CENTRE TECNOLÒGIC DE LES TECNOLOGIES DE LA PRODUCCIÓ

T-POT

18/06/2009

Ecodesign

Contents & Objectives

• Environment y environmental problems • Ecodesign

• Concept and benefits• Methodology• Tools• Norma UNE 150.301:2003

• Case studies

• Acquire knowledge on ecodesign as a tool to improve companies environmentalbehavior, reducing the environmental impacts generated by its products, processesor services.•Identify the industrie opportunities. •Knowing the existing eco-design methodologies and put them into practice•Understand the importance of ecodesign on Sustainable Development

ENVIRONMENT

Environment is all the reality that surrounds us and which are part - Physical (climate, geological factors, territory ...) - Biological (ecosystems, animals and plants ...), - Socioeconomic and cultural

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

The most important are:

• Air pollution: - Global Warming - Acid rain - Weakening Ozone Layer

• Water Pollution • Energetic Consumption • Waste generation • Soil Pollution

AIR POLLUTION

Fresh air is a mixture of gases containing tiny particles. Composition:

78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% carbon dioxide, argon and other gases

Air pollution adds certain gases in the atmosphere.

The air pollution in cities and industrial areas contains higher than normal concentrations of gases that are normally not present in the atmosphere and is mainly due to human activities.

Origin:industry, power generation transport.

AIR POLLUTION

Global Warming

Global WarmingIncreasing the average temperature on Earth over the past 100 years. Caused by natural variations of terrestrial climate that have taken place in the history of the Earth.

Climate changeRefers to change of climate attributed directly or indirectly from human activity that alters the composition of the Global AtmosphereEspecially due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases that can cause a greenhouse effect.

AIR POLLUTION

Global Warming

The greenhouse effect is the heating of the surface due to the presence ofan atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases are: water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane

AIR POLLUTION

Acid Rain

Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic.

• Wet deposition (rain, snow, sleet, fog and cloudwater, dew) • Dry (acidifying particles and gases)

It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogencompounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids.

AIR POLLUTION

Ozone layer Depletion

The main potential consequences are:

• increase in UV-B radiation at ground level• disturbance of the thermal structure of the atmosphere, probably resulting in changes in atmospheric circulation; • reduction of the ozone greenhouse effect• changes in the tropospheric ozone and in the oxidising capacity of the troposphere.

The ozone layer is essential to life on earth , as it absorbs harmful ultraviolet-B radiation from the sun

Located between 10 and 50 km above the Earth's surface

.

WATER POLLUTION

Contamination of water: lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwaterCaused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants. It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly into water without previous treatment.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

WASTE GENERATION

Unwanted or undesired material or substance.

Typical materials that are found in household waste: biodegradable wastes, batteries, aerosols, oils, acids and fluorescent tubeshave specific environmental impacts,.

Littering: visible form of solid waste pollution. disposing of waste inappropriately, typically in public places. Marine debris or marine litter: human-created waste that has been deliberately dumped, or accidentally become afloat.Illegal dumping or flytipping: unregulated disposal of materials on private or public landLeaching: contaminants from solid waste enter the soil or ground water systems, contaminating them.

Innovation activities in order to support a significant improvement of the environmental protection.

Ecoinnovation includes:

� new production processes, new products or services � new methods management and business

to avoid or reduce the risk of environmental pollution and othernegative impacts of the use of resources throughout the life cycle activities

ECOINNOVATION

ECODESINGConcept and benefits

Eco-design is the set of actions aimed at environmental improvement of products at an early

stage of design.

� Improving the role and concept of the product

� Selection of materials with lower impact,

� Alternative processes

� Improvement of transport and logistics

� Improvement in the use of products

� reducing the environmental impacts of packaging

� Minimizing the impact on the final stage of treatment

ISO/TR 14062 “Environmental management – Integration of environmental aspects on products’ design and development" UNE 150301 "Environmental Management of the design and development - Ecodesign“

Actions involved:

� Design of products taking into account the entire life cycle (raw materials, production, distribution, use, end of life).

� Incorporation of environmental criteria during the design of a product and the stages of production, distribution, use, recycling and final treatment, such as:

Saving energy and water resources in general. Using materials and energy. Use of less polluting raw materials. Incorporation of recycled and recyclable materials. Separation and identification of components of simple materials.

� Reduction of environmental load (waste and emissions) associated with the lifecycle of a product.

ECODESINGConcept and benefits

• Reduction of manufacturing and distribution costs. • Compliance with applicable environmental regulations and anticipation at future

changes • Improvement of the quality product (durability, functionality, recyclability ...) • Brand image and product • Increased added value of products with a lower environmental impact throughout

its life cycle and better quality.

