Considerations for Building Simulators

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CONSIDERATIONS IN BUILDING AND USING

DREDGE SIMULATORS

S.A. Miedema1

ABSTRACT

Dredge simulators, like simulators in general, are developed with the purpose of simulating real

time processes. This may have different reasons:

1. Education2. Training3. Prediction4. Preparation5. Research6.

Dredge design

The following aspects can be distinguished when designing a simulator for a hydraulic dredge:

a. The motions of the dredgeb. The bank profile, including geometry and soil characteristicsc. The cutting processd. The hydraulic transport processe. Working methods and operational aspectsThis paper takes into consideration the above-mentioned aspects, gives some examples of the

mathematical modeling, user interfaces and presentation of the results.

INTRODUCTION

When designing a simulator, the first question that should be asked is, what will be the purpose

of the simulator. Will it be a simulator for educational purposes, for training of the staff, for the prediction of the dredging process, for preparing a dredging job, for research or for dredge

design?

The characteristics of the simulator may differ depending on the purpose. It could be possible

that not all targets can be met with one and the same simulator. To find out the requirements for

the simulator, the purpose of the simulator has to be analyzed.

The following analysis is not complete, but gives an impression of different aspects that have tobe taken into consideration to show some of the differences between simulators as they should be

developed for the different purposes mentioned. In practice however, it often occurs that first a

simulator is developed and afterwards the purpose of the simulator is changed, resulting in

1Associate Professor, Chair of Dredging Technology, Director of Education, Mechanical Engineering, Delft

University of Technology.

Miedema, S.A., "Considerations in building and using dredge simulators".

Texas A&M 31st Annual Dredging Seminar. Louisville Kentucky, May 16-18, 1999.

Copyright: Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema


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misuse or no use at all. One should take into consideration that the analysis has been made

through the eyes of a scientist.

The educational simulator

The educational simulator is considered to be a simulator for higher education (B.Sc. or MSc).

This type of education requires knowledge of the physics of the dredging processes and a system

approach of the equipment and the use of the dredge. Dredging processes in a steady statesituation can be described mathematical and are not to difficult to solve manually. An example of

this is the determination of pipeline resistance in a straight pipeline under steady state conditions,

constant flow, constant density, constant grain distribution and constant pump revolutions. Whenthese parameters are not constant and when the hydraulic system consists of more then one pump

the system gets to complicated to solve manually. It is however of interest to the engineer to

know the dynamical behavior of the dredging system. To see how the different system

components interact. To see the dredging limitations in a non-steady state situation. Oftenproblems occur after a certain time. For instance, when a high-density mixture is formed in the

cutterhead, sedimentation will not occur immediately. Cavitation of the ladder-pump or main-

pump may occur almost instantly, but cavitation of a booster pump may occur after minutes. It isthus very important to anticipate. Figure 1 shows the most important pump parameters.

Fig. 1: The display of the most important pump parameters

It is very important to first formulate educational targets, then design an educational program and

depending on the targets and the program design, develop a simulator.

The main targets are:

1. Teach the different dredging processes individually2. Teach the dependency of the different dredging processes (system approach)





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3. Teach working methods and operational aspects4. Teach dredge limitationsThe use of the educational simulator requires:

1. Console and user interface1.1.A student and an instructor console, so the instructor can follow the student and interact

if necessary1.2.Easy to learn and use the simulator, since students have limited time1.3.The console and user interface should be focussed on the dredging processes and less on

the operations

2. Educational program2.1.A well trained instructor2.2.Available standard scripts, so the results of different students can be compared2.3.Available standard scripts, so predetermined situations can be simulated

3. Mathematical modeling3.1.The dredging processes as implemented in the simulator should give correct tendencies,

but do not need to be very detailed

3.2.The simulator has to operate real-time3.3.The results have to be reproducible when using standard scripts

4. Results and responses4.1.Output in relation to input (logging)4.2.Output of the cutting process4.3 Output of the hydraulic transport process

The training simulator

The training simulator is considered to be a simulator for training staff members the operationsof a dredging vessel. These operations include controlling the pumps, the cutterdrive and the

winches, lowering and hoisting the ladder, moving the spud carriage, etc. The student has tolearn the function of joysticks, buttons, etc. on the console and has to know how to interpret the

different displays. This type of simulator requires that the students have a view from the bridge

using video, like in reality. It is also important that the student is able to anticipate on theconsequences of his actions, because of time effects. Working methods like dredging a slope or

profile, working with spuds and spud carriage, the placement of anchors, etc. are very important

for dredge operators. Figure 2 shows the most important operational parameters.


1. Teach the use of console and user displays2. Teach the response of the dredge on the actions taken3. Teach and practice the operations of the dredge.4. Teach working methods and problems





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The prediction simulator

The prediction simulator is considered to be a simulator for the prediction of production and for

determining dredging limits, like sedimentation in the pipeline and the bulldozer effect on the

cutterhead. The prediction simulator has to be operated by a production engineer on regular

bases. Since in general with software the rule garbage in garbage out is valid, the productionengineer requires knowledge of the dredging processes and working methods. Figure 3 shows an

on-screen console.

Fig. 3: The display of an on-screen console, this console has the feature of activating scripts.


1. Predict production2. Predict the occurrence of process limits3. Predict the behavior of the dredging processes in timeThe use of the prediction simulator requires:

1. Console and user interface1.1.Console and user interface can be combined on one PC (on-screen console)1.2.

The simulator should be controlled by scripts in combination with manual control

2. Educational program2.1.There does not have to be an educational program2.2.There has to be a specialist working on a regular basis on the simulator2.3.Scripts with standardized working methods have to be available2.4.Standardized sets of soil mechanical parameters have to be available





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3. Mathematical modeling3.1.Detailed mathematical modeling of the dredging processes3.2.Detailed mathematical modeling of the bank3.3.Less detailed modeling of working methods and operations3.4.Possibility to play scripts

4. Results and responses4.1.Different parameters as a function of time4.2.Statistical values of different parameters4.3.Detection of dredging limits

The preparation simulator

The preparation simulator is considered to be a simulator for preparing dredging projects.

Usually when starting a dredging job the operators have to learn how to optimize the workingmethods for that specific job. If it would be possible to carry out this learning process on a

simulator, time would be saved.


