Climate Change Stakeholders in Pakistan

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Climate Change StakeholdersReport for Pakistan

Final ReportJune 2010


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CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................. ........iii1 INTRODUCTION AND ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND ................................................................. ..........1

1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................11.2. Background ...................................................................................................................................1

2 ------ .......................................................................................................................................................13 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................1

3.1 Climatic Concerns and Impacts on Pakistan ...................................................................................13.2 Policy Context.................................................................................................................................3

3. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES AND PROFILE OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON CLIMATECHANGE IN PAKISTAN ...........................................................................................................................5

3.3 National...........................................................................................................................................53.4 INTERNATIONAL ..................................................................................................................... ....17

4 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CLIMATE CHANGE WORK IN PAKISTAN ....................................................... .294.1 National.........................................................................................................................................294.2 International..................................................................................................................................70

5 CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED MANDATE AND POTENTIAL ROLE OF PARTNERS ..... ..... ......... ...866 CONTACT INFORMATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE STAKEHOLDERS ............................................ .96

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ABBREVIATIONS ANDACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development BankADP Annual Development Programme

AEDB Alternate Energy Development BoardALGAS Asia Least- Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement StrategyC Degree CelsiusCBD United Nations Convention on Biological DiversityCDM Clean Development MechanismCOP Conference of PartiesENERCON National Energy Conservation CentreFFC Federal Flood CommissionGDP Gross Domestic ProductGHG Greenhouse GasGoP Government of PakistanHDIP Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain DevelopmentIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIUCN International Union for Conservation of NatureIUCN International Union for Conservation of NatureMoE Ministry of Environment, Government of PakistanMOP Meeting of PartiesNARC National Agricultural Research CenterNCCW National Council for Conservation of Wildlife in PakistanNDMA National Disaster Management AuthorityNEQS National Environmental Quality StandardsNGO Non Governmental OrganizationNIO National Institute for Oceanography

Pak EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection AgencyPARC Pakistan Agriculture Research CouncilPCRET Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy TechnologiesPCRWR Pakistan Council for Research on Water ResourcesPEPAC Pakistan Environmental Planning and Architectural Consultants LimitedPEPCO Pakistan Electric Power Company (Private) LimitedPFI Pakistan Forest InstitutePIDE Pakistan Institute for Development EconomicsPMD Pakistan Meteorological DepartmentPPIB Private Power Infrastructure BoardPYCN Pakistan Youth Climate Change NetworkQMMB Quaid-i-Azam Mazar Management Board

SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological AdviceSDPI Sustainable Development Policy InstituteSUPARCO Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research CommissionTAP-CC Technical Advisory Panel on Climate ChangeTFCC Planning Commissions task Force on Climate ChangeTPAs Thematic Priority AreasUNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeWAPDA Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority

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WB World BankWRRI Water Resources Research InstituteWWF World Wide Fund for NatureZSD Zoological Survey Department

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1 INTRODUCTION AND ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND

Climate change is posing a real threat to economies and the developing countries areparticularly vulnerable. Global warming and the associated changes in precipitation,unexpected and extreme weather events, glacier melt and sea level rise are causing

considerable direct and indirect impacts on various socio-economic and environmentalsectors (such as water, agriculture, health, biodiversity / ecosystems and land resources),and are posing increasing threat to already stressed livelihoods, thus hindering thedevelopment process. Besides being highly vulnerability, the adaptive capacity of humansystems is low in the developing countries of Asia particularly. This is due to the highlevels of poverty, fragile natural resources based economies and low resilience tochanging conditions.

1.1. IntroductionPakistan is situated between the latitudes of 24 and 37 north and longitudes of 61 to75 east, stretching over 1600 kilometers from north to south and 885 kilometers fromeast to west. The country is a natural resource based economy, with more than a

quarter of its land area (22.2 million ha.) under agricultural use. Due to its highlydiverse physiography and climatic conditions, Pakistan is classified into elevengeographical, ten agro-ecological and nine major ecological zones. This uniquegeographical placement of the country exposes it to multiple threats, from glacial melt,natural disasters and droughts to sea level rise. Pakistan also has a low forest cover(4.5%), with deforestation rate as high as 0.2- 0.4 % per annum. Furthermore, thecountry has a highly fragile economic base. In 2007, Pakistan's Human DevelopmentIndex (HDI) ranked it 0.572 (141 out of 182 countries). Per capita Gross DomesticProduct (GDP) of Pakistan is ranked 125th in the world and the wealth is distributedhighly unevenly. Infact one-quarter of the population in Pakistan is classified as poor(World Resource Institute, 2007).

1.2. Background2 ------

3 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Anthropogenic climate change is widely recognized as a major challenge to humankind in thetwenty first century. Although science is still being perfected and the jury is out, there is amplescientific evidence to suggest that climate change is there and has far reaching and directadverse impact on economies, societies and ecosystems, especially on the lives of peoplethroughout the world. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario studiesshow that without additional mitigation climate policies, global mean temperature changecould range from 1.1 C to 6.4 C by the end of the century compared to 1980-99

3.1 Climatic Concerns and Impacts on Pakistan

Diverse geography coupled with high levels of poverty and fragile economic base hasrendered Pakistan especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. According toa vulnerability index published by a group of researchers (Maplecroft, 2007), Pakistanhas been rated as the 12th most vulnerable country to climate change. More seriousconcerns have been identified after considerations to the economics of climate

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change. It has been estimated that the overall costs and risks of climate change will beequivalent to losing at least 5% of GDP each year. If a wider range of risks andimpacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP ormore. The carbon sinks / forests are also degrading fast as the country and thecountry already has a low forest cover (4.5%) with a high rate of deforestation of about

0.2-0.4 % per annum (ALGAS, 1998) Pakistan is not a significant contributor to globalGHG emissions (annual emissions of 107.5 million tones carbon dioxide equivalent inyear 2002 which are 0.43% of worlds total and 135th in worlds ranking). However, thelow carbon emission status of the country provides no safety from the impacts ofclimate change.

Biodiversity and Forest EcosystemsIt is being predicted that climate change has caused a shift in habitat from wetmonsoon forest to savannah / rangeland. A number of species of unique flora andfauna are also at the verge of extinction, due to changes in habitat conditions. Forestlands in northern mountain areas of Pakistan would also shift from one biome toanother, which would decrease the productivity of this precious resource.

Water ResourcesResearch conducted by Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC) predicts thatWestern Himalayan glaciers will retreat for the next 50 years, and may later result in adecrease of river flows by up to 30% to 40% over the subsequent 50 years. A WorldBank (WB) report stated that Pakistan is among the 17 countries that are currentlyfacing water shortages. These facts further press on the need for developing seriousconcerns over climatic impacts on our resource base and economy. According tofigures used by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there has been a0.6C to 1.0C rise in average temperatures since early 1900s in the coastal areas ofPakistan and a 10% to 15% decrease in precipitation in the coastal belt and hyper aridplains over the last 40 years.