• Possibility to access green markets or environmental-friendly procurement

• Accessibility to eco-labeling systems • Innovation within the company (new solutions, creating new market opportunities)

ECODESINGConcept and benefits

1. Team Creation 2. Preparations of an Ecodesign project3. Environmental Analysis4. Tools Selection5. Actions for improvement 6. Developing concepts7. Action plan8. Monitoring and evaluation

Communication of the environmental product

ECODESINGMethodology & Tools

Basic characteristics:

� Small

� Well organised� Decision-making capacity

� Multidisciplinary

1. Team

� Designer: Generate ideas, evaluate proposals and translate them into concrete actions.

� Product Engineer / Production department: analysis of the feasibility of technological changes proposed design.� Environmental Analysis Expert: Participation in defining the scope and objectives of the process and proposals for improvement.

� Marketing Expert: participated in defining the scope and objectives of the process. Preparations for the introduction of product Ecodesign.

� Department Responsible: Quality, environment, purchasing…

� Design Manager: Set scope and objectives of the process. Participate in the final selection of actions to implement improvements in the new product.

Coordinate and ensure the participation of other actors

1. Team

� Selections of the product to be Ecodesigned� Product with sufficient degrees of freedom to allow modification� greatly affected by the motivating factors of Ecodesign

� Investigation of the motivating factors to perform Ecodesign

� External� Legislation and regulation� Market

� Competitors� Social environment� Sectorial Organizations� Suppliers

2. Preparation

� Internal�Increase product quality

� improvement of the product and company image

� Reduction of cost�Innovative power� Sense of environmental responsibility� Motivations of employees

Legislation and regulation

� Directive 75/439/CEE waste oil management.� Directive 94/62/CE packaging and waste packaging.� Directive 2000/53/CE end of life vehicle� Directive 2002/91/CE de 16-12-2002, energy efficiency on buildings.� Directive 2002/95/CE, restrictions on using hazard substances in electric and electronical equipment� Directive 2002/96/CE WEE: European directive on waste electric and electronicalequipment� Directive 2005/32/CEEuP Energy Using Products� 1907/2006 REACH Registration, evaluation and authorization of chemical substances

Market

Ecolabeling

3. Environmental Analysis

� Set the limits of the productGeneral perspective of the environmental aspects

Environmental aspect: element of the activities, products or services of an organisation which can interact with the environment

F.ex: consumption of watergeneration of hazard wasteatmospheric emissions: CO2

Environmental impact: any change in the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, resulting wholly or partly from the activities, products or services of an organisation

F.ex: Reduction of natural resourcespollutiongreenhouse effect, acid rain, reductions of the ozone layer

3. Environmental Analysis

� Checklist List of questions regarding the entire product life cycle in order to identify their strengths and weakness.

� Matrix MET: materials used, energy consumed and pollution generated

� Analysis MIPS: biotic raw materials (renewable) abiotic raw materials (non-renewable) soil movements in agriculture and forestry, water and air.

� Cumulative energy demand: quantification of the energy consumed directly or indirectly.

� Graphs representing the various environmental issues related to the product lifecycle in different axes departing from a single central point.

� Eco Indicator: quantitative tool. Eco-Indicator’99

� Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

4. Tools

The Life Cycle Analysis is a tool to analyze the environmental aspects of a product,

process or activity throughout its life cycle, from raw materials through its production

and final life, until his death as a waste, including transport and other related

information.

It is a technique to evaluate the environmental impact associated with a product,

identifying and quantifying both use of resources, energy and emissions, to determine

the impact of this use of resources and emissions and to assess and strategies for

environmental improvement.

LCA

LCA

PHASE IPHASE I--SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES Defining the system and its limits.

PHASEPHASE--II ANALYSIS INVENTORY II ANALYSIS INVENTORY

Quantification of: inputs (energy consumption, raw materials ...) outputs (emissions, waste, waste water ...) system associated with the relevant product.

To facilitate the analysis, it can be divided in interconnected subsystems

Objectives & Scope

Analysis inventory

Impact evaluation

Interpretation

PHASE IIIPHASE III-- IMPACTS EVALUATION IMPACTS EVALUATION

Assessment of the potential impacts of the inputs and

outputs identified in the inventory Objectives & Scope

AnalysisInventory

Impact evaluation

Interpretation

4 phases:� Classification� Characterization� Normalization� Weighting

LCA

PHASE IVPHASE IV-- INTERPRETATIONINTERPRETATION

Evaluation of final results of the analysis of the inventory and evaluation of impacts in

accordance with the objectives and scope of the study to draw conclusions and / or

recommendations

LCA applications

Possible applications of LCA:

- Design of new products and services - Analyze the sources of impacts on a product - To compare variations in product improvement - Comparative studies between similar products- Information for implementing environmental management systems - Preparation to meet the criteria for the eco-labels - Information on the environmental performance of a product or service.

