Community Organizing and Community Organizing and Community DevelopmentCommunity Development

COMMUNITY ORGANIZINGCOMMUNITY ORGANIZING

Characteristics:Never neutral, it either contributes to preserve the status quo, or changes it.

Produces change in people, contexts, and power structures.

Realistic appreciation of “conflict” and the effective use of “power tactics”.

Involves constant action.

Progressive and liberative. Edifying, “lift’s” the spirit of the people.

Mass-based, collective, and inclusive.

““A planned, A planned, deliberate, and deliberate, and systematic systematic development development approach that shifts approach that shifts control of resources to control of resources to the people by the people by addressing the social addressing the social and political and political imbalances in the imbalances in the power relations within power relations within a community.”a community.”

““A planned, A planned, deliberate, and deliberate, and systematic systematic development development approach that shifts approach that shifts control of resources to control of resources to the people by the people by addressing the social addressing the social and political and political imbalances in the imbalances in the power relations within power relations within a community.”a community.”

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

““Is concerned with Is concerned with change and growth change and growth within communities, within communities, with giving people with giving people more power over the more power over the changes that are changes that are taking place around taking place around them, the policies them, the policies which affect them and which affect them and the services they use. the services they use. It’s concern is to help It’s concern is to help increase the well being increase the well being of the most of the most disadvantaged disadvantaged communities.”communities.”

““Is concerned with Is concerned with change and growth change and growth within communities, within communities, with giving people with giving people more power over the more power over the changes that are changes that are taking place around taking place around them, the policies them, the policies which affect them and which affect them and the services they use. the services they use. It’s concern is to help It’s concern is to help increase the well being increase the well being of the most of the most disadvantaged disadvantaged communities.”communities.”

Characteristics:Characteristics:

Increase opportunities for Increase opportunities for participation;participation;

Enable the transfer of skills Enable the transfer of skills between people;between people;

Develop self reliance;Develop self reliance;

Build organizational capacity Build organizational capacity and networks of community and networks of community groups;groups;

Ensures local ownership of Ensures local ownership of projects and decisions;projects and decisions;

Utilizes local resources to Utilizes local resources to solve local problems, and; solve local problems, and;

Effectively increases the Effectively increases the amount of social capital amount of social capital available within a available within a community.community.

GOALS OF CO GOALS OF CO

People empowerment

Building relatively permanent structures

Improved Quality of Life

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

““What we believe in and What we believe in and hold to be true.”hold to be true.”

““Characterized by strong Characterized by strong concepts and ideas about concepts and ideas about POWER as a factor in POWER as a factor in human interaction, human interaction, EMPOWERMENT as an EMPOWERMENT as an end-goal or objective, and end-goal or objective, and SELF-DETERMINATION as a SELF-DETERMINATION as a fundamental fundamental requirement.”requirement.”

““Must always be Must always be contextualized, meaning, contextualized, meaning, must be adapted to specific must be adapted to specific conditions.”conditions.”

““What we believe in and What we believe in and hold to be true.”hold to be true.”

““Characterized by strong Characterized by strong concepts and ideas about concepts and ideas about POWER as a factor in POWER as a factor in human interaction, human interaction, EMPOWERMENT as an EMPOWERMENT as an end-goal or objective, and end-goal or objective, and SELF-DETERMINATION as a SELF-DETERMINATION as a fundamental fundamental requirement.”requirement.”

““Must always be Must always be contextualized, meaning, contextualized, meaning, must be adapted to specific must be adapted to specific conditions.”conditions.”

People act on the basis of self-interest.

The situation provides the opportunity to organize the people.

The process of organizing moves from simple, concrete, short-term issues to more complex, abstract, and long-term concerns.

The experiences of the people provide the basis for all actions.

Throughout the organizing process, the people must make their own decisions.

CO PROCESSESCO PROCESSES

Examples:

• Social investigation and research

• Integration

• Issues development

• Mobilization

• Leadership development

• Structure building

• Organizational consolidation

• Lessons generation

““Movement” or a guide to Movement” or a guide to movement, or a “cook-movement, or a “cook-book”.book”.

““An end-to-end set of An end-to-end set of related tasks that together related tasks that together create value for organizing create value for organizing the people (including the the people (including the mechanisms that mechanisms that expresses organized expresses organized action).”action).”

““CO processes are radical, CO processes are radical, developmental and developmental and progressive, and are progressive, and are essentially democratic, essentially democratic, collective and collective and participatory in design and participatory in design and application.”application.”

