Prepared by:Y.Archana KaruniRAM/11-16M.sc.(Ag)I Yr.

Content outlook

• Terminology• What is CAI?• Origin of CAI ?• Methods of Delivery• CAI module• Tools for designing CAI• Advantages & Disadvantages of CAI• References

Computer Assisted Instruction

• Referred to as CAI• Terminology – Computer-Based Instruction (CBI), – Web Based Instruction (WBI), – Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL), – Computer-Enriched Instruction (CEI), and – Web Based Training (WBT)

Computer Assisted Instruction

• Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place.

Origin of CAI ?

• After the development of a small commercial computer in U.S.A to process census data – around 1960

• Development of PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) - around 1964

• Development of computerized tutorials in arithmetic and reading for elementary school children by Patrick Suppes of Stanford University in 1966 and in fact he was considered to be the father of CAI.

• Drill-and-Practice• Tutorial• Simulation Activities• Games• Discovery • Problem Solving

Drill-and-practice

• The drill and practice technique assumes that the skills that have previously been presented have been given for further practice to gain mastery.

• Opportunity for the learner to practice material an unlimited number of times

• Best method for material that requires repeated practice to master (ex: multiplication tables)

Drill-and-practice

Drill-and-Practice

• Educating farmers about the importance of integrated pest management.

•Educating individuals about the importance of food safety.

Games

• Games use the instructional material to create a contest for the learner

• The learner can compete against his own personal best, the computer, or other learners while mastering the material

Games

• The use of computer games is a valuable resource to reinforce instructional material.

• The teacher can teach the content in a traditional manner and then use CAI to allow the student practice with the information learned.

• Programs tend to resemble a game format which motivates the student and captivates their interest.

In the following game the 1 pops up then the 1 dog pops up in the rectangle. Then the 3 pops up and 3 dogs go into the rectangle.

The voice then talks the student through the math problem.

It then prompts the student with the hand pointing towards the correct answer.

www.starfall.com

The correct answer is clicked and dragged to the answer box.

www.starfall.com

The objects then jumps down to the number line and represent the total

number of objects.

www.starfall.com

Simulation

• Simulation software is an ingenious resource that can provide an approximation of reality that does not require the expense of real life or its risks.

• Simulation provides safety of learning environment

Simulation

• This technique can be used (and is not limited to) teaching individuals about the importance of emergence preparedness, how to handle disease outbreaks, the effects of bioterrorism and environmental health.

Discovery

• Discovery software usually provides a large database of information specific to a specific content area and challenges the learner to analyze, compare, infer and evaluate based on their explorations of the data.

• Provides the learner with an opportunity to draw his own conclusions

Problem Solving• Problem Solving software

teaches specific problem solving skills and strategies. This technique can be used by presenting multiple health scenarios to participants asking them to solve the problem and providing feedback to them about their health choices.

Tutorial

• Most popular method of Computer Assisted Instruction

• Often combines presentation of information and its extension into drill-and-practice, games, or a simulation to emphasize material and assist in learning.

• E.g.: Use of soil solarization

CAI moduleComputer

Message & Question

Student’s response

ComputerIs the response

correct?

Computerwrong

ComputerWell done, continue

Next Question

Tools for Designing CAI Text Audio Video Multiple-choice Problems Immediate Feedback Exercises Tests Chat sessions Webcams

Pros of Computer Assisted Instruction

One-on-one interaction Freedom to experiment with learning options Immediate Feedback Self-pacing Privacy for shy/slow learners Learners have been found to learn more and more

rapidly Multimedia provides a variety of formats to present

difficult material Self-directed learning allows learners to decide when,

where and what to learn

Cons of Computer Assisted Instruction

• Learner may feel overwhelmed at the volume of material presented

• Overuse of multimedia can detract from intended learning objectives

• Inability to ask a “person” a question when material is not understood

• Equipment can malfunction• Lack of good CAI packages or lack of

infrastructure to deliver CAI

What Kind of Learners Benefit?

• Independent• Self-motivated• Enjoy receiving frequent feedback

What Kind of Learners Need Tailored CAI Tools?

• Less motivated learners• Those who require a lot of human

interaction• Learners who are distracted easily

References

• Balaguruswamy. Programming in basic.Third edition. McGraw hill publication.p.30

• www.slideshare.net• Emerson M Babb. Southern journal of

Agricultural economics .July 1987. Computer assisted instruction

for financial management

Computer Assisted Instruction

• Some CAI sites for you to check out:• http://www.ijcaonline.org/volume24/

number8/pxc3872776.pdf• http://fpc.state.gov/documents/

organization/44944.pdf social sciences crs-32• http://www.inspiration.com/• http://www.aplusmath.com/

Visual education

School museums

microcomputers1980With microcomputers, interest in using computers for instructional purposes increased. Also they were inexpensive

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