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COMMUNITY MANAGED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ( CMDRR) APPROACH/CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
PROGRAMME
PRESENTATION MADE AT
STRENGTHENING CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECTWORKSHOP
24th June 2010
BY: SAFIA ABDI
CORDAID-
Outline
About Cordaid
Link between view of CMDRR/CCA /SD
Cordaid CMDRR/CCA
programme/approach
Climate smart approach/CMDRR
Challenges
Way Forward
ABOUT CORDAID
Catholic Organization for Relief and Development Aid [Cordaid]
Dutch International relief and development NGO
Works in 36 countries with over 1000 partners- in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe
Partners/donors: Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation, EC, ECHO, Dutch public, Caritas Internationalis…
4 programmes- In Kenya- enhanced pastoralist voice, CMDRR, and Urban slums
How we view CCA/DRR/devpt
With climate change- frequency and intensity of Hazard increases
Increase in hazard/disaster events adversely affect sustainable development and growth of nations and communities- funds are diverted to relief activities.. (Co-relation between hazard event and GDP)
With CC there are opportunities and risks- Adaptation- addressing risk, turn opportunities into assets
Adaptation and DRR measurs aim at reducing impacts of hazards and enhance peoples/nations adaptive capacity –by extension contribute to sustainable development-
CCA/DRR intervention planning that take into consideration the various future scenarios based on the science is a building block for sustainable development.
Enjoyment of equal and inalienable rights of people is the foundation of freedom, justice, peace and safety. Poor governance = increase in vulnerability=not safe/resilient- therefore need to link the 3.
The three are mutually inclusive/mutually beneficial
CMDRR/CCA in Kenya
Implemented in the pastoralist areas- active in Moyale, Mandera, Isiolo, Samburu, and Marsabit
Overall objective- build safe and resilient communities.
Priority activities ( after PDRA&A) supported. These could be prevention, mitigation activities targeting the hazard, preparedness, response, recovery and reconstruction.
Mainly focus on drought as a hazard but others-conflict management, floods, livestock disease...shaped by PDRA and analysis
Combine drought cycle management and DRR/CCA approaches and strategies
CMDRR Programme
Core Principles of CMDRR
Communities are at the centre of CMDRR
They manage DRR process/PDRA&A
Development organizations’ role is facilitation ( not solution providers) and employees are learning agents and not change agents
CMDRR is multi-stakeholder process and facilitation done through multi-agency approach ( broad based partnership )
CMDRR best done through multi-hazard approach
Effective community organization is the foundation of CMDRR
MEL & ADVOCACY an integral part of CMDRR.
CMDRR Formula
Hazard ≠ Disaster
Hazard can be natural and man made but disasters are caused by hazard when it interact with human condition ( exposure and lack of capacity to cope).
Disaster Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability
Capacity
Capacity looked at from two angles- capacity for hazards and capacity for vulnerability.
Tools, facilitators, community members
knowledge & skills, time
Conclusion on risk levelsAccept risk level or relocate elements
at risk if risk level is not acceptableIdentify and prioritize what Needs to
be done
Set DRR goals and objectives
Inputs :
Community Development plan
Hazard mitigation/prevention
Strengthening systems/organ.
Livelihood enhancement
Capacity building
Community Risk Reduction Plan
Contingency
plan
Processing
Outputs
CMDRR PROCESS
PDRA
Hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment
Risk analysis
Monitoring
Evaluation &
Learning
Community organization
responsible for
implementation of DRR plan
Climate smart approach of our
programmeTackling exposure to changing extremes:
Making DRR a priority
Lobby at International/ national level through networks like Kenya Climate Change working Group, CIDSE- the National climate Change Response strategy have plans for DRR actions.
Cordaid is a member of the national DRR platform (
Assessing changing risks and vulnerabilities Risk assessment mostly based on local knowledge but also other secondary
data. plans to use data based on regional and down-scaled climate information..
Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments – Depend on local knowledge and experience- Element at risk include human, productive assets and critical structures
Increase public awareness of climate change and disaster risks
investing in building own staff, partners and community capacity on DRR/ climate change
Early warning and preparedness – communities EWS and modern used.
Proactive Local institutions – After PDRA&A) , community organization is formed- for mobilization of community and resources
Tackling exposure to changing extremes
Reduce exposure of physical environment to changing risks : e.g activities like rangeland rehabilitation to enhance pasture growth. Relocation in some region
Reduce exposure of livelihood strategies to changing risks Local Economy : livelihood diversification options like- fish
farming, dry land farming, petty trade, sericulture, eco-tourism, restocking with resilient animals like camels and goats.
Social relations – promote social cohesion e.g conflict transformation- development of resource use pacts btw communities- saved many lives and livelihood in the drought of 2008/2009
Enhancing adaptive capacity
Creating flexible and effective institutions
Effective delivery –strengthening community institutions – e.g Rangeland Users Association in Isiolo district (more still need to be done)
Flexibility – Cordaid and partners staff well trained on DRR and Climate Change. Partners sale their CAP/Contingency plans to various actors.
Whatever comes out of well facilitated PDRA&A process is flexibly funded, of course depending on resources available...
At national level, effective institutions are necessary but the capacity of existing structures is inadequate in terms of leadership on the subject and outreach.
Promoting learningInteractive learning – Mandated- linking and learning.
Intra/inter country/ community and partners Learning tours
documentation of best practices
Reaching out to other actors- eg ECHO.
Adopting multi-Level perspectivesLinkages across scales – local level experiences have been used as evidence in lobby and advocacy (REGLAP)
Considering greater uncertainty
Scenario planning- Contingency plans developed at community level based on worst case scenario exercise. But scientific prediction fairly used.
Addressing Poverty, Vulnerability
and their Causes
Some of the interventions under 1 and 2 above by extension deals with this.
invested in developing livestock marketing infrastructure
Support heath projects
Support schools with water facilities to reduce drop-out during drought.
A different Cordaid programme support issues of civic education and other lobby work to enhance voices of pastoralist in the local and national government agenda’s.
Environmental Impact Assessment /audit done for projects for environmental sustainability but not for carbon stewardship
Challenges
At policy/national level
DRR policy still in draft=moneraty allocations and
establishment of certain structures and system
delayed
Limited integration of policies: DRR and CC have good
link but what about other sectoral policies.
Blame game = using CC
Poor co-ordination between ministries- not effective
and efficient.
Challenges contd
At local level
Different actors using different tools- confusing the
community.
Poor co-ordination of activities among actors.
Communities local knowledge esp. on EWS often
ignore and not incorporated into the modern EWS.
Some overarching systems killing local initiatives and
coping mechanism- e.g relief food distribution
throughout the year for over 10 yrs.
Documentation of best practices not adequately done.
Way forward
Improve institutional linkages-practice.
Government to provide leadership and outreach.
More research esp. CC - to generate information
CSOs to document best practices and lessons- for advocacy and
replication.
Capacity building on DRR/CC
Develop a common approach/tools
Build on indigenous knowledge
Advocate for good governance as it it the foundation of safety.
Pictures-Lined pan
Hand-pump on a shallow well
Ahsanteni
Underground tank
Animal health
Bee-keeping
Camel- resilient asset
Rehabilitated rangeland
Thank you.