Cloning

Miss. Maskin

Learning Objectives

• To understand that there are natural clones (twins, certain plants, bacteria)

• To understand that there are artificial clones (plants, cloned animals)

• To understand how animals can be cloned, using Dolly the sheep as an example

What are clones?

• Clones are individuals who are genetically identical to one another

Natural ClonesIdentical Twins

Plants

Bacteria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc

Artificial Clones

Dolly the sheep- 1996- First mammal to be

cloned from an adult body cell

Donor egg

Nucleus removed = ENUCLEATED

Body cell = SOMATIC CELL

Nucleus removed to be used

Enucleated donor egg and donor nucleus are fused using electricity

Embryo grown in the lab

Implanted

III want a maternity test!

Activity

An egg was taken from the ovary of sheep A.

The nucleus was sucked out of the egg (the egg is now enucleated).

A cell was taken from the udder of sheep B and the nucleus was removed for use.

The nucleus from the udder cell and the enucleated egg were fused together with electricity.

Now an egg has been made that contains the DNA from sheep B.

Cell division happened several times until an embryo was formed.

The embryo was implanted into the uterus of sheep A.

Dolly was born. She was made from the DNA of sheep B. She was a clone of sheep B.

Summary and key words

• How much was Dolly the sheep related to Sheep A i.e. egg donor?

• How much was Dolly the sheep related to Sheep B i.e. body cell donor?

• Why would we want to clone plants and animals?

KEY WORDS: enucleated, somatic