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Constructive and Destructive
Forces
Warm Up:Why should we worry about
Yellowstone? Justify your Answer.
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Constructive
and Destructive Forces Notes
HW: 1) None
What's the earth made of?
Pangaea is
Pangea - Super Continent –
What is causing the super continent to break apart?
What's the earth made of?
Plate tectonics are
plate tectonics
What is causing the continent to break apart?
Where is the force coming from?
Is this force constructive or destructive or both?
What's the earth made of?
Layers of the earth
layers of the earth rap ( unofficial music video) – YouTube
Layers of the Earth Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust
Hot Spots Hotspots were thought to be caused by a narrow
stream of hot mantle convecting up from the mantle-core.
Hotspot can burn through all of the layers of the crust and cool to form an intrusion, or stop before it makes it all of the way to the surface.
Faulting
A fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust, in which adjacent surfaces are displaced relative to one another and parallel to the plane of fracture.
Faults cause Earthquakes.
Folding
A fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat sedimentary layers are bent or curved as a result of a permanent deformation.
Folds in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized folds.
Folds form under varied conditions of stress, hydrostatic pressure, pore pressure, and temperature gradient.
Convection Current Demos
Warm Up:What are some ways the
crusts layers can change or be altered?
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Convection
Current Demos
HW: 1) None
Predict Lava Lamp Convection Bottles
Observe
Before After Before After
Explain
Convection Current POE
Explain what is happening in this video:
Questions:
OConnect the P.O.E. and video to the core and mantle. O Why does the lava lamp and the convection
bottles do what it does?O How do you think the hot core affects the
mantle? O What about the two parts of the core?O How does the POE relate to what happens in the
earth?
OFinish Lab Write up From yesterday. (Surface Area Lab)
Constructive and Destructive
Forces
Warm Up:Does the Earth look the same now as it did when it first came into existence? Justify your answer.
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Constructive
and Destructive Forces Notes
HW: 1) None
True or False: The Earth’s surface has stayed the same
for thousands of years
The Earth’s surface is always changing!
What do weathering and erosion mean?
On the next slide you are going to see two words. The animations of these words explain what they mean.
As you watch this animation, write down what you think Weathering and Erosion might mean based on what you see.
Wind causes weathering
What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?
Why wasn’t this mass of land
weathered away?
2. Particle Size – Larger particles weather slower and smaller particles weather at a faster rate.
There are 4 factors that effect the rate of weathering:1. Surface Area (exposure) - Exposing more surface area will increase the rate of weathering.
3. Chemical Composition (what a rock is made of) – Certain rocks and minerals are naturally weaker than others, while others are more resistant (stronger).
4. Climate – Warmer, moister climates have the most weathering. Heat & Water speed up all chemical reactions. This is the most important factor in weathering.
Mrs. Degl 38
1. Chemical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by chemical action. The rocks breaks down at the same time as it changes chemical composition. The end result is different from the original rock. There are 3 types of chemical weathering:
1. Oxidation – oxygen combines with the elements in the rock and it reacts. This the scientific name for rust.
2. Hydration – water can dissolve away many earth materials, including certain rocks.
3. Carbonation – carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. This makes acid rain which chemically weathers (dissolves) rocks. Other acids also combine with water to make acid rain.
Mrs. Degl 39
There are two primary types of weathering:Chemical and Physical
2. Physical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces without a change in chemical composition.
Root/Plant Wedging/Action Ice/Frost Wedging/Action
Exfoliation and Abrasion are also types of physical weathering.
ErosionThe process by which water, ice, wind or
gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.
What evidence of erosion do you see
in this picture?
Erosion is Movement of Sediment!
This process, known as Erosion, is
gradually wearing down the surface of
the earth.Erosion is the process by which
weathered rock and soil (sediment) are moved from one place to another.
Erosion carves the Earth's surface
creating canyons, gorges, and even
beaches.
What do you think has caused this rock to look this
way?
Wind Erosion As the wind blows it
picks up small particles of
sand/sediment and blasts large rocks with the abrasive particles,
cutting and shaping the rock.
The intensity of wind erosion is determined
by: Sum (amount)
Speed Slope
Surface
Water causes ErosionWhen rain falls to the
Earth it can evaporate, sink into the ground, or flow over the land as Runoff.
When it flows over land, erosion occurs.
Runoff picks up pieces of rock and "runs" downhill cutting tiny grooves (called rills) into the land.
Water causes Erosion
How much erosion takes place is determined by
the: Sum (amount)
SlopeSpeed
SurfaceCan you act
increasing and decreasing the four
S’s?
Ice Causes Erosion
Glaciers wear down the landscape; by picking up and carrying debris that moves across the land
along with the ice.
Ice Causes ErosionGlaciers can pick up and carry sediment that
ranges in size from sand grains to boulders bigger than houses.
Moving like a conveyor belt and a bulldozer, a single glacier can move millions of tons of
material!
Ice Causes Erosion
How much erosion takes
place is determined
by the: **Sum (Glaciers are
massive!)
SlopeSpeed
Surface
Gravity causes erosion
landslide clip.mpeg
Creep, Slump, Landslides, Mudslides, and Avalanches.
These are examples of mass movement
(or called mass wasting)
Slower
Faster
Gravity causes Erosion
How much erosion takes place is
determined by the:
Sum **Slope Speed
**Surface
Deposition
Rock particles that are picked up and transported during erosion will ultimately be deposited
somewhere else
Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in new locations. Together, Erosion and Deposition build new
landforms. Deltas
Canyons Meanders Floodplains
Rate of Weathering
Lab
Warm Up:What are the forces that cause the
Earth to change?
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Rate of
Weathering Lab
HW: 1) None
Constructive vs Destructive
Foces Project
Warm Up:What do you think soil and
sand are made up of?
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Constructive
vs Destructive Foces Project
HW: 1) None