““Movement” or a guide to Movement” or a guide to movement, or a “cook-movement, or a “cook-book”.book”.

““An end-to-end set of An end-to-end set of related tasks that together related tasks that together create value for organizing create value for organizing the people (including the the people (including the mechanisms that mechanisms that expresses organized expresses organized action).”action).”

““CO processes are radical, CO processes are radical, developmental and developmental and progressive, and are progressive, and are essentially democratic, essentially democratic, collective and collective and participatory in design and participatory in design and application.”application.”

C.O. METHODSC.O. METHODS

These include the following;

• Dialogical method

• Conflict-confrontation

• Agitation

• Popular education

• Action-reflection

• Participatory research

““A basket or collection A basket or collection of tools and means to of tools and means to bring about the CO bring about the CO goals”goals”

““These must be made These must be made consistent with the consistent with the principles and processes principles and processes and must be grounded and must be grounded on a critical reading and on a critical reading and analysis of the analysis of the organizing context. All organizing context. All CO methodologies are CO methodologies are community-based and community-based and focused/targeted.”focused/targeted.”

““A basket or collection A basket or collection of tools and means to of tools and means to bring about the CO bring about the CO goals”goals”

““These must be made These must be made consistent with the consistent with the principles and processes principles and processes and must be grounded and must be grounded on a critical reading and on a critical reading and analysis of the analysis of the organizing context. All organizing context. All CO methodologies are CO methodologies are community-based and community-based and focused/targeted.”focused/targeted.”

Phases and Steps of an Organizing ProgramPhases and Steps of an Organizing Program

Developing Issues Identification and analysis; Potential leadersBuilding “ad-hoc” structures;Tactical Planning Ground working Community meetings

Understanding the CommunityIntegration;Social Investigation;

Developing the organization for Sustainability Generating resourcesDeveloping projectsBuilding long-term programs

Building Structures and Consolidating gainsGenerating lessons (Action-Reflection)Building leadershipBuilding structuresBuilding alliances and networks

Engaging in Campaigns to build PowerPlanning and managing campaigns The role-playStrategies and tacticsMass actions and mobilizationsWinning, and loosing…

Mass-participation, Collective decision making, Continous action-reflection…

Framework for sustainable developmentTool for evaluating effectiveness of organizing work at the local levelThe framework suggests that organizing must address nine essential

areas of concern:

Framework for sustainable developmentTool for evaluating effectiveness of organizing work at the local levelThe framework suggests that organizing must address nine essential

areas of concern:

COCO BREAD FrameworkCOCO BREAD Framework

Is a merged framework of CO-CD adopting Key Result Areas (KRAs) that specify common measures in evaluating how effectively the KALAHI-CIDSS: KKB Project undertakes development work at the barangay and community level.

COCO-BREAD Concepts

CCritical, Creative, Collective Consciousness-ritical, Creative, Collective Consciousness-RaisingRaisingOOrganizational Developmentrganizational Development

CCoalition Building and Advocacy Workoalition Building and Advocacy Work

OOvercoming Gender and Other Biasesvercoming Gender and Other Biases

COCOCOCO stands for four (4) areas of concern as stands for four (4) areas of concern as the community evolves into a strong and mature the community evolves into a strong and mature peoples’ organization:peoples’ organization:

BREAD refers to the achievement of palpable gains in the areas of:

BBasic Services Delivery and Infra-structure asic Services Delivery and Infra-structure (BSI)(BSI)RResources Tenure Improvement (RTI)esources Tenure Improvement (RTI)

EEconomic Self-Reliance Strengthening conomic Self-Reliance Strengthening (ESRS)(ESRS)

AAgricultural Development and Ecology gricultural Development and Ecology Nurturance (ADEN)Nurturance (ADEN)

DDemocratic participation in Governance emocratic participation in Governance (DPG)(DPG)

COCO BREAD Areas of Concerns and Success Indicators

1. Socio-political and economic development awareness

2. Community orientedness and group centeredness

Refers to the level of awareness or consciousness of the leaders and members of the people’s organization. Specifically, this area of concern seeks to assess the PO’s:

3. Gender sensitivity

4. Ecological and cultural awareness

5. Manner by which information is gathered, processed, disseminated and used.

CCollective, Critical, Creative, Consciousness-ollective, Critical, Creative, Consciousness-Raising (CCCCR)Raising (CCCCR)

Organizational Development (OD)

1. Organizational goals and objectives

2. Organizational structures

3. Leadership/membership

4. Education programs

5. Mechanisms for Internal Relationship Enhancement

6. Financial capability of the PO

OD refers to the state of organizational functioning of the people’s organization as it moves toward fulfilling its aspirations. It seeks to know how clear and operative are the following features of their organization:

Coalition-Building and Advocacy Work (CBAW)

Coalition work is the effort undertaken by the CO initially and the People’s Organization eventually to establish common ground with other POs and sectors on an issue to issue basis. In some instances, the alliance formed is strategic in nature especially if the issue is a long term one.

