A) B)

C) D)

1. Which graph best shows the range of density in each of Earth's layers?

A) density decreases and temperature decreasesB) density decreases and temperature increasesC) density increases and temperature increasesD) density increases and temperature decreases

2. What happens to the density and temperature of rockwithin Earth's interior as depth increases?

A) The Earth is spherical.B) Seismic waves tend to travel in curved paths.C) The temperature of the Earth's interior decreases

with depth.D) Different parts of the Earth's interior have

different densities.

3. Which statement best explains why the direction of someseismic waves changes sharply as the waves travelthrough the Earth?

A) crust, mantle, outer core, inner coreB) crust, mantle, inner core, outer coreC) inner core, outer core, mantle, crustD) outer core, inner core, mantle, crust

4. In which group are the zones of the Earth's interiorcorrectly arranged in order of increasing averagedensity?

A)

B)

C)

D)

5. Which graph best represents the relationship betweendepth and density for the Earth's interior?

6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below. Diagram 1 represents a cross section ofEarth and its interior layers. The asterisk (*) shows the location of an earthquake epicenter. Letters A through D are seismic stations on Earth's surface. Diagram 2 shows four seismograms labeled I, II, III, andIV, which were recorded at seismic stations A, B, C, and D during the same time interval.

A) seismogram I - station A

seismogram II - station B

seismogram III - station C

seismogram IV - station DB) seismogram I - station B

seismogram II - station D

seismogram III - station A

seismogram IV - station CC) seismogram I - station C

seismogram II - station B

seismogram III - station D

seismogram IV - station AD) seismogram I - station A

seismogram II - station D

seismogram III - station B

seismogram IV - station C

Which list correctly matches the seismograms with the seismic stations where they were recorded?

A) release materials from within the EarthB) travel through the Earth at a constant velocityC) travel at different rates through different

materialsD) change radioactive decay rates of rocks

7. Useful information regarding the composition of theinterior of the Earth can be derived from earthquakesbecause earthquake waves

8. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents three seismograms showingthe same earthquake as it was recorded at three different seismic stations, A, B, and C.

A) A is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.B) B is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.C) C is closest to the epicenter, and A is farthest from the epicenter.D) A is the closest to the epicenter, and B is the farthest from the epicenter.

Which statement correctly describes the distance between the earthquake epicenter and these seismicstations?

Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the diagram and map below. The diagram shows threeseismograms of the same earthquake recorded at three different seismic stations, X, Y, and Z. The distancesfrom each seismic station to the earthquake epicenter have been drawn on the map. A coordinate systemhas been placed on the map to describe locations. The map scale has not been included.

A) 1 min 15 sec B) 2 min 20 sec C) 3 min 10 sec D) 4 min 20 sec

9. Seismic station Z is 1,700 kilometers from the epicenter. Approximately how long did it take the P-wave totravel to station Z?

A) E–5 B) G–1 C) H–3 D) H–8

10. On the map, which location is closest to the epicenter of the earthquake?

A) composition B) thicknessC) porosity D) rate of cooling

11. The observed difference in density between continentalcrust and oceanic crust is most likely due to differencesin their A) potassium B) hydrogen

C) nitrogen D) silicon

12. The two most abundant elements by mass in Earth’scrust are oxygen and

13. Base your answer to the following question on the map below. The map shows the continents of Africa andSouth America, the ocean between them, and the ocean ridge and transform faults. Locations A and D areon the continents. Locations B and C are on the ocean floor.

A) B)

C) D)

Which table best shows the relative densities of the crustal bedrock at locations A, B, C, and D?

14. Seismic data is gathered from______________________?

A) Waves would travel from the focus in only adownward direction due to the force of gravity.

B) Waves would gradually slow down as they movedoutward from the focus.

C) Waves would travel in concentric spheres at aconstant velocity outward from the focus.

D) Waves would not travel in Jell-O.

15. Suppose you were studying seismic waves in aninfinitely large vat of completely uniform Jell-O. Atone spot, called the focus, you are able to produce theseismic waves. How would you expect the waves tobehave in this medium?

A) Waves will continue exactly along their originalpaths as they emerge from the Jell-O.

B) Waves will bend at the boundary since they arepassing from one material to another withdifferent properties.Waves will bend at the boundary since they arepassing from one material to another withdifferent properties.Waves will bend at the boundary since they arepassing from one material to another withdifferent properties.

C) Waves will stop at the boundary and will cease toexist at that point.

D) Since waves cannot travel in Jell-O, no waves willbe observed at the boundary between Jell-O andwhipped cream.

16. Now suppose your infinitely large and completelyuniform vat of Jell-O has been modified by adding alayer of whipped cream on top. You are able to observethe waves traveling from the Jell-O into the whippedcream. How do you expect the waves to behave at thisboundary?

Base your answers to questions 17 and 18 on the 2-Ddiagram of the earth below and reference the globe onyour desk to answer the questions.

17. Why can you feel an earthquake in Minnesota thatoccurred in Bolivia?

18. Comparing the 2-D and 3-D model of the earth showingMaine and Bolivia, defend which model is better atsupporting why an earthquake could be felt in bothMaine and Bolivia.

