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Comparison of CompetitorRefractive Index Detectors
All of the major HPLC companies sell an RI detector. These are listed below:
Current Manufacturers selling RI Detectors
2
•Shodex
•Waters
•Shimadzu
•Knauer
•Jasco
•Hitachi
•Thermo Scientific
•Dionex
•Agilent (RI block)
These companies manufacture their own detector
These companies use Shodex detector/parts
Overview of RID Sales
Global ELSD Market - ca. 2500 units/year
Key RI performance Parameters
4
Comparing performance specifications between RI detectors is difficult.
Ideally specifications should be quoted to ASTM standard
However, key performance indicators such as • Short Term Noise
• Drift
These are rarely quoted to ASTM standard and often noise values are quoted with long response times (e.g. 4 s) to give the impression of better performance.
Key RI performance Parameters
5
Short term noise is the best indicator of detector performance, it is typically quoted with no liquid flowing (static)
• Low short term –better S/N
• The best detectors have short term noise <2.5 nRIU
Good short term noise has to be matched with excellent baseline stability (drift)
• Drift is measured with flowing water at 1 mL/min
• Low drift –better S/N and reproducibility
• The best detectors have short term noise <100 nRIU/hr
• The majority of vendors don’t state drift value
Key RI performance Parameters
6
Cell volume is important in determining peak shape
• Low cell volume – lower dispersion and better S/N
• Cell volumes are typically 8 µL, but can be higher for prep RI
• Low cell volumes have to matched with low dead volume at inlet
Accurate temperature control is essential for good detector performance
Adjustable temperature range is needed for different thermal environments
• 30-50 °C is standard range for RI detectors
• Poor temperature control will be evident by high drift
Key RI performance Parameters
7
The majority of RI detectors have similar performance specifications
The key differentiators between instruments are the added features, e.g.
• Fully integrated software control into LC system
• Different sensitivity modes
• Automatic start-up/shutdown
• Performance validation
• Easy maintenance control
• Recycling valve
Overview of Shodex RI-101
8http://www.shodex.com/english/db0301a.html
Model(s)
• RI-101 Analysis (0.2 to 3.0 mL/min)
• RI-104 Semi-micro (0.2 to 1.0 mL/min)
• RI-102 Preparative (1.0 to 50 mL/min)
Performance
• Noise: <2.5 nRIU
• Drift: <100 nRIU/hr
• Cell Volume: 8 µL (2.5 µL RI-104)
• Temperature Range: OFF, 30-50 °C
NOTE: Dionex have a re-sale agreement with Shodex for this detector
Overview of Shodex RI-101
9http://www.shodex.com/english/db0301a.html
Features
• Automatic start-up function
• Two sensitivity modes
• Easy validation and calibration of the unit.
• External input and output terminals
• RS232C communication ports, enabling automation by combining the detector with various chromatographs.
Software
• Standalone Detector
• Only front panel display for control
Overview of Waters 2414 RID
10 http://www.waters.com/WatersDivision/ContentD.asp?watersit=JDRS-5KJNWU
Model
• 2414 RI Detector
Performance
• Noise: <1.5 nRIU
• Drift: <100 nRIU/hr
• Cell Volume: 10 µL
• Temperature Range: 30-55 °C
Features (Waters Web site)
• Lowest dispersion volume – However the cell volume is a large 10 µL
• Innovative thermodynamics ensures temperature stability and performance reproducibility.
• Specially designed electronics and software in the optics bench neutralizes the effects of ambient temperature changes on signal response.
•Recycling valve
Overview of Waters 2414 RID
11 http://www.waters.com/WatersDivision/ContentD.asp?watersit=JDRS-5KJNWU
Software
• Fully automation and control via Alliance system running Empower
• Integrated into Breeze system running Breeze software
Overview of Shimadzu RID-10A
12 http://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/product.cfm?product=rid10a
Model
• RID 10-A
Performance
• Noise: <2.5 nRIU
• Drift: <100 nRIU/hr
• Cell Volume: 9 µL
•Temperature Range: OFF, 30-60 °C
Features
•The RID-10A offers a unique, patented 4-partition photodiode technology that offers excellent linearity over a wide concentration range.
