, mostly from 1948 : around 100 graduate engineers, mostly from

Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur, Calcutta; not a Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur, Calcutta; not a

single engineer with PhDsingle engineer with PhD

1948 : only one Engineering College at Dhaka with 1948 : only one Engineering College at Dhaka with

around 180 students pursuing four year BSc Engg around 180 students pursuing four year BSc Engg

degree programmesdegree programmes

1962 : one Engineering University with about 950 1962 : one Engineering University with about 950

students students

2013 : The number of Engineers is around 40,000; 2013 : The number of Engineers is around 40,000;

around 170 degree programmes (Bachelors, Masters and around 170 degree programmes (Bachelors, Masters and

PhD) in 35 Universities PhD) in 35 Universities

Physical Infrastructure?Physical Infrastructure?The physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions

Some examples :Public utilities — power, telecommunications, water supply, sanitation and sewerage, solid waste collection and disposal, and piped gas

Public works — roads, bridges, embankments, dams and canal works for irrigation and drainage

Other transport sectors — urban and interurban railways, urban transport, ports and waterways, and airports.

Road NetworkRoad Network

• In 1948 only 600 In 1948 only 600 km of narrow paved km of narrow paved roads existedroads existed

• Now it has grown Now it has grown to 271,000 kmto 271,000 km

Rail NetworkRail Network

Route length 2,800 kmProblem with two different gauges - metre and broad

Physical InfrastructurePhysical Infrastructure Bridging the major riversBridging the major rivers

The situation in 1971 The situation in 1971

• Dependence on ferriesDependence on ferries

Bangabandhu Bridge over JamunaBangabandhu Bridge over Jamuna

A major achievementA major achievement

• 1212thth longest in the world when completed in 1998; now 42 longest in the world when completed in 1998; now 42ndnd

Almost all major rivers have been bridged overcoming challenges of river training and Almost all major rivers have been bridged overcoming challenges of river training and

unstable river beds, mostly soft soils unstable river beds, mostly soft soils

Bangabondhu (Jamuna) Bridge

Bridge SubstructureBridge Substructure

Cast in-situConcrete Pier

Stem

Precast Concreteinsitu filled Pile Cap

Tubular StructuralSteel Piles in-situ

concrete filled 2.5 -3.15 m dia

Max WaterLevel

Min WaterLevel

Max Bed Level

Min Bed Level

Pile Toe Level

2 Pile Pier 3 Pile Pier

+ 16 m

+ 6 m

+/- 0 m

- 30 m

- 72 m

PileLength

83 m

Courtesy of MC

Kuril FlyoverKuril Flyover

Zillur Rahman FlyoverZillur Rahman Flyover

BuildingsBuildings

1948 : Very few multistoried buildings; mostly brick 1948 : Very few multistoried buildings; mostly brick

masonry with lime-surki mortarmasonry with lime-surki mortar

Tallest : 5-storied in Sadarghat, Dhaka; the only Tallest : 5-storied in Sadarghat, Dhaka; the only

building with a liftbuilding with a lift

Now a few hundred tall buildings (9 or more stories Now a few hundred tall buildings (9 or more stories

in height) – almost all designed and constructed by in height) – almost all designed and constructed by

Bangladeshi architects and engineersBangladeshi architects and engineers

National Building Code prepared in 1993National Building Code prepared in 1993

Tallest Tallest BuildingBuilding

37-storied 37-storied City CentreCity Centre

CC

Water Supply and Water Supply and SanitationSanitation

1948 : Only a few towns had piped water supply 1948 : Only a few towns had piped water supply

system covering small areas; e.g. Old Dhaka with a system covering small areas; e.g. Old Dhaka with a

small water treatment plantsmall water treatment plant

Most people in urban areas dependent on dug well , Most people in urban areas dependent on dug well ,

tube well or pondstube well or ponds

Almost all rural areas : pondsAlmost all rural areas : ponds

Water Supply and SanitationWater Supply and Sanitation

Access to safe drinking water Access to safe drinking water

About 86% of urban population; 22% piped supply About 86% of urban population; 22% piped supply

on premiseson premises

About 83% of rural population About 83% of rural population

Improved SanitationImproved Sanitation

60 % of urban and 55% of rural60 % of urban and 55% of rural

Open defecation has almost disappearedOpen defecation has almost disappeared

Electricity Scenario : 1948Electricity Scenario : 1948Private companies supplying power to Private companies supplying power to

• then 17 provincial district headquarters;then 17 provincial district headquarters;

• mostly during nights onlymostly during nights only

• generation voltage 400 voltsgeneration voltage 400 volts

Only in Dhaka City, 2 xOnly in Dhaka City, 2 x 1500 kW generators ; generation 1500 kW generators ; generation

voltage 6,600 voltsvoltage 6,600 volts

no long distance transmission lines. no long distance transmission lines.

some industries (tea, sugar and textiles) and railway some industries (tea, sugar and textiles) and railway

workshops. workshops.

total generation capacity of the country was total generation capacity of the country was 21 MW 21 MW

