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October 14th , 2020

| © Alfa Laval 2 |

Lets talk about Industrial Ammonia Heat Pumps

Superior Energy Efficiency with Alfa Laval Plate heat exchangers

26/10/2020

Heat

pump

NH3

Tommy

Angback

Sales Director

Refrigeration

at Alfa Laval

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3 |

Low value heat sources − Reason for using Heat Pumps

Why Heat Pumps?

Industrial Heat pumps makes it possible to use waste or natural

low temperature heat for space or industrial process heating.

Typical heat sources are sea water, ground water or waste heat

from industries, refrigeration plants and data centers mainly used

for:

Industrial ProcessThey are connected to dehumidification, distillation and evaporation

processes, but also for water heating and combined heating and cooling.

District heatingHeat pumps are successfully connected to district heating systems or in

combined district heating and cooling systems.

Commercial buildingsHeat pumps are connected to water loops (hydronic) for heat and cold

distribution.

Pressure (bar)

Te

mp

era

ture

(ºC

)

Heat

pump

NH3

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Why Ammonia− Highly efficient future proof refrigerant

100 000

10 000

1 000

100

10

10,01 0,1 1

R404

R410AR134a

Propane

CO2, Ammonia

R22

R12R113R11

GW

P*

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

Ozone Depletion Potential

R32

HFO´s

Heat

pump

NH3

• GWP=0

• ODP=0

• High volumetric capacity

• More effective and cheaper than synthetic

alternatives

• Lowest total lifetime cost

• Known for centuries as a refrigerant and will stay

Remember

• Classified as Fluid Group 1 in PED (toxic, corrosive,

and moderately flammable), so special legal

requirements may apply

• No ATEX requirements for normal ammonia plants

except for machine-room ventilation in special

cases

• Copper and its alloys are not allowed as material

• Oil draining required

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Industrial Heat Pump-example of application− Recovering waste heat from a datacentre feeding a district heating network

While being cooled, a

data centre serves as

low temperature ~30 °C

heat source for an

industrial ammonia

heat pump

Heat pumps/s

Supply @ 60-90 °C

Return @ ~35 °C

Heat

pump

NH3

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Heat Pump Impact – How Alfa Laval semi

welded plate heat exchanger increases the

COP

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Efficiency (COP) of the Heatpump

26/10/2020 | © Alfa Laval 7 |

Flooded ammonia evaporator

Condenser

Ammonia Separator

Valve

Compressor

Heat source -

low value heat Heating

supply

Heat

pump

NH3

Efficiency of the heat pump = COP

Coefficient of performance

COP = Heat Energy supplied (kW)

Electricity Power Consumed (kW)

Electricity

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In general it is possible to obtain 2K

closer approach than with other heat

exchanger technologies at comparable

size and cost

− every K higher Tevap (evaporation

temperature) saves 3-6% of the heat

pump power consumption.

− Plate Heat exchangers Enables higher energy efficiency

Flooded Ammonia Evaporator

26/10/2020 | © Alfa Laval 8 |

DtTevap

possible to raise

the evaporation

temperature

T

Heat Exchanger

Inlet

Heat Exchanger

Outlet

T

Heat

pump

NH3

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− SWPHE with SubcoolcondenseTM is compact and efficient

26/10/2020 | © Alfa Laval 9 |

Flooded ammonia evaporator

Condenser

Sub Cooler

DesuperheaterAmmonia Separator

Valve

Compressor

Heat source -

low value heat

Hot supply

Condenser with integrated Subcooling

Heat

pump

NH3

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• T10- EW with this feature allows Condensing,

Desuperheating, and Subcooling in same plate heat

exchanger with the benefits of :

− Enabling high efficiency (COP) of the Heat Pump

− Avoiding the use multiple heat exchangers on hot side

− Enables high energy efficiency and a compact installation

T10 EW Condenser with integrated Subcooling

26/10/2020 | © Alfa Laval 10 |

Heat

pump

NH3

SubcoolcondenseTM

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11

New features to increase efficiency

OmegaPort™ noncircular port holes

Better distribution of media

Pressure drop better utilized for heat transfer.

CurveFlow™ distribution area

Fully utilizes available surface area.

Provides perfect distribution inside channel

for best heat transfer and surface stays

cleaner

ΔP connections

ΔP port

ΔP heat transfer

Heat

pump

NH3

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References

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− Joint venture of HOFOR, CTR and VEKS for Copenhagen City

District heating - heat recovered from sea and wastewater

26/10/2020 | © Alfa Laval 15 |

• Inaugurated in April 2019

• 5 MW full scale ammonia heat pump test

• Servicing 1100 households

• Heat sources: seawater and wastewater

• Power source: wind mills at sea

• COP = 3.2

• Flooded Ammonia Evaporators for heat recovery from sea-/wastewater 4°C → 0.5°C:

Alfa Laval semi-welded TK20-BWFG

• Condensers delivering hot water from 50°C → 80°C:

Alfa Laval semi-welded MK15-BWFT and Alfa Laval semi-welded TK20-BWFX

• Sub-cooling duties:

Alfa Laval ANH76 and Alfa Laval ANXP52

Alfa Laval supplied:

Environmental

friendly District

Heating from sea and

sewage water with

clean electricity

Heat

pump

NH3

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District heating in Broager DK 4 MW Ground water heat pump started operation end 2016

End User: Broager District heating company

System builder: ICS - Industrial Cooling system a/s Consultant: PlanEnergi

Purpose: Useng 250 m deep ground water at 9 C as heat source delivering district heating supply of hot water at

70 C. The total capacity of 4 MW covers approximately ¾ of the heating need for Broager or about 18.000

MWh/year.

Refrigerant: Ammonia

Alfa Laval supplied: Semi Welded Plate Heat exchangers as evaporators cooling/recovering the ground water heat

from 9° C to 2 C evaporating ammonia of the heat pump at 0° C

COP Heat pump = 4,1

Heat

pump

NH3

www.alfalaval.com26/10/2020 | © Alfa Laval 17 |

Semi Welded Plate Heat Exchangers− For Ammonia Heat pumps

Major benefits

- High efficiency.

- Space saving

- Minimizes Ammonia charge

- Reliable operation

Heat

pump

NH3

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