CONFINED SPACE OPERATION.PPT

8/21/2019 CONFINED SPACE OPERATION.PPT

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Brought to you by:

CORPORATESAFETY TRAINING

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146

CONFINED SPACE

OPERATIONSFOR SUPERVISORS


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Confined Space - SLIDE 2 OF 138

ABOUT THIS COURSE

This course is intended to provide a enera! overvie" o# the

sa#et$ re!ated "or% practices t$pica!!$ e&p!o$ed to provide

a sa#e and hea!th#u! "or%in environ&ent #or co&pan$

e&p!o$ees' visitors and su()contractors reardin the

"or%p!ace ha*ards associated "ith con#ined spaces+ Itprovides trainin in the sa#e)"or% concepts and techni,ues

re,uired ($ the Occupationa! Sa#et$ and Hea!th

Ad&inistration -OSHA. to ensure "or%p!ace sa#et$+

/our sa#et$ is critica!+ 0here $ou are unsure o# a particu!arcourse o# action reardin this topic' $ou shou!d sa#e!$

secure $our "or% area and report to $our supervisor+

/OUR SAFET/ IS CRITICA12


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COURSE OB3ECTIVES

Esta(!ish Con#ined Space4s Ro!e in Toda$4s Industr$+

Discuss OSHA4S re,uire&ents #or Con#ined Spaces+

Discuss Princip!e Ha*ards invo!ved "ith CS Entr$+

Discuss Basic S%i!!s in Ha*ard Reconition 5 Contro!+

Discuss Con#ined Space Assess&ent Techni,ues+

Discuss Con#ined Space Fa!! Protection S$ste&s+

Discuss Ha*ards Associated "ith Fa!! Protection+

Discuss Rescue and Retrieva! Re,uire&ents+

OB3ECTIVES

0HAT 0E 0I11 COVER DURIN6 THIS TRAININ62


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BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

0H/ THIS TRAININ6 IS ESSENTIA1 TO /OUR SAFET/ AT 0OR72

8+9 :i!!ion 0or%ers Enter Con#ined Spaces Annua!!$+

The Standard Is E;pected To Reduce Accidents B$ +

Untrained Rescuers Account For 9?> O# Annua! Deaths+

:ost 0or%ers 0ho Survive 1ose Ti&e Fro& Their 3o(+

This Trainin He!ps I&prove2

Sa#et$ :ora!e

Productivit$ E&p!o$ee "e!!)(ein


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Confined Space - SLIDE OF 138

COURSE ATTENDEES

E&p!o$ee 0ho Co&e Into Contact 0ith Che&ica!s+

E&p!o$ee 0ho Co&e Into Contact 0ith Ha*ardous :ateria!s+

An$ E&p!o$ee Re,uired to Use a :ateria! Sa#et$ Data Sheet+

Faci!it$ Enineers+

Process Enineers+

Sa#et$ Co&&ittees+

Corporate :anaers+

Depart&ent :anaers+

First 1ine Supervisors+

:aintenance Depart&ents+

Accident Investiation Tea& :e&(ers+

0HO SHOU1D ATTEND THIS TRAININ6 SESSION2


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ABOUT THIS COURSE

THE TRUTH2 Con#ined Space Operations Trainin 1itera!!$

Can Save /our 1i#e+ The 7e$ to Sa#e and Success#u! Entries

Into Co&p!e; Con#ined Spaces Is E;traordinar$ Prep!annin'

Preparation' E,uippin' Trainin and Practice+ For Retrieva!s'Actua! Practice Re&ova!s Usin Vo!unteers or Du&&ies to

6et the Fee! o# Rea! 1i#e Victi& Hand!in Is Essentia!+ P!an #or

A!! Eventua!ities That Cou!d Conceiva(!$ Occur+ Fai!in to

P!an :eans P!annin to Fai!+ Never Underesti&ate the

Ha*ards Associated 0ith Con#ined Spaces+ Con#ined Space

Operations Are A10A/S a Tea& E##ort+

FOR0ARD2

P1EASE READ


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Confined Space - SLIDE ! OF 138

RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD

FEDERA1 ) @ CFR 8?+8

E:P1O/ERS :UST2 Furnish a P!ace o# E&p!o$&ent Free o#Reconi*ed Ha*ards That Are Causin or Are 1i%e!$ to Cause Death

or Serious Ph$sica! Har& to E&p!o$ees+ E&p!o$ers :ust Co&p!$

0ith Occupationa! Sa#et$ and Hea!th Standards Pro&u!ated Under

the 0i!!ia&s)Steier Occupationa! Sa#et$ and Hea!th Act o# 8?+

OSHA ACT OF 8?

Purpose2 The 6enera! Dut$ C!ause Provides En#orce&ent Action

0here No Speci#ic OSHA Reu!ations Cover a Particu!ar Ha*ard+

THE 6ENERA1 DUT/ C1AUSE2


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RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD

8+8 ) @?? ) Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents For Con#ined Space Operations+

ANSI ) A&erican Nationa! Standards Institute2

A8?+8 ) 88 ) Re,uire&ents For Sa#et$ Be!ts' 1an$ards And1i#e!ines For Construction And De&o!ition Use+

=+8 ) 8@ ) Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents For Fa!! Arrest S$ste&s+

Safety Requirements

For Personal Fall

Arrest Systems,

Subsystems And

Components.

Sa#et$In

Con#inedSpaces

RE6U1ATIONS THAT APP1/ TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS2


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RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD

CONTENTS OF @ CFR 88?+892

A+ Scope and App!ication ) Practices and Procedures+

B+ De#initions+

C+ 6enera! Re,uire&ents+

D+ Per&it)re,uired Con#ined Space Prora&+

E+ Per&it S$ste&+

F+ Entr$ Per&it+

6+ Trainin Re,uire&ents+

H+ Duties o# Authori*ed Entrants+

I+ Duties o# Attendants+

3+ Duties o# Entr$ Supervisors+

7+ Rescue and E&erenc$ Services+


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RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD

APPENDICES TO @ CFR 88?+892

Appendi; A ) Per&it)re,uired Con#ined Space Decision F!o" Chart+

Appendi; B ) Procedures #or At&ospheric Testin+

Appendi; C ) Per&it)re,uired Con#ined Space Prora&s+

Appendi; D ) Con#ined Space Entr$ Per&it -Non&andator$.+Appendi; E ) Se"er S$ste& Entr$ -Non&andator$.+


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RE6U1ATOR/ STANDARD

@CFR ) SAFET/ AND HEA1TH STANDARDS

88? ) 6ENERA1 INDUSTR/

89 ) CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS

OSHA ) Occupationa! Sa#et$ 5 Hea!th Ad&inistration2

3an 8' 8 ) Enacted+

Apr 8=' 8 ) Fina! Ru!e Too% E##ect+

RE6U1ATIONS THAT APP1/ TO CONFINED SPACE OPERATIONS2


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6ENERA1 PRO6RA: REUIRE:ENTS

Institute Sa#e 0or% Practices+

Revie" 3o( Speci#ic CS Ha*ards+

Conduct CS Ha*ard Assess&ents+

Post Daner Sins Near Con#ined Spaces+

Certi#$ That Assess&ents Have Been Done+

Provide Trainin To A!! Re,uired E&p!o$ees+

Coordinate CS Operations 0ith Contractors+

Insta!! Enineerin Contro!s 0here Possi(!e+

Institute Ad&inistrative Contro!s 0here Possi(!e+

Contro! Ha*ards Usin PPE As A 1ast Resort+

A11 E:P1O/ERS :UST2


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TRAININ6 REUIRE:ENTS

THE E:P1O/ER :UST PROVIDE TRAININ62 CS Entr$ Re,uire&ents+

Reconition O# CS Ha*ards+

The 1i&itations O# CS E,uip&ent+

The Proper Use O# CS E,uip&ent+

0hen CS E,uip&ent Is Necessar$+

0hat CS E,uip&ent Is Necessar$+

Care And :aintenance O# CS PPE+

The Re,uire&ents and Procedures #or Rescue+

Trainin :ust Esta(!ish Pro#icienc$+

Train A!! E&p!o$ees Prior To 3o( Assin&ent+


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RETRAININ6 REUIRE:ENTS

REUIRED 0HEN THERE IS A2 Prora& Re!ated InGur$+

A Near :issC!ose Ca!!+

Ne" 0or%)Area Ha*ard+

Chane in 3o( Assin&ent+

Ne" E,uip&ent Introduced+

Ne" Ha*ard Contro! :ethods+

Fai!ure in 0ritten 0or% Procedures+

Fai!ure in the Sa#et$ 0or% Practices+

Reason to Dou(t E&p!o$ee Pro#icienc$+

0hen a Speci#ic Sa#et$ Reu!ation Re,uires Re#resher Trainin+


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TRAININ6 IS I:PORTANT

A 6OOD PRO6RA: 0I11 HE1P2 Reduce Fata!ities+

Reduce InGur$ and I!!ness Rates+

Acceptance o# Hih)turnover 3o(s+

0or%ers Fee! Better A(out Their 0or%+

Reduce 0or%ers4 Co&pensation Costs+

E!evate Sa#et$ to a Hiher 1eve! o# A"areness+

SAFET/TRAININ6


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PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION

PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION REUIRES2

NOTE2

UNDERSTANDIN6 AND SUPPORT FRO: THE 0OR7 FORCE

IS ESSENTIA1' 0ITHOUT IT THE PRO6RA: 0I11 FAI1

Dedication+

Persona! Interest+

:anae&ent Co&&it&ent+


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Confined Space - SLIDE 1! OF 138


DEVE1OP:ENT SEUENCE2

Esta(!ish Responsi(i!it$+

Esta(!ish Po!ic$ and Deve!op Ru!es+

Conduct a Con#ined Space Ha*ard Ana!$sis o# the Faci!it$+

Deter&ine Appropriate Con#ined Space Ha*ard Contro! :easures+

E!i&inate Con#ined Spaces 0here Possi(!e+

Provide Protection 0here Ha*ard E!i&ination Is Not Possi(!e+

Conduct Trainin+

Per#or& Inspections and :aintenance+

Periodica!!$ Audit the Prora&+ :odi#$ Po!icies and Ru!es As Appropriate+


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6oa! ) E!i&inate or Reduce Con#ined Space Ha*ards B$2

8+ E!i&ination o# Potentia! 0or% Areas Havin Con#ined Spaces+

@+ Su(stitution o# E,uip&ent Havin Con#ined Spaces+

+ I&p!e&entation o# Presurve$ed Enineerin Contro!s+

+ Providin Ade,uate 0arnins to E&p!o$ees+

=+ I&p!e&entation o# Sa#er 0or% Procedures+

9+ I&p!e&entation o# Revised Trainin+

+ Use o# Persona! Protective E,uip&ent+

DEVE1OP:ENT SEUENCE2


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I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/

RECO6NITION

EVA1UATION CONTRO1

PRO6RA: I:P1E:ENTATION STRATE6/2


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RECO6NITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAARDS2

Assess&ent O# Con#ined Space Ha*ards Inc!udes2

RECO6NITION

Site 1ocations Havin Con#ined Spaces+

3o(s Re,uirin Con#ined Space Entries+

3o(s1ocations Havin Had Recent Operationa! Chanes+

3o(s1ocations 0ith Ne" E,uip&ent or Processes+

Ne" 3o(s Havin 1itt!e or No Statistica! InGur$ Data+


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Prioriti*ation Considerations2

RECO6NITION

1i%e!ihood That the Operation 0i!! Have an InGur$+

Conse,uences o# an InGur$ at the 0or%site+

Severit$ o# InGuries As a Resu!t o# a CS Entr$+

The 1enth E;posure to the Con#ined Space Ha*ard+

Procedures Necessar$ #or Retrieva! or Rescue+

RECO6NITION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAARDS2


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Eva!uation2

EVA1UATION

EVA1UATION OF SITE CONFINED SPACE HAARDS2

An Eva!uation o# the 1ocation o# Site Con#ined Spaces+

An Eva!uation o# the Nature or Use o# Site Con#ined Spaces+

An Eva!uation o# the Ha*ards 0ithin Site Con#ined Spaces+

3o(s1ocations 0ith a Hih Incidence o# CS InGur$+

3o(s1ocations 0ith a Hih Incidence o# CS JC!ose)Ca!!s+K

A Deter&ination o# the Site Sa#et$ Contro! :easures+


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Contro!2

CONTRO1 ON HAARDS 0ITHIN THE 0OR7 ENVIRON:ENT2

CONTRO1

I&p!e&entation o# Strateies Desined to E!i&inate Site

Con#ined Spaces+

I&p!e&entation o# Predeter&ined Contro! :easures Desined

to E!i&inate or Reduce Con#ined Space Ha*ards+ Fo!!o")up Eva!uations at Predeter&ined Interva!s to Ensure

Contro! :easures Are Continua!!$ E##ective+


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Capita! I&prove&ent P!an to E!i&inated Spaces+

Costs Invo!ved in I&p!e&entin Contro! :easures+

1enth o# Ti&e Necessar$ #or I&p!e&entation+

1eve! o# Urenc$ in I&p!e&entation+

Co&pati(i!it$ 0ith E;istin Contro!s+

Anticipated Pro(!e&s 0ith E&p!o$ee Use+

CONTRO1 :EASURES2

CONTRO1

Contro! :easures Considerations2


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7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS

7E/ PRO6RA: E1E:ENTS INC1UDE2

Trainin+

0ritten Prora&+

Sa#et$ Co&&ittee+

Per&it Usae And Annua! Revie"+

Con#ined Space Ha*ard Assess&ents+

Con#ined Space Ha*ard Prevention And Contro!+


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CONFINED SPACE TRAININ62

3o()speci#ic Ha*ard Trainin+

Trainin For Faci!it$ Enineers+

Annua! A"areness Trainin+

Schedu!ed Re#resher Trainin+

Retrainin Based On Pro#icienc$ De#iciencies+

Trainin For2

A##ected E&p!o$ees+

:anaers+

Supervisors+ :aintenance Personne!+

ContractorsL


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SITE ASSESS:ENTS2

Con#ined Space Assess&ents2

S$ste&atic Site Ana!$sis+

Depart&enta! Surve$s+

3o( Ha*ard Ana!$sis+


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SAFET/ CO::ITTEE CONSIDERATIONS ) 6ENERA12

Deve!op A Charter+

Docu&ent :eetins+

Ho!d Reu!ar :eetins+

Encourae E&p!o$ee Invo!ve&ent+

Provided Feed(ac% 0ithout Fear O# Reprisa!+

:a%e Reco&&endations For Corrective Action+

Ana!$*e Statistica! Data Concernin 3o( Ha*ards

Brin Co&p!aints' Or Suestions To :anae&ent+

Consider I&p!e&entation o# a Suestion Prora&+ Fo!!o")up At Predeter&ined Interva!s+

Consider An Incentive Prora&+

Be F!e;i(!e+


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Inc!ude CS Ha*ard Topics Durin Reu!ar :eetins+

Ana!$*e Statistica! Data Concernin Con#ined Space Ha*ards+

:a%e Reco&&endations to :anae&ent #or Corrective Action+

Consider Sa#et$ Posters' Brochures Etc+

Encourae E&p!o$ee Invo!ve&ent in the CS Prora&+

Consider I&p!e&entation o# a Suestion Prora&+

Understand That Fo!!o")up Is Critica!+

SAFET/ CO::ITTEE CONSIDERATIONS ) CS PRO6RA:2



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Support The CS Prora&+

Ensure /our Support Is Visi(!e+

Visi(!e Support Adds Credi(i!it$+

6et Invo!ved In CS Sa#et$+ 1earn

I&p!e&ent 0a$s To :easure E##ectiveness+

Audit The Faci!it$ To Deter&ine Speci#ic Sa#et$ Needs+

Attend The Sa&e Trainin As /our 0or%ers+

Interact 0ith /our 0or%ers' 1earn Their Pro(!e&s+

Insist On Periodic Fo!!o")up 5 Prora& Revie"+ Fo!!o")up On The Actions /ou Too%+

CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: ) :ANA6E:ENT CONSIDERATIONS2