Electricity : GrowthElectricity : Growth

1962 : Kaptai Dam : 40 MW; first major project 1962 : Kaptai Dam : 40 MW; first major project

1 971 : 180 MW1 971 : 180 MW

National grid developed with East West National grid developed with East West

InterconnectorInterconnector

2013 : Generation capacity increased to 8,100 MW 2013 : Generation capacity increased to 8,100 MW

Highest generation : 6,350 MWHighest generation : 6,350 MW

about 50% of population getting electricity supply about 50% of population getting electricity supply

from gridfrom grid

East West Electric InterconnectorEast West Electric InterconnectorJamuna River CrossingJamuna River Crossing

TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

Fixed telephones : around 1 millionFixed telephones : around 1 million

Mobile cellular telephones : from a few thousand to Mobile cellular telephones : from a few thousand to

100 million in 12 years100 million in 12 years

CAGR initially more than 100%, one of the fastest in CAGR initially more than 100%, one of the fastest in

the worldthe world

Internet users : 30 million; mostly using mobile Internet users : 30 million; mostly using mobile

devicesdevices

Information TechnologyInformation Technology

First digital computer in 1964 (AEC, Dhaka)First digital computer in 1964 (AEC, Dhaka)

1997 : IT identified as a sector having high potential for 1997 : IT identified as a sector having high potential for

growthgrowth

IT policies and action plans formulatedIT policies and action plans formulated

800 software companies with c. 30,000 professionals800 software companies with c. 30,000 professionals

2010 : Gartner, one of the most respected global 2010 : Gartner, one of the most respected global

consulting groups, has included Bangladesh in a list of consulting groups, has included Bangladesh in a list of

top 30 outsourcing destinations of the worldtop 30 outsourcing destinations of the world

Irrigation ProjectsIrrigation Projects in 65 years, population has increased from 40 million to 160 in 65 years, population has increased from 40 million to 160

millionmillion

Bangladesh has almost gained self sufficiency in food grain Bangladesh has almost gained self sufficiency in food grain

productionproduction

Near self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled since 1971Near self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled since 1971

around 16 million acres under irrigationaround 16 million acres under irrigation

credit goes to BADC and BWDB e.g. tubewell projectscredit goes to BADC and BWDB e.g. tubewell projects

Ganges Kobadak Project (1955-62)Ganges Kobadak Project (1955-62)

Teesta BarrageTeesta Barrage

Teesta BarrageTeesta Barrage1979-19931979-1993

Fertilizer ProductionFertilizer Production

1958 : NGFF, Fenchuganj 1958 : NGFF, Fenchuganj

6 more built between 1970-19946 more built between 1970-1994

another (Shahjalal) nearing completion (2014)another (Shahjalal) nearing completion (2014)

Natural Hazards Affecting BangladeshNatural Hazards Affecting Bangladesh

Floods Floods • River Water OverflowRiver Water Overflow

• Rain water stagnationRain water stagnation

Earthquakes Earthquakes

TornadoesTornadoes

LandslidesLandslides

Cyclones and Storm SurgeCyclones and Storm Surge

TsunamiTsunami

River Bank Erosion River Bank Erosion

Surface Water ModelingSurface Water Modeling

Inst of Water Modeling has developed excellent Inst of Water Modeling has developed excellent

capabilities for SWM and is capabilities for SWM and is

• rendering services to other countriesrendering services to other countries

• transferring technology to other countriestransferring technology to other countries

Flood Forecasting and Warning CentreFlood Forecasting and Warning Centre

• much better capabilitiesmuch better capabilities

• daily forecasts; up to 72 hours for water level in daily forecasts; up to 72 hours for water level in

major riversmajor rivers

Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter PlanMultipurpose Cyclone Shelter Plan

Cyclones (Hurricanes/Typhoons)Cyclones (Hurricanes/Typhoons)• wind speed up to 250 km/hrwind speed up to 250 km/hr

Storm surgesStorm surges• Up to 7.5 meters heightUp to 7.5 meters height• Moving up to 50 km inlandMoving up to 50 km inland

Shipbuilding IndustryShipbuilding Industry During the last 10 years a number of shipyards in During the last 10 years a number of shipyards in

Bangladesh have established reputation for design Bangladesh have established reputation for design

and fabrication of medium sized shipsand fabrication of medium sized ships

Exported to Europe (Germany and Denmark) and Exported to Europe (Germany and Denmark) and

Pakistan; meeting most difficult quality specificationsPakistan; meeting most difficult quality specifications

Progressively increasing capacity up to 20,000 DWTProgressively increasing capacity up to 20,000 DWT

Economic GrowthEconomic Growth

1948 : per capita income around US$801948 : per capita income around US$80

2013 : per capita income around US$ 8602013 : per capita income around US$ 860

(US$2,050 PPP)(US$2,050 PPP)

Engineers have made a significant contribution Engineers have made a significant contribution

in ensuring economic growth and in ensuring economic growth and

poverty alleviationpoverty alleviation

FutureFuture

Engineers will have to play a major role in Engineers will have to play a major role in ensuring that the predictions come trueensuring that the predictions come true

Thank youThank you