Conjunction

ConjunctionCepiana Abas

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Digunakan untuk menggabungkan anak kalimat dan induk kalimat dalam kalimat majemuk bertingkat disebut Subordinate Conjunction.

Digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat/bagian kalimat yang setara dalam kalimat majemuk disebut Coordinate Conjunction.

Conjunction

Kata Sambung

Coordinate Conjunction

And shows addition (tambahan). But shows contrast (lawan). Or shows alternation (pilihan). So shows reason (alasan).

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Menggabungkan dua bagian kalimat.The boys and the girls join the camping.

Menggabungkan dua kalimat.My husband washes the car, and I prepare the meal for picnic on Sunday.

Coordinate Conjunction (AND)

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Menggabungkan dua bagian kalimat.Anita is beautiful but lazy.

Menggabungkan dua kalimat. Ali has studies English for 3

years, but he cannot speak English fluently.

Coordinate Conjunction (BUT)

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Menggabungkan dua bagian kalimat.Do you want an apple or an orange?

Menggabungkan dua kalimat.Are you going to the party, or will you stay home?

Coordinate Conjunction (OR)

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Menggabungkan dua kalimat. The dress was very beautiful, so I

bought it.

Coordinate Conjunction (SO)

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Although shows contrast. Before, after, when, since, until

shows time. Because, since shows reason If shows condition.

Subordinate Conjunction

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Coordinate conjunction menghubungkan anak kalimat dengan induk kalimat.

Induk kalimat bisa berdiri sendiri sedangkan anak kalimat tidak, harus melekat pada induknya.

Coordinate conjunction ini merupakan bagian dari anak kalimat tersebut.

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He is not happy although he has a lot of money.

induk kalimat anak kalimat

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Anak kalimat bisa diletakkan diawal kalimat dengan catatan harus diberi koma.

Although he has a lot of money, He is not happy.

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1. Time When : ketika

I was in the mall when I saw him for the first time.

When I saw him for the first time, I was in the mall.

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Until : sampai

I waited for him until he came.

Until he came, I waited for him.

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Before : sebelum

- The man talked to the receptionist before he entered the office.

- Before he entered the office, the man talked to the receptionist.

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After (sesudah) I will help you after I finish my own

job.

After I finish my own job, I will help you.

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Since (sejak) Ratna had liked him since she met

him for the first time.

Since she met him for the first time, she had liked him.

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2. Alasan (reason) Because (karena)

• I left early because I was very tired.

• Because I was very tired, I left early.

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Since (karena)

• Hendra can't accompany me since he has to meet the headmaster.

• Since he has to meet the headmaster, Hendra can’t accompany me.

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3. Syarat (condition)

If (jika) I will come to her party if she

invites me.

If she invites me, I will come to her party.

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4. Pertentangan (contrast)

Although (meskipun) I will buy this pairs of shoes

although they are expensive.

Although this pairs of shoes are expensive, I will buy them.

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1. I have been interested in language…I was a child.a. ifb. sincec. becaused. until

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2. He made a lot of progress for this school … he became a principal.a. ifb. althoughc. whend. before

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3. It will be difficult to talk to her …you have hurt her felling.a. althoughb. whenc. untild. because

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4. …she left this school, I had never met her again.a. Althoughb. Ifc. Sinced. Before

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5. This glass is beautiful…fragile.a. andb. orc. butd. so

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6. Do you want to watch the film …will you stay home?a. andb. but c. ord. although

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7. Student : May I go out sir? Teacher : You are not allowed to go out…the bell rings. a. before

b. afterc. althoughd. because

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8. Son : Will father angry with me?

Mother : What have you done?Son : I got 4 for English.

Mother : Of course! He will be angry …you get a bad mark. It means you didn’t study hard.

a. ifb. becausec. afterd. until

jhklrjkjhlljgnhjjot

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9. Mira : How is your holiday?

Lily : It was great…it rains a lot.

We did many interesting things.

a. becauseb. untilc. whend. although

and .... too

You are a teacher, and I am too. She likes coffee, and I do too. I went to Bandung yesterdey, and

you did too. Rahma will study hard, and Syifa will

too. American people have built their

country, our nation have too. Mamat can speak Indonesia, Mr.

Obama can too.

and .... so

You are a teacher, and so am I. I like coffee, and so does he. I went to Bandung yesterdey, and so

did you. Rahma will study hard, and so will

syifa. American people have built their

country, and so have our nation. Mamat can speak Indonesia, so can

Mr. Obama.

Mike is angry.

John is angry, too.

Mike is angry, and John is, too.

Mike is angry, and so is John.

Mike John

Andy plays basketball well.

Ken plays basketball well, too.

Andy plays basketball well, and Ken does, too.

Andy plays basketball well, and so does Ken.

Andy

Ken

Tim fell into the well and Ben did, too.

Tim fell into the well, and so did Ben.

Tim fell into the well.

Ben fell into the well, too.

Ted has to take care of his kid.Frank has to take care of his kids, too.Ted has to take care of his kid, and Frank

does, too.Ted has to take care of his kid, and so does

Frank.

Ted Frank

Mom has been very busy.

Dad has been very busy, too.

Mom has been very busy and Dad has, too.

Mom has been very busy, and so has Dad.

Making sentences: …, too. ; so…

She is happy.

