Climate EquiLABration Laboratory Impact · Climate EquiLABration • Global climate change: What it means to Iowa – Des Moines Sunday Register – May 11, 2008 – By Perry Beeman

Climate EquiLABrationClimate EquiLABrationLaboratory ImpactLaboratory Impact

Climate EquiLABration

Impact Upon the Laboratory

2008 APHL Annual MeetingSt. Louis, Missouri

• Susan Neill, PhD, MBA– Texas Department of State Health Services– Geographical and Climate Challenges - Impacts on the

Laboratory• Patrick Luedtke, MD, MPH

– Utah Public Health Laboratories– The Changing Climate of Public Health Laboratory

Testing• Michael Wichman, PhD

– University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory– Climate EquiLABration – Impact Upon the Laboratory


Climate EquiLABrationImpact Upon the Laboratory

• Objectives:

a. Describe how the changes in climate conditions may be a contributing factor in drought, flooding and fires

b. Describe how these environmental changes can affect the type of testing performed by laboratories

Des Moines RegisterSunday, May 11th 2008

By Perry Beeman

http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080511/NEWS10/805110344/1011


http://data.desmoinesregister.com/climatechange/part1.php

Interactive Graphic

How ClimateChange could effect Iowa


• Global climate change: What it means to Iowa– Des Moines Sunday Register – May 11, 2008– By Perry Beeman

• Longer growing season could affect crop yields• Heat poses new threats to health, human life• Water shortages, more drought possible despite

heavier rains• Milder winters would affect environment, infrastructure• Wildlife to feel warming's impact; pest population could

grow

http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080511/NEWS10/805110344/1011

Climate EquiLABration - Iowa

• Iowa Climate Change Advisory Council

• SF 485 - 2007


• Anticipate• Milder Winters• Hotter

Summers

Union of Concerned Scientists – Climate Change in the Hawkeye Statehttp://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/clean_energy/Iowa_Impacts_summary-Final_2004.pdf

Climate EquiLABration1. Warmer air temperatures

resulting in increased water pollution problems

2. Heavier precipitation in tropical and inland storms will increase flooding risk of flooding

3. Droughts, changing precipitation patterns, increased evaporation due to warmer air temperatures will change the availability of water for drinking.

4. Rising sea levels will result in waterbody boundary movement

5. Changing Aquatic Biology – aquatic life replaced by other species better adapted to the warm water

6. Coastal Areas - sea level rise, increased storm and flood damage, changes in drinking water supplies, and increasing temperature and acidification of the oceans.

http://www.epa.gov/water/climatechange/docs/3-27-08_ccdraftstrategy_final.pdf



Projected ChangeProjected Impacts by Sector

Agriculture, forestry Water resources Human health/ mortality

Industry/settlement/society

Warmer/fewer cold days/nights; warmer/more hot days/nights over most land areas.

Increased yields in colder environments; decreased yields in warmer environments;

Effects on water resources relying on snow melt

Reduced human mortality from decreased cold exposure

Reduced energy demand for heating; increased demand for cooling; declining air quality in cities; reduced effects of snow, ice etc.

Warm spells/heat waves: frequency increases over most land areas

Reduced yields in warmer regions due to heat stress at key devel. stages; fire danger increase

Increased water demand; water quality problems, e.g., algal blooms

Increased risk of heat-related mortality

Reduction in quality of life for people in warm areas without air conditioning; impacts on elderly and very young; reduced thermoelectric power production efficiency

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/extreme.html





Heavy precipitation events: frequency increases over most areas

Damage to crops; soil erosion, inability to cultivate land, water logging of soils

Adverse effects on quality of surface and groundwater; contamination of water supply

Deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, allergies and dermatitis from floods and landslides

Disruption of settlements, commerce, transport and societies due to flooding; pressures on urban and rural infrastructures

Area affected by drought: increases

Land degradation, lower yields/crop damage and failure; livestock deaths; land degradation

More widespread water stress

Increased risk of food and water shortage and wild fires; increased risk of water- and food-borne diseases

Water shortages for settlements, industry and societies; reduced hydropower generation potentials; potentials for population migration






Number of intense tropical cyclones: increases

Damage to crops; windthrow of trees

Power outages cause disruption of public water supply

Increased risk of deaths, injuries, water- and food-borne diseases

Disruption by flood and high winds; withdrawal of risk coverage in vulnerable areas by private insurers

Incidence of extreme high sea level: increases

Salinization of irrigation and well water

Decreased freshwater availability due to saltwater intrusion

Increase in deaths by drowning in floods; increase in stress-related disease

Costs of coastal protection versus costs of land-use relocation; also see tropical cyclones above


Climate EquiLABration• Bark

Beetle

• Attackspinetrees

• Warmer Climate• Drought• Insecticides

http://www.amazon.com/Sound-Light-Trees-Beetles-Acoustic/dp/B000EHQ09O/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=music&qid=1211273206&sr=1-1http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/resources/health/beetle/faq.shtml

Climate EquiLABration - Iowa

CornSoybeans

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rawbanana/689360939/

Emerging Concern-Soybean Rust

• Foliar disease– Found mainly in Asian

countries such as Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, India, and more recently South Africa, Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.