Agricultural Productivity and Food SecurityFigures used by Ministry of Food and Agriculture say that agriculture contributes toabout 24% of GDP and employs 46% of the workforce in the country. Majority of theagricultural base is highly dependent of availability of adequate water and conduciveclimatic conditions.

Climate change is negatively affecting agricultural productivity by altering bio-physicalrelationships, such as changing growing periods of the crops, altering schedule ofcropping seasons, increasing crop stresses, changing irrigation water requirements,altering soil characteristics, and increasing risk of pests and diseases. A WBs reportsays that Pakistan is among the 36 countries where there is serious threat offood

crisis.

Extreme Events and Natural DisastersFrequency of extreme events has also been observed in the country. The countrysworst flood was observed in river Jhelum in 1992, followed by severe urban stormflooding in Punjab in 1996 and 2003, and cloud bust in Islamabad in 2001. The countryalso faced the worst drought from 1998 to 2001. In 1999, a cyclone struck the south-east coast of Pakistan. The most heavy snowfall was recorded in 2005, which wasalso the warmest year on record. Other extreme events, such as heavy rains, flash

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floods, dust, thunder and hail storms and heat waves have been observed in recentyears. Such catastrophes have resulted in loss of thousands of precious lives anddamage to property and natural resources worth billions of rupees. There has alsobeen a visible and significant deviation of weather patterns - with early springs, shorterwinter and longer summers.

Health ImpactsExtreme temperatures can directly cause loss of life, as warm temperatures canincrease air and water pollution, which in turn harm human health. Extremely hottemperatures increase human death toll. Other impacts include those that give rise towater and food, vector and rodent borne diseases. Moreover, viral and pollen ailmentshave also been reported to be more common recently. Specific research on impacts ofclimate change on health sectors is insufficient.

3.2 Policy Context

In order to be a progressive nation, safeguard its ecological integrity and ensure

sustainable development, Pakistan has shown a very strong commitment to play aneffective role in global efforts aiming to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Pakistanhas been actively participating in the global dialogue since the historic Rio EarthSummit in 1992. The country has also effectively contributed to global dialogue onclimate change, sustainable development and conservation and is a signatory to anumber of conventions and protocols, including the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

Pakistan entered in to Kyoto Protocol on 11 January 2005 and has since becomeeligible to benefit form carbon financing opportunities under the Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM). Pakistan formulated the National Operational Strategy for CDM inFebruary 2006, which offers tremendous incentives to investors to generate carbon

credits for reducing carbon emission from potential sectors.

Pakistan has also participated in all international climate change related negotiations,including Conference of Parties (COP) to UNFCCC, Meeting of Parties (MOP) to theKyoto Protocol and meetings of subsidiary bodies.

A Task Force on Climate Change was set up by the Planning Commission of Pakistanin October 2008 with the view to take stock of countrys situation in relation to climatechange; to contribute to the formulation of a climate change policy that would assistthe government in achieving sustained economic growth by appropriately addressingclimate change threats so as to ensure water security, food security and energysecurity of the country; and to recommend policy measures for promoting large scale

Adaptation and Mitigation efforts, raising awareness of various stakeholders; andenhancing the capacities of relevant national institutions.

The final report of the Task Force has been issued in February 2010, which describesPakistans vulnerability to climate change due to impacts on various socio-economicsectors. It recommends a number of adaptation and mitigation measures based on theinitial available assessment of different sectors and reviews the countrys implicitongoing and planned responses. It also provides recommendations on issues such asmuch needed capacity building, needs for international cooperation and Pakistans

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position in international negotiations on future climate change regime. It is hoped thisreport will serve as a seminal document, providing a base for further work and helpingthe Planning Commission and the Ministry of Environment in the formulation ofNational Climate Change Policy and Plan of Action.

The report identifies the basic elements of Pakistans climate change policy for thenear to medium term future. Salient among those are to:

Assist the government for sustainable economic growth by appropriatelyaddressing the challenges posed by climate change, in particular the threats toPakistans water, food and energy security;

Contribute to the international efforts to check climate change by controllingPakistans own GHG emissions to the maximum extent feasible;

The report identifies the basic elements of Pakistans climate change policy forthe near to medium term future. Salient among those are to:

Assist the government for sustainable economic growth by appropriatelyaddressing the challenges posed by climate change, in particular the threats toPakistans water, food and energy security;

Contribute to the international efforts to check climate change by controllingPakistans own GHG emissions to the maximum extent feasible;

In order to take forward the recommendations of the Task Force, the Ministry ofEnvironment and Planning Commissions are undertaking all possible measures toformulate policies including the National Adaptation Action Plan and implementnecessary Programmes. However, still much needs to be done to start preparation of

NAPA and climate change policy in Pakistan.

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3. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES ANDPROFILE OFSTAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON CLIMATE CHANGE INPAKISTAN

A brief description of the organizations working in Pakistan on the subject of climate change ispresented below:

3.3 National

A. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN(www.environment.gov.pk)

Ministry of Environment, GoP is the countrys focal point on the subjects of environment,ecology, human settlement and forests. The following businesses have been allocated to theMinistry:a. National policy, plans and program regarding environmental planning, pollution and

ecologyb. Housing, physical planning and human settlements, including urban water supply,

sewerage and drainagec. Dealings and agreements with other countries and international organizations in the

fields of environment, housing, physical and human settlementsd. Quaid-e-Azam Memorial Funde. Economic planning and policy making in respect of forestry and wildlifef. Administrative control of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA), Pakistan

Forest Institute (PFI), Zoological Survey Department (ZSD), Quaid-e-Azam MazarManagement Board (QMMB), National Energy Conservation Center (ENERCON),Pakistan Environmental Planning and Architectural Consultants Limited (PEPAC) andNational Council for Conservation of Wildlife in Pakistan (NCCW)

Ministry of Environment is headed by the Federal Minister and the Federal Secretary holds theadministrative charge. The Ministry comprises five wings, namely Administration,Development, Environment, International Cooperation and Forestry.

The Ministry is the national focal institution responsible for dealing with the subject of climatechange. It is also the focal Ministry for the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC) and the Designated National Authority (DNA) for CDM in Pakistan.

i. Environment Wing(www.environment.gov.pk)

The Environment Wing of the Ministry of Environment is headed by Director General(Environment). It has been given the responsibility of dealing with the subject ofclimate change, and working as the National Focal Person for UNFCCC and theDesignated National Authority for Clean Development Mechanism. Director General(Environment) is supported by two Deputy Secretaries i.e., Deputy Secretary (ClimateChange- I) and Deputy Secretary (Climate Change- II).