1. Simulate a dredging project2. Speed up the learning curve of a project on site3. Detect possible problemsThe use of the preparation simulator requires:

1. Console and user interface1.1.Console and user interface see the training simulator (examples fig. 4 and 5)1.2.Display of survey data

Fig. 4: The display of the back view of the cutterdredge, also showing the cross-sectional

channel profile.

2. Educational program2.1.There does not have to be an educational program2.2.Training of the dredge operator on a training simulator is required2.3.Scripts with standardized working methods have to be available2.4.Standardized sets of soil mechanical parameters have to be available





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Fig. 6: The display of the top view of the cutterdredge, also showing the channel.

3. Mathematical modeling3.1.Detailed mathematical modeling of the dredging processes3.2.Detailed mathematical modeling of the bank3.3.Detailed mathematical modeling of the dynamics3.4.Less detailed modeling of working methods and operations3.5.The software should be open

4. Results and responses4.1.Dedicated, depending on the subject of the research4.2.Output of the input, so the relation input output can be studied4.3.Output of dredging process parameters as a function of time complemented with

statistics

The dredge design simulator

The dredge design simulator is considered to be a simulator that predicts system behavior that

can be used in the design phase of building a dredge. This type of simulator can also be used forthe modification of a dredge for a specific job or for determining the different components and

layout for a specific dredging job (for example the choice of a booster pump).


1. Predict complex system behavior2. Optimize dredging limits3. Predict loads on specific parts of the dredge





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The use of the dredge design simulator requires:

1. Console and user interface1.1.Console and user interface can be combined on one PC (on-screen console)1.2.The simulator should be controlled by scripts

2. Educational program2.1.There does not have to be an educational program2.2.There has to be a specialist working on a regular basis with the software

3. Mathematical modeling3.1.Detailed mathematical modeling of dredging processes3.2.Detailed mathematical modeling of resulting loads3.3.The software has to be reproducible, meaning that one script has reproducible output

4. Results and responses4.1.

Loads on different parts of the dredge4.2.Time series of the dredging processes

4.3.Production information4.4.Detection of limiting conditions

The motions of the dredge

The dredge motions consist of the six degrees of freedom of the pontoon complemented with the

rotation of the ladder around the ladder bearings. This gives a total of 7 degrees of freedom(surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, yaw and ladder rotation). For a dredge operating in still water,

when wave forces are ignored, the motions in the horizontal plane are relevant (surge, sway andyaw) as well as the ladder rotation. The three pontoon motions can be reduced to the rotation

around the spud if the spud is considered to be infinitely stiff. If the ladder rotation is considered

not to be the result of a mass-spring system, but controlled by the ladder winch, only oneequilibrium equation has to be solved, the rotation of the pontoon around the spud. The other 6

equilibrium equations are of interest when working offshore, when wave forces have to be taken

into account, but using these equations increases the calculations to be carried out enormous.

This may be useful for the training, the preparation and the dredge design simulators foradvanced training. For the educational, the prediction and the research simulator these motions

are not of interest unless they are subject of research.

The equilibrium equation of rotation around the spud is a second order non-linear differential

equation, with the following external forces:

1. The inertial forces of pontoon and ladder2. The water damping on pontoon and ladder3. The spring forces resulting from the swing wires4. The external forces resulting from the current5. The external forces resulting from the cutting process6. The external forces resulting from the swing winches





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7. The external forces resulting from the pipeline8. The reaction forces on the spudThe inertial forces (moments) determine whether there is an acceleration or deceleration of the

rotation around the spud. These forces are the result of the equilibrium equation and thus of the

external forces.

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Port winch rope force vs time

Time

kN

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-60.0

-36.0

-12.0

12.0

36.0

60.0

Port winch rope speed vs time

Time

m/min

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

-60.0

-36.0

-12.0

12.0

36.0

60.0

Starboard winch rope speed vs time

Time

m/min

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Starboard winch rope force vs time

Time

kN

Graph4

Name

Company

Sessions

:WinchesTimeRecordings

:Dr.ir.S.A.Miedema

:SAM-Consult

:1

CutterSuctionDredgeSimulatorV3.02

May26,1998,10:32:08PM

Dredge:CutterSuctionDredge

CopyRight:SAM-Consult

Fig. 7: The output of the winch parameters.

The water damping and the current forces depend on the value and the direction of the currentand on the rotational speed of the pontoon around the spud.

The spring forces resulting from the swing wires and the forces resulting from the swingwinches, strongly depend on the characteristics of the winches and the wires and the winch

control system. The position of the anchors in relation to the position of the spud and the

position of the swing wire sheaves on the ladder determines the direction of the swing wireforces and thus of the resulting moments around the spud. Figure 7 shows the winch output of a

research simulator.

The forces resulting from the pipeline can be neglected if the position of the swivel elbow isclose to the position of the work spud, because in this case this force hardly influences the

rotation of the pontoon around the spud.

The cutting forces and the cutting torque strongly influence the rotation around the spud, these

will be discussed in the paragraph cutting forces.





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The reaction forces on the spud can be determined by the equilibrium equations of forces and

complement this equilibrium.

The rotation of the pontoon around the spud is dominated by the cutting forces, the winch

characteristics, the inertia of pontoon and ladder and placement of the anchors, while damping

and current play a less important role.

The equilibrium equation in question is non-linear, while some of the data is produced by

interpolation from tables. This implies that the equation will have to be solved in the timedomain, using a certain time step. This is also necessary because the simulation program has to

interact with the console (the user input). To simulate the motions of the dredge real time, a time

step of at least two times per second is required. A time step of 5 to 10 times per second wouldbe preferred.

