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Contractile vacuole action. Amoeboid movement. See it!. Chapter 31 ~ Fungi. Humongous Fungus Honey Mushroom Blankets Forest, Kills Trees. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• Contractile vacuole action
• Amoeboid movement
• See it!
• Chapter 31 ~ Fungi
It is as large as 1,665 football fields combined. It is 3.4 square miles in size and covers 2,200 acres of land in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon.
Humongous Fungus Honey Mushroom Blankets Forest, Kills Trees
FungiFungi
• Heterotrophic by absorption (exoenzymes)
• Decomposers (saprobes), parasites, mutualistic symbionts (lichens)
• Hyphae: body filaments •septate (cross walls) •coenocytic (no cross walls)
• Mycelium: network of hyphae• Chitin cell walls (polysaccharide)
Nuclei
Septate hypha
Septum
Pore
Cell wallCell wall
Nuclei
Coenocytic hypha
LE 31-2LE 31-2
Reproductive structure
Hyphae
Spore-producingstructures
Mycelium
20 µm
Fungus Life CycleFungus Life Cycle
Bread Mold Life cycle
Most have 3 distinct phases:
1. Haploid (n)
2. Heterokaryotic (n + n) (think of Sordaria)
3. Diploid (2n)
Asexual phases: (n spores, n clones)
Sexual Phases: (n spores, w/ genetic variety)
Plasmogamy (cytoplamic fusion)Dikaryotic (n + n)Karyogamy (nuclei fusion)Diploid (2n)Meiosis (spores n)
Haploid (n)
Key
Heterokaryotic(n + n))
Diploid (2n)
PLASMOGAMY(fusion of cytoplasm)
Heterokaryoticstage
KARYOGAMY(fusion of nuclei)
Mycelium
SEXUALREPRODUCTION
Zygote
Spores
GERMINATIONMEIOSIS
Spore-producingstructures
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION
Spores
GERMINATION
Spore-producingstructures
Fungi Diversity, IFungi Diversity, I
• Phy: Chytridiomycota •aquatic fungi; chytrids •lineage closest to protists (flagella)
• Phy: Zygomycota •Rhizopus (food mold) •mycorrhizae: mutualistic with plant roots •zygosporangia: resistant structure (freezing and drying)
Fungi Diversity, IIFungi Diversity, II
• Phy.: Ascomycota •sac fungi • yeasts, truffles, morels,
Sordaria •asci: sexual spores •conidia: asexual spores
• Phy.: Basidiomycota • club fungus •mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus, rusts •basidiocarps: produce sexual spores
Specialized Lifestyles, ISpecialized Lifestyles, I
• Molds •only the asexual stage
(asexual spores) •Penicillium (antibiotic,
cheese)
• Yeasts •unicellular, asexual budding •Saccharomyces (bread,
alcohol)
Specialized Lifestyles, IISpecialized Lifestyles, II
• Lichens • symbiotic association held in a hyphae mesh •alga provides food, fungus provides physical environment •pioneer organisms •air pollution detection
• Mycorrhizae •root and fungi mutualism •found in 95% of vascular plants •exchange of organic minerals •increases absorptive surface of roots