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Support The CS Prora&+

Ensure /our Support Is Visi(!e+

Visi(!e Support Adds Credi(i!it$+

6et Invo!ved In CS Sa#et$+ 1earn

Beco&e A :ode! For Sa#e Behavior+

Never Ridicu!e An$ InGur$ or Near :iss+

Find 0a$s to :easure 0or% P!ace Sa#et$+

Attend The Sa&e Trainin As /our 0or%ers+

Audit ) To Deter&ine CS Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents+ Be Pro#essiona! ) /ou Cou!d Save a 1i#e Toda$+

Pro&pt!$ Initiate An$ Needed Corrective Actions+

Reu!ar!$ Fo!!o")up On An$ Corrective Actions Ta%en+

CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: ) SUPERVISOR CONSIDERATIONS2


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6et Invo!ved In The CS Sa#et$ Prora&+

Contri(ute To :a%e Corrective Actions+

Understand Ho" Site Spaces A##ect /our Sa#et$+

Report A!! Accidents And Near)&isses I&&ediate!$+ Be Proactive And Pro#essiona!+

Report A!! CS Sa#et$ Pro(!e&s Or De#iciencies+

Fo!!o")up 0ith An$ Additiona! In#or&ation+

Be A :entor For 1ess E;perienced E&p!o$ees+

CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: ) E:P1O/EE CONSIDERATIONS:



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0RITTEN PRO6RA:S :UST BE2

Deve!oped+

I&p!e&ented+

Contro!!ed+

Periodica!!$ Revie"ed+

And :ust2

Be Understood+

Be Site)Speci#ic+

Assin Responsi(i!it$+

Be Su##icient!$ Detai!ed+ Be Periodica!!$ Revie"ed+

Be 0ritten to the Taret 0or% 6roup+

Be 0ritten to an Appropriate Educationa! 1eve!+


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PRO6RA: EVA1UATION TECHNIUES INC1UDE2

Con#ined Space Ha*ard Assess&ents+

3o( Ha*ard Ana!$sis Assess&ents+

E&p!o$ee Surve$s+

Revie" o# Resu!ts o# Faci!it$ Eva!uations+

Ana!$sis o# Trends in Con#ined Space InGur$ Rates+

Up)to)date Records o# 1os o# Con#ined Space Ha*ard

I&prove&ents Tried or I&p!e&ented+

Be#ore and A#ter Surve$seva!uations o# 3o("or%site Con#ined

Space Protection Chanes+



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:ETHODS OF HAARD CONTRO12

CS Ha*ard Prevention And Contro!+

Enineerin Contro!s+

Ad&inistrative Contro!s+

Opti&i*ation O# 0or% Practices+

Con#ined Space PPE Reduction+


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INDUSTRIA1 H/6IENE CONTRO1 HIERARCH/2


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8+ 6atherin In#or&ation Fro& Avai!a(!e Sources+

@+ Conductin Base!ine Screenin Surve$s to Deter&ine 0hich

Processes' E,uip&ent' Areas or 3o(s Need a C!oser Ana!$sis+

+ Per#or&in Con#ined Space Assess&ents and 3o( Ha*ard

Ana!$ses to Identi#$ and Institute CS Contro! :easures+

+ A#ter I&p!e&entin Contro! :easures' Conductin Periodic

Surve$s and Fo!!o")up to Eva!uate Chanes+

0OR7SITE ANA1/SIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR :AIN PARTS2


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OPERATIONS SCENARIOS

Pits+

Si!os+

Tan%s+

Vau!ts+

Hoppers+ Storae Bins+

Che&ica! Tan%s+

Reactor Vesse!s+

Rai!road Tan% Cars+

:achiner$ Enc!osures+

CONFINED SPACE 0OR7 INVO1VIN62


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OPERATIONS SCENARIOS

CONFINED SPACE 0OR7 INVO1VIN62

C!eanin Operation Inside

O# Under 6round Storae

Tan%+

Painin Operation InsideO# Under 6round Storae

Tan%+


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CONFINED SPACE DEATHS

Una"are o# the Potentia! Ha*ard+

Uneducated o# the Potentia! Ha*ard+

Poor!$ E,uipped to :anae the Resu!tin Situation+

SO 0HAT4S THE BOTTO: 1INEL++++ TRAININ6

"OS# DEA#HS OCC$R %ECA$SE E"&LO'EES ARE(


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Asph$;iation Due to Ha*ardous At&ospheres+

:OST DEATHS OCCUR B/2

:OST DEATHS ARE NOT THE

INITIA1 VICTI:

9?> OF CONFINED SPACEDEATHS ARE 6OOD HEARTED

0OU1D)BE RESCUERS


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APPROMI:ATE VA1UES

0HEN 0E DON4T 6ET ENOU6H AIR2


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CONFINED SPACE DEFINITIONS

1i&ited or Restricted Entr$ 5 E;it+

Not Desined #or Hu&an Occupanc$+

1are Enouh to Enter #or 0or%+

CONFINED SPACE2


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T"o T$pes O# Con#ined Spaces+

NON)PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE

PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE

CONFINED SPACE2



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No Potentia! to Deve!op Ha*ards+

No At&ospheric' Sa#et$' or Hea!th Ha*ards+

Needs to Be Inc!uded in Trainin

Prora&s+

1i&ited E;istin Ha*ard Potentia!+ Needs to Be Assessed+

Needs to Be Periodica!!$ Reassessed+

Needs to Be Contro!!ed+

E;a&p!es o# non)per&it re,uired con#ined spaces &ihtinc!ude the interiors o# HVAC units' certain air p!enu&sand pipe chases' attics' "a!%)in #ree*ers or re#rierators'and so&e (ui!din cra"! spaces+

NON)PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE2


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Contains a Ha*ardous At&osphere or the Potentia!+

Contains Enu!#&ent Potentia!+

Interna! Con#iuration That Cou!d Trap an Entrant+

Contains An$ Other Serious Sa#et$ or Hea!th Ha*ard+

PER:IT REUIRED CONFINED SPACE2


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:a$ E;pose E&p!o$ees to Ris% o# Death' Incapacitation'

I&pair&ent o# A(i!it$ to Se!#)rescue' InGur$' or Acute I!!ness

Fro& One or :ore o# the Fo!!o"in Causes2

AT:OSPHERIC HAARD2

F!a&&a(!e 6as' Vapor' or :ist E;ceedin 8?> 1E1+

Air(orne Co&(usti(!e Dust in E;cess o# Its 1E1+ O;$en Concentration Be!o" 8+=>+

O;$en Concentration A(ove @+=>+

Concentration o# An$ Su(stance E;ceedin Its PE1+

Another At&ospheric Condition That Is ID1H+


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Per&issi(!e E;posure 1i&its -PE14s.+

Found In @ CFR 88?+8??? -The JK Ta(!es.+

Esta(!ishes OSHA4s E;posure 1eve!s+

1ea!!$ En#orcea(!e+

PER:ISSIB1E EMPOSURE 1I:IT -OSHA.2

RECO::ENDED EMPOSURE 1I:ITS -NIOSH.2

Reco&&ended E;posure 1i&its -RE14s.+

Used To Deve!op Ne" OSHA Standards+

Source2 JNIOSH Reco&&endations For

Occupationa! Hea!th Standards+K


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The T1V Is The Upper 1i&it O# A To;in Concentration To 0hich An Averae

Hea!th$ Person :a$ Be Repeated!$ E;posed To On An A!!)da$' Ever$da$

Basis 0ithout Su##erin Adverse Hea!th E##ects+

6aseous Su(stances ) E;pressed As Parts Per :i!!ion -PP:.+

Fu&es Or :ists ) E;pressed In :i!!ira&s Per Cu(ic :eter -&&.+

A&erican Con#erence o# 6overn&enta! Industria! H$ienist -AC6IH.+

THRESHO1D 1I:IT VA1UE2


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I::EDIATE1/ DAN6EROUS TO 1IFE 5 HEA1TH2An ID1H 1eve! Represents A :a;i&u& Concentration Fro& 0hich One