The bank profile

In the modeling of the bank the following aspects can be distinguished:

1. The storage method and resolution2. The geometry input and presentation of the geometry3. The number of different soils allowed and the soil mechanical parameters4. The wall velocity5. Cave ins6. Updating the geometryThe storage method should be the result of the other 5 aspects, but depending on the computer

system used, the storage of the bank profile may use a lot of disk space and use a lot of CPUtime. Fortunately the development of computers is going very fast, resulting in cheap multi GB

capacity hard disks and very fast CPUs. The bank can be stored as a large matrix (in an array),

with one subscript representing the width of the area covered and the other subscript representingthe length. The value of each element of the matrix represents the height. If the with is 200 m

and the length 1000 m, then a resolution of 1 m gives 200.000 points. If the height is stored as a

floating-point variable of 4 bytes, this requires about 100 kB, which is not a problem with respect

to storage. With a resolution of 0.1 m this requires 10 MB, which was a problem 5 years ago.The resolution required can however be determined from the cutting process. The swing velocity

will be about 0.3 m/s under normal operating conditions. With a time step of 0.5 seconds, the

cutterhead has moved 0.15 m in one timestep. With a time step of 0.1 second, the cutterhead hasmoved only 0.03 m in one time step. This results in a resolution of 0.01 m, which requires 1 GB

of storage and increases the CPU time, since the movement of the cutterhead should always be

larger then the resolution. A compromise between time step and resolution has to be chosen.There may be more sophisticated ways to store the bank, but they will usually result in other

compromises.

Figure 8 shows a 3D picture of the bank, the matrix structure is visible.





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Fig. 8: A 3D view on the channel profile.

The geometry input should be easy, for instance through a mesh of triangles. Another option is,to use existing survey data to generate a bank. In this case a conversion utility has to be

available. The possibility of using existing survey data is especially important for the preparation

simulator and also for the training simulator. The geometry presentation is preferred to be 3D,with the possibility to view the geometry from different directions and to zoom in and out. If the

bank profile is stored in an independent file, the user has the possibility to write his own bank

generating programs.

The bank can consist of one type of soil, however to simulate more closely to reality, it is

preferred to be able to create a bank consisting of more types of soil. This way layers of different

material, like gravel beds or clay layers can be simulated. Since the resolution of these differenttypes of soil does not have to be so fine as the resolution of the bank, it would be a waste of

storage space to store the soil data in the bank file. Storing this data in a separate file is preferred.This allows for an almost infinite number of soils.

The soil mechanical parameters depend on the type of soil. At least sand and clay should beimplemented. By storing the soil types in a database and referring to the record number of the

soil type in question, one can use different soils and define standard soil types.

Resuming there are 3 storage files required, one for the geometry of the bank profile, which can

be a very large file, one for the storage of the geometry of layers of different types of soil and

one for the storage of the soil mechanical parameters.

The wall velocity and cave ins are two physical processes that occur independent from the

motions of the dredge. Although the dredging process can induce these phenomena, they do not

have to occur at the position of the cutterhead and at the same time the cutterhead is at thatposition. The occurrence of material flowing down on the slopes, depends on the type of material

and on the slope angle. The occurrence of cave ins depends on the stability of a slope and thus

also on the material properties. With respect to time these phenomena occur almost independent





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from the dredging process. This requires a second time loop to check for the possible occurrence,

determine the displacement of material and update the geometry matrix. It is obvious that theCPU time required is inversely proportional to the resolution of the matrix.

This matrix will have to be updated every timestep, when the cutterhead has excavated a certain

volume of soil. As mentioned before, the displacement of the cutterhead has to be bigger then theresolution of the matrix, otherwise it is difficult to determine the excavated volume. The matrix

only has to be updated for the area covered by the projected area of the cutterhead. A volume

balance between excavated volume and hydraulically transported volume can be taken as averification tool.

The cutting process

One of the main processes of the cutter dredge is the cutting process. The cutterhead has two

functions, excavating the soil and mixture forming. The hydraulic transportation process has thefunction to transport the mixture to its destination.

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Cutter speed vs time

Time

rpm

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

0

160

320

480

640

800

Cutter torque vs time

Time

kNm

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

-90

-54

-18

18

54

90

Swing angle vs time

Time

deg.

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

Cutter depth vs time

Time

m

Graph5

Name

Company

Sessions

:CutterTimeRecordings

:Dr.ir.S.A.Miedema

:SAM-Consult

:1

CutterSuctionDredgeSimulatorV3.02

May26,1998,10:32:08PM



Fig. 9: The output of cutter position, speed and torque.

In dredging there is a variety of types of soil to be excavated. Therefore the types of soil aregrouped into sand, clay and rock, knowing that this does not cover all the possibilities. Since for

solving the equilibrium equations around the spud, the cutting forces need to be known, a cutting

model for each type of material has to be implemented, using the soil mechanical and operationalparameters as input. Cutting models can be very detailed or global. To determine how detailed

the cutting model has to be, the time involved in the detailed cutting process should be compared

to the time frame of the motions of the dredge. The time frame of the motions of the dredge can





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be characterized by the Eigen frequency of the motions of the dredge around the spud. This

Eigen frequency is usually 10 to 20 seconds and gives an indication of the speed with which thedredge responds to changes of the loads (forces and moments) on the dredge. Figure 9 shows the

results of the cutterhead modeling.

The cutting process consists of high frequent cutting of small pieces of soil that break out everyfew centimeters. With a circumferential cutting speed of several meters per second, this gives a

frequency of 50 to 500 pieces per second. The resulting cutting forces will fluctuate around some

average with this frequency. It is obvious, that the motions of the pontoon will not be influencedby such high frequency varying forces. The frequency with which cutter blades hit the bank is

around 2 to 4 per second. This frequency is also to high to influence the motions of the dredge.

Implementing both the forces resulting from pieces breaking out and forces resulting from theblades hitting the bank will cause a tremendous increase in CPU time, without a noticeable effect

on the motions of the dredge. The low frequent force variations resulting from a change in the

average forces on the cutterhead due to variations in swing speed and variation of the soil to beexcavated will influence the motions of the dredge. Those forces should be used in the

mathematical model as implemented in simulators. Only the research simulator may requiremore detailed modeling of the cutting forces if these are the subjects of the research.

The hydraulic transport process

The hydraulic transport system consists of a multi pump pipeline system (ladder-, main- andbooster pump). The pumps are diesel direct or diesel electrical driven. In short, the excavated soil

is mixed with water inside the cutterhead and transported through the hydraulic system. Since the

excavating process is not stationary, the mixture density, the soil mechanical parameters and thedredging depth all at the position of the cutterhead may vary in time, the mixture density and the

soil mechanical parameters will also vary over the length of the pipeline. This results in avarying resistance and thus pressure loss over the length of the pipeline and in time, causing the

pump drive to have varying revolutions and the pumps to have varying discharge pressures.

Since the mixture travels through the pipeline these effects will occur at different times for thesubsequent pumps.

