Competences I :

1. Why is Water absolutely essential for all living organisms?2. What is water polarity?3. What are the properties of water? (physiologist temperature,

cooling system, thermal buffer, etc.)4. What are the functions of water?5. What do you know about water dissociation?6. What are the relations between sensitive living systems with

water dissociation?7. How do water molecules move?8. What is the difference between diffusion and bulk (mass)

flow?9. What kind of factors that influenced the rate of diffusion?10. What is osmosis?11. What is hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solution?

Competences II:

1. What is water potential (look at the definition) ? 2. What is the benefit if we know the water pontential?3. What are the factors that affected water movement ?4. What is free energy ? What are the units (satuan) related to

water potential ?5. What are the components of water potential? Please explain

each of water potential components as detail as possible.6. Please explain the possibility of some water potential stages.7. Please explain how is the respond of water diffusion to the

Compentences III :1. Why an organisms usually exists in a state of gradient. (Give

the explanation wih some examples).2. What can you explain about the apoplastic and symplastic

pathways ?3. How the mechanism of apoplastic and symplastic pathways

to support flow of water and minerals from soil to the cells of the root?

4. What is the relation of endodermis – casparian strip - apoplastic/symplastic pathways.

5. What are the differences between the two components of water pontential of apoplasts and symplast although the water potential of both pathways is the same?

6. What kind of cells which water pass through them from soil into the root xylem (orderly = secara berurutan)

7. How do water and mineral enter the root ?8. Explain the TACT mechanism in supporting water movement

in xylem

Competences IV :

1. What is the function of transpiration ?2. What are the factors supported transpiration ?3. How are the mechanism of stomatal closing – opening ?4. How is the structure of guard cell so that the stoma

open/close?

Competences V :1. Explain the permeability of membrane on various chemicals.2. How does the diffusion across plasma membrane occur for

various chemicals?3. Explain kinds of integral protein involve in transport

mechanism.

4. Explain about the transport mechanism (passive/active, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, uniport/cotransport, symport/antiport)

5. How does the differences in rate of transport between simple and facilitated diffusion?

6. What is sodium-potassium pumo ?7. What are the three major class of ATPases?8. Based on Nernst equation when the transport is passive or

active ?9. What is engulfing particles ?

9. Notes for Task I:

10. Answer/explain the task with handwriting11. Try to make the answer based on your fully

understanding although you must refer to the appropriate references (article/journal/textbook, etc).

12. Please do the task no more than two pages of A4 paper.13. Don’t be hesitate to insert the picture if it is needed.