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7/23/2019 Business Conjunction
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Business English at Work
2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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Business English at Work
ConjunctionsConjunctions
Objectives
Identify clauses and sentences.Use coordinating and correlative conjunctions
correctly.
Use suordinating conjunctions and conjunctive
advers correctly.Use correct !unctuation in sentences containing
coordinating" correlative" or suordinating
conjunctions or conjunctive advers.
PP 15-1acontinuedcontinued
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Objectives
PP 15-1b
continuedcontinued
Identify correct !arallel structure in sentences.#istinguis$ etween conjunctions and
!re!ositions.
Use co%%only confused conjunction
e&!ressions correctly.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Independent Clauses
PP 15-2
'n independent clause(or %ain clause) can
stand alone as a co%!lete sentence. ' clause$as a co%!lete suject and !redicate.
Proper nutrition helps stabilize your moods.
Stress is emotional tension caused by everydayevents in our lives.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Dependent Clause
PP 15-3a
' dependent clause(or suordinate clause)
also contains a suject and a !redicate*$owever" a de!endent clause is not a
co%!lete sentence and cannot stand alone.
' de!endent clause re+uires an inde!endentclause to %a,e sense.
' de!endent clause %ay a!!ear efore or
after an inde!endent clause.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Dependent Clause
PP 15-3b
&a%!les
continuedcontinued
Before Vivian leaves work for the day,she
organizes her desk.
Judi recommends exercising after a stressful
day.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
!pes o" #entences
PP 15-$
i%!le
o%!ound
o%!le&
o%!ound-o%!le&
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
#i%ple #entence
PP 15-5
' si%!le sentence consists of one co%!lete
suject and one co%!lete !redicate. $esuject" t$e !redicate" or ot$ %ay e
co%!ound.
Audrey had a demanding day at work.Audrey and Bruce work in the same office.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Co%pound #entence
PP 15-&
' co%!ound sentence consists of two si%!le
inde!endent clauses connected y a conjunctionsuc$ as or, and, nor,or but.
Audrey had a demanding day at work butshe is
looking forward to having dinner with friends.Anger is meant to intimidate other people and
this often appears to be true.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Co%ple' #entence
PP 15-(
' co%!le& sentence contains an inde!endent
clause and one or %ore de!endent clauses.
!f you have been a victim in the downsizing of a
company you have experienced stress.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Co%pound-Co%ple' #entence
PP 15-)
' co%!ound-co%!le& sentence contains %ore
t$an one inde!endent clause and one or %orede!endent clauses.
"elaxation techni#ues help reverse coronary
disease$ however since this beneficial healthinformation is not widely publicized not all doctors
know about this philosophy of health care.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-*a
1oin words" !$rases" or clauses t$at are e+ual
in gra%%atical construction and i%!ortance.
and or but nor
Insert a co%%a efore a coordinating
conjunction t$at se!arates two inde!endentclauses.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-*b
Use buttoe&!ress a contrasting idea.
continuedcontinued
%ome&based business owners usually en'oy their workbutthey can become the victims of burnout.
Use andto s$ow an addition.(our thoughts andreactions to events can influence your
health.
Use orto indicate a c$oice.)ee copes with stress by meditating orby making 'okes
about difficult situations.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-*c
Use norto %a,e a second c$oice negative.
continuedcontinued
)iz and *ony did not agree on the topics for the stressmanagement workshop nordid they agree on the
speakers.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-*d
#o not use a co%%a efore a coordinating
conjunction t$at lin,s two words or !$rases.
continuedcontinued
"elaxation can in'ect happiness and fulfillment into your
daily routine.
#o not use a co%%a efore a conjunction if
t$e %aterial following t$e conjunction is not aco%!lete sentence.)osing your temper may get attention but usually makes
the situation worse.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-*e
Use co%%as to se!arate t$ree or %ore words"
!$rases" or clauses in a series.Include a co%%a efore t$e coordinating
conjunction.
continuedcontinued
+ays to reduce stress include yoga,meditation,and
exercise.#o not !lace a co%%a after t$e last ite% in a
series.Joanne usually chooses soup, salad,or a pasta dish for
lunch.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Correlati+e Conjunctions
PP 15-1,a
1oin words" !$rases" and sentences of e+ual
i%!ortance.'!!ear in !airs" and ot$ !arts receive t$e
sa%e attention.
both,andeither,or
whether,or
neither,nornot only,but also
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Correlati+e Conjunctions
PP 15-1,b
&a%!les
EitherBernice or)auren determines the work
schedule.