Resuming it can be stated that the hydraulic transport process is a very dynamical process. The

mathematical model of this process should consist of at least a mass, spring, damper modelwhere the torque/revolutions behavior of the pump drive gives input for the external load. The

moments of inertia of pump drive, pump and the mass of the mixture in the pipeline give the

total mass; the pressure drop in the pipeline gives the damping, while the control system (flowcontrol or diesel injection control) results in spring behavior. The diesel engine behaves however

as a second order system, which makes the modeling more complex. To be able to determine the

pipeline resistance at every position in the pipeline, it is necessary to know the mixture densityand soil mechanical parameters at every position in the pipeline. Since the mixture is moving

through the pipeline, a bookkeeping system is required. Then at each small pipe segment the

resistance can be determined with Durand, Fuhrboter, Wilson or another model. The total

resistance action on a pump can be determined by integration. The number of segments (and thusthe size of one segment) determines the CPU time. For the research simulator the segment size

should be small.





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0.00 0.40 0.80 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.40 2.80 3.20 3.60 4.00

0

440

880

1320

1760

2200

2640

3080

3520

3960

4400

Flow in m^3/sec

TotalHeadinkPa

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

0

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4800

7200

9600

12000

Density in ton/m^3

TotalPowerinkW

0 410 820 1230 1640 2050 2460 2870 3280 3690 4100

-100

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1500

1900

Distance from suction mouth in m

PressureinkPa

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

0

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3000

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Density in ton/m^3

Prod.

inm^3/hour

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

0

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Length of discharge line in m

Prod.

inm^3/hour

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

0.00

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4.00

Length of discharge line in m

Flowinm^3/sec

Vcrit Water Rho: 1.124 Rho: 1.218 Rho: 1.312 Rho: 1.406 Rho: 1.500

Stationary Pump Behaviour Windows V3.00 - Torque Limited:

03-20-1999 - 13:43:32

C:\WIN311~1\CSDS\Pipeline\Pipeline.001 in Default Sand

Fig. 10: The output of the system curves of the pump system.

Another modeling problem is pump cavitation. One way of modeling this is, to let the mixture

density in the pump decrease as soon as the pump starts cavitating. By letting this densitydecrease proportional to the time the pump is cavitating the behavior of a cavitating pump can be

simulated, because the discharge pressure of a pump is proportional to the mixture density in the

pump. Figure 11 gives a good example of the dynamics of the hydraulic transport process, whilefigure 12 shows the resulting production parameters.

In general the CPU time required for the hydraulic transport model can be influenced by theaccuracy of the calculations (the number of segments, the number of points on the Q-H curve,

etc) and not by the physics of the modeling.

Working methods and operational aspects

The following aspects are important:

1. Hoisting and lowering the ladder2. Hoisting and lowering the spuds3. Stepping in the traditional way4. Stepping with a spud carriage5. Starting and stopping the pump drives6. Controlling the pump revolutions7. Starting and stopping the cutter drive





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00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Slurry density vs time

Time

Graph1

Nam

Com

Sess

ror.i

epany

ions

:P

ductionTimeRecordings

:D

r.S.A.Miedema

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m^3

ton/

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0Slurry velocity vs time

Time

m/sec

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

-60

-36

-12

12

36

60

Swing speed vs time

Time

m/min

00:00 00:01 00:02 00:03 00:04 00:05 00:06 00:07 00:08 00:09 00:10

0

1800

3600

5400

7200

9000

Production rate vs time

Time

m^3/hr

CutterSuctionDredgeSimulatorV3

.02

May26,1998,10:32:08PM



Fig. 12: The output of the most important production parameters.

eferences

oning, J. de, Miedema, S.A., & Zwartbol, A., "Soil/Cutterhead Interaction under Wave

Miedem utting Water Saturated Sand". Basic

Miedem aturated Sand of a Seagoing Cutter Suction Dredge".

Miedem n Dredge".

Miedem Seagoing Cutter

Becker rocess of

Becker . & Jong, P.S. de & Wittekoek, S., "The Closing Process of

R

K

Conditions". Proc. WODCON X, Singapore 1983.

a, S.A., "Calculation of the Cutting Forces when C

Theory and Applications for 3-D Blade Movements and Periodically Varying Velocitiesfor, in Dredging Commonly used Excavating Means. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of

Technology, September 15th 1987.a, S.A., "On the Cutting Forces in S

Proc. WODCON XII, Orlando, Florida, USA, April 1989. This paper was given the

IADC Award for the best technical paper on the subject of dredging in 1989.a, S.A., "On the Cutting Forces in Saturated Sand of a Seagoing Cutter Suctio

Terra et Aqua No. 41, December 1989, Elseviers Scientific Publishers.

a, S.A. & Journee, J.M.J. & Schuurmans, S., "On the Motions of aDredge, a Study in Continuity ". Proc. WODCON XIII, Bombay, India, 1992.

, S. & Miedema, S.A. & Jong, P.S. de & Wittekoek, S., "On the Closing P

Clamshell Dredges in Water Saturated Sand". Proc. WODCON XIII, Bombay, India,1992. This paper was given the IADC Award for the best technical paper on the subjectof dredging in 1992.

, S. & Miedema, S.A

Clamshell Dredges in Water Saturated Sand". Terra et Aqua No. 49, September 1992,IADC, The Hague.



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Miedema, S.A. & Becker, S., "The Use of Modeling and Simulation in the Dredging Industry, in

Particular the Closing Process of Clamshell Dredges", CEDA Dredging Days 1993,Amsterdam, Holland, 1993.

Miedema, S.A., "On the Snow-Plough Effect when Cutting Water Saturated Sand with Inclined

Straight Blades". ASCE Proc. Dredging 94, Orlando, Florida, USA, November 1994.

IHC-Systems & Miedema, S.A., CSDS Cutter Suction Dredge Simulator. Delft, 1994.Miedema, S.A., "Production Estimation Based on Cutting Theories for Cutting Water Saturated

Sand". Proc. WODCON IV, November 1995, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1995.

Miedema, S.A., "Modeling and Simulation of the Dynamic Behavior of a Pump/PipelineSystem". 17th Annual Meeting & Technical Conference of the Western Dredging

Association. New Orleans, June 1996.



