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CommercialCommercial demonstrationdemonstration
ofof OxyOxy--CoalCoal CombustionCombustion
CleanClean PowerPower TechnologyTechnology
Nicolas Perrin, Air LiquideNicolas Perrin, Air Liquide
Kevin McCauley, B&WKevin McCauley, B&W
Fourth International Conference on Clean Coal Technologies: CCT 2009
Dresden, Germany, 18-21 May 2009
2Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
Boiler
WaterSteam
~
FGDESP
Water, inert gasesAsh Sulfur
Coal
Pulverizer
Rawcoal
CO2 transport& storage
CO2
80-95%*CO2
2-17%*N2
3%O2
Flue Gas Composition
(% Volume Dry)
* Depending on air-infiltration in the process
Added for CO2 capture vs reference plant(air-fired PC without CO2 capture)
ASU
Flue Gas Recycle (FGR)
AIR
PureOxygen
CO2
PurificationUnit
From the slide I presented 2 years ago at CCT2007…
Mixer SCR
3Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
Demonstration Plant Layout
100 MWe net
… to OxyCoal Near Zero Emission Plant
.3
4Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment.4
Agenda
Roadmap / Recent developments
ASU
CPU
Impact on efficiency & COE
100 MWe NZEP Demonstration Plant
Conclusion
5Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
OxyCoal Demonstration: Technology Readiness
1.5 MWth small pilot testing with DOE completed 2004
30 MWth large pilot test completed 2008
Burner designs, Process controls, Emissions
Computer modeling and simulation validated
PC Oxy-combustion Power Plant study DOE/NETL 2007-1291
ASU optimization program ongoing since 2007
Bottom-up Integration Study with ASU & CPU in 2008
CPU pilots at Lacq, Callide and BWRC (2008-2011)
CEDF OxygenSupply System
Oxy-combustionFlame
30 MWthTest Facility
.5
6Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
Air Separation Unit optimized for Oxycombustion
… to a new specific design foroxycombustion
...with additional power reductionthrough cycle integration
.6
From today’s most efficient ASUs
ISAB IGCC (2x 1800 tpd O2)
Operation since 1999
Cryogenic production of oxygen has been used for more than 100 years but is still improving
& the world’s largest ASUs
Sasol Train 15 (4200 tpd O2 MSL)
Operation since 2003 (copy order in 2007)
7Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
Specific energy of separation (kWh/t)
No
rmalized
cap
italexp
en
dit
ure
Optimizing the ASU for Oxy-coal
20% improvement in specific energy consumption
Potential for improvement: O2 is required at low pressure
Co-production of N2 is not necessary
8Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
CO2 Processing for Oxy-combustion
Flue Gas purification with CPU:Near Zero Emission Plant (NZEP)
Removal of Impurities in flue gas(PMs, SOx, NOx, Hg, O2…)
O2 removal can be adjusted toCO2 product specification… andtargeted net power
Influence of CO2 purity inlet on net specific energy for several schemes
No heat integration (No Boiling Feed Water heating) CO2 delivered at 175bars
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%
CO2 inlet, % mol., dry basis
Net
po
wer
(kW
h/T
cap
ture
dC
O2)
wo CB (no purification) wo col (O2 level: 1000s' ppm) w col (O2 level:ppm)
95% CO2 recovery
100% CO2 recovery
90% CO2 recovery
Over 50 years of experience in CO2 purification:
Average 300 ton/day (tpd) from rich CO2 sources
CPU for Oxy-combustion: 10 000 tpd average plant Appropriate Technologies to be adapted / developed
9Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
2009 Pilot: H2O Removal CPU: TOTAL Lacq
100 MWe Demonstration Plant: 3000 tpd CPU
Brazed Aluminium Heat Exchangers
Distillation Column with Packings
Integrally GearedCentrifugal Compressors
Dryers
2011 Pilot: Full purification CPU Plantfor Callide Oxyfuel Project
>92% CO2 recovery, CO2 99.9% @175 bar
10Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment.10