Cou!d Escape 0ithin ? :inutes 0ithout E;periencin An$ Irreversi(!e

Adverse Hea!th E##ects+

In Practice' 0hen The Concentration O# A To;ic Su(stance In A 6iven

Area Is 7no"n' ID1H 1eve!s :a$ Be Used For Deter&inin 0hether Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus Is Needed 0hen Enterin The Area+ I#

The Concentration E;ceeds The ID1H 1eve!' Positive)de&and' Se!#)

contained Breathin Apparatus Shou!d Be Used+


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UPPER F1A::AB1E 1I:IT -UF1.2

The JRicherK Point at 0hich a :i;ture o# F!a&&a(!e Vapor and Air

0i!! No 1oner Support Co&(ustion+

1O0ER F1A::AB1E 1I:IT -1F1.2

The J1eanerK Point at 0hich a :i;ture o# F!a&&a(!e Vapor and Air

0i!! No 1oner Support Co&(ustion+

CO:BINED' THE ABOVE EUA1 THE F1A::AB1E RAN6E

F1A::AB1E RAN6E2


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?>

@+=>

8>

=?>

=>

8??>

F1A::AB1E RAN6E OF ACETONE @+= ) 8>

PERCENTA6E OF AT:OSPHERE

ACETONE

F1A::AB1E RAN6E ) ACETONE2


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An O(server Stationed Outside o# a Con#ined Space+

A))endan)(

Authori*ed Entrant2

An O(server Stationed Outside o# a Con#ined Space+

Entr$ Supervisor2

Oversees Con#ined Space 0or% and Sa#et$ Operations+

:onitors Con#ined Space Entr$ Operations+

:onitors Sa#et$ Con#or&ance+

:onitors Per&it Sinin+

CONFINED SPACE 0OR7ERS2



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7no" the Ha*ards Associated 0ith the Space+

Be A"are o# the E##ects o# Ha*ardous E;posures+

:aintain Accounta(i!it$ o# Entrants+

Re&ain on Dut$ Unti! Proper!$ Re!ieved+

:onitor the Status o# the Entrant As Appropriate+

Co&&unicate 0ith the Entrant As Appropriate+

:onitor Activities Inside and Outside the Space+

Order Evacuation o# the Space 0hen Dictated+

Su&&on Rescue Andor E&erenc$ Assistance+ Per#or& Non)entr$ Rescue in Accordance 0ith Po!ic$+

Per#or& No Duties That Inter#ere 0ith Attendant Duties +

ATTENDANT DUTIES2

RESPONSIBI1ITIES


55/138

Confined Space - SLIDE OF 138


Fo!!o" the Instructions on the Per&it+

Use Re,uired E,uip&ent Proper!$+

Continua!!$ Co&&unicate 0ith Attendant+

A!ert the Attendant 0hen Necessar$+

E;it the Space uic%!$ 0hen So Re,uired+

ENTRANT DUTIES2

RESPONSIBI1ITIES


56/138


ENTR/ SUPERVISOR DUTIES2

Sa#e!$ Contro! The Situation


Ensure A!! Entries on the 0ritten Per&it Are Appropriate+

Ensure A!! Tests' Procedures and E,uip&ent Are Used+ Ter&inate Entr$ Authori*ation 0hen Appropriate+

Veri#$ That Rescue Services Are Avai!a(!e+

Veri#$ :ethods Are in P!ace to Su&&on Rescue Services+

Re&ove Unauthori*ed Individua!s Atte&ptin Access+

Deter&ine 0hen Trans#er o# Responsi(i!it$ Ta%es P!ace+ Ensure Operations Are Consistent 0ith the Per&it+

Per#or& Non)entr$ Rescue in Accordance 0ith Po!ic$+

Per#or& No Duties That Inter#ere 0ith Supervisor Duties+

RESPONSIBI1ITIES


57/138


In#or& the Contractor That Per&its Spaces E;ist+

Apprise the Contractor o# 7no"n Ha*ards+

Apprise the Contractor o# Precautions 5 Procedures+

Coordinate Entr$ Operations 0ith the Contractor+

De(rie# the Contractor at Ter&ination o# Operations+

Deter&ine 0hen Trans#er o# Responsi(i!it$ Ta%es P!ace+

Ensure Operations Are Consistent 0ith the Per&it+

Deter&ine The Contractors4 Sa#et$ Record+

Esta(!ish Ru!es For Their Operation+ Ensure The Contractor Is ua!i#ied+

Inspect The& Reu!ar!$+

HOST RESPONSIBI1ITIES2

CONTRACTORS CONSIDERATIONS


58/138



O(tain A!! In#or&ation Concernin 7no"n Ha*ards+

Deter&ine Precautions 5 Procedures Reardin 0or%+

Provide Sa#et$ Docu&entation As Re,uested B$ The Host+

Brie# The Host On Ho" The 0or% 0i!! A##ect Host E&p!o$ees+

Deter&ine 0hen Trans#er o# Responsi(i!it$ Ta%es P!ace+

Ensure Operations Are Consistent 0ith the Per&it+

Coordinate Entr$ Operations 0ith the the Host+

Brie# the Host at Ter&ination o# Operations+

CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBI1ITIES2


59/138



FINA1 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTRACTORS2

1ea!!$' /ou are Responsi(!e For A!! Persons On /our Site+

Ensure Contractors A(ide B$ Faci!it$ Sa#et$ Ru!es As A :ini&u&

Re&e&(er' 'o* Contro! /our Faci!it$ Or 0or% Area

Revie" Their Procedures +i), #,e.

Revie" Their Procedures Be#ore The$ Start The 3o( Deter&ine Their Sa#et$ Per#or&ance Record

Deter&ine 0ho Is In Chare O# Their Peop!e

Deter&ine Ho" Their Activit$ 0i!! A##ect /our E&p!o$ees

Esta(!ish Ru!es For 0or%in Around /our E&p!o$ees+


60/138


THE ENTR/ PER:IT

THE ENTR/ PER:IT SPECIFIES2

Sa#e Entr$ Conditions+

Sa#e Entr$ Ti&e#ra&es+

E;terna! Ha*ard Contro!s+

Hot "or% Sa#et$ Re,uire&ents+

Speci#ies E;terna! Ha*ard Contro!s+

Re,uire&ents For Sa#e Iso!ation o# Space+

E&erenc$ Noti#ication And Rescue :eans+

Speci#ies2 ) Purin ) Inertin ) F!ushin ) Venti!atin+

Initia!Periodic At&ospheric :onitorin Re,uire&ents+ 1os 0ho Conducted :onitorin And Speci#ic :ethods+