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Bibliography Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema 1980-2010

1. Koert, P. & Miedema, S.A., "Report on the field excursion to the USA April 1981"(PDF in Dutch 27.2 MB). Delft University of Technology, 1981, 48 pages.

2. Miedema, S.A., "The flow of dredged slurry in and out hoppers and the settlement process in hoppers" (PDF in Dutch 37 MB). ScO/81/105, Delft University ofTechnology, 1981, 147 pages.

3. Miedema, S.A., "The soil reaction forces on a crown cutterhead on a swellcompensated ladder" (PDF in Dutch 19 MB). LaO/81/97, Delft University of

Technology, 1981, 36 pages.

4. Miedema, S.A., "Computer program for the determination of the reaction forces on acutterhead, resulting from the motions of the cutterhead" (PDF in Dutch 11 MB).

Delft Hydraulics, 1981, 82 pages.

5. Miedema, S.A. "The mathematical modeling of the soil reaction forces on acutterhead and the development of the computer program DREDMO" (PDF in Dutch

25 MB). CO/82/125, Delft University of Technology, 1982, with appendices 600pages.

6. Miedema, S.A.,"The Interaction between Cutterhead and Soil at Sea" (In Dutch).Proc. Dredging Day November 19th, Delft University of Technology 1982.

7. Miedema, S.A., "A comparison of an underwater centrifugal pump and an ejectorpump" (PDF in Dutch 3.2 MB). Delft University of Technology, 1982, 18 pages.

8. Miedema, S.A., "Computer simulation of Dredging Vessels" (In Dutch). DeIngenieur, Dec. 1983. (Kivi/Misset).

9. Koning, J. de, Miedema, S.A., & Zwartbol, A., "Soil/Cutterhead Interaction underWave Conditions (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 1 MB)". Proc. WODCON X, Singapore

1983.

10.Miedema, S.A. "Basic design of a swell compensated cutter suction dredge with axialand radial compensation on the cutterhead" (PDF in Dutch 20 MB). CO/82/134, DelftUniversity of Technology, 1983, 64 pages.

11.Miedema, S.A., "Design of a seagoing cutter suction dredge with a swell compensatedladder" (PDF in Dutch 27 MB). IO/83/107, Delft University of Technology, 1983, 51

pages.

12.Miedema, S.A., "Mathematical Modeling of a Seagoing Cutter Suction Dredge" (InDutch). Published: The Hague, 18-9-1984, KIVI Lectures, Section Under Water

Technology.

13.Miedema, S.A., "The Cutting of Densely Compacted Sand under Water (AdobeAcrobat PDF-File 575 kB)". Terra et Aqua No. 28, October 1984 pp. 4-10.

14.Miedema, S.A., "Longitudinal and Transverse Swell Compensation of a CutterSuction Dredge" (In Dutch). Proc. Dredging Day November 9th 1984, Delft

University of Technology 1984.

15.Miedema, S.A., "Compensation of Velocity Variations". Patent application no.8403418, Hydromeer B.V. Oosterhout, 1984.

16.Miedema, S.A., "Mathematical Modeling of the Cutting of Densely Compacted SandUnder Water". Dredging & Port Construction, July 1985, pp. 22-26.

17.Miedema, S.A., "Derivation of the Differential Equation for Sand Pore Pressures".Dredging & Port Construction, September 1985, pp. 35.

18.Miedema, S.A., "The Application of a Cutting Theory on a Dredging Wheel (AdobeAcrobat 4.0 PDF-File 745 kB)". Proc. WODCON XI, Brighton 1986.

19.Miedema, S.A., "Underwater Soil Cutting: a Study in Continuity". Dredging & PortConstruction, June 1986, pp. 47-53.
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rsion%20to%20the%20U.S.A.%20April%201981.pdf


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20.Miedema, S.A., "The cutting of water saturated sand, laboratory research" (In Dutch).Delft University of Technology, 1986, 17 pages.

21.Miedema, S.A., "The forces on a trenching wheel, a feasibility study" (In Dutch).Delft, 1986, 57 pages + software.

22.Miedema, S.A., "The translation and restructuring of the computer programDREDMO from ALGOL to FORTRAN" (In Dutch). Delft Hydraulics, 1986, 150

pages + software.

23.Miedema, S.A., "Calculation of the Cutting Forces when Cutting Water SaturatedSand (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 16 MB)". Basic Theory and Applications for 3-D

Blade Movements and Periodically Varying Velocities for, in Dredging Commonly

used Excavating Means. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, September

15th 1987.

24.Bakker, A. & Miedema, S.A., "The Specific Energy of the Dredging Process of aGrab Dredge". Delft University of Technology, 1988, 30 pages.

25.Miedema, S.A., "On the Cutting Forces in Saturated Sand of a Seagoing CutterSuction Dredge (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 1.5 MB)". Proc. WODCON XII,

Orlando, Florida, USA, April 1989. This paper was given the IADC Award for thebest technical paper on the subject of dredging in 1989.

26.Miedema, S.A., "The development of equipment for the determination of the wear on pick-points" (In Dutch). Delft University of Technology, 1990, 30 pages

(90.3.GV.2749, BAGT 462).

27.Miedema, S.A., "Excavating Bulk Materials" (In Dutch). Syllabus PATO course,1989 & 1991, PATO The Hague, The Netherlands.

28.Miedema, S.A., "On the Cutting Forces in Saturated Sand of a Seagoing CutterSuction Dredge (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 1.5 MB)". Terra et Aqua No. 41,

December 1989, Elseviers Scientific Publishers.

29.Miedema, S.A., "New Developments of Cutting Theories with respect to Dredging,the Cutting of Clay (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 640 kB)". Proc. WODCON XIII,

Bombay, India, 1992.

30.Davids, S.W. & Koning, J. de & Miedema, S.A. & Rosenbrand, W.F.,"Encapsulation: A New Method for the Disposal of Contaminated Sediment, a

Feasibility Study (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 3MB)". Proc. WODCON XIII,

Bombay, India, 1992.

31.Miedema, S.A. & Journee, J.M.J. & Schuurmans, S., "On the Motions of a SeagoingCutter Dredge, a Study in Continuity (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 396 kB)". Proc.

WODCON XIII, Bombay, India, 1992.

