Confined Space Entry Hazards Tanks and Pits

8/9/2019 Confined Space Entry Hazards Tanks and Pits

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Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry

Safety Department

Haldia Petrochemical Limited


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Why are we here?

Company require that all employees who must enter intoconfined spaces receie trainin! as to the hazards"

procedures and equipment required to do so safely#


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%efinitions&

The entrant is the person who enters a confined space#

The attendant is the person who stays with the entrant

outside the confined space" and is responsi'le for assistin!

the entrant in e(itin! the confined space" and callin! for

emer!ency assistance when required#

The safety representatie is the qualified person whoealuates the hazards" prescri'es required equipment

and precautions and issues the Confined Space Entry )ermit#


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+oals and ,'-ecties&

At the end of this session you will&

o 'e familiar with the hazards and requirements

of .safe/ confined space entry#


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Confined Space Entry HazardsConfined Space Entry Hazards

oth animal and plant life

require o(y!en to lie# ,ne of the

primary hazards of enterin!confined spaces is o(y!en

deficiency#

When o(y!en is present inconcentrations less than 13#04

the atmosphere is said to 'e

o(y!en deficient#

,2

,2


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,(y!en can also 'e present

in concentrations that are

too hi!h#

,(y!en in concentrations

!reater than 2$4 is too

o(y!en rich and can cause

com'usti'le materials toi!nite ery quic6ly#


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,(y!en deficiency can 'e caused 'y seeral

processes&

Consumption& o(y!en is used up 'y the person who is in theconfined space and turned into car'on

dio(ide#

%isplacement& denser materials push the o(y!en out of

the occupied space#

8eaction& o(y!en is reacted with other materials

to ma6e other compounds#


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The human 'ody requires

o(y!en to carry out cellular

meta'olism# ,(y!en is 'rou!ht in throu!h the lun!s

and transported to cells of

'ody or!ans 'y the red

'lood cells# When 'lood is

rich in o(y!en it turns red#

,2C,2After o(y!en is deliered

to 'ody or!ans and used

'y or!an cells" it reactswith car'on to ma6e

car'on dio(ide# 8ed

'lood cells carryin!

car'on dio(ide turn

'lue# Car'on dio(ide is

carried 'ac6 to the lun!s

'y the red 'lood cells

and e(haled into the

surroundin! atmosphere#


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C,2

,2+ien a fi(ed amount of o(y!en

as you would hae in a confined

space" respiration of o(y!en

causes car'on dio(ide toincrease# When o(y!en

decreases to less than 13#04#

the atmosphere is said to 'e o(y!en

deficient" puttin! occupants ofthe confined space at ris6 of

losin! consciousness and death#


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)rocesses which operate 'y the

principle of com'ustion use up

o(y!en much faster than the

human respiration#

)roducts of com'ustion ary

with the fuel that is present and

the temperature of the com'ustion

reaction# Weldin!" 'urnin! natural

!as" propane" !asoline" and diesel

en!ines are e(amples of com'ustion

processes#

C,2H2:

;,(

C,

,2 fuel


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To(ic and flamma'le

materials are sometimes

put into sanitary" ,WSand storm sewers#

>ea6in! tan6s or spills

may mi!rate under

!round causin! seepa!e

into manholes#

??

??

????


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Sudden releases of

fluid solids" such as

!ranulated salt" su!ar"or sand" liquids" and

dense !ases can cause

en!ulfment of persons

inside under!round

tan6s" or pits#

When torrential forces

are suddenly released" people may 'e struc6

'y moin! o'-ects " or

'e pushed helplessly

downstream#


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Trenches" raines and other

e(caations may also

'e considered confined

spaces" if there is a potential for accumulation

of to(ic !ases" en!ulfment

andor the depletion of

o(y!en#

?


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The entry of a confined space 'e!ins with a

H,T W,8@ Confined Space Entry )ermit#

Hot Wor6 Confined space entry )ermit

Si! BSCD

Si! BEn!ineer


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Each process hazard to which

the entrant may 'e e(posed"

ad-acent operations or processes"

and scheduled actiity

are reiewed#

or each hazard identified"

countermeasures are detailed on the

Confined Space Entry )ermit#


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Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryA+ST tests the space for

hazardous concentrations

of 6nown harmful

su'stances" such ashydro!en sulfide"

car'on mono(ide" and

flamma'le liquid or !as#

The concentration

of o(y!en is measured

at the same time#


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f concentrations of

materials are found to

'e at harmful leels"

the confined spacemust 'e entilated to

remoe them 'efore

entry#

??

??

??

??

resh Air

resh outside

air is 'lown into

the space to diluteand remoe

contaminants" and

supply o(y!en#

resh outside

air is 'lown into

the space to diluteand remoe

contaminants" and

supply o(y!en#

,2 ,2

,2

,2


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Should the concentration

of contaminants remainat harmful leels"

respirators may hae to

'e worn to assure a safe

air supply#

Should the concentration

of contaminants remainat harmful leels"

respirators may hae to

'e worn to assure a safe

air supply#

??

??

??

resh Air

,2 ,2

,2

,2

??