7e$ Personne! Needed For Sa#et$ Entr$' Operations and Eress+

Note2 A!! Per&its :ust Be Revie"ed On An Annua! Basis+


61/138


THE ENTR/ PER:IT :UST BE2

Visi(!e At The Entr$ 1ocation+

Va!id For The Ti&e O# Space Entr$+

Address A!! Possi(!e Ha*ards In the Space+

THE ENTR/ PER:IT


62/138


EUIP:ENT CONSIDERATIONS

PRINCIPA1 EUIP:ENT NEEDED ) PERSONA12

Bod$ Harnesses+

Air Co&pressors+

SCBA E,uip&ent+

:u!ti)as :onitors+ Venti!ation E,uip&ent+

Supp!ied Air Respirators+

Air Puri#$in Respirators+

Persona! Protective E,uip&ent+

E;traction Ca(!es and 1an$ards+

Rescue Tripoddavit Ar& and 0inch S$ste&+


63/138


EUIP:ENT CONSIDERATIONS

PRINCIPA1 EUIP:ENT NEEDED ) 6ENERA12

Hand Too!s+

First Aid 7its+

Rescue S7EDS+

Ti&e 7eepin E,uip&ent+

Intrinsica!!$ Sa#e 1ihtin+

Co&&unications E,uip&ent+

Escape 1adders #or Depths o# Five Ft+


64/138


HAARD RECO6NITION

Overa!! Past Usae Histor$+

Previous Che&ica! Usae+

Previous Accident Statistics+

Cross Chec% A!! Re!evant In#or&ation+

Re!ated Current or For&er :SDS Usae+

Chec% 0ith Others 7no"!edea(!e o# the Space+

RE:E:BER2 SO:EONES 1IFE :A/ BE IN /OUR HANDS

PER:IT SPACE HISTOR/2


65/138


HAARD RECO6NITION

Reduced O@ Fro& 0e!dincuttin Operations+

Reduced O@ Fro& Inertin Operations+

E;p!osive Conditions Fro& Spar%s#!a&e+

Fu&es 1i(erated ($ Che&ica! C!eanin+

Fu&es 1i(erated ($ Paintin or Coatin Operations+

Dust E;p!osions Fro& Particu!ate Processin+

0OR7 6ENERATED CONDITIONS2


66/138


Consider2

EMTERNA1 CONDITIONS2

E##ect o# 1i,uids Drainin Into the Space+

Conta&inants' 1ea%s' Spi!!s' E;hausts Etc+

Bac%#!o" Fro& Drains or Output 1ines+

Current or Chanin 0eather Conditions

HAARD RECO6NITION


67/138


HAARD RECO6NITION

0hat Operationse,uip&ent 0i!! Inter#ere 0ith Entr$L

0hat E##ect Does Entr$ Have on Other OperationsL

0hat Che&ica!ph$sica! Ha*ards Are PresentL

Co&p!ete E!ectrica! Iso!ation AchievedL

Are Stea& or Product 1ines PresentL

Are :SDS4s Avai!a(!e #or ProductsL

Is Enu!#&ent a Potentia! Ha*ardL

Is Heat Stress a Potentia! FactorL

0i!! 0i!d!i#e Be E##ectedL

CURRENT EVA1UATION OF THE SPACE2


68/138


HAARD CONTRO1

Prevent Unauthori*ed Entr$+

Contro! Neih(orin Operations+

Achieve a ero Ener$ State+

SITE RESTRICTION 5 CONTRO12

ENER6/ ISO1ATION -1OC7OUTTA6OUT.2

) E!ectrica! ) Ther&a! ) Sprin

) :echanica! ) Che&ica! ) OtherL

) H$drau!ic ) Radioactive ) Pneu&atic)6ravit$ Fed


69/138


HAARD CONTRO1

Coo!+ C!ean+

Pure+

E&pt$+

De)Eneri*e+

Depressuri*e+

Reduce Ha*ards to the :a;i&u& E;tent Possi(!e+

Contro! Ha*ards to the :a;i&u& E;tent Possi(!e+

SPACE PREPARATION2


70/138

Confined Space - SLIDE !0 OF 138

T/PES OF RESPIRATORS

AIR)PURIF/IN6 RESPIRATORS+

SUPP1IED)AIR RESPIRATORS+

SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUSES+

THREE FA:I1IES OF RESPIRATORS2


71/138



The APR Is Used 0here There Is Enouh O;$en Present But

The Air In The Area Is Conta&inated 0ith 6ases' Vapors' Or

Dust+ These Respirators Fi!ter Out Danerous :ateria!s Or

Divert Air Throuh A Che&ica! Fi!ter+ Does Not Produce

O;$en0arnin ) So&e Su(stances Cannot Be Sa#e!$ Fi!tered

Re,uirin /ou To 0ear An Air)supp!ied Respirator+

AIR)PURIF/IN6 OR FI1TERIN62


72/138



:echanica!)Fi!ter Respirators2

Re&ove Partic!es Fro& The Air+

:a$ Have Disposa(!e Fi!ters For Dust+

:a$ Have Ha!#)#ace Or Fu!!)#ace Facepieces+

To Choose The Correct Unit /ou Need To 7no"2


) T$pe O# Conta&inant+

) Concentration O# The Conta&inant+

) Si*e O# The Partic!es+


73/138



Che&ica! Cartride Respirators2

Used For 1o" Concentrations O#2


) Oranic 6ases+

) Pesticides+

) Paint Vapors+ :a$ Have Ha!#)#ace Or Fu!!)#ace Facepieces+

Cartride :ust Be Riht One For T$pe O# Conta&inant

Use On!$ 0ith Conta&inants 0ith 0arnin Odor Or

Irritation I# The Cartride Fai!s To 0or%+

Not For Use Aainst Hih!$ To;ic 6ases+


74/138


The SAR Is Used 0henever There Is Not Enouh O;$en And

The Concentration O# The Air(orne Su(stances Present Is Not

I&&ediate!$ Danerous To 1i#e 5 Hea!th -ID1H.+

A!! Respirators :ust Be Approved For The Conta&inant For

0hich The E&p!o$ee Is E;posed Too+ Approva! Is Done3oint!$ B$ The :ine Sa#et$ And Hea!th Ad&inistration O# The

Depart&ent O# 1a(or And The Nationa! Institute For

Occupationa! Sa#et$ And Hea!th -NIOSH. O# The Depart&ent

O# Hea!th And Hu&an Services+

SUPP1IED)AIR RESPIRATORS2



75/138



Air)1ine T$pe Respirators2

Used For O;$en De#icient At&ospheres+

Not For ID1H At&ospheres -Un!ess Au; Air Carried.+

:a$ Have Ha!#)#ace Or Fu!!)#ace Or Hood+

Air Supp!ied Fro& C$!inders Or A Co&pressor+

Three T$pes O# SARs2

SUPP1IED)AIR RESPIRATORS2

) Continuous F!o"+

) De&and Air F!o"+

) Pressure)de&and F!o"+


76/138



SCBA Uses A Source O# Breatha(!e Air Carried B$ The 0earer+

A!thouh This 6reat!$ Enhances The :o(i!it$ O# The 0earer It

1i&its The Duration O# Protection+ At A :oderate 0or% Rate'

Usin Appro;i&ate!$ ? 1iter :inute Vo!u&e' :ost SCBA Units

Have A Rated Duration O# ?)9? :inutes+

SCBA Consists O# The Fo!!o"in2 Face Piece' Breathin Tu(e'

Air Supp!$ Tu(e' Reu!ator' E;ha!ation Va!ve' Air C$!inder And

Va!ve+

SE1F)CONTAINED BREATHIN6 APPARATUS -SCBA.2


77/138

Confined Space - SLIDE !! OF 138


:o(i!e Air Supp!$ T$pe S$ste&s -T"o T$pes.2

C!osed)circuit Re(reathin Units+

Pressure)de&and Open Circuit Units+



78/138



Pressure)De&and Open)Circuit Units2

Provides ? To 9? :inutes 0orth O# Air+

T$pica!!$ Used B$ Fire Rescue Services+

The User4s Breath Is E;ha!ed Into At&osphere+

Positive Pressure Is :aintained Inside The Facepiece+



79/138



C!osed)Circuit Re(reathin Units2

Protects Up To Four Hours+

T$pica!!$ Used In :ine Rescues+

The User4s Breath Is Rec$c!ed+

Car(on Dio;ide Is Re&oved Fro& E;ha!ed Air+

O;$en Is Added Fro& A S&a!! C$!inder+



80/138


RESPIRATOR SE1ECTION

CONSU1T 0ITH AN INDUSTRIA1 H/6IENIST

RE6ARDIN6 THE T/PE OF RESPIRATOR TO BE

USED 0ITH /OUR OPERATION THE FO11O0IN6

ARE 6ENERA1 6UIDE1INES ON1/

CHOOSIN6 A RESPIRATOR IS SERIOUS BUSINESS2

Dust :as% Ha!# Face Fu!! Face Supp!ied Air SCBA


81/138



Do a Fit Test+

Receive Trainin+

Provide Proper Care+

7no" the Ha*ard 1eve!s+

Receive a :edica! Test+ Revie" E;posure 1i&its+

Se!ect Correct Respirator+

Receive Annua! Ph$sica!+

Receive Annua! Trainin+

Chec% the O;$en 1eve!s+

RESPIRATOR RECO::ENDATIONS2


82/138



CHOOSIN6 A RESPIRATOR IS SERIOUS BUSINESS2

7NO0 0HAT /OU 0OR7 0ITH2

0or%in "ith respirator$ ha*ards can put $ou at reat ris%+ /ou cannot

a!"a$s detect the ha*ards' (ut dust' s&o%e' #o' &ist' #u&es' ases'

vapors and spra$s can (e ver$ ha*ardous to $our hea!th and sa#et$+

The actual properties of the hazard must be !o"! to mae a decisio!