Net Plant Efficiency Comparison
37.5
44.6
39.4
29.3
33.632.1
39.4
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
TECHNOLOGY
Ne
tP
lan
tE
ffic
ien
cy
%(H
HV
)
Case 1*
SC PC
Air-Fired
Case 2*
USC PC
Air-Fired
Case 1**
IGCC Avg
Case 5*
SC PC
Oxy-Fired
w/CCS
B&W / AL***
SC PC
Oxy-Fired
w/CCS
Case 2**
IGCC Avg
w/CCS
B&W / AL***
USC PC
Oxy-Fired
w/CCS
* Data from DOE/NETL2007-1291 (revised Case 5 data)
** Data from DOE/NETL2007-1281, averaged for IGCC as DOE did for DOE/NETL-1291
*** Data from B&W / AL Integration Study 2008
11Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment.11
8.94
6.32
10.63
9.6310.47
7.78
6.44
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
TECHNOLOGY
LC
OE
,(¢
/kW
h)
Case 1*
SC PC
Air-Fired
Case 2*
USC PC
Air-Fired
Case 1**
IGCC Avg
Case 5*
SC PC
Oxy-Fired
w/CCS
B&W / AL***
SC PC
Oxy-Fired
w/CCS
Case 2**
IGCC Avg
w/CCS
* Data from DOE/NETL2007-1291 (revised Case 5 data)
** Data from DOE/NETL2007-1281, averaged for IGCC as DOE did for DOE/NETL-1291
*** Data from B&W / AL Integration Study 2008
B&W / AL***
USC PC
Oxy-Fired
w/CCS
Levelized Cost of Electricity Comparison
12Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
OxyCoal NZEP
Demonstration Plant Layout (100 MWe net)
.12
13Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
Black Hills: Project Overview
• 100 MWe Oxy-fuel pulverized coal greenfield
plant located in Campbell County, Wyoming
• Application submitted
to DOE Restructured FutureGen
• Plant in-service by 2015
• Project Team:• Black Hills Corporation, host site
• Babcock and Wilcox Company,
• Air Liquide Engineering and Construction
• Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division
PlantSite
Black Hills Demonstration Project
Milestone Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Yeat 10 Year 11
SelectionAward
EngineeringNEPA and PermittingProcurementInstallationCommissioning and StartupTest PeriodMonitoring
.13
14Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
Project Scope
• 160 b / 570 oC / 570 oC steam cycle
• 100 MWe net electric output
• Mine-mouth site using low-rank
sub-bituminous PRB coal
• Near Zero Emissions plant (NZEP)
for SO2, NOx, PM and Hg
• Low raw water usage
with dry cooling and high
altitude operation
• Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)
• Heat Integration with steam/water cycle
• One million metric tons/yr CO2 storage
• Future EOR potential
.14
15Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
NOx
SO2
PM
Hg
CO2
Comparison of Plant Air Emissions
• Near Zero is well belowpractical measurementlimits
• CO2 scrubber SO2 andNOx emissions dependon specific CO2 capturesolvent requirements
• Oxy-SCPC emissionsare well below IGCCand CO2 Scrubbing
IGCC from DOE/NETL-2007/1281 Report
Oxy SCPCw/CCS
?
?
AirSCPC
IGCCw/CCS
SCPC w/CCSCO2 scrub
NearZero
NearZero
NearZero
.15
16Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
Air Liquide contribution to CCS Pilot Plants
• 30 MWth CEDF : 1st worldwide fulloxy demo at this scale (USA)
• Oxy-burners and CO2 purificationfor Total in Lacq (France)
• ASU & CO2 CPU for Callide Oxyfuelproject (Australia)
17Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment.17
FundamentalDevelopment
PilotPhase
DemonstrationPhase
CommercialDeployment
Conclusion
Product Development PathwayProduct Development PathwayProduct Development Pathway
We are ready for large scale Oxycombustiondemonstrations with designs developed for > 100MWe plants
Optimizations and integration have significantlyreduced cost
Oxycombustion becomes an highly competitiveNear Zero Emission solution for new plants andretrofit
18Air Liquide, the world leader in gases for the industry, health and the environment
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Contacts :