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A CDM Cell (www.cdmpakistan.gov.pk) also operates under the Deputy Secretary(Climate Change-I) and is primarily responsible for implementation of PakistanNational Operational Strategy for CDM.

ii. Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC)(www.gcisc.org.pk)

GCISC is an autonomous Centre under the administrative control of the Ministry ofEnvironment. The Centre is headed by the Executive Director. There are threesections in the Centre, each well equipped with technical manpower to undertakerelated research on agriculture, water and climatology. The main objectives of thecentre are to:- Keep record of current and future trends in climate change, globally and within

Pakistan- Analyze and evaluate the climate change impacts on key socio-economic

sectors in Pakistan

- Analyze how technology may be called upon to coupe with the adverseimpacts, if any, and advise national planners on the appropriate strategies andapproaches

- Enhance national capacity for climate change research- Raise awareness on climate change issue

The current research focus at GCISC is on the following aspects:- Project impact of climate change in Pakistan for coming decades. Projections

will be based on world level coarse resolution global models and dynamicdownscaling of outputs of the selection models to regional scale

- Assessment of past temporal changes in the Karakoram glaciers, using remotesensing data

- Monitoring assessment of the impacts of projected climate change on glaciermelt and water inflows in main rivers of Pakistan and productivity of variousagricultural crops in different climate zones

- Identification and assessment of appropriate adaptation measures- Development of indicators and indices for extreme climate events and

development of meteorological tools for projecting the occurrence of suchevents

- Seasonal predictions and climate forecasts at decadal and inter-annual levels- Remote sensing and geographic information system based studies of temporal

changes resulting in deforestation, land degradation, inundation of deltaicregion, glacial lakes formation and associated flooding

- Assessment of alternate energy supply strategies for Pakistan, with a focus on

climate change mitigation and preservation of local environment

iii. National Energy Conservation Centre (ENERCON)(http://www.enercon.gov.pk)

Established in 1987, ENERCON was transferred to Ministry of Environment as anattachment in 1996. Its mission is to cultivate a new energy culture, focusing onachieving sustainable development through conservation and efficient use of energyresources. ENERCON serves as the national focal point for energy conservation /

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energy efficiency activities in all sectors of the economy, namely industry, agriculture,transport, building and domestic. The strategy it adopts promotes energy conservationthrough a whole spectrum of activities, starting from identification of energyconservation opportunities to technology demonstration, undertaking pilot projects,information and outreach, training and education, and development of plans and

policies for promoting energy efficiency.

ERERCON is headed by its Managing Director, who is supported by Chief (Industriesand Power), Chief (Agriculture), Chief (Administration) and Chief (Policy andCoordination).

iv. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak- EPA)(http://www.environment.gov.pk)

Pak-EPA is an attached department of the Ministry of Environment, responsible forimplementation of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, which provides for theprotection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of environment for the

prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable development inPakistan. Pak-EPA also provides technical assistance to the Ministry of Environmentfor formulation of environment policy and programmes.

The basic functions of Pak- EPA are to:- Prepare / revise and establish the National Environmental Quality Standards

(NEQs)- Take measures to promote research and development of science and

technology, which may contribute to prevention of pollution- Protect environment and sustainable development- Identify the needs for and initiate legislation in various environment sectors- Provide information and guidance to the public on environmental matters

- Specify safeguards for prevention of accidents and disasters which may causepollution- Encourage the formation and working of non-governmental organizations and

village organizations, to prevent and control pollution and promote sustainabledevelopment

Pak- EPA operates at a provincial level though provincial EPAs, which include;Balochistan Environmental Protection Agency, Punjab Environmental Protection

Agency, Sindh Environmental Protection Agency and Balochistan EnvironmentalProtection Agency.

v. Forestry Wing

(http://www.environment.gov.pk)

The Forestry Wing of the Ministry of Environment is headed by Inspector General ofForests, who is supported by Deputy Inspector General of Forest-I and DeputyInspector General of Forest-II. The Forestry Wing is the custodian and implementingagency for the Pakistan Forest Policy (draft) and is engaged in forest policy planningand implementation. Though this wing has no direct involvement with the subject ofclimate change, they are required to provide technical support to relevant institutionsdealing with forestry, carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. The Wing

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also deals with relevant international conventions, including United Nations Conventionto Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

vi. Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI), Peshawar

(http://www.environment.gov.pk)

Pakistan Forest Institute is an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Environment.The institute is mandated to conduct research on different fields of forests, includingforest utilization, forest products, pathology, timber and wood technology, forestgenetics, mensuration, engineering, siriculture, apiculture, forest management,economics, silviculture and other allied disciplines. Besides forest research, theinstitute is mandated to impart quality education and training, in order to providetechnical manpower for forestry services in Pakistan.

vii. Zoological Survey Department (ZSD)(http://www.zsd.gov.pk)

ZSD is an attached department of the Ministry of Environment. The primary function ofthe department is to collect information on the fauna of the country so that basicknowledge about the zoogeography of Pakistan is known. ZSD is the guardian of thenational zoological collection. Extensive and valuable field studies have beenundertaken by the department in different parts of the country. These studies havecovered special ecological areas, lands, forests, wetlands, high altitudes as well aslakes, rivers and coastal areas. Animal species are also studied in their ecologicalzones, and their distribution, habitat, status, food habits and other relevant biologicaland scientific information and data is martialled. The department has a handsomespecimen of different groups of animals from different habitat and ecosystems of thecountry.

The objectives of the ZSD are to:- Obtain information on distribution, population dynamics and status of animal life

in Pakistan- Set up and maintain standard zoological collections for reference

Undertake research on the ecology, biology, physiology and biochemistry ofimportant marine animals

- Advise the government on all zoological matters, including conservation,management, export and import of wildlife

- Impart education and create public awareness about wildlife conservation

B. PLANNING COMMISSION, GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

(www.planningcomission.gov.pk)

The economic and social objectives of GoP are to promote the welfare of the peopleand raise the standard of living of its citizens by optimally utilizing the resources of thecountry; developing rapidly by making provision for the basic necessities of life,educational and health facilities; working under just and human conditions; ensuringequitable adjustment of rights relating to the ownership and use of land and betweenemployers and employees; and preventing the concentration of wealth and means ofproduction and distribution in a few hands to the detriment of the people as a whole;

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and securing social justice and equal opportunity to all. The Prime Minister is theChairman of Planning Commission which apart from the Deputy Chairman, comprisesof nine members, including Secretary, Planning and Development Division / MemberCoordination, Chief Economist; Director, Pakistan Institute of DevelopmentEconomics; Executive Director, Implementation and Monitoring; and representatives of

social sector, science and technology, energy, infrastructure, food and agriculture. TheCommission works under the overall direction of a Policy Board chaired by the PrimeMinister and including the Deputy Chairman, 10 Federal Ministers and members ofCommission.

i. Pakistan Institute for Development Economics (PIDE)(www.pide.org.pk)

PIDE is devoted to theoretical and empirical research on development economics ingeneral and Pakistan related economic issues in particular. In addition to providing afirm academic base to economic policy-makers, the research also provides a windowthrough which the outside world can view the nature and direction of economic

research in Pakistan. Other social sciences, such as demography and anthropologyand interdisciplinary studies, increasingly define the widening scope of research thatmust be undertaken for proper economic policy and development, to have soundunderpinnings.

