COMPUTER HARDWARE

Made By Anila BhattiMade By Anila BhattiDA Public School (O&A Levels) - SeaviewDA Public School (O&A Levels) - Seaview

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Learning outcomes

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

•Define what is Computer Hardware. •Understand the hardware of Modern

personal computer.•Understand about:

▫CPU or Microprocessor▫Memory ▫Storage devices▫Input devices ▫output devices

What is Computer Hardware?

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Computer HardwareAll the elements that go together to make up a PC

fall into one of two categories, hardware or software. This section is about hardware, the stuff

upon which software runs.

One of the definitions of 'hardware' according to Webster's dictionary is 'major items of equipment or their components

used for a particular purpose'.

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Everything you can see and touch in your PC is Everything you can see and touch in your PC is hardware.hardware.

Hardware of a modern Hardware of a modern personal computerpersonal computer

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Computer Hardware

•Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a processor, or a microprocessor

•Memory (RAM)•Storage Devices•Input Devices•Output Devices

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Computer Hardware

•Central Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a processor or a microprocessor

•Memory (RAM)•Storage Devices•Input Devices•Output Devices

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Computer Hardware •Central

Processing Unit - also called “The Chip”, a CPU, a processor or a microprocessor

•Memory (RAM)•Storage Devices•Input Devices•Output Devices

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CPU Types

•CPU or microprocessor is often described as the brain of a computer.

•CPU is an integrated circuit or “chip” which processes instructions and data.

•CPU types.▫Intel Pentium II, III, IV▫Intel Celeron▫AMD Athlon

Memory (RAM)RAM or Random Access Memory•“Waiting room” for computer’s CPU. •Holds instructions for processing data,

processed data, and raw data.

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Memory (RAM)

•Ram is measured by:▫Capacity (in Megabytes or Gigabytes)▫Speed (in Nanoseconds)

•Amount of RAM installed will determine.▫Which software applications will run

(efficiently)?▫How many software applications can be

open simultaneously (multitasking ability)?•RAM upgrades are cost-effective and

easy to install.

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Storage Technology•Electronic devices that store, retrieve,

and save instructions and data.•Today’s microcomputers or PCs include

several types of storage devices.•Capacity and speed are important

considerations when selecting a new storage device for a PC.

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Storage Technology•Magnetic storage

devices store data by magnetizing particles on a disk or tape. They have a limited life-span of 1 to 5 years, depending on the device.

•Optical storage devices store data as light and dark spots on the disk surface. They have an unlimited life-span.

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Storage DevicesHard Disk Drives•Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB or

billions of bytes).•Typically permanently installed.•Used to store operating system,

application software, utilities and data.•Magnetic storage device.

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Storage Devices

Floppy Disk Drives•Capacity is 1.44 to 2.0

megabytes (MB or millions of bytes).▫Storage device with the

smallest capacity▫Most portable storage

media •Magnetic storage device.

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Storage Devices

CD / DVD Drives•Typically installed on all new

computer systems. (Were add-on device until the mid 1990’s).

•Capacity is 600 to 750 megabytes (MB or millions of bytes).

•Most mass-produced commercial software is packaged on a CD.

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Storage Devices

CD/DVD Drives•Used more often now for backup

storage as CD-RW (read/write) technology has become less expensive.

•Data is read from CD by a laser.•Optical storage device.

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Storage Devices

Other Types of Drives•Zip Drives – Several different capacities

are available.•Tape Drives – Generally used for system

backups, becoming less common.•DVD drives – Can also read CDs, now

more common as a standard device on new computer systems.

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Input Devices Input is all information

put into a computer. Input can be supplied from a variety of sources: A person A storage device on

computer Another computer A peripheral device Another piece of

equipment, such as a musical instrument or thermometer

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Input Devices Input devices gather and translate

data into a form the computer understands.

Primary input device: Keyboard - Most common input

device; used to type in commands and data.

Mouse or trackball enhances user’s ability to input commands, manipulate text, images.

Joystick useful in education as an adaptive or assistive input device.

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Input DevicesInput Devices

Scanners are peripheral input devices which allow users to import: Text Graphics Images

Specialized software aids in translating information into a format the computer can understand and manipulate.

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Input Devices•Digital Cameras are peripheral

input devices that allow users to create pictures and/or movies in a digital format.▫Some require specialized

software to import images into the computer.

▫Some record digital images directly to a disk that can be read by the computer.

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Output DevicesMonitors are the most

commonly used output device.

Most monitors use a bitmap display. Allows user to resize the

display. Divides the screen into a

matrix of tiny square “dots” called pixels.

The more “dots” a screen can display, the higher the resolution of the monitor.

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Output Devices

•Monitors are connected to a computer system via a port integrated on the video adapter or graphics card.

•Graphics cards convert digital data output from software to analog data for display on monitors.

Typically have additional memory chips on card, 4MB to 64MB.

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Output Devices

Printers•Dot matrix

▫Seldom used in a classroom.▫Still frequently used in business.

•Bubble or ink jet•Laser

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Output DevicesProjection systems or classroom TVs can display information from a computer system on a larger screen for whole-class instruction.

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What is Computer Hardware?

Now you must be able to answer the question.............

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