32.Becker, S. & Miedema, S.A. & Jong, P.S. de & Wittekoek, S., "On the ClosingProcess of Clamshell Dredges in Water Saturated Sand (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File1 MB)". Proc. WODCON XIII, Bombay, India, 1992. This paper was given the IADC

Award for the best technical paper on the subject of dredging in 1992.

33.Becker, S. & Miedema, S.A. & Jong, P.S. de & Wittekoek, S., "The Closing Processof Clamshell Dredges in Water Saturated Sand (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 1 MB)".

Terra et Aqua No. 49, September 1992, IADC, The Hague.

34.Miedema, S.A., "Modeling and Simulation of Dredging Processes and Systems".Symposium "Zicht op Baggerprocessen", Delft University of Technology, Delft, The

Netherlands, 29 October 1992.

35.Miedema, S.A., "Dredmo User Interface, Operators Manual". Report: 92.3.GV.2995.Delft University of Technology, 1992, 77 pages.

36.Miedema, S.A., "Inleiding Mechatronica, college WBM202" Delft University ofTechnology, 1992.
http://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1986_Cutting_Tests/863GV2100.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1987_Dissertation/Dissertation.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1987_Dissertation/Dissertation.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1987_Dissertation/Dissertation%20Miedema.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1988_Clamshell/883GV2439.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1988_Clamshell/883GV2439.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/1989_Wodcon12.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/1989_Wodcon12.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/1989_Wodcon12.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/1989_Wodcon12.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clay/wodcon_92_clay.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clay/wodcon_92_clay.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clay/1992_Wodcon13_clay.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/wodcon_92_silt.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/wodcon_92_silt.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/WODCON%2013%20Silt.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/WODCON%2013%20Silt.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_CSD/WODCON%2092%20CSD.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_CSD/WODCON%2092%20CSD.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_CSD/WODCON%2092.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/1992_Wodcon13_Clamshell.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/1992_Wodcon13_Clamshell.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/1992_Wodcon13_Clamshell.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Opening%20Lab/1992_MODELLING%20AND%20SIMULATION%20OF%20DREDGING%20PROCESSES%20AND%20SYSTEMS.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Opening%20Lab/1992_MODELLING%20AND%20SIMULATION%20OF%20DREDGING%20PROCESSES%20AND%20SYSTEMS.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/1992_Wodcon13_Clamshell.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/1992_Wodcon13_Clamshell.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/1992_Wodcon13_Clamshell.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clamshell/Wodcon92_Clamshell.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_CSD/WODCON%2092.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_CSD/WODCON%2092%20CSD.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_CSD/WODCON%2092%20CSD.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/WODCON%2013%20Silt.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/wodcon_92_silt.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Silt/wodcon_92_silt.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clay/1992_Wodcon13_clay.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clay/wodcon_92_clay.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1992_Wodcon_13_Clay/wodcon_92_clay.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/1989_Wodcon12.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/1989_Wodcon12.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1989_Wodcon_12/wodcon_89.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1988_Clamshell/883GV2439.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1988_Clamshell/883GV2439.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1987_Dissertation/Dissertation%20Miedema.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1987_Dissertation/Dissertation.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1987_Dissertation/Dissertation.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1986_Cutting_Tests/863GV2100.pdf


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51.Miedema, S.A., "Considerations on limits of dredging processes (Adobe Acrobat 4.0PDF-File 523 kB)". 19th Annual Meeting & Technical Conference of the Western

Dredging Association. Louisville Kentucky, May 16-18, 1999.

52.Miedema, S.A. & Ruijtenbeek, M.G. v.d., "Quality management in reality","Kwaliteitszorg in de praktijk". AKO conference on quality management in

education. Delft University of Technology, November 3rd 1999.53.Miedema, S.A., "Curriculum Development Mechanical Engineering (Adobe Acrobat

4.0 PDF-File 4 MB)". MHO 5-6/CTU/DUT. Cantho University Vietnam, CICAT

Delft, Mission October 1999.

54.Vlasblom, W.J., Miedema, S.A., Ni, F., "Course Development on Topic 5: DredgingTechnology, Dredging Equipment and Dredging Processes". Delft University of

Technology and CICAT, Delft July 2000.

55.Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., Bian, X., "Course Development on Topic 5:Dredging Technology, Power Drives, Instrumentation and Automation". Delft

University of Technology and CICAT, Delft July 2000.

56.Randall, R. & Jong, P. de & Miedema, S.A., "Experience with cutter suction dredgesimulator training (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 1.1 MB)". Texas A&M 32nd AnnualDredging Seminar. Warwick, Rhode Island, June 25-28, 2000.

57.Miedema, S.A., "The modelling of the swing winches of a cutter dredge in relationwith simulators (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 814 kB)". Texas A&M 32nd Annual

Dredging Seminar. Warwick, Rhode Island, June 25-28, 2000.

58.Hofstra, C. & Hemmen, A. van & Miedema, S.A. & Hulsteyn, J. van, "Describing the position of backhoe dredges (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 257 kB)". Texas A&M

32nd Annual Dredging Seminar. Warwick, Rhode Island, June 25-28, 2000.

59.Miedema, S.A., "Automation of a Cutter Dredge, Applied to the Dynamic Behaviourof a Pump/Pipeline System (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 254 kB)". Proc. WODCON

VI, April 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2001.

60.Heggeler, O.W.J. ten, Vercruysse, P.M., Miedema, S.A., "On the Motions of SuctionPipe Constructions a Dynamic Analysis (Adobe Acrobat 4.0 PDF-File 110 kB)".

Proc. WODCON VI, April 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2001.

61.Miedema, S.A. & Zhao Yi, "An Analytical Method of Pore Pressure Calculationswhen Cutting Water Saturated Sand (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 2.2 MB)". Texas

A&M 33nd Annual Dredging Seminar, June 2001, Houston, USA 2001.

62.Miedema, S.A., "A Numerical Method of Calculating the Dynamic Behaviour ofHydraulic Transport (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 246 kB)". 21st Annual Meeting &

Technical Conference of the Western Dredging Association, June 2001, Houston,

USA 2001.

63.Zhao Yi, & Miedema, S.A., "Finite Element Calculations To Determine The PorePressures When Cutting Water Saturated Sand At Large Cutting Angles (Adobe

Acrobat PDF-File 4.8 MB)". CEDA Dredging Day 2001, November 2001,

Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

64.Miedema, S.A., "Mission Report Cantho University". MHO5/6, Phase Two, Missionto Vietnam by Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema DUT/OCP Project Supervisor, 27 September-8

October 2001, Delft University/CICAT.