*he speaker not onlydescribed the benefits of
laughter but alsorelated some personal storiesto illustrate her point.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
#ubordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-11a
Introduce a de!endent clause and lin, it to an
inde!endent clause.Use a suordinating conjunction to introduce a
de!endent clause.
lace t$e co%%a after a de!endent clauset$at egins a sentence.
Whenever Lynn has a break,she takes a walk around
the block.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
#ubordinating Conjunctions
PP 15-11b
Generally" do not use a co%%a efore a
de!endent clause t$at a!!ears at t$e end of asentence.
-ur company hired Jack because he has
strong conflict resolution skills.
continuedcontinued
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Conjuncti+e d+erbs
PP 15-12a
$ow t$e relations$i! etween two inde!endent
clauses of e+ual weig$t. $e words are advers"ut t$ey also function as connectors.
Use a se%icolon efore a conjunctive adver w$en it
joins two inde!endent clauses.Use a co%%a after a conjunctive adver of two or
%ore syllales.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Conjuncti+e d+erbs
PP 15-12b
continuedcontinued
conse+uently furt$er%ore $ence
$owever indeed instead
li,ewise %oreover nevert$eless
ot$erwise si%ilarly still
t$erefore t$us
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Conjuncti+e d+erbs
PP 15-12c
continuedcontinued
&a%!les
xercise can reduce lower&back pain; nevertheless,you should see a doctor before beginning an exercise
program.
/hris and ! planned to eat lunch together; instead,!
ate a sandwich at my desk.! felt isolated and stressed working at home;
therefore,! re#uested a transfer to a local branch
office.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Parallelis%
PP 15-13a
arallelis% is t$e lin,ing toget$er of si%ilar
gra%%atical !arts in a sentence.o $ave !arallel sentence structure" si%ilar
constructions s$ould e connected suc$ as nouns
to ot$er nouns" vers to ot$er vers" or clauses to
ot$er clauses.oordinating conjunctions or correlative
conjunctions join t$ese !arallel !arts of a sentence.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Parallelis%
PP 15-13b
continuedcontinued
&a%!les
"elaxation can include readingfor pleasureplayingwith your child orparticipatingin sports
activities.
-ne way to fight stress is to discuss your problems
with either a friendor a relative.(ou can calm bothyour mind andyour body by
thinking positive thoughts.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Conjunctions and Prepositions
PP 15-1$a
#eter%ine t$e a!!ro!riate function of a word
in a sentence. o%e words %ay e ot$!re!ositions and conjunctions* for e&a%!le"
before, after, until, for, than,and since.
Use a conjunction to connect clauses.She will not load the software untilshe finishes thereport.
"ick always arrives at work afterhe drops off his
children at school.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Conjunctions and Prepositions
PP 15-1$b
Use a !re!osition w$en an oject is e&!ressed
or understood* conjunctions do not $aveojects.
She will not load the software until0riday.
"ick always arrives at work after1 p.m.
continuedcontinued
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Try To, Be ure To, !o To
PP 15-15
#o not use e&!ressions suc$ as try and" go
and" and be sure andw$en t$e infinitive for%is needed. Use try to, go to,and be sure to.
! would like to try todetermine my own work
schedule this week.Be sure tocall me when you want to take a
break.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
"s, "s if, "s Though, Like
PP 15-1&
Use t$e conjunctions as, as if,or asthough
to introduce a suordinate clause. $e clausewill $ave a ver in it.)inda acts as ifshe is overworked.
Use t$e !re!osition liketo introduce a
!re!ositional !$rase. $e !re!ositional
!$rase will not contain a ver.2atherine wants a consulting 'ob likemine.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
"s . . . "s, o . . ."s
PP 15-1(
Use as . . . asin !ositive co%!arisons.
2aren is aseffective asJoe in handling iratecustomers.
Use so . . . asin negative co%!arisons.
2aren is not soeffective asJoe in handling iratecustomers.
#o not use e#ually as" w$ic$ is a redundant
!$rase.
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ConjunctionsConjunctions
Where, That
PP 15-1)
#o not use t$e conjunction whereinstead of
thatto introduce a clause t$at includes areference to a location.
! read in a magazine thatthinking about past
mistakes causes stress. 34o not use ! read in a
magazine where . . . .5
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End o"