A) hotter and more rigidB) cooler and more rigidC) hotter and weakerD) cooler and weaker

19. Compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is

A) only within the earthB) only to the surface of the earthC) only into the atmosphereD) out into space

20. The magnetosphere travels

A) The flow of magma to be squeezed out involcanoes

B) the mass to be great enough to keep our moon inorbit around the earth.

C) the generation of the planets magnetic fieldfrom earth's rotation makingthe liquid outer core flow against the movingmetal of the solid inner core.

D) the generation of radioactive material from earth'srotation makingthe liquid outer core flow against the movingmetal of the solid inner core.

21. The liquid outer core and the solid inner core allows for

22. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the figurebelow as a model for how Earth's rotation (the CoriolisEffect) affects the creation of the magnetosphere.

23. Looking at graphical model below, explain therelationship between temperature and pressure inEarth's interior.

24. Create a model that shows how energy would flow inthe geosphere based on the understanding that the coreis hotter than the surface.

A) delicate; weakB) plastic; deformableC) seismic; rigidD) strong; brittle

25. Rocks that are hot and weak are also __________ and__________.

A) Earthquake activity would decrease.B) Volcanic activity would cease.C) The magnetosphere would weaken.D) All of the choices given.E) None of the choices given.

26. Which is a likely prediction if radioactive decaystopped in the inner core.

A) the earth to have earthquakesB) the earth to have volcanoesC) mountains to formD) the planets magnetic field

27. The liquid outer core and solid inner core allow for

A) Data from a radar to map the surface of a planet inour Solar System.

B) A volcano is erupting on a Pacific island.C) A small community is worried about

contamination of their water wells from anindustrial waste site.

D) Geologists might be employed in any of thesescenarios!

28. In which scenario below would you be likely want tohire a geologist to help better understand the situation?

A) Crust B) outer coreC) mantle D) inner core

29. Which part of Earth's interior is inferred to haveconvection currents that cause tectonic plates tomove?

30. Describe what happens to molecules/ matter in eachlayer as you go deeper in Earth's interior and use someof the evidence provided to give an explanation why.

A) We cannot create high enough pressures toaccurately simulate conditions of the core.

B) We do not have the funds to build a high pressurelab.

C) We cannot create high enough temperatures toaccurately simulate conditions of the core.

D) It is not necessary to simulate high pressureconditions because we are able to figure this outwith current knowledge.

31. High pressure labs allow for scientists to study whathappens to matter under very high pressure. They try tosimulate the conditions found deep in the earth.What limitations exist from experiments done inhigh-pressure labs that are trying to simulate conditionsin the earth's core? (Check all that apply)

A) creation of heavier elementsB) release of heatC) a. rrelease of toxic fumesD) heat absorption

32. Radioactive decay of radioactive elements results in

33. Uranium is a radioactive substance found in the earth'scrust. It is used in nuclear power plants to produce heatthat is converted into electricity. How is this evidencethat radioactive elements in the core are a significantheat source that results in convection currents beneaththe crust?

A) allow compasses to work on earth.B) protect us from harmful space radiationC) allows birds to migrateD) Any of the answersE) None of the answers

34. The role(s) that the magnetosphere serves is/are to

A) Seismic waves bend and earthquakes generallyoccur in specific locations

B) Seismic waves bend and S waves stopC) Earthquakes generally occur in specific locations

and temperature changesD) S waves stop and temperature changes

35. Which two pieces of evidence, from the list below, bestsupport the conclusion the Earth is made up of layers?

36. Explain how convection in the mantle influencesEarth's surface.

A) less dense and thickerB) less dense and thinnerC) more dense and thickerD) more dense and thinner

37. Compared to the continental crust, the oceanic crust is

A) The oceanic crust has a greater density.B) The oceanic crust is pulled downward by Earth's

magnetic field.C) The continental crust has a more mafic

composition.D) The continental crust is pulled upward by the

Moon's gravity.

38. Why does the oceanic crust sink beneath the continentalcrust if plates are colliding at a subduction boundary?

A) gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and MoonB) electrical and magnetic fields created in the coreC) export of heat from deep in the mantle through

convectionD) swirling movements of the molten iron particles in

the outer core

39. Which of the following energy sources is thought todrive the motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

40. In which cross section below, do the arrows best showthe convection occurring below the crust, beneath lineXY at the mid-ocean ridge where the sea floor isspreading? A) slow down

B) stay the sameC) speed upD) There is no way to predict how motion of the

continents would be affected

41. 1 If the temperature of Earth's interior was the sameas at the surface, then the movement of the continentswould:

A) spin to reverse.B) interior to cool down.C) surface to be covered with lava.D) oceans to boil away.E) axis to change its tilt

42. Without any additional heat source in the material thatmakes up the layers of the earth, what would the resultbe from convection of Earth's mantle over time?

Answer KeyUnit - The Layered Earth (revised)

1. A2. C3. D4. A5. A6. D7. C8. C9. C10. C11. A12. D13. B14.15. C16. B17.18.19. B20. D21. C22.23.24.25. B26. D27. D28. D29. C

30. Unknown Layer A:Explanation:

Unknown Layer B:Explanation:

Unknown Layer C:Explanation:

Unknown Layer D:Explanation:

31. A32. B33.34. D35. B36.37. D38. A39. C40. C41. B42. B