65. (Zhao Yi), & (Miedema, S.A.),"

"(Finite Element Calculations To Determine The Pore Pressures When Cutting Water
http://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/1999_TAMU/tamu99.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1999_TAMU/CONSIDERATIONS%20on%20Limits%20of%20Dredging%20Processes.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1999_TAMU/CONSIDERATIONS%20on%20Limits%20of%20Dredging%20Processes.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/1999_CanTho/Cantho.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Randall/weda2000_simulator.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Randall/weda2000_simulator.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Randall/2000_WEDA_Randall.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema/2000_WEDA_TAMU_Winches.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema/2000_WEDA_TAMU_Winches.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Hofstra/WEDA2000_Backhoe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Hofstra/WEDA2000_Backhoe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Hofstra/2000_WEDA_Hofstra.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Miedema/wodcon2000%20miedema.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Miedema/wodcon2000%20miedema.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Miedema/wodcon2000%20miedema.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Heggeler/2001_wodcon_suction_pipe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Heggeler/2001_wodcon_suction_pipe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Heggeler/wodcon2000%20heggeler.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Cutting/2001_WEDA_TAMU_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Cutting/2001_WEDA_TAMU_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Cutting/weda2001.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Hydraulics/2001_WEDA_TAMU_HYDRAULICS.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Hydraulics/2001_WEDA_TAMU_HYDRAULICS.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Hydraulics/2001_WEDA_TAMU_HYDRAULICS.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/2001_CEDA_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/2001_CEDA_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/CEDA%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/CEDA%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_Cantho/educational.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_China_Paper/2002_China_Paper.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_China_Paper/2002_China_Paper.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_Cantho/educational.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/CEDA%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/CEDA%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/2001_CEDA_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_CEDA_Cutting/2001_CEDA_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Hydraulics/2001_WEDA_TAMU_HYDRAULICS.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Hydraulics/2001_WEDA_TAMU_HYDRAULICS.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Hydraulics/2001_WEDA_TAMU_HYDRAULICS.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Cutting/weda2001.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Cutting/2001_WEDA_TAMU_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WEDA_TAMU_Cutting/2001_WEDA_TAMU_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Heggeler/wodcon2000%20heggeler.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Heggeler/2001_wodcon_suction_pipe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Heggeler/2001_wodcon_suction_pipe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Miedema/wodcon2000%20miedema.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Miedema/wodcon2000%20miedema.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2001_WODCON_16_Miedema/wodcon2000%20miedema.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Hofstra/2000_WEDA_Hofstra.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Hofstra/WEDA2000_Backhoe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Hofstra/WEDA2000_Backhoe.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema/2000_WEDA_TAMU_Winches.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Miedema/2000_WEDA_TAMU_Winches.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Randall/2000_WEDA_Randall.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Randall/weda2000_simulator.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2000_WEDA_Randall/weda2000_simulator.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/1999_CanTho/Cantho.PDFhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1999_TAMU/CONSIDERATIONS%20on%20Limits%20of%20Dredging%20Processes.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/Miedema/1999_TAMU/CONSIDERATIONS%20on%20Limits%20of%20Dredging%20Processes.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/1999_TAMU/tamu99.htm


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Saturated Sand At Large Cutting Angles (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 4.8 MB))". To be

published in 2002.

66.Miedema, S.A., & Riet, E.J. van, & Matousek, V., "Theoretical Description AndNumerical Sensitivity Analysis On Wilson Model For Hydraulic Transport Of Solids

In Pipelines (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 147 kB)". WEDA Journal of Dredging

Engineering, March 2002.67.Miedema, S.A., & Ma, Y., "The Cutting of Water Saturated Sand at Large Cutting

Angles (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 3.6 MB)". Proc. Dredging02, May 5-8, Orlando,

Florida, USA.

68.Miedema, S.A., & Lu, Z., "The Dynamic Behavior of a Diesel Engine (AdobeAcrobat PDF-File 363 kB)". Proc. WEDA XXII Technical Conference & 34th Texas

A&M Dredging Seminar, June 12-15, Denver, Colorado, USA.

69.Miedema, S.A., & He, Y., "The Existance of Kinematic Wedges at Large CuttingAngles (Adobe Acrobat PDF-File 4 MB)". Proc. WEDA XXII Technical Conference

& 34th Texas A&M Dredging Seminar, June 12-15, Denver, Colorado, USA.

70.Ma, Y., Vlasblom, W.J., Miedema, S.A., Matousek, V., "Measurement of Density andVelocity in Hydraulic Transport using Tomography". Dredging Days 2002, Dredgingwithout boundaries, Casablanca, Morocco, V64-V73, 22-24 October 2002.

71.Ma, Y., Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., "Theoretical Simulation of theMeasurements Process of Electrical Impedance Tomography". Asian Simulation

Conference/5th International Conference on System Simulation and Scientific

Computing, Shanghai, 3-6 November 2002, p. 261-265, ISBN 7-5062-5571-5/TP.75.

72.Thanh, N.Q., & Miedema, S.A., "Automotive Electricity and Electronics". DelftUniversity of Technology and CICAT, Delft December 2002.

73.Miedema, S.A., Willemse, H.R., "Report on MHO5/6 Mission to Vietnam". DelftUniversity of Technology and CICAT, Delft Januari 2003.

74.Ma, Y., Miedema, S.A., Matousek, V., Vlasblom, W.J., "Tomography as aMeasurement Method for Density and Velocity Distributions". 23rd WEDA

Technical Conference & 35th TAMU Dredging Seminar, Chicago, USA, june 2003.

75.Miedema, S.A., Lu, Z., Matousek, V., "Numerical Simulation of a Development of aDensity Wave in a Long Slurry Pipeline". 23rd WEDA Technical Conference & 35th

TAMU Dredging Seminar, Chicago, USA, june 2003.

76.Miedema, S.A., Lu, Z., Matousek, V., "Numerical simulation of the development ofdensity waves in a long pipeline and the dynamic system behavior". Terra et Aqua,

No. 93, p. 11-23.

