Concept for 21 Century

8/9/2019 Concept for 21 Century

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Concept for 21 century

1) Automated Manual transmission

An AMT electronic system is an advanced control for gear shifting. This electronically

actuated and synchronized clutch and gear-box is able to improve the driving experience

(especially in city traffic) thanks to its capacity to complete the clutch and gear-shift

operations much more quickly and precisely than the human driver. The following block

diagram is the AMT solution provided by ST.


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Start stop system

The idle time for a vehicles internal combustion engine can be reduced using a start-stop system

that automatically shuts down and restarts the engine, so minimizing the idle time.

Several implementations based on different technical solutions (cold and hot starters,alternator/starter, etc.) are possible. However, the start-stop system must not distort the driving

perception and it requires that all the vehicles devices have to correctly keep their combustion-

engine functionality on.


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Mechatronic Throttle Drive

ST provides a smart monolithic IC for mechatronic solutions driving DC motors. Suitable

applications are in the field of drive-by-wire concepts such as e-throttle and advanced turbo-

charger control systems. ST has the right answer for mechatronic drive-by-wire solutions.


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2) Electric traction

Electric vehicles are powered by electric motors supplied by rechargeable electric energy storage systems. Seveschemes to implement the propulsion system are already available, as well as several solutions to recharge the po

accumulators. A good solution for light-weight, small-size vehicles is a low-voltage electric traction system. T

embedded electronics must have high reliability standards to ensure the best power usage under all conditions. Wts broad product portfolio of power switches (MOSFETs), coupled with its ICs and microcontrollers, ST ensures

best solutions for your electric traction application.

3) Power Steering

Electric power-assisted steering systems have gained a wide market over many years. The main advantages of thesesystems over hydraulic-actuated systems is the use of an electric motor to power the steering wheels of the vehicle,

which reduces the power demand on the engine and so improves fuel saving. Power steering systems provide highe

orque at lower vehicle speed and lower torque at higher vehicle speed. With its broad product portfolio of power


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drivers for brushless motor control, coupled with advanced microcontrollers, ST ensures a good choice for any pow

steering application. A sampling of ST products that are applicable to power-steering control systems can be found

he following block diagram.

4)EV (Electric vehicle)

A battery electric vehicle, or BEV, is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stor

n rechargeable battery packs. As with other electric vehicles, BEVs use electric motors and motor

controllers instead of internal combustion engines (ICEs) for propulsion Electric Cars use the energy

stored in a battery (or series of batteries) for vehicle propulsion. Electric motors provide a clean and

safe alternative to the internal combustion engine. There are many pros and cons about electric cars

The electric vehicle is known to have faster acceleration but shorter distance range than convention


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engines. They produce no exhaust but require long charging times.

Parallel hybrid: Parallel hybrid systems, which are most commonly produced at present, have bo

an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor connected to a mechanical transmission.

Most designs combine a large electrical generator and a motor into one unit, often located between combustion engine and the transmission, replacing both the conventional starter motor and the

alternator.

Series-Hybrid: Series-hybrid vehicles are driven only by electric traction. Unlike piston internal

combustion engines, electric motors are efficient with exceptionally high power to weight ratios

providing adequate torque over a wide speed range. Unlike combustion engines electric motors

matched to the vehicle do not require a transmission between the engine and wheels shifting torque

ratios. Transmissions add weight, bulk and sap power from the engine. Mechanical automatic shiftin

ransmissions can be very complex. In a series-hybrid system, the combustion engine drives an elec

generator instead of directly driving the wheels. The generator provides power for the driving electri


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motors. In short, a series-hybrid is simple, the vehicle is driven by electric motors with a generator s

providing the electric power.

Structure of a series-hybrid vehicle. The grey square represents a differential gear. An alternative arrangement (not

hown) is to have electric motors at two or four wheels.

Power-split hybrid orseries-parallel hybrid are parallel hybrids. They incorporate power-split devices allowing f

power paths from the engine to the wheels that can be either mechanical or electrical. The main principle behind thisystem is the decoupling of the power supplied by the engine (or other primary source) from the power demanded b

he driver.

Structure of a combined hybrid electric vehicle

5)HEV/EV AC/DC (battery charger)

Recharging the battery from the mains supply is mandatory for electric vehicles and optional for hybrid electric

vehicles. Mains converters are thus devices that are going to became more common. The one shown is a conversionsystem from a standard mono-phase and industrial three-phase mains supply to the DC high-voltage of the battery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hybridcombined.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hybridpeak.png


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pack.

6)Charging and Power Management

Todays Charging and Power Management Systems require high reliability electronic components to ensure safe and proper

operation under all conditions. STs BCD (Bipolar + CMOS + DMOS) family of devices (ASSP and Full Custom ICs), coupled

with an extensive standard product offering, is the obvious choice for your charging and power management needs. A

sampling of ST (a worldwide leader of analog ICs for automotive) products that are applicable to Charging and Power


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Management Systems can be found in the following block diagram.

7)Engine Cooling


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The engine cooling fan is a high duty-cycle motor essential in city traffic where the fan could be continuously on. ST

provides leading ICs for the most reliable and cost-effective DC and brushless motor operation. STs brushless electronic

components (here designed in a simplified block diagram) use the motors back EMF to detect rotor position, avoiding the

need for expensive, high-temperature Hall effect transistors.

8)Engine Management Gasoline


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Governmental regulations and energy concerns are driving the automotive industry to develop

very high performing gasoline-engine control systems. These improvements enhance electronic

applications in the fields of throttle control, gasoline direct injection and variable valve timing,

just to mention a few. ST offers a strong portfolio of advanced technologies (BCD for combining

precision analog, power, digital and non-volatile memory functions; embedded Flash 16/32-bit

microcontrollers for real-time control), coupled with an extensive standard product offering to

meet market demands. An example of this enhanced EMS can be found in the following block

diagram.

9)Electric Pump


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Electric pumps, extensively used in the latest generation of vehicles, play a more important role

in EV/HEV vehicles. Many vehicle accessories such as pumps, or electric actuation of hydraulic

braking systems, work through electric motors. Different power sizes can be implemented withthe following topology based on a specific application.

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Concept for 21 Century