Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

• Summarize how the Persian Wars affected Greece.

• Explain how Pericles instituted a direct democracy in Athens.

• Understand the causes and effects of the Peloponnesian War.

Objectives

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Terms and People

• alliance – a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense

• Pericles – Greek statesman during Athens’ golden age

• direct democracy – a system of government in which citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of government

• stipend – a fixed salary

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Terms and People (continued)

• jury – a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial

• ostracism – a process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of years

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

How did war with invaders and conflict among Greeks affect the city-states?

Greek city-states often fought one another.

However, when Greeks were threatened by the Persians, they eventually united to defend their independence.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

The Athenian leader Themistocles knew they would be attacked again.

Athens joined with Sparta and other Greek city-states to fight a new Persian invasion.

Persians conquered a huge empire in Asia, including the Greek city-state Ionia.

Athens sent ships to help the Ionians. The Persians decided to punish them.

The Persians invaded Athens, but the Athenians, although outnumbered, were victorious.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Athenians lured Persian ships to a narrow strait and sank them.

The Persians defeated the Spartans and moved on to Athens, but it was empty. Its inhabitants had withdrawn.

When the Persians arrived as Themistocles predicted, they were greeted by Spartan warriors.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

The Persian invasions ended when the Greeks defeated them on land.

It organized a formal alliance with other Greek city-states called

the Delian League.

Athens used its leadership position to create an empire, dominating the other members.

Athens emerged from the war as the most powerful city-state.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Athens experienced a golden age from 460 B.C. to 429 B.C.

Even poor men could serve in government, because those who participated in the assembly received a stipend.

Pericles, a skilled statesman, led Athens during this period.

At this time, Athens was a direct democracy.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Athenians could serve on a jury, which at that time could consist of hundreds or thousands of jurors.

Citizens could vote to banish public figures from the city in a process called ostracism.

During this Age of Pericles, Athens prospered.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Athens became the cultural center of Greece, encouraging the arts through festivals and

building programs.

This increased the city’s prosperity because it gave jobs to artisans and workers.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Sparta conquered Athens in 404 B.C. and Greek dominion declined.

War broke out between Athens and Sparta in 431 B.C.

This became known as the Peloponnesian War and lasted 27 years.

Not everyone was happy with Athenian domination. Enemies of Athens, including Sparta, formed the Peloponnesian League.

Conflict in the Greek World

Section 3

Section Review

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