77.Miedema, S.A., Frijters, D., "The Mechanism of Kinematic Wedges at Large CuttingAngles - Velocity and Friction Measurements". 23rd WEDA Technical Conference

& 35th TAMU Dredging Seminar, Chicago, USA, june 2003.78.Tri, Nguyen Van, Miedema, S.A., Heijer, J. den, "Machine ManufacturingTechnology". Lecture notes, Delft University of Technology, Cicat and Cantho

University Vietnam, August 2003.

79.Miedema, S.A., "MHO5/6 Phase Two Mission Report". Report on a mission toCantho University Vietnam October 2003. Delft University of Technology and

CICAT, November 2003.

80.Zwanenburg, M., Holstein, J.D., Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., "The Exploitationof Cockle Shells". CEDA Dredging Days 2003, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,

November 2003.

81.Zhi, L., Miedema, S.A., Vlasblom, W.J., Verheul, C.H., "Modeling and Simulation ofthe Dynamic Behaviour of TSHD's Suction Pipe System by using Adams". CHIDADredging Days, Shanghai, China, november 2003.
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Notes/miedema/2003_weda_tamu_hydraulics/hydraulics.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2003_weda_tamu_hydraulics/hydraulics.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2003_WEDA_TAMU_tomography/2003%20WEDA_TAMU%20Tomography.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2003_WEDA_TAMU_tomography/2003%20WEDA_TAMU%20Tomography.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2003_cantho/cantho.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_shanghai_eit/2002_shanghai_eit.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_shanghai_eit/2002_shanghai_eit.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_CEDA_EIT/Measurement%20of%20Density%20and%20Velocity%20in%20Hydraulic%20Transport%20using%20Tomography.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_CEDA_EIT/Measurement%20of%20Density%20and%20Velocity%20in%20Hydraulic%20Transport%20using%20Tomography.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_tamu_cutting/2002_weda_tamu_cutting.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_tamu_cutting/2002_weda_tamu_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_tamu_cutting/2002_weda_tamu_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_tamu_diesel/2002_weda_tamu_diesel.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_tamu_diesel/2002_weda_tamu_diesel.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_tamu_diesel/2002_weda_tamu_diesel.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/MIEDEMA/2002_Dredging02/Miedema%20Dredging02.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/MIEDEMA/2002_Dredging02/2002_Dredging02_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/MIEDEMA/2002_Dredging02/2002_Dredging02_cutting.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_journal/wilson2002.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_journal/2002_dredgingengineering_wilson.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_journal/2002_dredgingengineering_wilson.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_weda_journal/2002_dredgingengineering_wilson.htmhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_China_Paper/China%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.dredgingengineering.com/dredging/media/LectureNotes/miedema/2002_China_Paper/2002_China_Paper.htm


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82.Miedema, S.A., "The Existence of Kinematic Wedges at Large Cutting Angles".CHIDA Dredging Days, Shanghai, China, november 2003.

83.Miedema, S.A., Lu, Z., Matousek, V., "Numerical Simulation of the Development ofDensity Waves in a Long Pipeline and the Dynamic System Behaviour". Terra et

Aqua 93, December 2003.

84.Miedema, S.A. & Frijters, D.D.J., "The wedge mechanism for cutting of watersaturated sand at large cutting angles". WODCON XVII, September 2004, HamburgGermany.

85.Verheul, O. & Vercruijsse, P.M. & Miedema, S.A., "The development of a conceptfor accurate and efficient dredging at great water depths". WODCON XVII,

September 2004, Hamburg Germany.

86.Miedema, S.A., "THE CUTTING MECHANISMS OF WATER SATURATEDSAND AT SMALL AND LARGE CUTTING ANGLES". International Conference

on Coastal Infrastructure Development - Challenges in the 21st Century. HongKong,

november 2004.

87.Ir. M. Zwanenburg , Dr. Ir. S.A. Miedema , Ir J.D. Holstein , Prof.ir. W.J.Vlasblom,"REDUCING THE DAMAGE TO THE SEA FLOOR WHEN DREDGINGCOCKLE SHELLS". WEDAXXIV & TAMU36, Orlando, Florida, USA, July 2004.

88.Verheul, O. & Vercruijsse, P.M. & Miedema, S.A., "A new concept for accurate andefficient dredging in deep water". Ports & Dredging, IHC, 2005, E163.

89.Miedema, S.A., "Scrapped?". Dredging & Port Construction, September 2005.90.Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., " Bureaustudie Overvloeiverliezen". In opdracht

van Havenbedrijf Rotterdam, September 2005, Confidential.

91.He, J., Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., "FEM Analyses Of Cutting Of AnisotropicDensely Compacted and Saturated Sand", WEDAXXV & TAMU37, New Orleans,

USA, June 2005.

92.Miedema, S.A., "The Cutting of Water Saturated Sand, the FINAL Solution".WEDAXXV & TAMU37, New Orleans, USA, June 2005.

93.Miedema, S.A. & Massie, W., "Selfassesment MSc Offshore Engineering", DelftUniversity of Technology, October 2005.

94.Miedema, S.A., "THE CUTTING OF WATER SATURATED SAND, THESOLUTION". CEDA African Section: Dredging Days 2006 - Protection of the

coastline, dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3, Tangiers, Morocco.

95.Miedema, S.A., "La solution de prlvement par dsagrgation du sable satur eneau". CEDA African Section: Dredging Days 2006 - Protection of the coastline,

dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3, Tangiers, Morocco.

96.Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., "THE CLOSING PROCESS OF CLAMSHELLDREDGES IN WATER-SATURATED SAND". CEDA African Section: DredgingDays 2006 - Protection of the coastline, dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3,

Tangiers, Morocco.

97.Miedema, S.A. & Vlasblom, W.J., "Le processus de fermeture des dragues bennepreneuse en sable satur". CEDA African Section: Dredging Days 2006 - Protection

of the coastline, dredging sustainable development, Nov. 1-3, Tangiers, Morocco.

98.Miedema, S.A. "THE CUTTING OF WATER SATURATED SAND, THESOLUTION". The 2nd China Dredging Association International Conference &

Exhibition, themed 'Dredging and Sustainable Development' and in Guangzhou,

China, May 17-18 2006.

99.Ma, Y, Ni, F. & Miedema, S.A., "Calculation of the Blade Cutting Force for smallCutting Angles based on MATLAB". The 2nd China Dredging Association
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