Confined Space Entry Training

5/22/2018 Confined Space Entry Training

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HSE

Confined Space

Entry Training


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ABB Lummus Global Americas

Key Messages

Planning

Preparation

Training


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Why we are here ?

LALCO require that all employees who must enter

into confined spaces receive training as to the

hazards, procedures and equipment required to do

so safely.

At the end of this session you will be

familiar with the hazards and

requirements of safe confined

space entry.


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Confined Space can be deadly!

On average, work in confined space kills 15 people

in UK every year.

In addition, a number of people are seriouslyinjured.

Untrained rescuers account for 60% of annually

deaths in US!


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What is confined space ?

Is large enough and so configured

that an employee can enter bodilyand perform work;

Has limited or restricted means of

entry or exit, like vessels, tanks,pipes, excavation more than 1.2m

deep.

Is not designed for continuoushuman occupancy.


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Confined Space Tanks or Vessels


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Limited Openings for Entry / Exit

Openings as small as 18 inches in diameter.

Difficult to enter with SCBA or other life-saving

equipment.

Difficult to remove downed worker in folded up or

bent over position.

Exit from large openings may be difficult due to

presence of ladders, hoists, etc.

Safety harnesses must be worn while working ina confined space


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Confined Spaces Can Be Very Small


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Hazards of Confined Spaces

Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres < 19.5 %

Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres > 23.5 %

Flammable Atmospheres

Toxic Atmospheres

Engulfment Hazards

Physical hazards :Noise, Wet Surfaces, Falling Objects


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Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres

19.5 % Minimum acceptable oxygen level.

15 - 19% Early symptoms are decreased ability

to work strenuously and impair coordination.

12-14% Respiration increases. Poor judgment.10-12% Respiration increases. Lips blue.

8-10% Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea

Unconsciousness. Vomiting.

6-8% 8 minutes - fatal, 6 minutes - 50% fatal

4-5 minutes - possible recovery.

4-6% Coma in 40 seconds. Death


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Oxygen Deficient AtmospheresO

2CO

2

Oxygen deficiency can be caused by several processes:

Consumption: oxygen is used up by the person who is in the

confined space and turned into

carbon dioxide.

Displacement: denser materials push

the oxygen out of

the occupied space.

Reaction: oxygen is reacted with other

materials to make other compounds.

CO2

H20NOx

CO

O2

fuel

CO2

O2


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Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres

Oxygen level above 23.5 %. Causes flammable and combustible

materials to burn violently when ignited.

Hair, clothing, materials, etc.

Oil soaked clothing and materials.

Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.

Never store or place compressed oxygen

tanks in a confined space.


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Flammable Atmospheres

2 Critical Factors:

Oxygen content in the air.

Presence of a flammable gas, or vapor more than

10% of its LEL.

Typical Ignition Sources:

Sparking or electric tool.

Welding / cutting operations.

Smoking


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Toxic Atmospheres

Presence of any acutely hazardous substance in anatmospheric concentration above the Permissible

Exposure Limits (PEL). See MSDS.

Presence of dust at a concentration that obscure

vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.5m) or less.

ASPHYXIATION IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH

IN CONFINED SPACES


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Toxic Atmospheres

Products stored in a confined space:

Gases released when cleaning.Materials absorbed into walls of confined

space.

Decomposition of materials in the confined

space. Work performed in a confined space:

Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering.

Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing.

Sealing, bonding, melting.

External hazards adjacent to a confined space,such as combustion engines.


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Heat Stress

Heat stress is caused by a combination of factors, suchas environmental, work load and clothing factors. The

environmental factors include heat or solar load, air

movement and humidity.

Heat-related illnesses which include heat rash, heat

cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke, are the effects

of over exposure to heat.

Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related injury with

high risk of death, and heat exhaustion is the most

common seen heat-related injury.


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Physical Hazards

Noise

Amplified due to acoustics within the space.Damaged hearing, affect communication.

Slick / Wet Surfaces

Slips and falls.

Increased chance of electric shock.

Falling Objects

Elevated work activities expose workers inside

confined space to falling objects. Electricity

Use 12V supply for lighting.

All electrical circuits shall be GFI protected.


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Categorizing Confined Space

* Space large enough to enter &;

* Limited or Restricted entry or exit &;* Not designed for continuous human

occupancy.

