Immune System

CNA 2 OSBN Curriculum

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGy52oyF77w

ImmunityProtection from Disease2 Types

◦Specific◦Non-Specific

Specialized Cells◦Antibodies◦Antigens

WBC’s

Abnormal Rxn Increased SensitivitySubstances

◦Allergens◦Medications◦Blood Transfusion

Pt. is Allergic

Hypersensitivity

Rash Itching Watery Eyes Diaphoresis SOB/Dyspnes Larynx Swelling

◦ Hoarseness Low BP, Irreg Pulse ANAPHYLATIC RXN= MEDICAL

EMERGENCY!!!!

Observation & Reporting

Report Abnormals to NurseDo Not Leave Pt. in DistressCall for Help

◦RRT (Rapid Response Team)◦Code

CNA2 Actions

Chronic AutoimmuneMultiple Joint InflammationCan be Crippling

Rheumatoid Arthritis: RA

http://www.medcomrn.com/dev/flash/flvplayer/movie.php?movie=http://ss1.medcomrn.com/flv/m253c_sec03_300k.flv&title=&detectflash=false&detectflash=false

Joints ◦Pain/Stiffness◦Lost Shape◦Lost Motion◦Worsens w/over-use

FatigueDifficulty w/ADLs

Observation & Reporting

Heat/Cold as Directed by NursePlan Care w/RxsGood Body AlignmentFrequent Rest PeriodsSafety MeasuresReport Abnormals to Nurse

CNA 2 Actions

AKA: ImmunocompromisedWeakened Immune SystemLow WBCsHigh Risk PatientsProtective Isolation

Immunosuppressed

Early Dx & Tx Common:

◦ Lung◦ Breast/Prostate◦ Colon◦ Skin

Risk Factors◦ Environmental◦ Lifestyle◦ Stress◦ Obesity◦ Smoking/Chewing◦ Diet

Cancer

Not CancerDon’t SpreadMay be Dangerous

Tumors: Benign

Lipoma

Chondroma

LeiomyomaPituitary Adenoma

Uncontrollable Growth InvasionMetastasis

Tumors: Malignant

Melanoma

Change in Bowel/BladderConstant Sore ThroatUnusual Bleeding/DischargeLump/ThickeningDifficulty SwallowingChanges in Mole/WartNagging Cough

Early Signs

SurgeryChemotherapyRadiationBiological TherapyHyperthermia

Primary Treatments

Chemotherapy

Abnormal VSBleedingDiarrheaN/VEarly fatigueConfusion

Observation & Reporting

S&S of BleedingStomatitisReport Abnormals to NursePain Relief MeasuresAdequate: Rest/Fluids/NutritionSkin CareEmotional SupportActive Listening

CNA 2 Actions

HIV/Hepitishttp://www.medcomrn.com/dev/flash/flvplayer/movie.php?movie=http://ss1.medcomrn.com/flv/up100wa_sec02_300k.flv&title=&detectflash=false

Blood Borne Infections

Inflammation Infection

◦ Viral◦ Toxin◦ Drugs

Mild-Life-Threatening Acute or Chronic Many Types

◦A-G

Hepatitis

“Restaurant”Contaminated Water/FoodVia Fecal-Oral RoutePrevention

◦Handwashing◦Immunization

Tx◦Preventative

Acute Only

Type A

Blood/Body Fluid Exposure Hep B virus Long Recovery Highest Risk

◦ IV Drug Abusers◦ Unprotected Sex◦ Healthcare workers

Vaccine◦ Lifetime Immunity

Type B

C Blood/Body Fluid Exposure Chronic Mostly

D Infected Blood Only at the same time w/Hep B

Type C & D

E Similar to Hep A Primarily, Contaminated Water Supplies

F&G Little is Known Ongoing Research

Type E, F&G

Loss of AppetiteN/V JaundiceRashDark UrineTannish StoolsAbd PainMuscle Aches

Observation & Reporting

Report Abnormals to NurseUniversal PrecautionsStandard PrecautionsTreatment Plan

CNA 2 Actions

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: AIDS

Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus: HIV

Leads to

HIV/AIDSHIV kills immune system

◦Immunosuppressed Spreads via direct contact:

◦Blood◦Body Fluids

NOT Spread:◦Coughing◦Sneezing◦Insects◦Casual Contact

PneumoniaTBKaposi’s Sarcoma

Opportunistic Infections

Loss of appetiteNight SweatsCough DiarrheaFatigueConfusion Skin rashesWhite patches in the mouth

Observation & Reporting

Report Abnormals to nurseStandard PrecautionsDaily HygieneFrequent Oral CareGood Skin CareEmotional Support

CNA 2 Actions

This project was funded $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.