• Identified in US soybean production fields in November of 2004.

• Fungicides are effective for managing disease

Early and late stages of soybean rust. Photo by Glen L. Hartman.

http://ohioline.osu.edu/ac-fact/0048.html

Soybean Rust• Causes premature defoliation• Leading to yield losses• Fewer seeds per pod• Decreased number of filled pods per plant• Early maturity

http://ohioline.osu.edu/ac-fact/0048.html

Yellow areas appear translucent Advanced disease produces spots usually clustered alongside veins.

Pustules (pimple-like structures) found underside of the leaf.

http://www.plantpath.iastate.edu/soybeanrust/node/191

Soybean Rust - Spread• Development

– Prolonged periods of leaf wetness (6–12 hours) – Moderate temperatures of 60 to 85°F– Extended periods of cool, cloudy, wet weather

and/or high humidity during the growing season – Favor soybean rust epidemics

• After infection– Pustules can be seen after about 10-14 days– Pustules produce masses of spores– Spore production may continue for weeks– Easily spread by the wind

• Soybeans susceptible to soybean rust at any development stage but symptoms are most common during and after flowering

Photo by Shawn P. Conley, Purdue University.

http://www.plantpath.iastate.edu/soybeanrust/node/191http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/ID/ID-324.pdf

Soybean RustDistribution of soybean rust in the United States at the end of November 2007

http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/node/2622

Soybean RustDistribution of Soybean Rust in Iowa - 2007

http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2007/12-10/rust.html

Soybean rust was found in a field in Dallas County, Iowa, on Tuesday, September 25, 2007.

Since the initial find, soybean rust was confirmed in 13 additional counties in Iowa

Soybean Rust

http://www.sbrusa.net/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi

Soybean Rust

http://www.sbrusa.net/cgi-bin/sbr/public.cgi

Soybean Rust - Treatment

• Application of fungicides

.

Photo by Gregory E. Shaner, Purdue University.

Photo by Shawn P. Conley, Purdue U i it

Photo by Shawn P. Conley, Purdue University.

http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/ID/ID-324.pdf

Soybean Rust – Impact on Lab

Table 1. Available fungicides for management of soybean rust in Iowa.

Active Ingredient Product (Trade Name)

Section 18 Status in Iowa

Section 3 Registration Status

azoxystrobin Quadris Registered azoxystrobin + propiconazole Quilt Registered

chlorothalonil Bravo, Echo, Equus Registered

myclobutanil Laredo EC Registered propiconazole Tilt, Bumper Registered propiconazole + trifloxystrobin Stratego Registered

pyraclostrobin Headline Registeredtetraconazole Domark Registered

http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2007/12-10/fungicides.html

Laboratory Impact - IDNR• Environmental Samples

– Soil– Water– Vegetation

• Active ingredients not regulated by SDWA/CWA• Methods – in development

– Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry– Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

• Analytical Standards• Quality Control

Climate EquiLABration• Laboratory Preparation Considerations

– Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP)– Identify essential services and functions– Identify alternate facility(ies)– Develop redundant capabilities and capacity if possible

• Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC)

• Intra- and Interstate Agreements with local, state and private sector laboratories

• “All Hazards” approach

Climate EquiLABration• Laboratory Impact

– Increased testing• Air, water, soil, sediment, mold

– Increased diversity• New or emerging contaminants, toxins

– Method development• Expand existing methods to different analytes• Develop new techniques – HPLC/ICP/MS, LC/MS/SM

• “All-Hazards” approach• Never a “dull moment” at the public health

laboratory

http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/art/mars.jpg

Thank you!Thank you!


• Failing to plan is planning to fail• Contact Information

– Michael D. Wichman• University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory• #H112 OH• 102 Oakdale Campus• Iowa City, IA 52242-5002

– Telephone: 319-335-4479– Email: [email protected]

Documents

Climate EquiLABration Laboratory Impact · Climate EquiLABration • Global climate change: What it means to Iowa – Des Moines Sunday Register – May 11, 2008 – By Perry Beeman