In November 2006, PIDE was granted a degree awarding status. In 2008, a Centre forEnvironmental Economics and Climate Change (CEECC) has been established underPIDE, with a vision to creating best alternative applied solutions to human-natureinteractions. The mission of the Centre is to conduct and facilitate research throughapplied conservation, optimization, reduction and exploration. The Centre is nowawarding MS and M. Phil degrees in environmental economics and climate change.

C. MINISTRY OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK, GOVERNMENT OFPAKISTAN(www.minfal.gov.pk)

The Division is mainly responsible for policy formulation, economic coordination andplanning with respect to food grain, agriculture and livestock. Major functions of theDivision include procurement of food grains, fertilizer, import price stabilization ofagricultural produce, international liaison, economic studies for framing agriculturalpolicies, fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters and animal quarantine.Moreover, this Division is actively involved in inspection, grading analysis of foodgrains, activities relating to aid / assistance being received from the donor agencies,collection and compilation of agriculture statistics, marketing intelligence and

standardization of agricultural machinery. Agricultural activities also includeidentification of under-developed areas and precautionary measures for removal of thecauses of under-development in different areas. Additionally, the Division administersmajor activities geared towards animal protection, veterinary drugs, and livestockinsurance, including the poultry and livestock products.

i. Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC)(www.parc.gov.pk)

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PARC was established in 1981 under the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and LivestockDepartment, as an autonomous apex body with an aim to undertake, aid, promote andcoordinate research at a federal and provincial level and provide science basedsolutions for the development of agriculture sector in Pakistan. The Council hassituatory functions to expedite utilization of research results; establish research

facilities; train high level scientific manpower; generate, acquire and disseminateresearch information; and establish and maintain research information related toagriculture development in Pakistan.

a. Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI), National AgricultureResearch Council

WRRI was established during 1991-92 as a result of re-organization of thewater related research programmes being executed at National AgriculturalResearch Center (NARC), Islamabad. Presently, the Institute is involved inproblem-oriented, strategic, operational and inter-disciplinary research in areasof national importance. The Institute has a fully trained multi-disciplinary team

of about 24 qualified scientists / engineers supported by over 40 skilled staffwith well-equipped laboratories and weather stations. The scientists andengineers are engaged in research activities aimed at devising solutions andmanagement strategies for water resources which are economically viable,technically feasible and socially acceptable.

The goal of the Institute is to develop technologies, new knowledge andmanagement strategies related to water resources of the rain-fed and irrigatedfarming system, to enhance productivity per unit of water. The objectives of thisInstitute are to:- Optimize the productivity of water use under rainfed and

irrigated environment

- Develop a sustainable balance between resource utilization andits replenishment

The Institute has excellent technical capacities available to conduct modelingbased research on the behavior of Himalayan- Karakoram glaciers in Pakistan,.The institute has published exception quality research on glaciers in past isalso currently engaged in further modeling in this field.

D. MINISTRY FOR WATER AND POWER, GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN(www.mowp.gov.pk)

In the changing scenario of private sectors advent to Pakistans power sector, the Ministry of

Water and Power, besides dealing with policy matters relating to development of these tworesources, performs certain specific functions also, such as carrying out strategic and financialplanning for the long term master plans in the public and private sector. The long term powersector projects submitted by Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and its alliedcorporations are being scrutinized by the Ministry through its attached departments, keepingin view the technical and financial viability of such projects. This indirectly results in greatsavings to the national exchequer, as unviable projects are either phased out or areprocessed with optimum financial planning and technical viability. Similarly private sectorprojects in the power sector are being processed by Private Power Infrastructure Board

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(PPIB), in close supervision of the Ministry which sets the policy guidelines for approval ofprivate projects. Five Year Plans and Annual Development Programme (ADP) in water andpower sector are all overseen by the Ministry. The Ministry of Water and Power also monitorsactivities in the field of power generation, transmission and distribution. It performs asupervisory and advisory role for smooth operation of power sector. It also coordinates inter-

provincial water sharing issues and activities related to irrigation, drainage, water logging, inaddition to monitoring the operation of Indus Water Treaty of 1960 between Pakistan andIndia.

The Ministry of Water and Power plans to meet the future energy and water requirements ofPakistan. For this purpose, in liaison and in consultation with the provinces, WAPDA andinternational experts etc., plans are developed and financing and monitoring systems are putin place, to implement the plans using available indigenous resources.

i. Federal Flood Commission(www.ffc.gov.pk)

Federal Flood Commission (FFC) was established in 1977 under the Ministry for Waterand Power, for integrated flood management across the country. It is responsible forplanning and commissioning of flood protection works in Pakistan.

ii. Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)(www.wapda.gov.pk)

WAPDA was created in 1958 as a semi-autonomous body, for the purpose ofcoordinating and giving a unified direction to the development of schemes in water andpower sectors, which were previously being dealt with by respective electricity andirrigation departments of the provinces. WAPDA is now fully responsible for thedevelopment of hydel power and water sector projects. The Charter of Duties of

WAPDA is to investigate, plan and execute schemes for the following fields:- Generation, transmission and distribution of power- Irrigation, water supply and drainage- Prevention of water logging and reclamation of waterlogged and saline lands- Flood management- Inland navigation

WAPDA has also developed a research facility under the Environment Wing, which asconducted good work on modeling of the behavior of glaciers in Pakistan, specially incontext of the behavior of northern glaciers in Pakistan and their current and futurepotential impacts of Indus river system flows in Indus Basin.

iii. Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO)Private Limited(www.pepco.gov.pk)

PEPCO has been entrusted the task of managing the transition of WAPDA from abureaucratic structure to a corporate, commercially viable and productive entity.PEPCOs vision is to make Pakistans power sector customer friendly, efficient, ableand responsive to meeting the electric energy requirements of industry, business anddomestic customers, and move to an energy sufficient model from the current energydeficient scenario, on a commercially viable and sustainable basis, in order to support

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the high growth economy and to meet the government's objective of "Power for All".PEPCOs mission is to fully enable the reform and restructuring of Pakistans powersector and to transform the fourteen corporate entities into autonomous andcommercially viable enterprises, through introduction of effective corporatemanagement, best business and utility practices, and well engineered systems, and

bridge the ever growing supply-demand gap, to meet customers electric energyrequirement on a sustainable and environmentally friendly basis, through bestutilization of resources, in an efficient, ethical and customer friendly manner, withresponsibility to the community and the nation. The objectives of PEPCO are to:- Stop load shedding- Construct new grid stations- Reduce line losses, minimize tripping and control theft- Revamp generation units and improve customer service- Develop an integrated automated power planning system for generation,

transmission and distribution to ensure system stability and fault isolation andupgrade the relying, metering and tripping system

iv. Private Power Infrastructure Board (PPIB)(www.ppib.gov.pk)

PPIB was created in 1994 to facilitate the private sector in the participation of powergeneration in Pakistan. PPIB provides a one-window facility to private sector investorsin matters concerning establishment of power projects and related infrastructure.These matters include negotiation of the Implementation Agreement. PPIB alsoprovides support to the power purchaser and fuel supplier while negotiating the PowerPurchase Agreement, Fuel Supply Agreement, Gas Supply Agreement and otherrelated agreements, and liaison with the concerned local and international agencies forfacilitating and expediting progress of private sector power projects.