She is happy, So is Doraemon.

Doraemon is, too.


A: I like Jay’s songs.

D: So do I.

B: I like his songs, too.

C: I do, too.


Helen felt the earthquake.

So did Eric.

Eric did, too.

Helen

Eric


Nick has ridden the bike for three hours.

So has Andy.

Andy has, too.

Practice• chimps / have ten fingers / humans

• Chimps have ten_________, and humans do,_________.

• Chimps have _______ _______, and_______ do _______.

fingerstoo

fingerstenhumansso

Practice• Japan / usually has typhoons / Taiwan

• Japan usually _______ _________, and __________ _________, _________.

• Japan usually has _________, and ______ ________ ________.

has typhoonsTaiwan

sotyphoons

toodoes

does Taiwan

Practice• Mr.Chen / is rich / Mr.Wang

• Mr. Chen _________ rich, _______ Mr.Wang _________ __________.

• =__________________________________

is

andis

Mr. Chen is rich, and so is Mr. Wang.

,too

• He has finished/ finished his report and we have/did, too.

• He has finished/finished his report ,and so have/did we.

he / finished his report / we

Practice

• Her garden is beautiful, and mine is, too.

• Her garden is beautiful, and so is mine.

her garden / beautiful / mine

Practice

and .... either

Mr. Amin Rais is not a president, and Mr. Izha Mahendra is not either.

Mr. Icuk Sugiarto was not a football player, and Mr. Chris John wasn’t either.

Everyday my son doesn’t have breakfast, and your daughter doesn’t either.

Yesterday, the lecturer didn’t come to the class, and the students didn’t either.

Raka and Rai won’t go to Paris, and Susan won’t either.

We must not drink alcohol, and all muslim must not either.

and .... neither

Mr. Amin Rais is not a president, and neither is Mr. Izha Mahendra.

Mr. Icuk Sugiarto was not a football player, and neither was Mr. Chris John.

Everyday my son doesn’t have breakfast, and neither does your daughter.

Yesterday, the lecturer didn’t come to the class, and neither did the students.

Raka and Rai won’t go to Paris, and neither will Susan.

We must not drink alcohol, and neither must all muslim.

Mr. Cheng had no time to sleep.

Neither did Mr. Wang.

Mr. Wang didn’t, either.

Making sentences: …either; neither…

Mr. ChengMr. Wang

Practice

John / not tall / three years ago / Kevin

John was not tall three years ago, ____ Kevin _________, ___________.

John was not tall three years ago, and _________ _________ Kevin.

andwasn’t either

wasneither

The girl / can’t count well / the boy

The girl _________________________,

and the boy ______________________.

=The___________________________, and

neither __________________________.

can’t count well

girl can’t count well

can’t, either.

can the boy.

Lisa / not interested in horror movies / I

Lisa _____ not _________ in horror movies,

___________________________.

=________________________________

_________________________________

is interestedand I am not, either.

and neither am I.

Lisa isn’t interested in horror movies,

David / never late for school / Peter and Mary

____________________________________

____________________________________

David is never late for school, and Peter

and Mary are not, either.

David is never late for school, and neither are Peter and Mary.

Mike’s parents will not go out tonight / Mike

___________________________________

___________________________________

Mike’s parents will not go out tonight, and

Mike won’t, either.

Mike’s parents will not go out tonight, and

neither will Mike.

Steve / could not understand the math problem / Daisy

__________________________________

__________________________________

Steve couldn’t understand the math problem, and Daisy couldn’t, either.

Steve couldn’t understand the math problem, and neither could Daisy.

1. Tina has a runny nose, and Jerry does, too.

Tina has a runny nose, and so does Jerry

2. Taiwan will have typhoons and Japan will, too.

Taiwan will have typhoons, and so will Japan.

3 David wears a helmet when riding a motorcycle, and Kevin does, too.

David wears a helmet when riding a motorcycle, and so does Kevin.

both .... and

Both my mother and my father are here.

Tsalsa was both talented and beautiful.

He writes both correctly and neatly. Yesterday, I went to both Asia Plaza

and Mayasari Plaza. I must study both English and Arabic. I must study English as well as

Arabic

either .... or

You can either come with me now or walk home.

Please buy me either an apple or an orange.

Either you or I am tired of listening to him.

Either you leave this house or I’ll call the

police.Baiknya kamu angkat kaki dari rumah ini, jika tidak saya

akan telepon Polisi.

either .... or (tambahan)

Come on Tuesday or Wednesday! Either day is OK.

Datanglah boleh Selasa atau Rabu. Hari mana saja tak apa-apa.

Has either of your parents visited you?

Apakah salah satu orang tuamu sudah menengok mu?

There were roses on either side of the door.

Terdapat bunga mawar di tiap sisi pintu.

neither .... nor

Neither James nor Virginia was at home.

I neither smoke nor drink.

neither .... nor (tambahan)

Neither question is relevant.Tak ada pertanyaan yang relevan.

Neither of students is male.Tak ada pertanyaan yang relevan.

Translate to Indonesia!

Neither student is capable of solving this quiz.

Neither Setiawan nor Seanu has ever lived in Washington.

She doesn’t want to live here, and neither does he.

Either she or he is satisfied with the food.

Call me in the afternoon or in the evening. Either time is fine.

Thank You

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Conjunction