Computer Computer InfrastructureInfrastructure

By: Mrs. Murphy

This slide show creating in MS PowerPoint 97

5 Components 5 Components Necessary for Necessary for

Computer OperationComputer Operation•Input Hardware

•Output Hardware

•Storage hardware

•Processing hardware

•Communications hardware

The MotherboardThe Motherboard

Abit KT-7A AMD Processor Motherboard

main circuit board on

which the microprocessor

and all other

components are mounted

HardwareHardware• any physical component of the computer• you can touch it

Expansion CardsExpansion Cards• like a small circuit

board

• contains what is necessary to perform a specialized task

• contain chips that add new features to a computer

• e.g. a graphics card, sound card

cardsgo here

Peripheral Peripheral DevicesDevices

• external devices connected to the computer cabinet but are not inside the main cabinet

Laser printer

Input HardwareInput Hardware• the physical parts

of the computer that accept data (information) and convert it into a form that can be used for computer processing

KeyboardKeyboard• used to enter words &

numbers into the computer.• also has keys called

function keys: used to enter specific software

commands as a shortcut.

• cursor (insertion point): symbol

on the screen that shows where data may be entered next.

An ergonomic keyboard

Pointing Pointing DevicesDevices

• devices that control the position of the cursor or pointer on the screen

trackball

trackballs

touchpad

mouse

joystick

MouseMouse

• rolled on a desktop to direct a pointer on the monitor

cordless mouse

optical mouse (no mouse ball)

first mouse ever!

JoystickJoystick• a vertical handle, like a

gearshift lever, mounted on a base with one or two buttons

• often used for playing computer games

TrackballTrackball• moveable ball on a stationary

device • rotated with the fingers or your

palm• sometimes found on laptop

computers

TouchpadTouchpad• flat rectangular device • uses a very weak electrical field to

sense the user’s touch• as the fingertip is moved, so does the

cursor

Lap top touchpad

Graphics Tablet Graphics Tablet (Pablo)(Pablo)

• draw on the tablet with the pressure sensitive pen

• can be used instead of a mouse

Light PenLight Pen• light sensitive pen-like device• user brings the pen to a specific spot

on the display screen• “click” by pressing the pen button • it identifies the screen

location to the computer• sometimes used by

engineers and graphic designers

Touch ScreenTouch Screen• a video display screen that has

been sensitised to receive input from the touch of a finger.

Bar Code ReaderBar Code Reader• a photoelectric scanner that

translates the bar code symbols into digital code

MicrophoneMicrophone• provides sonic input to the sound

card

ScannerScannertranslates images of text, drawings and photos into digital form

Output HardwareOutput Hardware• devices that provide the user with a

way of viewing and using information produced by the computer

MonitorMonitor• a device that displays softcopy output

resolution: clarity or sharpness of a monitorthe higher number of pixels, the clearer the image

Soft v.s. Hard Soft v.s. Hard CopyCopy

• hard copy: output that can be physically held in your hand

soft copy: output displayed on a monitor or by speakers (sound)

PrintersPrinters

Laser printer Colour bubble jet

Colour ink jet

allows your work to be re-created on a sheet of paper or acetate

Laser PrintersLaser Printers• works like a photocopier• images created on a drum• treated with magnetically charged

ink like toner (powder) • transferred from a

drum to paper

Laser printer

Ink-Jet PrinterInk-Jet Printer• forms images with little dots• sprays small, electrically charged

droplets of ink from four nozzles from holes in a matrix

Colour ink jet

Bubble-jet Bubble-jet printerprinter

• similar to an ink jet printer • uses miniature heating elements

to force special ink through print heads with 128 tiny nozzles

Colour bubble jet

SpeakersSpeakers• allow the digital sound to be heard

PlottersPlotters used to produce high quality

graphics used to create architectural drawings

and maps Drum plotter

Flatbed plotter

Digital CameraDigital Camera• a light sensitive processor chip

captures photographic images in digital form on the camera’s small disk

• both an input and output device

Storage HardwareStorage Hardware

• devices that let you store software and data

RAM

Bit v.s. byteBit v.s. byte1. Bit smallest unit of capacity2. Byte represents one character, digit,

or other value= 8 bits

3. Kilobyte =1024 bytes

4. Megabyte measurement computer’scapacity

describes main memory, floppydisks, and CD ROMs.

