Warm-Up

What were Pericles’ goals for Athens, and how did he achieve

them?

Alexander the Great

Ruler of the World

WHI/Valli

Setting the Stage

• The Peloponnesian War has ended.

• Both Sparta and Athens, and most of the other city-states, had weakened defenses resulting from the extended fighting (27 years) of the Peloponnesian War.

Philip II Conquers Greece• Philip II, King of Macedon,

conquered nearby lands, then turned to Greek city-states– Greeks were weak and

disorganized after Peloponnesian War

• Philip II conquered most of Greece by 338 BCE (know this date!)• His dictatorial rule ended

Greek democracy

• Used the Phalanx with Sarissas, then calvary to beat enemies

A "sarissa" was an 18-ft. long spear used by the Macedonians. Most other armies at the time utilized a

spear only half as long as the sarissa. It ended the era of the Greek "hoplite" warfare.

Talk to a Neighbor

Who was Phillip II and what did he do?

He was the King of MacedonHe conquered most of Greece by

338 BCE

Talk to your Neighbor

Why were the Greek city-states open to an attack

by Philip?Because the Peloponnesian War

had left Greece weak and disorganized

Alexander Takes Over

• Philip prepared to attack Persia, but was assassinated in 336 B.C.E.

• His 20-year-old son, Alexander, quickly took the throne

                                                                               

OlympiaAlexander’s mother

OlympiaAlexander’s mother

PhilipAlexander’s

father

PhilipAlexander’s

father

Alexander’s Parents

Alexander Defeats Persia

• Alexander had been tutored by Greek scholars (like Aristotle) & trained in the army

• Greek city-state of Thebes rebelled and was destroyed by Alexander

• Alexander moved to Anatolia; attacked and defeated the Persians

• Alexander turned south and was welcomed as a liberator by Egypt. He was made a Pharaoh. Egyptians were tired of being controlled by the Persians

• He controlled Persian Empire by 331 B.C.E

Alexander’s Other Conquests

• Armies reached India’s Indus River Valley in 326 B.C.E. His horse, Bucephalus, was killed there.

• Alexander wanted to keep going, but armies insisted on turning back

• Returned to Babylon in 323 B.C.E.; Alexander fell ill, and died at age 32

• He had established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India

• At his death, Ptolemy took control of Egypt and the remainder of the Empire was divvied up.

Alexander’s Empire

Talk to your Neighbor

Did Alexander conquer China? If not, then how far

eastward in Asia did Alexander build his empire?

He did not go to China. He went as far as the Indus

Valley (India)

CLOSE

• Complete Classwork—Read and Answer (Individual work)

• Answers due at the end of class

• Be neat, if I can’t read it, it gets marked wrong