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8/6/2019 Condenser 2
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THAKUR SHAKEEL
09162
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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WHAT IS A CONDENSOR?
The condensers are heat exchangers which
convert steam from its gaseous to its liquidstate at a pressure below atmospheric
pressure.
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PURPOSE
In thermal power plants, the purpose of a
surface condenser is to condense the exhauststeam from a steam turbine to convert the
steam into pure water so that it may be reused
in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed
water.
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DIAGRAM OF WATER-COOLED
CONDENSER:
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THREE STAGES OF
CONDENSATION Desuperheating
Condensation
Sub-cooling
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DE-SUPERHEATING
Desuperheating, sometimes called
attemperation or steam conditioning, is
the reduction of gas temperature.
Its most common purpose is to reduce
the temperature from a steam through
the direct contact with the water.
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CONDENSATION
Condensation is the change of the
physical state of matter from gaseousphase into liquid phase, and is the
reverse of evaporation.
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SUB-COOLING
Sub-cooling is done for to avoid pump
cavitations or destruction of pump.
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PARTS OF CONDENSER:
SHELL
VACUUM SYSTEM
TUBE SHEETS
TUBES
WATER BOXES
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Condenser
(shell) The shell is the condenser's outermost body
and contains the heat exchanger tubes.
The shell is fabricated from carbon steel platesand is stiffened as needed to provide rigidityfor the shell.
When required by the selected design,intermediate plates are installed to serve asbaffle plates that provide the desired flow pathof the condensing steam.
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Condenser
(shell)PURPOSE:
It protects the tubes from the outer dust
particles.
The plates are also provided to prevent
sagging of long tubes called as baffle.
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Condenser
(vacuum system)
For water-cooled surface condensers, the
shell's internal vacuum is most commonly
supplied and maintained by an
external steam jet ejector system.
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Condenser
(vacuum system)PURPOSE:
An ejector system uses steam as themotive fluid to remove any non-
condensable gases that may be present in
the surface condenser.
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Condenser
(tube sheets)PURPOSE:
These tube sheets have holes for the tubes
to be inserted and rolled.
Because of the rolled tubes another cycle
of condensation take place and more heat
rejection can be done.
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Condenser
(tubes)
Generally the tubes are made of stainless
steel, copper alloys such as brass or
bronze, copper nickel, or titanium
depending on several
selection criteria.
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Condenser
(tubes)PURPOSE:
These are the flow path for the water.
Because of the good thermal conductivityof stainless steel, tubes absorbs largeamount of heat from the steam.
And that heat absorbs by the water comingin the condenser.
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CONDENSER
(WATERB
OXES)
The tube sheet at each end
with tube ends rolled, for
each end of the condenser is closed by afabricated box cover known as a waterbox,with flanged connection to the tube sheet orcondenser shell.
The waterbox is usually provided with manholes on hinged covers to allow inspection andcleaning.
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Limitations
CORROSION
HUGE SPACE
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CORROSION
The tubes, the tube sheets
and the water boxes may be
made up of materials having different
compositions and are always in contactwith circulating water.
This water, depending on its chemicalcomposition, will act as
an electrolyte between the metalliccomposition of tubes and water boxes.
This will give rise to electrolytic corrosion.
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Huge space for arrangement
In industries condenser need huge
space for installations.
Because of large size of Condenser.
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THANK YOU