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Page 1 of 15
COMMUNICATE TO CREW
I. Departure procedures:
A. General
The following intercom procedure is the normal procedure to be applied before departure. This procedure is based upon a standard dialogue between the flight crew and the dispatching engineer(s) and is standard for all Company aircraft types.
Strict adherence to the procedure is necessary in order to ensure the safety of the ground personnel and the aircraft during the start, push back and departure procedures.
B. Before engine start
Prior to engine start the dispatching engineer(s) will ensure that during the pre-flight inspection the landing gear locking pins not required for the start and push back procedures are removed and stowed on the aircraft.
If during a pre-flight walk around flight crew observe the landing gear locking pins in place they should confirm with the dispatching engineer(s) that these have been removed prior to engine start.
If the aircraft has been connected to a ground power unit and has a serviceable APU the dispatching engineer(s) will establish contact with the flight crew and confirm that the ground power unit can be removed prior to engine start.
Refer to FCOM/OM for procedures such as start without APU (air and/or electrics), cross bleed start, battery start, etc.
During the pe r io d when the a i r c r a ft is a lmo s t ready for d i s p a t c h the d ispa t ching engineer(s) may make contact with the flight crew to confirm that the park brake has been set and that the dispatching engineer(s) are to connect the tow bar, or position the tow-bar- less tractor.
Engine start should not be commenced until all the doors have been closed and the mobile stairs or the jet way has been removed from the aircraft, together with all other ground equipment.
Once cockpit preparation is complete, all doors have been closed and a clearance received from ATC for the start and push back the BEACON should be selected ON and the commander should establish intercom contact with the dispatching engineer.
C. Non push-back start
Procedures to be followed during a non push-back start are as follows for example:
Commander “Cockpit to ground”/ Ground from cockpit
Dispatching engineer “Ground to cockpit”/ Cockpit from ground
Commander “Clear to pressurize hydraulic *”
Dispatching engineer “Pressurize hydraulic*”
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Commander “Ready for start” / Clear to start
Dispatching engineer “Confirm brakes are set”
Commander “Brakes set”
Dispatching engineer “Clear to start one, two (or both)”** / Clear to start engine two, one ( or both )
Commander “Starting one, two (or both)** / Starting engine two, one.
Commander “Monitor N1 speed”
Dispatching engineer “N1 speed rotating”
When start complete:
Commander “Start complete, disconnect” / Start complete, clear to disconnect, hand signals on left/right
Dispatching engineer “Disconnecting” hand signals on left/right
The dispatching engineer will move clear of the aircraft (either left or right handside) And give a “thumbs up” signal when the aircraft is clear to move under its own power.
D. Push-back start
Procedures to be followed during a push-back start are as follows for example: Example 1:
Commander “Cockpit to ground” / Ground from cockpit Dispatching engineer “Ground to cockpit” / Cockpit from ground Commander “Clear to pressurize hydraulic *” Dispatching engineer “Pressurize hydraulic*” Commander “Ready for push back and start” / Clear for push Dispatching engineer “Brakes off” / Release brakes Commander “Brakes off” / Brakes released, commence push back Dispatching engineer “Commencing push back” When clear to start. Dispatching engineer “Clear to start one, two (or both)”** / Clear to start
engine two, one ( or both ) Commander “Starting one, two (or both)** / Starting engine two, one. Commander “Monitor N1 speed” Dispatching engineer “N1 speed rotating” When push back complete: Dispatching engineer “Parking brakes” / Set parking brakes Commander “Brakes parked” or “Packing brakes set” / Brakes set When start complete: Commander “Start complete, disconnect” / Start complete, clear to
disconnect, hand signals on left/right Dispatching engineer “Disconnecting” hand signals on left/right The dispatching engineer will move clear of the aircraft (either left or right hand side) and give a “thumbs up” signal when the ground equipment has been cleared of the aircraft and the aircraft is clear to move under its own power.