=approx. 1 millionbytes (1,048,576)

5. Gigabyte Unit of capacity for hard drivesand mainframes.

=approx. 1 billionbytes(1,073,741,824)

6. Terabyte unit of capacity for mainframesand supercomputers

=approx. 1 trillionbytes(1,009,511,627,776)

Primary StoragePrimary Storage

RAM ROM

• temporary working storage of the computer• contents ARE erased when the power is turned off• contained on memory chips on the motherboard• chips remember, temporarily, information supplied

by you or software

Random Access Memory Random Access Memory (RAM)(RAM)

• memory that temporarily holds data and instructions that will be needed shortly by the processor

• it is constantly being written on and erased

• the more you have, the faster the software will operate

RAM

Read-Only Memory Read-Only Memory (ROM)(ROM)

• you cannot write on it or erase it• the chips remember,

permanently, information supplied by the manufacturer

• one of the chips contains instructions that tell the processor what to do when you first turn on, or “boot” the computer (ROM bootstrap)

Cache memoryCache memory bridge between the CPU and RAM special high-speed memory that the

processor can access quickly allows the processor to run faster

because it doesn’t have to take time to swap instructions in and out of RAM

Secondary StorageSecondary Storage• used to store information in a

relatively permanent manner• data is NOT lost when the power is

turned off

Hard DriveHard Drive (disk)(disk) holds software and data thin, but rigid, metal or glass platters

covered with a substance that allows data to be held in the form of magnetised spots

tightly sealed within an enclosed unit to prevent any foreign matter from getting inside

Exterior of hard drive

Interior of hard drive

Read write heads on the arm

Discs on a drive spindle

Floppy DriveFloppy Drive• a device that

holds, spins, and reads data from and writes data to the diskette

Floppy disk: removable, round, flat piece of plastic that stores data and programs as electromagnetic charges on a metal oxide film that coats the plastic

CD ROMCD ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory)(Compact Disk Read Only Memory)

optical disk format that is used to hold software programs and data

holds up to 680 MB of data they can be internal or external use optical disk technology

ZIP/JAZ driveZIP/JAZ drive removable hard disk drives work like floppy drives hold GB worth of data on hard disks disks can be removed and replaced

by others

Zip Drive Jaz Drive Jaz Drive

Processing HardwareProcessing Hardware

• combination of:• the electronic circuitry that does the

processing• the memory that supports the

processing

RAM ROM

CPUCPU (Central Processing Unit) (Central Processing Unit)

The processing/computing part of the computercontrols and manipulates data to produce informationmicroprocessor: CPU in a microcomputer

Communications Communications HardwareHardware

• devices used to assist in the connections between computers and between groups of connected computers

external modem

Network Interface Card Network Interface Card (NIC)(NIC)

enables a computer to send and receive messages in a network

need one to be attached to a network

ModemModem• device that converts digital signals

to analog ones in order to send signals over telephone lines and into your computer (or vice versa)

external modeminternal modem

PowerPoint in the PowerPoint in the ClassroomClassroom

http://www.actden.com/pp/• This site is an excellent tutorial• very student (& adult) friendly-easy to follow

instructions• great graphics• walks you through each task step-by-step by

showing you the actual dialogue box/dropdown menu for every step

• a simple layout (not too much text on a screen)• a quick quiz on each tutorial section• I would use this in my classroom!

CitationsCitations• www.cheap-computers-guide.com/ cheap-computer-cases.html (computer case)

• www.pclincs.co.uk/acatalog/ (ergonomic keyboard)

• ece.clemson.edu/ (CPU Chip)

• www.demonatthus.net/focus/ f-a020610a.html (cordless mouse)

• www.ebiz-on.com/ (normal moitor)

• www.techsoft.com/ (flat monitor)

• www.dici.net/mission.htm (computer)

• dtech.co.za/multimedia.htm (normal keyboard)

• www.estrada-onstage.com/ e/e.asp?durki=28 (faded keyboard)

• company.monster.co.uk/bccuk/ (normal mouse)

• www.nsi.be/products.htm (multiple trackballs)

• www.acm.org/sigchi/chi97/proceedings/ short-talk/sm.htm (touchpad)

• www.thepc.info/mouse.html (trackball)

• reviews.macnn.com/reviews/ saitek/cyborg.shtml (joystick)

