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Climograph• Graph that indicates
average temperature and precipitation for a place.
• Line Graph shows temperature
• Bar Graph shows precipitation
If the line graph goes up in the middle – it is showing a place in the northern hemisphere.
If the line graph goes down in the middle – it is showing a place in the southern hemisphere.
If the line is fairly straight – it is showing a place that is near or on the Equator.
•Description – hot and wet throughout the year.
•Precipitation Wet – 80 + inches a year - Rains daily
• Temperatures about 80 all year
• vegetation - Lush and diverse – 6% of earth, but more than half the plant and animal species. Canopy – layers of broadleaf evergreen trees.
Leaching – continuous rain pulls the nutrients out of the soil (not arable)
Amazon River Basin
Congo River Basin
Indonesia
Tons of precipitation every month.
Rio BelemTemperatures are about even so it must be near the Equator.
•Description – grassland with distinct dry and wet seasons. Winter is dry.
•Summers have 20 – 100 inches of precipitation a year. Winter is dry. Dry season is dramatic.
•High year round temperatures around 80.
•Vegetation – clumps of coarse grass and few trees. •Llanos of Venezuela
•Caribbean Islands
•Serengeti of Tanzania
Near the Equator
Darwin Dakar
COLD
DRY DRY
COLD
• Description – dry, largely treeless grassland.
•Location – Low & mid latitudes. Border deserts & interior of continents (leeward side)
•Precipitation 10 – 20 inches a year
• Vegetation - Grassland with few trees or cactus. Desertification - spread of desert-like conditions to semi-arid areas is a serious problem in the Steppe
Alice Spring
Northern Southern
Hemisphere Hemisphere
Description – dry area with sparse plant life that covers about 1/3 of the world’s land. There are two types of terrain: reg – desert pavement (gravel, rocks, and sand) and erg – dunes
•Precipitation – 10 in. or less a year
• Temperatures: Desert does not mean hot – it means dry!!! Day and night temperatures vary drastically.
•Vegetation - scrub and cactus Oasis is an area in the desert where water is available.
Cairo Tehran
Lima
•Description – ocean winds bring cool summers and damp winters.
• Location – 30-60º on the west coast in N. Hemisphere and east coast in S. Hemisphere. Located on Westerlies.
Precipitation: Ocean air brings abundant rainfall.
• Vegetation: large coniferous – evergreen forests called temperate rainforests and mixed forests - both coniferous and deciduous trees.
LondonVancouver
Sydney
Abundant rainfall all year. High around 70. Low around 40.
•Description – mild, rainy winter and hot sunny summers.
•Precipitation: 15 – 30 in (mostly in the winter)
•Vegetation - Chaparral – underbrush, woody bushes and short trees – cork, olives, grapes, etc. Leathery leaves hold moisture
AthensPerth
SantiagoJordan
COLD
COLD
COLD COLD
WETWET
WET WET
•Description – short, mild winters and nearly year round rainfall. hurricanes & typhoons.
• HOUSTON is in HST
•Precipitation: year round
Vegetation – fruits, rice, vegetables, inland grasslands, and mixed forests - deciduous and coniferous trees.
ShanghaiBuenos Aires
Southern hemisphere Northern hemisphere
•Description - 4 distinct seasons. Storms and continentality - far in the interior of continents influence climate.
•Location - interior mid-latitude in N. Hemisphere
•Temperatures: winters longer as you travel north and inland.
• Vegetation: Agriculture has replaced natural prairie grass, and short coniferous forests.
HelsinkiMoscow
Northern Hemisphere
• Description – bitterly cold winter and short, cool summers.
•Temperatures: Widest temperature range between summers and winters.
•Vegetation: Taiga (Russian word for forest) a boreal forest – needled evergreens.
•Permafrost – only a small layer of the ground thaws.
Saskatoon Omsk
Northern Hemisphere
• Description – very cold with polar night for ½ of the year.
•Location – far north in the northern hemisphere
•Temperature: Cold: rarely above 50° - at least 9 months below freezing – some below 0º
•Vegetation: Short bushes, short grass, mosses, and lichen. permafrost bogs in summer.
Northern Hemisphere
FreezingFreezing
• Description – snow and ice cover this area up to 2 miles thick
•Polar night – 6 months a year the sun does not rise above the horizon (24 hours dark)
•Polar desert – moisture in the air does not reach the dew point, so it does not precipitate. Far away from Equator (dry & cold as move away)
•Temperature: Below freezing all year - Many months below zero.
•Vegetation: Possibly lichen and moss
Northern Southern
Hemisphere Hemisphere
Thuls Air Force Base
Freezing
Freezing
• Located in mountain systems throughout the world
• Precipitation – affected by the Orographic Effect. Leeward is dry – windward is wet.
• Temperature – varies with elevation – for every 1,000 feet increase in elevation the temperature decreases 3.5
• Vegetation – usually mixed forests at the base. Meadows with small trees, shrubs, and wildflowers line the mountainsides.
Mexico City
Near Equator Northern Hemisphere
Near Equator
• Hot land.
• 0 - 2,500 ft.
• 68-91ºF.
• Grow: rice, Banana, sugar cane, cacao, pineapple
• Forests: Sea level – swamps up to dry forests around 2,000 feet
• Temperate land.
• 2,500 – 6,500 ft.
• 60-70ºF.
• Grow coffee, cotton, tobacco, citrus fruit, squash, beans, and corn
• Forests: Wet forest
• Cold land.
• 6,500 – 10,000 ft.
• Less than 60 degrees.
• Grow grains such as wheat, oats, rye, and barley, apples, and also potatoes.
• Forests: Cloud forests
• Most above the tree line.
• 10,000 – 14,000 feet
• temperatures: 20 – 55º
• Grow: Grassland and hardy shrubs.
• Elfin forest at lowest elevations
• Grazing of sheep, alpacas, and llamas.
• Snow line and above.
• Above 14,000 feet
• Below 20º.
• Nothing grows here except maybe a few moss and lichen in summer.