PPIB is working to attract and facilitate investments in Pakistans power sector. Anumber of foreign investors have expressed interest in setting up power generationprojects that would utilize our indigenous resources including hydel, wind, natural gas,and coal. Their proposals have been evaluated and the prospective investorsfacilitated and encouraged to come up with power projects focusing on maximumutilization of available local resources.

PPIB aims to promote and facilitate private sector participation in the Pakistan powersector in an efficient, fair and transparent manner, with coherent efforts of keystakeholders, in line with the private power policies of GoP and the electricity demand /supply projections, after taking into account the planned public sector power projects.

v. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB)(www.aedb.org)

AEDB has been established under the Ministry of Water and Power with a purpose todevelop national strategy, policies and plans for utilization of alternative and renewableenergy resources to achieve the targets approved by the Federal Government inconsultation with the Board. The objectives of AEDB are to:- Act as a forum for evaluating, monitoring and certifying alternative or renewable

energy projects and products

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- Facilitate power generation through alternative or renewable energy resourcesby:- Acting as one window facility for establishing, promoting and facilitating

alternative or renewable energy projects based on wind, solar, small-hydel,fuel cells, tidal, ocean, biogas, biomass etc.

- Setting up alternative and renewable energy power pilot projects on its ownor through joint venture or partnership with public or private entities in orderto create awareness and motivation to undertake such initiatives for thebenefit of general public as well as by evaluation concepts andtechnologies form technical and financial perspective

- Conducting feasibility studies and surveys to identify opportunities forpower generation through alternative and renewable energy resources

- Undertaking technical, financial and economic evaluation of the alternativeor renewable energy proposals, as well as providing assistance in filling ofrequired licensing applications and tariff petitions to National Electric PowerRegulatory Authority (NEPRA)

- Interacting and coordinating with national and international agencies for

promotion and development of alternative energy- Assisting the development and implementation of plans with concerned

authorities and provincial governments for off-grid electrification

E. MINISTRY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN(www.most.gov.pk)

The Ministry of Science and Technology has an aim of directing GoPs efforts to initiate andlaunch scientific and technological programs in the country. The Ministry is responsible for thepreparation and implementation of all science and technological research policies and plans.The objectives of this Ministry include:

- Preparation and implementation of science and technology related national policiesand plans- Promotion of science and technology for achieving rapid economic development and

enhancing self reliance through science and technology inputs- Development and maintenance of an adequate national science and technology

system- Improvement in the living standard of masses and ensuring national security through

science and technology applicationsi. Pakistan Council for Research on Water Resources (PCRWR)

(www.pcrwr.gov.pk)

PCRWR is a research body of the Ministry of Science and Technology. Its mission ismake Pakistan sufficient in water resources by supplying good quality drinking waterfor human, livestock, wildlife, and irrigation of agriculture crops as well as for industrialuse. It is an apex autonomous body established with the objective to conduct,organize, coordinate and promote research in all aspects of water resources. Since itsinception, PCRWR has played its role as a national research organization. It hasundertaken and promoted applied as well as basic research in various disciplines ofwater sector, more specifically, irrigation, drainage, surface and groundwatermanagement, groundwater recharge, watershed management, desertification control,

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rainwater harvesting, , water quality assessment and monitoring, and development ofinnovative water resource management, conservation and quality improvementtechnologies, etc. PCRWR is mandated to conduct, organize, coordinate and promoteresearch in all fields of water resources engineering, planning and management, tooptimally use the available land and water resources and help achieve sustainability in

the agricultural sector. PCRWR has also conducted quality research work on behaviorof glaciers in Northern Pakistan and third impact or water resources in Country,particularly in terms of changing climatic patterns.

ii. Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET)(www.pcret.gov.pk)

PCRET is a body under the Ministry of Science and Technology and is the primeinstitution in the country for coordinating research and development in the field ofrenewable energy technologies. PCRET has been assigned the responsibility toconduct research and development, provide training and promote renewable energytechnologies in the country. Its four main areas of work are photovoltaic (solar

electricity), solar thermal appliances (solar cookers, solar dyers, solar water heater,solar desalination plants), micro-hydel, wind, bio-energy (biogas, bio-oil and other biofuels), geothermal and ocean waves.

iii. National Institute for Oceanography (NIO)

NIO is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Science and Technology.The main components involved in the development of NIO are development ofprofessional and technical manpower, development of institutional capability andmanagement capability for marine data acquisition and processing. NIOs main area ofresearch is the north Arabian Sea and beyond. The oceanic and atmosphericprocesses of the north Arabian Sea modify our climate and offer numerous living and

non-living resources. Oceanographic research brings together all the scientificdisciplines needed to study the ocean. More specific fields of research, to understandthe physical processes of deltaic, coastal and offshore waters of the northern ArabianSea region are:- Sea level changes and coastal water dynamics- Distribution and structure of oceanic fronts in the shelf seas- Analysis of oceanic and tidal currents- Tidal predictions for ports along Pakistan coast- Spatial and temporal variations in coastal processes- Numerical modelling

F. MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL RESOURCES, GOVERNMENT OF

PAKISTAN(www.mpnr.gov.pk)

The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources has a mission to ensure availability andsecurity of sustainable supply of oil and gas (for economic development and strategicrequirements of Pakistan) and to coordinate development of natural resources of energy andminerals. The Ministry adopts an integrated approach to promote exploration and fast trackdevelopment of oil, gas and mineral resources, deregulate, liberalize and privatize oil, gas andmineral sector through structured reforms, attract mineral sectors, develop technical

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professional human resources, optimize existing energy delivery infrastructure i.e. oil and gaspipelines, and reduce imported fuel oil consumption with indigenous gas by optimallybalancing the gas availability and supplies from local and imported resources.

i. Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP)

(www.hdip.com.pk)

HDIP is the national petroleum research and development organization. It is anautonomous body of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources, established in1975 for the purpose of undertaking, promoting and guiding scientific research anddevelopment in the field of hydrocarbons, and for matters connected therewith orancillary thereto. The objectives and functions of HDIP are to assist the government inthe design of national policies for the development of hydrocarbon industry, taking intoaccount the national needs. The Institute also undertakes basin studies, research anddevelopment to facilitate exploration of hydrocarbons and develop and promote use ofclean, economic and alternative fuels in the country.