o! the specific t#pe of e$uipme!t to be used%

PRI:AR/ CONSIDERATIONS2

8+ 0hat are the e;posure !i&its a!!o"ed #or the particu!ar

conta&inantsL

@+ Have the ha*ard !eve!s in $our "or% area (een &easuredL

+ Do $ou have the correct a&ount o# o;$en in $our "or% areaL+ Are $ou trained to use and "ear a respiratorL


83/138



HAARDOUS CONDITION ) OM/6EN DEFICIENC/2

ID1H Condition2

An$ Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus

-SCBA.+

Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator

-SAR. 0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+

An$ Positive)Pressure SCBA or SAR+

Non)ID1H Condition2


84/138


Positive)pressure Se!#)contained Breathin Apparatus -SCBA.+

Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator

-SAR. 0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+ An$ Positive)pressure SAR' 6as :as%' Or Che&ica!

Cartride Respirator+

HAARDOUS CONDITION ) 6ASES AND VAPORS2

ID1H Condition2

Non)ID1H Condition2




85/138



An$ Positive)pressure SAR Inc!udin A(rasive B!astin

Respirator+ Po"ered Air)puri#$in Respirator E,uipped 0ith Hih)

e##icienc$ Fi!ters+ An$ Air)puri#$in Respirator 0ith A Speci#ic Particu!ate Fi!ter+

HAARDOUS CONDITION ) PARTICU1ATE CONTA:INANTS2


86/138



Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator -SAR.

0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+

An$ Positive)pressure SAR' 6as :as%' Or Che&ica!

Cartride Respirator+

HAARDOUS CONDITION ) 6ASEOUS AND PARTICU1ATES2

ID1H Condition2

Non)ID1H Condition2




87/138



Fire#ihtin2

HAARDOUS CONDITION ) ID1H2

ID1H Escape Condition2


Co&(ination Positive)pressure Supp!ied)air Respirator -SAR.

0ith Au;i!iar$ Se!#)contained Air Supp!$+




88/138


RESPIRATOR UA1IFICATION

The Proper Fittin O# A Respirator Is Deter&ined B$ A Fit

Tests And Sea! Chec%s+ Fit Tests Can Be Jua!itativeK Or

JuantitativeK+ So&e OSHA Standards Have Speci#ic

Re,uire&ents For Fit Testin+ See The 8??? Series In @

CFR+

RESPIRATOR FIT TESTIN6 ) 6ENERA12

&'A(ITATI)E

&'ANTITATI)E


89/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

Fo!!o" /our Per&it Instructions+

Instru&ents Shou!d Be Ade,uate!$ Sensitive+

Instru&ents Shou!d Be Ca!i(rated and Docu&ented+

Users Shou!d Be Technica!!$ ua!i#ied+

Testin :ust Be Done Prior to Each Entr$+

OSHA4S RECO::ENDATIONS2

ASPH/MIATION IS THE 1EADIN6 CAUSE OF

DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES


90/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

Do Not Rep!ace Ca!i(ration+

B!o" Into ?@ Sensors to Test ?@ De#icienc$+

A So!vent :ar%er 0i!! Test #or Co&(usti(!es+

Usin a Butane 1ihter Is Not Reco&&ended+

Function Tests :ust Be Done Prior to Each Entr$+

INSTRU:ENT FUNCTION TESTS2




91/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6



HAARD 1I:IT

CARBON :ONOMIDE -CO. -PP:. = PP:H/DRO6EN SU1FIDE -H@S. -PP:. 8? PP:OM/6EN -O@. 8+=> ) @+=>

1O0ER EMP1OSIVE 1I:IT -1E1. 8?>

INSTRU:ENT FUNCTION TESTS2


92/138


:U1TI)6AS :ONITOR2

HAARDS DETECTED

OM/6EN -O@.

CARBON :ONOMIDE -CO.

H/DRO6EN SU1FIDE [email protected] EMP1OSIVE 1I:IT -1E1.

T/PICA1 6AS :ONITOR

Co&&on 6as :onitor

AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6


93/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

F1A::AB1E RAN6E OF ACETONE @+= ) 8>

PERCENTA6E OF AT:OSPHERE

ACETONE

F1A::AB1E RAN6E ) ACETONE2

?> ))

@+=> ))

8> ))

=?> ))

=> ))

8??> ))


94/138


CARBON :ONOMIDE2 ) T1V = PP: -AC6IH.

) PE1 =? PP: -OSHA.

) ID1H 8@?? PP:

H/DRO6EN SU1FIDE2 ) T1V 8? PP: -AC6IH.

) PE1 8? PP: -OSHA.

) ID1H 8?? PP:

CO::ON TOMIC 6ASES2

AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6


95/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

CONSIDERATIONS

) BATTER/ CHEC7

) CA1IBRATION

) OMIDIERS) ACIDS

) DATA INTERPRETATION

TESTIN6 CONSIDERATIONS2

Co&&on 6as :onitor


96/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

ACCESSORIES

) BATTER/

) PU:P

) SA:P1IN6 TUBE) SA:P1IN6 TUBE FI1TER

ACCESSOR/ CONSIDERATIONS2

Co&&on 6as :onitor


97/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

TESTIN6 SEUENCE

8+ OM/6EN

@+ F1A::ABI1IT/ + TOMICIT/

TESTIN6 SEUENCE2

:ust Be Tested In The A(ove Se,uence

Co&&on 6as :onitor


98/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

0H/ A TESTIN6 SEUENCEL

8+ OM/6EN ) :ost Co&(usti(!e 6as :eters Are ?@

Dependent and :ust Have ?@ Present to Provide

Re!ia(!e Data+

@+ F1A::ABI1IT/ ) The Threat o# Fire or E;p!osion Is

Both :ore I&&ediate and :ore 1i#e Threatenin in

:ost Cases Than To;ic Vapors+

+ TOMICIT/ ) I# Tests #or To;ic Vapors Are Necessar$

The$ Are Per#or&ed 1ast+

TESTIN6 SEUENCE2


99/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

Eva!uation Testin ) Eva!uation o# Ha*ards Present in thePer&it Space+

Veri#ication Testin ) Veri#ication That Accepta(!e Entr$

Conditions #or Entr$ Into That Space E;ist+

Duration o# Testin ) :easure&ent o# Va!ues #or Each

At&ospheric Para&eter Shou!d Be :ade For at 1east the:ini&u& Response Ti&e O# the Instru&ent Speci#ied B$