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Example 2:
Cockpit “Hello ground”
Ground crew “Ground for flight deck, good morning sir”
Cockpit “Okay we're ready for push and start, standing by for your checks”
Ground crew “All ground equipment is removed, beacon rotating, all doors and latches are closed and secured and engine intakes are clear sir”
Cockpit “Okay we're cleared for push and start, standing by for the brakes”
Ground crew “Release parking brakes please!”
Cockpit “Brakes released cleared for the push”
Ground crew “Okay and you're cleared to start 2 and 1 during the push sir”
Cockpit “Okay starting 2 and 1 during the push”
Pushing back now, push completed
Ground crew “Ground for flight deck, could I have your parking brakes set”
Cockpit “Okay parking brakes are set now”
Cockpit “Okay ground, we've had two good starts, you're cleared to disconnect and hand signal on the left please”
Ground crew “Okay signal on the left, have a good flight down, see you bye bye”
Cockpit “Bye bye”
Ground crew “Now gives the Cockpit the sign on the left that everything is disconnected...”
Example 3:
On most airliners, the ground crew plugs a communication box into the nose wheel of the aircraft; this connects the pilots in the cockpit to the ground crew on the apron. This is not completely correct. I mean, the ground crew plugs a headset (Boom set) in the communication box that is on nose landing gear on wide bodies, under the nose for A32x and on the left hand side for MD80 and 737(it all depends on the height of aircraft).The pushback has to be connected with captain's authorization, because you have to remove the nose gear chocks, and parking brake must be set during this operation. Before connecting the pushback ground crew also plugs a "steering pin”. When this is in place it depressurizes the steering
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system, and the nose gear is free. (They depressurize the system also from the cockpit, but steering pin should always be inserted) Communications are like this:
Cockpit “Cockpit to ground” Ground “Go Ahead” Cockpit “We are clear for pushback” Ground “All doors are closed, aircraft cleared, chocks removed, steering
pin in position, you can release parking brakes” Cockpit “Parking brakes removed” Ground “Pushing back, I will call you back when cleared to start
engines”
Ground crew check and make sure that on ground cleared to start engines Ground “You are now cleared to start engines” Cockpit “Starting number 2” Ground “Ok for number 2” Engine 2 starting and acceleration Ground “Ground to cockpit” Cockpit “Go ahead” Ground “Pushback completed set parking brakes” Cockpit “Parking brakes set (Starting number one)” Ground “Ok for number one” Engine 1 starting and acceleration Cockpit “Both engines started you can disconnect” Ground “Steering pin removed, aircraft is clear we see on the left/right
hand side (it depends where the gate is) for the signal” At this point you walk away of the aircraft and you give the ok signal to the crew, showing the steering pin (that has the famous red band "REMOVE BEFORE FLIGHT) Cockpit “Cockpit to ground” Ground “Go ahead” Cockpit “Confirm all doors checked closed and locked?” Ground “Confirm, all doors checked closed and locked” Cockpit “Are we cleared to pressurize?” Ground “Affirm, clear to pressurize” After pushback.....By this time, the start should be complete and the AFTER START checklist complete Ground “Ground to cockpit, pushback complete, set parking brake” Cockpit “Parking brake set, start is complete you are cleared to
disconnect” Ground “Roger, pin removed, clearance on the right hand side, bye bye” Cockpit “Bye bye”
Example 4:
General Engine starts are normally accomplished by the Flight Crew in communication with ground
personnel. If the Interphone is not available, Standard Hand Signals will be briefed before
use. During start the ground crew will report any observed malfunction or abnormality.
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Obtain start clearance from ATC and ground crew as appropriate and accomplish the
following. When the Tow bar is connected, the ground crew will call the Flight Deck via the
Interphone to advice of the hookup prior to departure. This call will establish communication
and check that the Interphone system is operating normally. The Captain/First Officer will
advise if there will be any delay. The ground crew will standby on the headset for clearance
to commence push back.