•It provides three operating modes for versatility over many applications:
• Analytical
•Analytical to semi-preparative (< 20 mL/min)
•Preparative (to 150 mL/min, with optional bypass valve)
Overview of Shimadzu RID-10A
13
http://www.ssi.shimadzu.com/products/product.cfm?product=rid10a
Features
• Double temperature-controlled housing to minimize baseline drift and enable fast instrument warm-up.
•System checks include automatic optical balance adjustment, a ROM /RAM memory check, a ROM version indication, and a display of lamp hours and lamp energy.
Software
•Plug-and-Play fiber optic connections to System Controller(SCL-10Avp).
•Controlled via EZStart™ Software
Overview of Agilent 1200 RID
14 http://www.chem.agilent.com/Scripts/PDS.asp?lPage=230
Model
• 1200 RI Detector
Performance
• Noise: <2.5 nRIU
• Drift: <200 nRIU/hr
• Cell Volume: 8 µL
• Temperature Range: 5-55 °C
Features
• Autozero can be programmed as part of a method, which balances the photodiodes electrically, and ensures unattended operation of the detector.
• Electronic temperature regulation maintains a steady optical unit temperature up to 55 °C.
• Countercurrent heat exchangers keep the optical unit – and the flow cells – at a constant temperature.
NOTE: Agilent use the Shodex optical block in their detector
Overview of Agilent 1200 RID
15 http://www.chem.agilent.com/Scripts/PDS.asp?lPage=230
Features
• Optimum light level is adjusted automatically to compensate for lamp degradation and flow cell staining.
• Digital signal without the need for external A/D converters.
• Initial setup in typically less than two hours. Warm-up of the module is generally less than one hour for fast startup.
• Recycle valve helps to save solvent costs.
• System can purge the reference cell automatically.
• User-settable limits on time between purging.
Software
•Agilent Chemstation
• ASTM noise calculations can be performed via chemstation
Overview of Knauer 2300
16
http://www.knauer.net/e/e_index.html
Model
• Smartline 2300
Performance
• Noise: <40 nRIU
• Drift: Not Stated
• Cell Volume: 9 µL & 15 µL (prep)
•Temperature Range: Not Stated
Features
• None stated - this is a simple standalone RI detector with analogue output
Software
• Standalone only
Overview of Hitachi L-2490
17
http://www.hitachi-hta.com/pageloader~type~product~id~362~orgid~45.html
Model
• L-2490
Performance
• Noise: <2.5 nRIU
• Drift: <100 nRIU/hr
• Cell Volume: 8 µL
•Temperature Range: OFF, 30-50 °C
Features
• Same as Shodex R-101
Software
• USB connection to LaChrom Elite software
NOTE: Hitachi use the Shodex optical block in their detector
Overview of Jasco RI 2031
18 http://www.jascoinc.com/products/ch_detect7.html
Model
• RI-2031
Performance
• Noise: Not Stated
• Drift: Not Stated
• Cell Volume: Not Stated
• Temperature Range: Not Stated
Features
• Maximum Flow Rate of 50 mL/min
• Wide dynamic range and extended maximum flow rate enables semi-preparative applications.
• Time Programming Capability
Software
• EZChrom Elite software
Overview of Thermo-Scientific RI-150
19http://www.thermo.com/com/cda/product/detail/0,1055,10867,00.html
Models
• RI-150
Performance
• Noise: <2.5 nRIU
• Drift: <100 nRIU/hr
• Cell Volume: 8 µL
•Temperature Range: OFF, 30-50 °C
Features
• Low dead-volume flowcell
• Automatic lamp brightness compensation for flowcell stains
• Soft keypad for solvent resistance
• Digital display offers local user control
Software
• Atlas™ Chromatography Data System and A/D converter can collect the analog signal produced by the RI-150
NOTE: The Thermo RI-150 is a Shodex OEM
Summary of RI Market
20http://www.shodex.com/english/db0301a.html
Shodex are the market leader in refractive index detection, with many major HPLC companies choosing to OEM their detector.
The main application areas for RI detection are GPC and the food & beverage (e.g. sugar) markets.
Overview Table
21