G. MINISTRY OF DEFENSE, GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

Ministry of Defense deals with all policy and administrative matters pertaining to all the armedforces engaged in the defense of the country. The Ministry of Defense is responsible for policyand administrative matters pertaining to the defense of the federation and three armed forces.It also deals with various administrative and financial matters pertaining to aviation and casesrelating to meteorological and other related matters.

i. Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)(www.pakmet.com.pk)

PMD is both a scientific and a service department, and functions under the Ministry of

Defense. It is responsible for providing meteorological service throughout Pakistan towide variety of interest and for numerous public activities and projects which requireweather information. In its services to aviation the department's responsibility goes tosome extent beyond national boundaries in fulfillment of accepted internationalagreements and obligations which include, among other things, the collection andrebroadcast of meteorological data. Apart from meteorology, the department is alsoconcerned with agrometeorology, hydrology, astronomy, astrophysics (including solarphysics), seismology, geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity and studies of theionosphere and cosmic rays. PMD shoulders the responsibility to investigate thefactors responsible for global warming, climate change its impact assessment andadaptation strategies in various sectors of human activities.

Major functions entrusted to PMD include provision of information on meteorologicaland geophysical matters with the objective of traffic safety in air, on land and sea,mitigation of disasters due to weather and geophysical phenomena, agriculturedevelopment based on climatic potential of the country, and prediction andmodification of weather forecast. In pursuance of its objectives the Department hasestablished:- A network of observing stations to generate meteorological, geophysical and

phenological data- A telecommunication system for speedy dissemination of data

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- Meteorological offices to analyse data for issuing forecasts and warnings foraviation, agriculture, shipping, sports, irrigation etc.

- Climatological and data processing units for scrutinizing, comparing andpublishing data for appraisal of long term weather trends and earthquakes.

Besides other areas related to climatology, the PMD is conducting collaboratingresearch with Centers like Global Change Impacts Studies Center on role of glaciersand their changing patter in respect to climate change.

ii. Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)(www.suparco.gov.pk)

SUPARCO, the national space agency, was established in 1961 as a Committee andwas granted the status of a Commission in 1981. SUPARCO is mandated to conductresearch and development in space science, space technology, and their peacefulapplications in the country. It works towards developing indigenous capabilities inspace technology and promoting space applications for socio-economic uplift of the

country. Its role is to:

- Undertake research and conduct pilot studies based on the applications ofsatellite remote sensing data and Geographic Information System technologyto natural resources surveying, mapping and environmental monitoring,including the glaciers in Northern Pakistan

- Undertake research studies in space and atmospheric sciences, includingsatellite meteorology, satellite radiance, troposphere / stratosphere studies,atmospheric pollution, satellite geodesy and astronomy

- Undertake research studies relating to the ionosphere and associated radiowave propagation and geomagnetism

- Develop, design, fabricate, assemble, and launch communication satellites for

voice, video, direct-to-home TV broadcast services and digital data transfers,Earth observation satellites for various scientific / technological applications,and sounding rockets for upper and middle atmospheric research

- Establish and operate ground receiving stations for acquisition of SRS data forearth resources surveying, mapping and environmental monitoring studies,acquiring data for atmospheric / meteorological studies, and transmitting andreceiving signals from communication satellites

- Get reception of signals from ships, boats and vehicles in distress under thesatellite-aided search and rescue COSPAS-SARSAT programme

- Establish and operate facilities for tracking satellites / rockets to determine theirorbital parameters, trajectories, etc.

- Develop instrumentation for various scientific and technological experiments

- Develop software for different functions

H. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (NDMA),PRIME MINISTERS SECRETARIAT(www.ndma.gov.pk)

NDMA has been established under the Prime Ministers Secretariat with a goal to achievesustainable social, economic and environmental development in Pakistan through reducingrisks and vulnerabilities, particularly those of the poor and marginalized groups, and by

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effectively responding to and recovering from all types of disaster events. The aim of NDMA isto manage complete spectrum of disasters by adopting a disaster risk reduction perspective indevelopment planning at all levels, and through enhancing institutional capacities for disasterpreparedness, response and recovery. Besides this, NDMA performs the following functions:- Coordinate a complete spectrum of disaster risk management at a national level

- Act as Secretariat of the National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC) tofacilitate implementation of disaster risk management strategies

- Map all hazards in the country and conduct risk analysis on a regular basis- Develop guidelines and standards for national and provincial stakeholders regarding

their role in disaster risk management- Ensure establishment of disaster management authorities and emergency operations

centers at provincial, district and municipal levels in hazard-prone areas- Provide technical assistance to federal ministries, departments and provincial disaster

management authorities for disaster risk management initiatives- Organize training and awareness raising activities for capacity development of

stakeholders, particularly in hazard-prone areas- Collect, analyze, process and disseminate inter-sectoral information required in an all

hazards management approach- Ensure that appropriate regulations are framed to develop disaster response volunteer

teams- Create requisite environment for participation of media in disaster risk management

activities- Serve as the lead agency for NGOs to ensure their performance matches accepted

international standards- Serve as the lead agency for international cooperation in disaster risk management.

This will particularly include, information sharing, early warning, surveillance, jointtraining, and common standards and protocols required for regional and internationalcooperation

- Coordinate emergency response of federal government in the event of a national level

disaster through the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC)- Require any government department or agency to make available such human orphysical resources as are available for the purpose of emergency response, rescueand relief

3.4 INTERNATIONAL

A. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)(www.undp.org.pk)

The UN system in Pakistan continues to strengthen its efforts to achieve greater impact incontributing to national development plans and priorities. The impetus of this effort remains

grounded in One UN reform, following the call from the UN General Assembly in 1997 for amore coherent, effective and efficient UN development system.

UNDP in particular recognizes that there must be mutual accountability for results betweenthe UN Country Team, to ensure that all entities are working together under One UN umbrellatoward the common goal of supporting national development plans around agreed-uponprogramme priorities under One Programme. UNDP is also an important partner of GoP forachieving national development goals and international commitments including the MillenniumDevelopment Goals. UNDP's works with the government, civil society and development

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partners in four broad programmatic areas: poverty reduction and gender, democraticgovernance, energy and environment, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP sponsorsinnovative pilot projects; serves as a catalyst for linking global good practices and resourcesto the host country; promotes the role of women in development; provides poverty policysupport and community driven local area development; advocates on the issue of HIV and

AIDS; and brings GoP, civil society and other development partners together for enhancedharmonization and coordination of their efforts. It carries out a host of interventions groupedtogether under the following three heads; pro poor policy and advocacy, community basedarea development programmes and gender equality programme.

B WORLD BANK (WB)(www.web.worldbank.org)

WB is one of the worlds largest sources of funding and knowledge for support to governmentsof member countries, in an effort to invest in schools and health centers, provide water andelectricity, fight disease and protect the environment. The Bank is deepening its engagementon social protection, community-led development, water management, energy, and

infrastructure, while maintaining strong programs in education, and irrigation. WB carries outprojects and provides a wide variety of analytical and advisory services to help meet thedevelopment needs of individual countries and the international community.

C. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)(www.adb.org/pakistan)

ADB is an international development finance institution whose mission is to help its developingmember countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life. ADB's main partners aregovernments, private sector, non-government organizations, development agencies,community-based organizations and foundations. In pursuing its vision, ADB's maininstruments comprise of loans, technical assistance, grants, advice and knowledge. Although

most lending arrangements is with the public sector - and to governments - ADB also providesdirect assistance to private enterprises of developing countries through equity investments,guarantees and loans. In addition to this, its triple-A credit rating helps mobilize funds fordevelopment.