5. Actions for improvement

• Generate ideas for improvement of the product

� Brainstorming: � State all ideas� No criticism allowed� Say the first thing that comes into your head� Quantity and not quality� Combinations

� Table of 8 strategies

Select low impact materialsRaw material

Optimise the function Development of new conceptsNew products

Optimise the end of life system

Optimise the life cycleEnd of Life

Reduce the environmental impact in the utilisation phaseUse

Select environmentally efficient distributionTransport

Select environmentally efficient production techniquesProduction

Reduce use of materials

5. Actions for improvement

• Prioritise ideas for improvement of the product

� Prioritisation matrix� Technical feasibility� Financial viability� Benefits for the environment� Motivating Factors

Prioritisation:� short term� medium term� long term

6. Developing concepts

Development of a technical environmental specification and generation of conceptual alternatives of the product

7. Action Plan

Establish medium and long term actions plan for all measures of environmental improvement of the product

� PRODUCT Action plan: implementation of the measuresMedium and long term

� COMPANY Action plan: involve product development department.Possibility to obtain other benefits

Anchoring Ecodesign in standard ISO 14004, ISO 9001

7. Action Plan

8. Monitoring and evaluation

Evaluation of the results in order to:� draw conclusion and � learn to transmit the environmental results (externally & internally)

�Evaluate the improvement of the main environmental aspects� comparing those of the new product with the initial one� checking the fulfilment of the environmental requirements set out

�Analyse how environmental improvements affect the fulfilment of the Motivating factors

�Combine environmental improvements and the fulfilment of the motivating factors and express this to the stakeholders interested

Environmental Management of the process of design and development. Eco-design

� Establishes the requirements of an Environmental Management System of the process of design and development of the products and/or services of an organization. � The main benefits are:

– obtaining an environmental certification,

– having environmental information about their product/service – improving the company image and – reducing costs.

ECODESINGUNE 150.301:2003

ECODESINGUNE 150.301:2003

T-POT

18/06/2009

CASE STUDY

Ecodesign

1. Team Creation 2. Preparations of an Ecodesign project3. Environmental Analysis4. Tools Selection5. Actions for improvement 6. Developing concepts7. Action plan8. Monitoring and evaluation

Communication of the environmental product

CASE STUDY ECODESING

1. Team

External motivating factorsLegislation and regulation

Market

Competitors

Social environment

Sectorial Organizations

Suppliers

2. Preparation

Internal motivating factorsIncrease product quality

Improvement of the product and company image

Reduction of cost

Innovative power

Sense of environmental responsibility

Employees

2. Preparation

3. Environmental

AnalysisMET Matrix

End of life

Use

Distribution

Production proces

Raw material

Toxic EMISSIONSUse of ENERGYUse of

MATERIALS

5. Actions for improvement

Select low impact materialsRaw

material

Optimise the function Development of new concepts

New

products

Optimise the end of life system

Optimise the life cicleEnd of Life

Reduce the environmental impact in the utilisation phase

Use

Select environmentally efficient distribution

Transport

Select environmentally efficient production technics

Production

Reduce use of materials

CommentsMeasuresStrategies for improvement

Table 8 Strategies for Ecodesign

6. Developing concepts

Development of a technical environmental specification and generation of conceptual alternatives of the product

7. Action Plan

8. Monitoring and evaluation

Sources and Links

· Brezet, H. y van Hemel, C. 1997. Ecodesign, A promising approach to sustainable production andconsumption. UNEP.· eLCA2. Website and Databases for the implementation of IPP by SMEs. DG Information Society, EuropeCommission. Num. 11.041 Y2C2DM AL1.· Lewis, H.; Gertsakis, J. 2001. Design + environment. A global guide to designing greener goods. GreenleafPublishing.· Tischner, U. et al. 2000. How to do ecodesign? Editat per German Federal Environmental Agency.· Kazazian, T. 2003. Design et développement durable. Il y aura l'âge des choses légères. Victoires Ed.· Casos pràctics d'ecodisseny . Disseny per al reciclatge. Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de MediAmbient, Junta de Residus, Centre Català del Reciclatge. Barcelona 2001.Practical manual of Ecodesign Ihobe

CENTRE TECNOLÒGIC DE LES TECNOLOGIES DE LA PRODUCCIÓ

Thank you!mescamilla@leitat.org

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