the :anu#acturer+

SA:P1IN6 STRATE6IES2


100/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

Vapor Densit$

Air 8

Q8 1ihter than Air 8 Heavier than Air

STRATIFIED AT:OSPHERES2

AIR8

Q8

8


101/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

Sa&p!e Ever$ To Ft+

Sa&p!e The Entire Space+

Don4t Trust /our Senses+

Don4t 6et Rushed' Be Thorouh+

7no" The :eter Response Ti&e+

7eep Sa&p!in Tu(e Out O# Product+

Periodica!!$ Retest The Space+

Docu&ent A!! Readins+

:ove Sensor On!$ As Fast As The

:eter Response Ti&e+

STRATIFIED AT:OSPHERES2

ESTA*(IS+ A TESTING PROTOCA(

8st Test

@nd Test

rd Test

th Test

=th Test


102/138


Retest A#ter /ou Enter+

Retest in /our Breathin one+

Tr$ and Find the Bad Air

Don4t Derade /our O"n Air

Thin% Thin% Thin%

PERIODIC RETESTIN62

AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6


103/138


AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6

7no" /our E&erenc$ Response Procedures

I&&ediate!$ Noti#$ Entrants o# Unsa#e Conditions

I# There Is An$ Dou(t ) Evacuate The Space

7no" the Ti&e It Ta%es to Evacuate

Don4t Tr$ to Re&ed$ Be#ore Orderin Evacuation Evacuate Then Contro! The Ha*ard

UNACCEPTAB1E TEST RESU1TS2


104/138


CONSU1T THE O0NERS :ANUA1

FOR SPECIFICS RE6ARDIN6 THE

INSTRU:ENT /OU ARE USIN6 DO

NOT ASSU:E AN/THIN6

O0NERS :ANUA1 IS 7E/2

AT:OSPHERIC TESTIN6


105/138


0hen the Air Contains Too 1itt!e O;$en+

0hen the Air Contains Too :uch O;$en+

The Air Is Too F!a&&a(!e+

The Air Is To;ic+

Bein Venti!atin 0e!! in Advance o# An$ Entr$+

Test the At&osphere in Advance o# An$ Entr$+

Continue Venti!atin As 1on As Entrants Are in Space+

Consider the T$pe o# 0or% Bein Per#or&ed+

Use B!o"ers ON1/ IN As(estos)Free Spaces+

Fo!!o" the Instructions on the Per&it+

0HEN TO VENTI1ATE2

CONFINED SPACE VENTI1ATION


106/138



Venti!ation S$ste&s2

VENTI1ATION S/STE: CONSIDERATIONS2

1oca! E;haust Venti!ation2

) Usua!!$ 3o()speci#ic+

6enera! Venti!ation2

) Usua!!$ Area)speci#ic+

(ocal E,haust )e!tilatio! Ge!eral )e!tilatio!


107/138



1oca! E;haust Venti!ation2


Captures at Point o# Oriin+

Re&oves Sin!e Source Conta&inants+

Use Durin Hot 0or%+

Use Durin 6rindin Operations+ Use Durin C!eanin Operations+

7eep the Inta%e C!ose to the Source+

Not the Best #or Dispersed Conta&inants+

The Shape o# the Space Can Be Detri&enta!+

Chec% 0ith Supp!iers #or the :ost Suita(!e T$pe+ (ocal E,haust)e!tilatio!


108/138



Does Not Reduce the A&ount o# Conta&inants+

There Are 1i&its on 0hen It Can Be Used+

Conta&inants :ust Be o# 1o" To;icit$

Di!utes the 6enera! At&osphere in the Space+

Re&oves Area Conta&inants+

Conta&inants :ust Be Produced at a Uni#or& Rate+

Best #or Providin O;$en+

Best #or Contro!!in 1o" Concentrations o# To;ins+

Chec% 0ith Supp!iers #or the :ost Suita(!e T$pe+


6enera! Venti!ation Considerations2

Ge!eral )e!tilatio!


109/138


E;haust Venti!ation2

Supp!$ Venti!ation2



) Dra" Bad Air Out+

) B!o"s Fresh Air in+

VENTI1ATOR

SPACEOUTSIDE



110/138



E;haust Venti!ation2

AIR F1O0

SPACEOUTSIDE



E;haust


111/138


Supp!$ Venti!ation2



AIR F1O0

SPACEOUTSIDE

Supp!$



112/138


1ocate Inta%e Point JSupp!$ AirK Outside O# Space+

1ocate E;haust Out!et to Prevent Recircu!ation+

1ocate Out!et 0here E;haust 0i!! Be Har&!ess+

Consider Need to Fi!ter E;haust Air+

I# the E;haust Is F!a&&a(!e' Re&ove Inition Sources+


6enera! Venti!ation ) Inta%e Point P!ace&ent2

Inta%e Point JSupp!$

AirK Is Outside O#

Space+



113/138



SHORT CIRCUIT


AIR F1O0


114/138




BETTER P1ACE:ENT

AIR F1O0


115/138



6enera! Venti!ation -Po"er Considerations.2


AIR F1O0AIR F1O0

AIR F1O0

E,uip&ent :ust :ove Air E##ective!$ 0ithin The Space+

E,uip&ent :ust Carr$ A"a$ An$ Conta&inants+

A Series o# B!o"ers :a$ Be Needed+


116/138



Duct 0or% Directs the Air F!o"+

P!ace Duct 0or% Out o# the 0a$+

Re&e&(er 0h$ the Duct Is Present+

7eep Ducts As Short As Possi(!e+

7eep Ducts As Straiht As Possi(!e+ Never 7in% Ducts' Avoid Sharp Bends+

Ensure Connections Are Tiht+

Rechec% O#ten

Read The :anua!


Duct 0or% ) 6enera!2


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A FINA1 NOTE ON DUCT 0OR7

VENTI1ATION IS :ORE CO:P1EM THAN :OST PEOP1E

REA1IE+ CONSU1T 0ITH THE :ANUFACTURER ON THE

BEST 0A/ TO USE THEIR EUIP:ENT+ :AN/SITUATIONS CAN ARISE 0HICH CREATE CHA11EN6ES

TO CONFINED SPACE ENTRIES+ ENSURE /OU 7NO0

THE VARIOUS CONFI6URATIONS THAT VENTI1ATION

EUIP:ENT CAN AND CANNOT SUPPORT+ AS7



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CONFINED SPACE RESCUE

E&p!o$er Decides I# On or O##)site Rescue 0i!! Be Used+

On)site Rescue2

) Usua!!$ :ade up o# In)house Personne!+

) :otivated Tea&+

) E;tensive Trainin+

) Practica! E;ercises -at 1east Once Ever$ 8@ :onths.+

) Reu!ar Rein#orce&ent o# Trainin+

RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2

On)Site Rescue ) 6enera!2

ON)SITE RESCUE ON)SITE RESCUE


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E&p!o$er Decides I# on or O##)site Rescue 0i!! Be Used+

O##)site Rescue2

) C!ose Pro;i&it$+

) E;tensive Pre)coordination+ ) :ust Understand the Ha*ards to Be Faced+

) :ust Have Access to A!! Spaces #or Pre)p!annin+

I:PORTANT2 A Feasi(i!it$ Assess&ent :ust Be :ade to

Deter&ine The Practica!it$ o# O##)site Rescue+

O##)Site Rescue ) 6enera!2


OFF)SITE RESCUE OFF)SITE RESCUE

CO S C SC


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6ood Endurance+

Possess Enthusias&+

:ust Be a Capa(!e 1eader+

:ust Have a Positive Attitude+ 6ood Ph$sica! Fitness and Hea!th+

:ust Be Capa(!e o# Fo!!o"in Orders+

:ust Have Sa&e Trainin As Entrants+

:ust Reu!ar!$ Participate in Practica! E;ercises+


The Rescue Tea& ua!i#ications2



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Rescue Techni,ues+

Understand Se!#)rescue Criteria+

First AidCPR Pro#icienc$ Re,uired+

Co&&unications in Con#ined Spaces+

Reconition o# Con#ined Space Ha*ards+

Understand the Use o# Persona! Protective E,uip&ent+

RESCUE CONSIDERATIONS2 Rescue Trainin2




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HORIONTA1 RESCUES VERTICA1 RESCUES

Hori*onta!+

Vertica!+

SAFE1INE

SAFE1INE


Rescue T$pes2



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ENTR/ RESCUES NON)ENTR/ RESCUES


Non)entr$ Rescue+

Entr$ Rescue+

Rescue S$ste&s2

SAFE1INE

SAFE1INE




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Sa#est #or Rescuer+

Re,uires E;tensive Entrant Trainin+

Tripod -or E,uiva!ent :ost Co&&on.+

NFPA Approved Rope -8=28 Tensi!e Strenth.+

Used 0hen O(stac!es Prevent Non)entr$ Rescue+

Re,uires E;tensive Rescue Tea& Trainin+

Various Entr$ :ethods Can Be Used+


Non)Entr$ Rescue2

Entr$ Rescue2



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Assess Ph$sica! Condition+ 1oo% #or Sins o# Shoc%+ 7eep Head Sta(!e and Air"a$s Open+ I&&o(i!i*e the Spine+

P!astic S7EDS Are Ver$ Use#u!+ Don4t InGure the Victi& Durin E;trication+ 0rist!ets :a$ Be Used I# No Trau&a Is Created+ Never :ove or Care #or an InGured Victi& Un!ess /ou

Have Been Trained to Ad&inister First Aid+ I# Situation Is J1i#e or DeathK Use Best 3ud&ent+


Victi& Care -InGuries.2



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Rescue and Retrieva! S$ste&s Are

6enera!!$ Used in Con#ined Spaces'

and Are O#ten 7no"n As Persona!