The Pakistan Resident Mission was opened in 1989 and provides the primary operational linkbetween ADB and the government, private sector, and civil society stakeholders. The Missionengages in policy dialogue and acts as a knowledge base on development issues in Pakistan.

ADB continue to focus on improving the overall country portfolio performance throughquarterly and annual country portfolio reviews jointly conducted with the government. Theapproach has helped identify systemic and specific issues affecting project performance,

restructure and improved performance of projects, and prevent automatic extensions of theirloan closing date. ADB encourages frequent field visits to identify and resolve problems at anearly stage.

D. IUCN, INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE- PAKISTAN(www.iucn.org/pakistan)

IUCN is the worlds oldest and largest membership network. It helps the world find pragmaticsolutions to our most pressing environment and developmental challenges. Its global mission

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is to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrityand diversity of nature, while ensuring that the use of natural resources is equitable andecologically sustainable. Towards that end, it supports scientific research, manages fieldprojects all over the world and brings governments, non-government organizations, UnitedNations agencies, companies and local communities together to develop and implement

policy, laws and bets practices.

IUCN Pakistan office was established in 1985 to assist in preparation of NationalConservation Strategy. Since then it has grown to become the largest Country Programmeand is managing conservation initiatives across Pakistan, together with its members andpartners.

For information on IUCNs climate change programme and initiatives, refer to section 2.2.

E. INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR INTEGTRATED MOUNTAIN DEVELOPMENT(ICIMOD) (www.icimod.org)

ICIMOD is a regional knowledge development and learning centre serving eight regionalmember countries of Hindukush-Himalayas: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,Myanmar, Nepal andPakistan. It is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. Its vision is that the mountainpopulation of the greater Himalayas enjoys improved wellbeing in a sustainable globalenvironment. Its mission is to enable and facilitate the equitable and sustainable wellbeing ofthe people of the Hindukush-Himalayas by supporting sustainable mountain developmentthrough active regional cooperation. The entity realizes that globalisation and climate changehave an increasing influence on the stability of fragile mountain ecosystems and thelivelihoods of mountain people.

Hence, ICIMOD aims to assist mountain people to understand these changes, adapt to them,and make the most of new opportunities, while also addressing upstream-downstream issues.

It supports regional transboundary programmes through partnership with regional partnerinstitutions, facilitates the exchange of experience and serves as a regional knowledge hub.Furthermore, it strengthens networking among regional and global centers of excellence. Ingeneral, it is working towards developing an economically and environmentally soundmountain ecosystem to improve the living standards of mountain populations and sustain vitalecosystem services for the billions of people living downstream, now and for the future.

The research work conducted by CICMOD also includes the changing behavior of Himalayanand Karakoram glaciers in the region and their impact on water resources and livelihoods inthe region

F. WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF), PAKISTAN

(www.wwfpak.org)

Established in 1960, WWF has been working towards the conservation of natural resources ofthe world. WWF International provides a collective voice for matters affecting the naturalenvironment. WWF has identified six global priority areas of conservation work. They are:forests, freshwater, marine, species, climate change and toxics. Projects have beenundertaken based on these programmes to address gaps and bring about incrementalimprovement.

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WWF aims to stop the degradation of the planets natural environment and to build a future inwhich humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the worlds biological diversity,ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable and promoting thereduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. To achieve its mission, WWF strives toeducate, assist, and inspire millions of people from all walks of life to protect and sustain land,

water, wildlife and natural resources around us. WWF is helping people make soundenvironmental decisions and promote sustainable development.

Established in 1970, WWF Pakistan strives to carry out the global conservation initiativeswithin the context of national priorities. Its aim is to protect and improve the countrysenvironment, and integrate the environmental principles with other policies across thegovernmental and private sectors. WWF Pakistan has seen an exceptional growth in the lasttwo years. It head office is in Lahore and 296 regular employees work within six regionaloffices, 2 programme offices and 17 project site offices in Pakistan.

G. OXFAM- GB(www.oxfam.org.uk)

Oxfam is a confederation of 14 like-minded organizations working together and with partnersand allies around the world to bring about lasting change. It works directly with communitiesand seeks to influence the powerful to ensure that poor people can improve their lives andlivelihoods and have a say in decisions that affect them. It strives to find out how we work withothers to end poverty and injustice, from campaigning to responding to emergencies. InPakistan, Oxfam's focus is on education, health, tackling violence against women, andemergency relief. Oxfam also deals with the results of climate change and works to preparepoor communities and campaign for action.

H. ASIANICS AGRO DEVELOPMENT- INTERNTIONAL

Founded in 1990, ASIANICS is a consultancy firm specializing in agricultural policy analysis,sustainable agricultural development, agricultural research management, agriculturaldevelopment including crops, horticulture, floriculture, climate change, water, energy, projectidentification, formulation, implementation and evaluation, livestock and fisheriesdevelopment, forestry and agro-forestry development, integrated rural development, resourcemanagement including land water and input supply, agricultural education, agricultural credit,agricultural marketing, computer application in scientific research development, systemsmanagement and environmental analysis.

ASIANICS has developed extensive credentials in provision of technical assistance inPakistan and abroad. It has a technical and management staff which possesses ampleexperience; all come from rural background and are fully conversant with the realities of rural

socio-economic constraints in Pakistan and in other developing countries. They are skilled inmany aspects of development consultancy gained through higher education and workexperience in Pakistan and abroad.

ASIANICS keeps certain objectives at the forefront:- Provide high quality value-added service in economic development, agricultural

research, agriculture extension, agriculture education, monitoring and evaluation,economics and social sciences research, technical agriculture, technology transfer and

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private sector agribusiness expansion with special focus on Asia, Middle East andAfrica

- Give logistical support to international firms / consultants and donor agencies in needof assistance in Pakistan. Neighbouring countries such as Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq,Nepal and Sri Lanka are of foremost interest to the company

- Develop collaboration and partnership with international and national firms, researchinstitutions, donor agencies, and national development financing institutions toformulate and implement agricultural, industrial and energy sector projects that areeconomically viable and environmentally sustainable

- Assist in the development of Management Information System and agriculturalcommunication capability, including the development of computer software anddatabases, editing, composing, designing and production of different kinds of print andaudio-visual materials

- Develop feasibility studies in agribusiness for different clients interested in Pakistan asan investment prospect. This includes maintaining state-of-the-art database on keyindustry profiles

- Conduct surveys and background studies on socio-economic conditions in agriculture,

small medium, large enterprises, and industrial and rural development sectors forpolicy and project formulation and to evaluate clients -public, private and non-governmental organizations for their suitability to implement projects

I. WINROCK INTERNATIONAL(www.winrock.int)

WINROCK International is a nonprofit organization that works with people in the United Statesand around the world to empower the disadvantaged, increase economic opportunity andsustain natural resources. It works on innovative approaches in agriculture, natural resourcesmanagement, clean energy and leadership development, with the unique needs of itspartners. By linking local individuals and communities with new ideas and technology,

WINROCK is increasing long term productivity, equity and responsible resource managementto benefit the poor and disadvantaged of the world.