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ConfinedConfined

Space EntrySpace EntryA means must 'e proided

for 'oth safe normal entry

or e(it " and emer!encye(trication# Tripods with hoist"

lifeline" and full 'ody harness

are often used for emer!ency

e(trication# >adders may 'eused for ordinary entry and

e(it#


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ConfinedConfined

Space EntrySpace Entryarriers to preent passers'y

and the curious from fallin!into the openin! must 'e put

in place#

Holes and openin!s must 'e

closed or !uarded when notattended#


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ConfinedConfined

Space EntrySpace Entry

)lace warnin! si!ns where pedestrians can see them#

Si!ns must state the hazard

and the required action#

CAUTION

Opening in Ground

Keep Out !


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Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry Confined Space ntry ermit

"e#uirements

Eye protection yes no

8espiratory protection yes no

Continuous Fentilation yes no

ody )rotection yes no

Hand )rotection yes nooot )rotection yes no

Weather )rotection yes no

Confined Space ntry ermit

"e#uirements

Eye protection yes no

8espiratory protection yes no

Continuous Fentilation yes no

ody )rotection yes no

Hand )rotection yes nooot )rotection yes no

Weather )rotection yes no

8equired countermeasures include

personal protectie equipment

for hazards e(pected to 'e found

within the confined space#

Eye and head in-uries are always

a potential" therefore safety !lasses

and hard hats are required wear

for entrants#

,ther conditions may require the

use of respirators" safety shoes"

protectie !loes" and other

personal protectie equipment#


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o

%an!er

%o not useG

o

%an!er

%o not useG

Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry Confined Space ntry ermit

"e#uirements

+round ault nterruption yes no

>oc6out of Hazardous

Ener!y Sources yes no


"e#uirements

+round ault nterruption yes no

>oc6out of Hazardous

Ener!y Sources yes no

8equired countermeasures also

include preention of electrical

shoc6 hazards due to loss of

earth !round for porta'le tools#

+Cs are required for porta'leelectric toolin!#

There may also 'e a need to

loc6out and ta! equipment 'oth

in the confined space and onad-acent equipment and processes#


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H2S

HC;

Entrants must leae the

confined space when the

monitor alarm is actiated#

t is the attendants

responsi'ility to see that

the entrant leaes the

space durin! an alarm#

Entrants must leae the

confined space when the

monitor alarm is actiated#

t is the attendants

responsi'ility to see that

the entrant leaes the

space durin! an alarm#CH*

C,

C,2

,2

Entrants must constantly monitor

the confined space for to(ic !ases"

o(y!en" and com'usti'le !ases#

Entrants will 'e issued a personalmonitor to wear

for this

purpose#


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Should conditions deelop

which require e(trication"

and the entrant cannot

!et out of the confinedspace on their own"

the attendant must

call for emer!ency

assistance at onceG

Should conditions deelop

which require e(trication"

and the entrant cannot

!et out of the confinedspace on their own"

the attendant must

call for emer!ency

assistance at onceG


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The attendant should

attempt to remoe the

entrant from the confined

space usin! tripods" hoist" and

lifelines# Attendants are ;,T

T, E;TE8 C,;;E%

S)ACES# >ethal hazards may

'e present within the confined

space# ,nly properlyequipped

and trained emer!ency rescue

personnel may enter confined

spaces to ma6e rescues#

The attendant should

attempt to remoe the

entrant from the confined

space usin! tripods" hoist" and

lifelines# Attendants are ;,TT, E;TE8 C,;;E%

S)ACES# >ethal hazards may

'e present within the confined

space# ,nly properlyequipped

and trained emer!ency rescue

personnel may enter confined

spaces to ma6e rescues#


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Confined Space Entry SummaryConfined Space Entry Summary

Confined space entry hazards can include&

the presence of to(ic su'stances

insufficient o(y!en" or too much o(y!en

en!ulfment

presence of com'usti'le !ases and liquids

process or equipment related hazards#

conditions chan!in! from nonhazardous to hazardous#


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$ocation and description of confined space%

"eason for entry%

ermit issued to%

Super&isor's Name%

Attendant's name%

ermit issuer's name%

( o)ygen% ( lower e)plosi&e limi t% ppm CO% *+S%

"e#uirements

Emer!ency 8escuer yes no

Continuous +as oc6out of Hazardous

Ener!y yes no


$ocation and description of confined space%

"eason for entry%

ermit issued to%

Super&isor's Name%

Attendant's name%

ermit issuer's name%

( o)ygen% ( lower e)plosi&e limit% ppm CO% *+S%

"e#uirements

Emer!ency 8escuer yes no

Continuous +as oc6out of Hazardous

Ener!y yes no

8equired countermeasures are

determined 'y a qualified safety

)rofessional Am'assadors#

,nce the required countermeasuresare in place" a permit is issued 'y

the SC )ermit ssuer and the

confined space may 'e safely

entered#

Should an emer!ency arise durin!

the entry" the attendant notifies

an emer!ency response team and

attempts to e(tricate the entrant#


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Confined Space

Safe Work Permit Required

CA=T,;

Confined spaces are required to 'e la'eled# Some spaces

may hae 'een oerloo6ed# Contact Safety Team

when in dou't# t is up to you to o'ey si!ns and to follow

permit procedures 'efore entry#


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Where to +et Help?Where to +et Help?

The superisor of a confined space entry should 'e contacted

for any equipment necessary to complete the tas6 at hand#

Safety 8epresentaties are responsi'le for answerin! questionsa'out the confined space entry permit" countermeasures"

samplin! methods" and instrumentation#


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Confined Space Entry Hazards Tanks and Pits