NO

Not a confined Space

YESConfined Space

Hazardous Atmosphere

Engulfment Hazard

Configuration Hazard

Any other recognized

serious hazard

Permit-

Required

Confined

Space

Non

Permit

Required

ConfinedSpace

YES NO

Or

Or

Or


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Permit-Required Confined Space

A Permit-Required Confined Space is confined spacethat has one or more of the followingcharacteristics:

Contains or has the potential to contain a

hazardous atmosphere; Contains a material that has the potential for

engulfing an entrant;

Has an internal configuration such that an entrant

could become trapped or asphyxiated; or Contains any other serious safety or health hazard.


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Engulfment


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Non-Permit Confined Space

A confined space that does not contain or, with

respect to atmospheric hazards, does not have

the potential to contain any hazard capable of

causing death of serious physical harm.


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Definitions

ENTRANT: The employee who will physically enter theconfined space.

ATTENDANT: The employee who remains outside the

confined space and monitors the entrant(s); guards the

space against unauthorized entry; warns the entrants ofany unusual conditions; and summons the rescue

personnel if needed.

ENTRY SUPERVISOR: The employee responsible for

coordinating the entry into the confined space. Thismust be a team leader or foreman.


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ENTRY

Any part of the body passing

through the opening is

considered entry.

Confined space entry isallowed only through :

Permit -required confined

space.

Non-permit confined space.


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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry

Procedure

Isolate the space

Test the atmosphere

Purging, flushing or Ventilating the space

Complete the permit

Job Planning & Safety Analysis & Review of

MSDS .

Enter the space.


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Isolate the Space from all hazards

Close Valves Emp ty the Space

Depressurize, vent & drain

Lock out /Tagout Equipment

Electrical sources

pipe, line or duct

Mechan ical hazards

Rotating/reciprocating parts

Clean residue from the space

washing of all possiblecontaminants

T t f Th t h


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Test of The atmosphere

Refer to MSDS lists to determine which chemicals arepresent in a confined space.

Check for Oxygen Content:

At least 19.5% and less than 23.5%

Check for Combustibles: 0% of the LEL is Yanpet standard

Check for Toxic Gasses:

Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL < 35 ppm)

or any other hazardous materials as determined bythe use of the space.


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Always test the

air at various levels

to be sure that the

entire space is safe.

Good Air

Poor Air

Deadly Air

Good air

near the

openingdoes NOT

mean there

is good air

at thebottom!

The coating contains solvents, solvents are

heavier than air and may spread along floors.

CO

H2S, CO2


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Ventilate the space

Use mechanical vent i lat ion

Fan

Venti late at the rate o f at least 25 air

change per hour

Larger spaces require more ventilation

Make sure air sup ply is not contaminated

Ventilation air supply must be from

fresh air uncontaminated withflammables, toxins, etc.


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Ventilation & Body Harness
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Safety First in Confined Spaces


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Ventilation is necessary when :

When the air contains too little oxygen.

When the air contains too much oxygen.

The air is too flammable.

The air is toxic.

Oxygen deficiency may occur due to hot work or

chemical reaction.

Begin ventilating well in advance of any entry. Test the atmosphere in advance of any entry.

Ventilate as long as entrants are in space.


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Placement of warning signs

Place warning

signs where they

can be seen.

Signs must state

the hazard and the

required action..

DANGERCONFINED SPACE PERMIT

REQUIRED

AUTHORIZED PRSONNELONLY

DANGER

Confined Space

Authorized Personnel Only


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Complete Entry Permit Form

No entry is allowed without a valid permit. Permit must be correctly and completely filled out

prior to entry.

The duration of the permit may not exceed the

time allotted on the permit.

Permit must be activated by Entry Supervisors.


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Complete Entry Permit Form

The Entry Supervisor shall terminate entry andcancel work operations :

when the entry operations are completed,

when a condition that is not allowed under the

entry permit arises in or near the confined spaceor,

when an unauthorized entry of a Vessel/ConfinedSpace occurs.


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Barricades

Barriersto prevent passers-

by and the curious from

falling into the opening must

be installed. And also to

protect entrants from external

hazards.

Holes and openings must be

closed or guarded when not

attended.


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Conduct JPSA Briefing

Ent i re crew m ust attend Attendants, Entrants and Entry Supervisor

Review hazards of entry and work (JPSA)

Review PPE

Review pro cedure for contact ing rescue

verify rescue available before entry is allowed

Complete perm it

REMEMBER: SOMEONES LIFE MAY BE IN YOURHANDS!