CAUTION: Prior to push confirm BYPASS PIN INSTALLED.
CAUTION: IF THE PIN IS NOT INSTALLED, System a hydraulic pumps must be OFF
prior to connecting the tow bar and during the entire pushback procedure. After the tow bar
has been disconnected, the A hydraulic pumps must be turned on during the after start flow.
When pushback clearance (as required) has been received, initiate the push back as below.
CAUTION: Ground crew coordination is vital to a safe operation. Normal procedure is to
pushback with the nose wheel steering bypass pin installed and the A hydraulic pumps ON
NOTE: Unless dictated by operational requirements, only the No.1 engine should be started at
the gate. If a cross bleed start is required, refer to Cross-Bleed Start Procedure in the
Supplementary Normal Procedure section of the A.O.M. Normal engine start sequence is 2,
1.
Consideration should be given to delaying engine start until clear of the jet way or ramp area
to avoid FOD ingestion and unnecessary engine running time.
Push Back / Engine Start Procedure
NOTE: Procedures are clearly defined by section for ease of revising and printing.
NOTE: NOTES, CAUTIONS, WARNINGS are clearly defined and easily readable. They
can be tagged and programmed to be sorted and printed in any way (the whole manual).
NOTE: Procedures are laid out clearly and defined by boxes and areas to help eliminate any
Confusion.
Ground “Pre Departure Check Complete”
Captain “Roger Confirm Bypass Pin” installed and receives response”
Ground “Ready for Push Back”
Captain “Standby for Push Back Clearance”
When ready, (door lights out), request push back clearance. Obtain push back clearance
as required. When pushback clearance is received check door lights and select Anti-
collision light ON. Call: "ENGINE START" checklist. If anticipating a delay from push
back until engine start and maximum use of air conditioning is desired call for "ENGINE
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START CHECKLIST TO THE LINE" (GOM Ch. 10, 1.4)
First Officer “Read the ENGINE START checklist to the line”
Ground “ROGER CLEARED TO PUSH.”
Captain “Cleared to Push, “RELEASING BREAKES ON YOUR
COMMAND.”
Ground “RELEASE BRAKES.”
Captain “BRAKES RELEASED.”
Ground “CLEARED TO START BOTH ENGINES.”
Captain “ROGER.”
Captain Call "BELOW THE LINE."
First Officer Select air conditioning pack OFF, check start pressure. Read
and respond to the "BELOW THE LINE" items of the
ENGINE START Checklist and state "ENGINE START
CHECKLIST COMPLETE.”
Captain Announce to F/O “STARTING ENGINE #____," position
Engine Start Switch to GRD
After engines start completed
Ground “SET BRAKES.”
Captain “BRAKES SET.”
First Officer Verify oil pressure by the time engine is stabilized
Ground “TOW BAR DISCONNECTED.”
Captain “ROGER.”
Ground Disconnecting Watch for Salute (Advice of Location: Go to my
left or right hand side)
Once starter cutout has been reached on the second engine and the engine is indicating
normal acceleration, if the ground crew is no longer required, advise “DISCONNECT
HEADSET." The tractor and tow bar will be positioned clear of the aircraft. Ground
crewman will position himself to receive the "READY TO TAXI" signal (usually at the
11 o'clock position from the aircraft).
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E. Conventional Visual Signals
Ground personnel conventional signals
NOTE 1 – These signals are designed for the use of signalman, with hands illuminated as necessary to facilitate observation by the pilot, and facing the aircraft.
NOTE 2 – The meaning of the relevant signals remains the same if bats, illuminated wands or torchlight’s are used.
NOTE 3 – The numbering of the signals is that used in the official documentation ICAO – Rules of the Air Annex 2.
“ALL CLEAR”
During the day: by the thumbs-up signal at night:
MANEUVERS
1- To proceed under further guidance by signalman
Signalman directs pilot if traffic conditions on airport require this action.