• www.afosr.af.mil/pages/ rhjun99.htm (first mouse)

• www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/ ~hccrs/INPUT.HTM (web cam)

Citations Con’tCitations Con’t• www.bysoft.se/sureshot/ bluesaver/ (black flat monitor)

• it.wce.wwu.edu/344/manual/glossary/ pix/laser%20printer.jpg (laser printer)

• scanweb.hypermart.net/images/ misc/scanner.jpg (scanner)

• www.keyence.com/news/ bl80new.gif (bar code reader)

• www.epinions.com/ Canon_S200_Color_Bubble_Jet_Printer__P… (colour bubble jet printer)

• www.racoindustries.com/ zebekit.htm (pen bar code reader)

• www.readerware.com/help/ rwBarCode.html (bar code)

• www.criticism.com/riswan.html (ink jet printer)

• www.equator.ac.uk/technology/ storytent/ (touch screen)

• www.mitek.co.uk/tfm12.html (touch screen with guy in it)

• http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/sonydscp71/(digital camera)

• www.cw2.co.uk/images/ px1_3067.gif (light pen with monitor)

• www.sincuser.f9.co.uk/ 030/hardwre2.jpg (light pen)

• www.hanho.com/image/ microphone-2.jpg (microphone with pen)

• www.mpsuperstore.com/Electronics/ discr21038.htm (microphone)

Citations Con’tCitations Con’t• www.mypcmadness.com/images/ gateway_solo/touchpad.jpg (laptop touchpad

• mpc.fab.free.fr/atari/ photo8b/trackball.jpg (Atari trackball)

• www.serc.iisc.ernet.in/ ~pcf/drum.gif (drum plotter)

• www.sericol.com/imaging/website/ Equipment/Equipment.htm (flatbed plotter)

• www.piranhatech.com/images/products/ black%20speakers.jpg (black speakers)

• www.pcsuppliesuk.co.uk/cgi-bin/ CatPics/speakers.jpg (speakers)

• www.cdromshop.com/cdshop/ img/p.080236102600.jpg (headphones)

• www.hayesmicro.com/ graphics/modem.jpg (external modem)

• www.servicioalpc.com/ images/modem.jpg(internal modem)

• www.vrttechweb.com/.../ Hard%20Drive%20Failure.htm (hard drive inside)

• www.emperorlinux.com/ acc_memory.html (RAM)

• www.hddrecovery.com.au/ (hard drive close up)

• www.gadgetguru.com/ ReplayTV%20Hard%20Drive.jpg (hard drive in motherboard)

• www.bophoto.com/WinCE/ Articles/Floppy.html (discs)

• www.pclincs.co.uk/acatalog/ floppy%20drive.jpg (floppy drive)

• www.ultrared.com/cdmanu.htm (CD)

Citations Con’tCitations Con’t• www.insectria.org/ b128/rom.jpg (ROM)

• www.help-net.com/.../ picture_tour_of_a_computer.htm (outside of hard drive)

• http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard2.htm (motherboard)

• www.tomshardware.com/howto/01q1/ 010212/socket5-06.html (cache memory)

• itdc.lbcc.cc.ca.us/saltweb/ hardware/jaz.html (Jaz Drive)

• www.amr-solutions.com/ what-we-do_hardware.htm (Jaz Drive with disk)

• www.macdevcenter.com/.../mac/2002/ 09/13/pc_peripherals.html (Zip Drive)

• www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/ ~hccrs/HARDWARE.HTM (expansion cards & definition)

• www.cheap-computers-guide.com/ images/cpu-installation.jpg (CPU Installation)

• www.xanthosmicrosystems.com/ ~joachim/pvax-cpu.jpg (CPU up close)

• www.linksys.com/tech_helper/ tempimages/nic.jpg (NIC up Close)

• www.accton.com/.../product/nic/ images/nic_en1048-t_all.gif (NIC)

• www.orblanhouse.com/ orb/maquinas.asp (Optical mouse)

• www.macdirectory.com/Reviews/ Input/Index2.html (Pablo - graphics tablet)

• www.eswack.com/cart/ en-us/dept_61.html (CD ROM Drive)

• members.aol.com/lucifer127/ thanks.htm (thanks pic)

• www.zooish.com/Cartoons.htm (hand waving)

Thank you for viewing my slideshow