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PPE

Eye protection:

Wear safety eyewear as per job requirement.

Hand protection:

Gloves of an appropriate material should be worn. Skin Protection:

Coveralls which cover all body, arms and legs.

Respirators:

Use Air-Purifying Respirators or Air-Supplying Respirators

depending on the nature of work and atmosphere .


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Respirators

Air-Purifying Respirators

Filters dangerous substances from the air.

You must know what hazardous substance are present

in the confined space.

NEVER use an APR in oxygen deficient confined

spaces!

Air-Supplying Respirators

Deliver a safe supply of breathing air from a tank or an

uncontaminated source.

Must be adequately monitored.


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Enter to space and proceed with job

An attendant shall be posted at the entrance. Heshall be in constant communication with the

entrants while the job is in progress.

All entrants shall sign the sign in log before

entering the space and sign out when exiting theconfined space.

The attendant shall maintain the permit and sign

in log for the duration of the work.

PERIODIC RE TESTING


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Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;

After a 10 minute ventilation period (if ventilation is

necessary);

At least 4 hour for permit-required confined spaces. More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.

Always try to find the bad air with the monitor

PERIODIC RE-TESTING


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NOTICE

Any time a limit is exceeded, no matter what the

reason, all personnel shall immediately exit the

space, and no others shall enter until atmosphericconditions are returned to safe levels.

THERE ARE NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS!


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Was The Tank Tested?

Wh th j b i d


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When the job is done

Remove all personnel, tools, and debris from the

space. Sign off the log.

Close the space.

Cancel the permit.

Review the job with the client (hazards, problems,other employers, etc.).


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Entrant Responsibilities

Know the hazards faced during entry

including warnings and consequences.Understand MSDS.

To assure that the space has beenadequately ventilated, isolated, emptied, or

otherwise made safe for entry. To communicate with the attendant as

necessary and immediately exit a space,when advised by the attendant, no matterwhat the reason.

To follow all safety rules and procedures thatapply to the job.

Proper use of PPE.


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Attendant/Hole Watch


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Attendant Responsibilities

To know the potentials hazards of the confined space. To monitor entrants during the job and during entry &

exit to help insure their safety.

The attendant may not abandon his post for any

reason while personnel are in the space unlessrelieved by another qualified attendant.

To monitor atmospheric conditions in the space prior

to and during entry.

To communicate with authorized entrants as

necessary and to alert entrants of need to evacuate.

To control access to the confined space.


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To assess hazards in and around the space, and take

actions.

Orders entrants to evacuate when:

Detecting a prohibited condition ( ventilation).

There is a change from the initial conditions.

Detecting a situation outside the space that may

endanger the authorized entrants ( storms, etc.)

Communication interrupted or difficult to maintain.

To summon emergency assistance as needed.

To keep records of confined space work, such as air

test results, personnel entry/exit, etc.

Attendant Responsibilities

S i R ibiliti


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Supervisor Responsibilities

To assure adequate protection is provided to

the entrants by verifying adequate lockout /

tagout and that all hazards are securely

isolated.

To ensure that necessary permits are

complete and the MSDS are attached to the

permit as needed.

To ensure required tests have been

performed.

To ensure equipment required by permits isin place

To support the attendants authority in

controlling access to a confined space.



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To assure that all personnel involved are aware of

the hazards associated with the space.

To assure that emergency services are available

prior to entry and ensure they are known to

attendants and entrants.

To verify that all personnel have exited prior to

closing the space.

To terminate and cancel permits.



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Rescue & Emergency Services

Means of emergency

rescuemust be

readilyavailableto

the confined spaceentry attendant for

emergency

extrication of

entrants.

R & E S i


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RESCUE TYPES:

Horizontal : Entry rescue

Vertical : Non-entry rescue

SAFELINE

SAFELINE

ENTRY RESCUES NON- ENTRY RESCUES


R & E S i


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A means must be provided forboth safe normal entry or exit ,

and emergency extrication.

Tripods with hoist, lifeline, and

full body harness are often

used foremergency extrication.

Fi t Aid


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First Aid measures

In all case of doubt, or when

symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Never give anything by mouth to

an unconscious person.

Inhalation :

Remove to fresh air, keep patient warm and at rest.

Seek immediate medical attention.

Give nothing by mouth.


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CONFINED SPACE

AUTHORISED PERSONNEL ONLY

DANGER

Documents

Confined Space Entry Training