2- This bay
Arms above head in vertical position with palms facing inward.
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3- Proceed to next signalman
Right or left arm down, other arm moved across the body and extended to indicate direction of next signalman.
4- Move ahead
Arms a little aside, palms facing backward and repeatedly moved upward-backward from shoulder height.
5- Turn
a) Turn to your left:
Right arm d o w n w a r d , left a r m r e p e a t e d l y moved upward-backward. Speed of a r m movement indicating rate of turn.
b) Turn to your right:
Left arm d o w n w a r d , right a r m r e p e a t e d l y moved upward-backward. Speed of a r m movement indicating rate of turn.
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11- Slow down
Arms down with palms toward ground then moved up and down several times.
12- Slow down engine(s) on indicated side
Arms down with palms toward ground, then either right or left hand waved up and down indicating the left or right side engine(s) respectively should be slowed down.
ARRIVAL
6- Stop
Arms r e p e a t e d l y crossed above head (the rapidity of the arm movement should be related to the urgency of the stop, i.e. the faster the movement the quicker the stop).
7a- Engage brakes
Raise arm and hand, with fingers extended, horizontally in front of body, then clench fist.
8a- Chocks inserted
Arms down, palms facing inwards, move arms from extended position inwards.
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10- Cut engines
Either arm and hand level with shoulder, hand across throat, palm downward. The hand is moved sideways with the arm remaining bent.
7b- Release brakes
Raise arm, with fist clenched, horizontally in front of body, and then extend fingers.
DEPARTURE
9- Start engine(s)
Left hand over head with appropriate number of fingers extended, to indicate the number of the engine to be started, and circular motion of right hand at head level.
8b- Chocks removed
Arms down, palms facing outwards, move arms outward.
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7b- Raise arm, with fist clenched, horizontally in front of body, then extend fingers.
15- All clear Right arm rose at elbow with thumb erect.
II. Arrival procedures:
Once the aircraft arrives at the parking position the and the engines have been shut down and the BEACON has be selected OFF the commander should make contact with the ground engineering personnel and confirm that the aircraft has been chocked and that the park brake can be released.
A/C arrives at the parking position - Monitor the engines have been shutdown. - Monitor the parking brakes have been set: Packing brakes light does not come on
Communicate to the Flight crew: Ground Ground to cockpit/ Cockpit from ground Cockpit Cockpit to ground/ Ground from cockpit Ground Parking brakes/ Confirm brakes are set Cockpit Parking brakes set/ Brakes set Ground Brakes packed/ Brakes set checked
- Monitor the BECON lights have been selected OFF:
Communicate to the Flight crew: Ground Ground to cockpit/ Cockpit from ground Cockpit Cockpit to ground/ Ground from cockpit Ground BECON lights still ON Cockpit BECON set OFF Ground BECON OFF/ BECON OFF checked
- Put chock on: + Confirm that the A/C has been chocked. + Confirm that the parking brakes can be released.
Ground Chock-in Cockpit Packing brakes release/ Brakes released Ground Brakes released/ Brakes released checked
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III. Some situation of communication between the Flight crew and
the Ground crew:
1. Refueling:
Ground How much fuel do you need to refuel?
Cockpit Five tons Cockpit How long does it take?
Ground (It takes about) twenty five minutes
Cockpit Ok, thanks!
2. The conditions of the A/C:
- The system of the A/C:
Ground Is everything alright?
Cockpit A/C is serviceable/ We have problem with the (Hydraulic) system
Ground What about ECAM warning message?
Cockpit Green hydraulic reservoir low level warning
Ground Ok, thanks! We’ll check and correct it
Cockpit How long for?
Ground About 30 minutes or longer
Cockpit Ok, thanks!