Advocacy work is the effort of PO/NGO to call the public’s attention and/or the resource holder/controller (most likely the government) to an issue that needs immediate action or public mobilization.

Overcoming Gender and other Biases

The ability of the PO to recognize the gender issues in their community within the public and private sphere. It is also the capability to act on these issues by way of developing programs and measures that will ensure equality and respect for the rights of women and other marginalized sectors.

Gender biases:

Stereotyping

Domestic violence

Multiple burdens of women

Subordination

Fair sharing of parenting and housework

Participation in development work

Basic Services and Infrastructure (BSI)

This area of concern assesses the capacity of the people’s organization to ensure that their community is provided with and is capable of managing and developing the delivery of basic services, such as health care, education and training (formal and informal), credit, water, electricity, housing, pre and post harvest facilities, and the necessary infrastructure, such as farm-to-market roads.

Resource Tenure Improvement (RTI)

This area of concern seeks to know the impact of the people’s organization in improving the relationship of the people to the major natural resources such as land, water (lakes, rivers, municipal waters/deep sea), and forest resources in the community.

Economic Self-reliance StrengtheningRefers to the capability of the people’s organization to develop and manage economic projects or enterprises that increase economic growth, social equity and environment sustainability.

Agricultural Development and Ecological Nurturance

Agricultural development with ecological nurturance is the area of concern that develops the ability of the PO to plan and implement programs that allow the community to develop the natural resources of their community to meet their basic needs, while ensuring that the right of generations to come to these resources are also protected.

Democratic Participation in Governance

This is the area of concern that provides for the capability of the PO to participate directly in the governance of their community. This also relates to their participation in mainstream political activities.

COCO BREAD FRAMEWORKCOCO BREAD FRAMEWORKCOLLECTIVE, CRITICAL, CREATIVE CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING• understanding the community’s problems and examining the origin, effects, and relations of these problems with one another

ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT• establishment of legitimate POs that are not only self-managing but also committed to the welfare and interest of the families and the communities

COALITION-BUILDING & ADVOCACY WORK• tying up with other organizations• ensuring cohesion, convergence of the development agenda of various publics / stakeholders. • claims-making & lobbying or negotiations for the people’s development agenda.

OVERCOMING GENDER AND OTHER BIASES• generating consciousness or awareness on gender and other special sectoral concerns like IPs, elderly, children and youth, the handicapped• absence of religious discrimination

COCO BREAD FRAMEWORKCOCO BREAD FRAMEWORK

BASIC SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE• ensuring availability of health, education, peace and order, basic infrastructure

RESOURCE TENURE IMPROVEMENT• land ownership transfer, ancestral domain claims, 15-km zone for small mun. fisherfolk, banning dynamite fishing, etc.

ECONOMIC SELF-RELIANCE STRENGTHENING• establishment of cooperatives, savings and CBU, marketing of products, establishment of profitable enterprises, etc.

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL NURTURANCE• crop-livestock diversification, aquatic life regeneration, SALT, forest conservation and reforestation, mangrove conservation/rehabilitation, protection of coral reefs, etc.

DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNANCE• participation in BDP /MDP formulation, familiarization of the LGC, knowledge of local politics, participation in BDC, MDC, etc.

COCO and BREAD are inseparable from each other. COCO develops as people pursue BREAD concerns. But gains in regard to BREAD are made possible by the enhancement of COCO.

Community Organizing and Community DevelopmentCommunity Organizing and Community Development

“Community organizing is the "backstage" work needed to build a public social movement through which poor people express power.”

“Community organizing is the "backstage" work needed to build a public social movement through which poor people express power.”

“Community development is about building expert organizations that can manage the highly technical aspects of development projects.”

“Community development is about building expert organizations that can manage the highly technical aspects of development projects.”

Community organizing is necessary to get the power. Community Community organizing is necessary to get the power. Community development is necessary to keep it!!!development is necessary to keep it!!!

Community organizing is necessary to get the power. Community Community organizing is necessary to get the power. Community development is necessary to keep it!!!development is necessary to keep it!!!

IYAMAN!