Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Project Breedwheat
Romain BARILLOT1, Camille CHAMBON1 & Bruno ANDRIEU1
1UMR1402 ECOSYS, Pôle Ecophysiologie végétale
INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, FRANCE
International Crop Modelling Symposium
15-17 March 2016, Berlin
CN-Wheat: a Functional-Structural Plant
Model of CN Metabolism in Wheat
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Improve crop production and environmental impacts.
Better comprehension of crop functioning and how the
effects of multiple environmental factors are integrated
by plants.
Introduction Context & Approach
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.02
Context of global change
Individual-based models, crop represented as a
population of individuals.
Explicit and botanical description of plant architecture.
Accounts for the interactions between plant
architecture, functioning and environment.
Functional Structural Plant Models (FSPMs): what is it? (Godin & Sinoquet, 2005 )
Adel-Wheat (Fournier et al., 2005)
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Expected outputs from the model :
• Representation of wheat architecture (3D).
• Allocation of Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N) within the plant.
• Grain production and filling.
• Interactions between CN status and morphogenesis (leaf growth,
tillering).
Introduction Aims of the Wheat FSPM
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.03
Definition/ identification of ideotypes, parameters of interest maximizing
grain yield and quality under sustainable agricultural systems and
climate scenarios
Breedwheat project: improve the competiveness of the French wheat
breeding sector
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
_01 Model description
.04
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.05
Model description Model compartments
Culm scale and described as:
• A set of photosynthetic organs
• A root compartment
• Grains
Interactions among culms through light
competition and a simplified sub-model of soil
Each organ includes the main CN materials:
• Structural mass
• Storage metabolites : fructans, starch, proteins.
• Mobile metabolites: sucrose, amino acids, nitrates.
Plant structure
CN metabolites
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Model description
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.06
Physiological processes
Variations of metabolites according to physiological processes.
• Environment: light interception, temperature, transpiration
• Acquisition of resources: photosynthesis, N uptake by roots
• Respiration
• Syntheses (Michaelis-Menten) and degradations (1st order kinetics)
• Morphogenesis and tissue death
• Transports: loading (diffusion), unloading (roots, grains) and through
transpiration flux
Physiological processes driven by:
• Environment (light, temperature, CO2, N soil…)
• Metabolite concentrations
Set of differential equations
GRAINS
(PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN)*n
ROOTS
PH
LO
EM
Su
cro
se,
am
ino
acid
s
Nitrates
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
_02 Model evaluation & behaviour
.07
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Experimental data: winter wheat with 3 different fertilisations applied at flowering (H0, H3
and H15)
Accurate simulations for green area, dry and N masses
Model evaluation & behaviour Green area, dry & N masses
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.08
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Model evaluation & behaviour C-N in shoot & roots
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.09
Flag leaf lamina
Model provides access to internal variables.
Metabolite concentrations, distribution and dynamics
Roots N uptake
C unloading
C m
eta
bo
lite
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
(µm
ol
C g
-1)
N m
eta
bo
lite
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
(µm
ol
N g
-1)
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
_03 Conclusions
.010
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Fully mechanistic approach for integration of Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N)
metabolisms.
Central role given to metabolite concentrations
Resource allocation is an emergent property of the model
Our results suggest that this approach is pertinent.
The model provides insights into the interplay of C-N metabolism, assimilate
partitioning and its regulation (shoot/root, grains…).
Identification of potential traits for plant breeding (production, low N practices…).
Conclusions
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.011
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
.012
Thank you for your attention
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
Romain BARILLOT / CN-Wheat model
Introduction Why using mechanistic FSPMs?
iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin
.013
At present, FSPMs are not really predictive but should rather be considered as
exploratory tools.
Allow to improve our comprehension of plant functioning, e.g. how some traits or
processes that take place at local scale affect the whole plant functioning?
A lot of parameters and internal variables, but that could be measured
experimentally.
Allow to explore plant behaviour under new growing conditions: climatic change,
low N practices…
ROOTS
NITRATES CARBOHYDRATES
N ORGANIC
STRUCTURE
𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝒎𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕
PHLOEM
SUCROSE
AMINO ACIDS
(PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN)*n
PROTEINS
STRUCTURE
SUCROSE
AMINO ACIDS
NITRATES
STARCH
TRIOSES P
FRUCTANS
GRAINS
STARCH PROTEINS STRUCTURE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
GROSS
ASSIMILATION
Meteo data (PAR incident, air temperature,
humidity and CO2)
Organ N content, area,
height and temperature
Soil nitrate
concentration
𝑼𝒑𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑵,𝒏𝒊𝒕
𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝒎𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕
𝑼𝒑𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒆𝒎→𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑪,𝒔𝒖𝒄 𝑺𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔
𝑵,𝒐𝒓𝒈
𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑪,𝑪𝑯𝑶 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔
𝑵,𝒏𝒊𝒕 ABSORBED
NITRATES
𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑵,𝒐𝒓𝒈
𝑫𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑪,𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓
𝑺𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑪,𝒇𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕
𝑫𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑪,𝒇𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕
𝑺𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑵,𝑨𝑨
𝑺𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑵,𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒕
𝑳𝒕𝒑,𝒊 →𝒑𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒆𝒎
𝑪,𝒔𝒖𝒄
𝑨𝒈𝒕𝒑,𝒊
𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑵,𝑨𝑨
𝑳𝒕𝒑,𝒊 →𝒑𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒆𝒎𝑵,𝑨𝑨
𝑮𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
𝑮𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉 𝑺𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔
𝑵,𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒔
𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑵,𝒐𝒓𝒈
𝑼𝒑𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒆𝒎→𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝐍,𝑨𝑨
𝑹𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒕𝒉
𝑹𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑵𝒏𝒊𝒕,𝒓𝒆𝒅
𝑹𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝑵𝒏𝒊𝒕,𝒖𝒑𝒕
𝑹𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑹𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝑵𝒏𝒊𝒕,𝒓𝒆𝒅
𝑹𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝒑𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒆𝒎
𝑹𝒕𝒑,𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑹𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒕𝒉
a
b
d
c
14 iCROPM2016, 15-17 March, Berlin