- The condition of tire:
Cockpit This tire is worn out of limit (over limit)
Cockpit This tire needs to be replaced/ changed
Ground We are going to replace it (According to AMM this tire still can
be used)
Cockpit (Could you) show it to me
Ground Wait a minute I am going to take it and show you
- Fuel leaking (During Engine start):
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Ground Ground to cockpit/ Cockpit from ground Cockpit Cockpit to ground/ Ground from cockpit Ground The fuel is leaked from Engine 2(1) drainmast Cockpit Five minutes for idle check Ground Okay, idle check for five minutes After 5 minutes, no leaked found Ground Okay, no leaked found Cockpit Okay, prepare for restart engine 2(1) Ground Clear for restart engine 2(1) If after 5 minutes, still leaked found Ground Still leaked Cockpit Engine 2(1) stop, it needs to be checked whether it is over limit or
not. / You need to check whether it is over limit or not Ground It is within limit (I am going to check it)
- The damage of the fuselage:
Cockpit There is a dent / bird strike at the………/ Ground I am going to check it
3. Servicing:
- Supply/remove the External power:
Cockpit Please Supply/ (remove) the External power to/ (from) the A/C Ground Yes, sir
- Supply/remove the External air conditioning:
Cockpit Please Supply/ (remove) the External air conditioning to/ (from) the A/C
Ground Yes, sir
- Stairway servicing:
Cockpit I need a stair way/ call me a stairway Ground I will call it
- Water servicing:
Cockpit You have filled / filled too much water Ground How much do you need to fill? Cockpit One forth/ two froths/ three froths
- Open/ close cargo door:
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Cockpit Close cargo door please! Ground Cargo door closed Cockpit Cargo door still opens, check it please! Ground I checked and sure that the cargo door is closed and locked
- Tire pressure:
Cockpit This tire is low pressure Ground I am going to check and inflate it
- Quantity of the Hydraulic reservoir/ Engine oil/ APU oil:
Cockpit Quantity of the Hydraulic reservoir/ Engine oil/ APU oil is not enough/ low
Ground I am going to check and will uplift
4. Tech log book: - B defect:
+ Need action before each flight:
Cockpit B defect number… needs to be checked before flight Ground I checked but have not signed in logbook I sign now
+ Out of date:
Cockpit B defect (number) … is out of date, do you have a concession? Ground Concession is requesting Cockpit Standby for you Ground Concession number:…put in the logbook
5. Supply/remove the External bleed air: (External bleed air is used to start Engines in case of the APU not working):
Cockpit Supply (external) bleed air/Supply external pneumatic power/ Connect ground cart
Ground (External) bleed air supplies to the A/C External pneumatic power supplied/ Ground cart connected
Cockpit Increase pressure (to … (30) ...PSI) Ground Bleed air is increased Cockpit Clear to start Ground Start (engine) two Cockpit Engine two start /start two Engine 2 start completed Cockpit Engine two starts completed remove (external) Bleed air/ remove
external pneumatic power Ground External bleed air is removing/ external pneumatic power
removed Ground Start engine one Cross bleed start engine one
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Cockpit Start engine one/start one Engine 1 start completed Cockpit Start completed, disconnect/ Start complete, clear to disconnect,
hand signals on left/right Ground Disconnecting/ hand signals on left/right
6. Start engine in case of STARTER VALVE of engine one/two in operation: (an engine with an inoperative starter valve may be started by operating the valve manually)
Cockpit Clear to start, open/Release the starter valve Ground The starter valve opened and starts one/two Cockpit Release/Close starter valve Ground The starter valve closed Cockpit Clear to start two/one Ground Start two/one Cockpit Start completed, disconnect/ Start complete, clear to disconnect,
hand signals on left/right Ground Disconnecting/ hand signals on left/right
7. The dispatching engineer will move clear of the aircraft (either left or right hand side):
Cockpit Start completed, disconnect and you can move to your Left/right hand side
Ground Disconnecting, I am going to my Left/right hand side Ground See you, Bye Ground Bye