Retrieva! S$ste&s+ The S$ste& Is

Pri&ari!$ Used 0hen 0or%ers :ustBe 1o"ered Into Tan%s' :anho!es'

Etc+' And 0hen Retrieva! :a$ Be

Re,uired Shou!d an E&erenc$

Occur+

RESCUE AND RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S2

Victi& Care -InGuries.2



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RESCUE AND RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S2



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RETRIEVA1 S/STE:S AND PER:IT SPACE ENTR/2

Retrieva! E,uip&ent :ust Be Used2 Retrieva! S$ste&s or :ethods

:ust Be Used 0henever an Authori*ed Entrant Enters a Per&it

Space' Un!ess the Retrieva! E,uip&ent 0ou!d Increase the Overa!!

Ris% o# Entr$ or 0ou!d Not Contri(ute to the Rescue o# theEntrant+

Vertica! Retrieva! Trier is = Feet2 :echanica! Device :ust Be

Avai!a(!e to Retrieve Personne! Fro& Vertica! T$pe Per&it Spaces

:ore Than = Feet Deep+

Non)entr$ Rescue Criteria2




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Entrants :ust Use a Chest or Fu!! Bod$ Harness+

Retrieva! 1ines :ust Attached to the Center o# the Bac% at

Shou!ders or A(ove the Entrant4s Head+

0rist!ets :a$ Be Used in 1ieu o# a Harness I# It Can Be2

8+ De&onstrated That a Harness Is In#easi(!e+ @+ De&onstrated That a Harness Increases the Ha*ard+

+ De&onstrated That 0rist!ets Are the Sa#est :eans+

The Retrieva! 1ine :ust Be Attached to a :echanica! Device or

Fi;ed Point Outside the Space to Faci!itate I&&ediate Rescue+


Retrieva! S$ste&s :ust :eet The Fo!!o"in Criteria2



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The Fo!!o"in 6uide!ines 0i!! He!p Deter&ine I# a Retrieva!S$ste& Presents :ore Ha*ards Than Bene#its2


A Per&it Space 0ith O(structions That Cou!d Bind The

Retrieva! 1ine' the Entrant Need Not Use a Retrieva! S$ste&+

0hen an E&p!o$ee Bein Rescued 0ith the Retrieva! S$ste&

0ou!d Be InGured Because o# Force#u! Contact 0ithProGections In The Space+

In a Per&it Space' an Entrant Usin an Air Supp!ied

Respirator Need Not Use a Retrieva! S$ste& I# the Retrieva!

1ine Cou!d Beco&e Tan!ed 0ith the Air 1ine+




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Idea!!$' A Retrieva! S$ste& Shou!d Be Desined' Tested' andSupp!ied As a Co&p!ete S$ste&+

Co&ponents :a$ Not Be Interchanea(!e+

As% the :anu#acturer I# Di##erent E,uip&ent Is Co&pati(!e+

Su(stitutions or Chane to Retrieva! S$ste&s Shou!d Be Fu!!$Eva!uated or Tested to Deter&ine 0hether or Not It :eets the

Standard' BEFORE THE :ODIFIED S/STE: IS PUT INTO USE+

E$I&"E/# I/CO"&A#I%ILI#'(




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Heat+

Sharp and Cuttin Edes+

Environ&enta! Conditions+

Corrosion and Dirt+

ADDITIONA1 HAARD CONSIDERATIONS2



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It Is I&portant to Re&e&(er That Trainin Is Critica! 0hen

Rescuin InGured or Sic% 0or%ers Invo!ved in Con#ined Space

Accidents+ It Is Reco&&ended That Basic Rescue Techni,ues

Be Considered 0hen Desinin or Renovatin a Faci!it$+ ProperDesin :a$ A!!o" 1ess S%i!! and Trainin in Acco&p!ishin

Rescues Than Those Techni,ues Used ($ Advanced Rescue

Tea&s+ E!i&ination o# Con#ined Spaces Is A!"a$s the First

Choice+

TRAININ6 AND PROPER DESI6N IS CRITICA12

Trainin And Proper Desin Is Critica!2

INSPECTION AND CARE OF RESCUE EUIP:ENT


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E&p!o$ees Usin the E,uip&ent Need to Inspect Their O"n

E,uip&ent+ Do Not P!ace /our 1i#e Unnecessari!$ in An$one

E!se4s Hands De#ective Co&ponents :ust Be Re&oved Fro&Service I# Their Function or Strenth Has Been Adverse!$

A##ected+

INSPECTION BEFORE USE2

/ou :ust 7no" Ho" To Inspect /our O"n E,uip&ent2



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E,uip&ent Su(Gected to I&pact 1oadin or an Actua! Fa!! :ust

Be I&&ediate!$ Re&oved Fro& Service and Not Used Aain

Un!ess Inspected and Deter&ined ($ a Co&petent Person to Be

Unda&aed and Suita(!e #or Reuse+

I:PACT 1OADIN62

I:PORTANT2 So&e :anu#acturers 0i!! Not 6uarantee That

Harnesses or 1an$ards 0i!! Provide Ade,uate Protection Durin

a Second Fa!!+ :an$ o# These :anu#acturers State on theE,uip&ent to Destro$ the Harness and 1an$ard A#ter a Fa!! Has

Been Sustained+

A1SO

I&pact 1oaded E,uip&ent :ust Be Re&oved Fro& Service2



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Deve!op a Detai!ed Inspection Po!ic$+

Inspect E,uip&ent Be#ore Each Use -0ithout E;ception.+

Inspect Anchorae Points Be#ore Use+

Ta Da&aed E,uip&ent As Unusa(!e+

Separate Da&aed E,uip&ent Fro& Servicea(!e E,uip&ent+

Consider the E##ects on E,uip&ent Stored #or 1on Periods+ Re&ove JI&pact 1oadedK E,uip&ent Fro& Service I&&ediate!$+

Incorporate :anu#acturer4s Instructions Into Site Inspections+

Consider Specia! Situations Such As Radiation' E!ectrica!

Conductivit$' and Che&ica!s Etc+

INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS2

CO:PONENTS OF A SUCCESSFU1 PRO6RA:


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A 6OOD CONFINED SPACE PRO6RA: 0I11 HAVE2

8+ DETAI1ED 0RITTEN SAFET/ PROCEDURES+8+ DETAI1ED 0RITTEN SAFET/ PROCEDURES+

@+ ANNUA1 REVIE0 B/ A CO:PETENT PERSON+@+ ANNUA1 REVIE0 B/ A CO:PETENT PERSON+

+ AN EMTENSIVE E:P1O/EE TRAININ6 PRO6RA:++ AN EMTENSIVE E:P1O/EE TRAININ6 PRO6RA:+

+ PERIODIC REINFORCE:ENT OF SAFET/ TRAININ6++ PERIODIC REINFORCE:ENT OF SAFET/ TRAININ6+

=+ SUFFICIENT DISCIP1INE RE6ARDIN6 I:P1E:ENTATION+=+ SUFFICIENT DISCIP1INE RE6ARDIN6 I:P1E:ENTATION+

9+ PERIODIC FO11O0)UP TO 7EEP THE PRO6RA: CURRENT+9+ PERIODIC FO11O0)UP TO 7EEP THE PRO6RA: CURRENT+

THAN7 /OU FOR PARTICIPATIN6 IN THIS TRAININ6 PRO6RA:


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Do $ou have an$ ,uestionsDo $ou have an$ ,uestions

concernin the course &ateria!concernin the course &ateria!

"e have Gust coveredL"e have Gust coveredL

P!ease contact $our courseP!ease contact $our course

#aci!itator at $our #aci!it$+#aci!itator at $our #aci!it$+

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CONFINED SPACE OPERATION.PPT