J. LEAD PAKISTAN(www.lead.org.pk)

LEADs mission is to create, strengthen and support networks of people and institutionspromoting change towards sustainable development development that is economicallysound, environmentally responsible and socially equitable. In partnership with national andinternational development agencies, LEAD Pakistan is striving to meet the challenge ofachieving sustainable development in the diverse arenas of education, health, environment,corporate social responsibility and governance, throughout Pakistan both in the rural and

urban localities. Established in 1995, LEAD Pakistan is one of the 14 country / regionalprograms of LEAD International. The country programme brings the leadership developmentprogram to Pakistan. The nonprofit and nonpartisan organization is currently engaged intraining its Fourteenth Cohort of Associates (trainees), amidst a range of other activities.

Lead Pakistan has been working on the promotion of environmentally sensitive developmentsince 1997 and has recently initiated a process of capacity building and program planning inclimate change in Pakistan. It is in the process of designing a multi-year program to helpPakistan tackle the looming challenge of climate change.

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principles of gender integration, recipient responsibility, participation of the marginalisedsections of society, and establishing cross-sectoral linkages as far as possible.

iv. Dutch Government

During the back-to-back Friends of Democratic Pakistan-meeting and the donor-conference inTokyo, April 17th 2009, the Netherlands announced its intention to assist Pakistan with anamount of over 86 million euro for the period up to 2011. The Netherlands will focus itsdevelopment cooperation in three sectors: education, environment/water management, andgood governance/human rights.

The objective of the environment/water management programme is to promote sustainabledevelopment in Pakistan. The interventions are based on the priorities defined in the NationalEnvironmental Policy of the Government of Pakistan and are focused on the following threeareas: Cleaner Production in Industry, Capacity Building for Environmental Management andIntegrated Water Resources Management. The environment/water management programmeaims to support Pakistan in achieving poverty reduction in conjunction with sustainability.

For the next 3 years the Embassy intends to contribute an amount of up to 30 million euro for

environment and water management. The programme will be transformed into a more focusedprogramme with governance, gender, renewable energy, water management, climate changeand support for trade as its key components.

iv. Department for International Development- UK

The Department for International Development DFID funds many organisations across theglobe who are working to end poverty through open competition. DFID also supports a varietyof sources about disasters and the broader issues surrounding global poverty. Previously, DFIDhas funded climate change related initiatives including Technical Advisory Panel on ClimateChange (TAP) and Road to Copenhagen project of IUCN.

The UK has committed 50 million over 5 years to establish a new facility the Climate and

Development Knowledge Network, or Climate Network. The Climate Network will givedeveloping countries access to the latest research and science on climate change as well astechnical assistance. It will help policy-makers and practitioners plan and implement strategiesthat meet the climate challenges of their country.

The Climate Network will be client facing with its services tailored to meet requests forinformation and advice, primarily from developing country governments and southern researchand civil society organisations, but also and international partners like UN agencies. TheClimate Network will be managed by a consortium of organisations with experience working onclimate change, drawn from the private sector, civil society and research communities. Weexpect the Network to launch by end March 2010, with launch events planned across the worldduring the spring.

The Network will provide developing countries (governments, academic institutions andNGOs) with the latest and best climate information to enable them to plan and prepare for theshort, medium and long-term impacts of climate change at regional, national and local scales.It will provide advice on how best to prioritise responses based on a risk assessment and scaleof impact.

Key services of the Climate Network will include:

knowledge services to translate and share the latest, high-quality research fromaround the world with developing nations;

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demand-led, policy-relevant research allowing developing countries to commissionspecific research tailored to their needs;

technical assistance and advisory services, and;

partnership support, to strengthen developing country climate-development researchinstitutions.

v. World Bank

The World Bank plays a key role in carbon market development. The Banks work in carbonfinance has been instrumental to increasing global benefits from environmental projectssupported by the World Bank Group. The World Bank uses money contributed by governmentsand companies in countries to purchase project-based greenhouse gas emission reductions indeveloping countries and countries with economies in transition. The emission reductions arepurchased through one of the Banks carbon funds on behalf of the contributor, and within theframework of the Kyoto Protocol's including; Clean Development.

The World Bank has invested in three (03) CDM projects in Pakistan and is looking for furtherattractive potential opportunities for funding the CDM projects in Pakistan.

vi. Asian Development Bank

A new Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Pakistan, approved by ADB's Board of Directorsin March 2009, aims to support Pakistan's strategic objectives of prosperity and povertyreduction. The focal areas delineated in the CPS 20092013 focuses on reforms andinvestment in energy and infrastructure. The CPS provides the framework for ADB'spartnership priorities and the future direction of its assistance strategy in Pakistan. The CPSprioritizes the four key focal areas for ADB's development support to Pakistan, that besidesother include; Reforms and investments in key energy and infrastructure sectors, includingsupport for power and energy, transport and the National Trade Corridor, and water resources.Planned assistance in these sectors will reduce the cost of doing business and strengthen theunderlying competitiveness of the economy.

M. CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED FORUMS IN PAKISTAN

i. Technical Advisory Panel on Climate Change (TAP- CC)

Realizing that Ministry of Environment, Government of Pakistan cannot be expected to have theexpertise in all the relevant areas in its mandate (due to various operational constraints,including financial implications), TAP-CC serves to bridge the gap and brings together allrelevant actors at one platform, to create synergy from their individual efforts and provide themuch needed technical support to Government of Pakistan in addressing climate change. Indoing so, the Panel has adopted an approach which is well accepted globally. In its first year ofexistence, the Panel has brought together relevant expertise on areas (adaptation andmitigation) and sectors most susceptible to climate change i.e. agriculture and water. It has

started to work towards application of the technical knowledge being generated by variousinstitutions, to enhance the economic and social resilience of Pakistans population to theadverse impacts of climate change. This setup has worked quite effectively in differentsituations during the reporting period.

The Technical Advisory Panel on Climate Change (TAP-CC) was established in December2007, to provide support to the Government of Pakistan (GoP) in addressing climate changeconcerns in the country. The secretariat of TAP-CC is being hosted by IUCN Pakistan,Islamabad Office. The Panels current members are:

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i. Ministry of Environment, Government of Pakistan- Chairii. Global Change Impacts Studies Centre (GCISC),iii. Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC),iv. Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD),v. and eminent national experts on climate change.

The initial financial assistance for the project was provided by the Royal Norwegian Embassy(RNE) and the United Kingdoms Department for International Development (DFID).

ii. Planning Commissions Task Force on Climate Change

A Task Force on Climate Change (TFCC) was set up by the Planning Commission of Pakistanin October 2008 with the view to take stock of countrys situation in relation to climate change;to contribute to the formulation of a climate change policy that would assist the government inachieving sustained economic growth by appropriately addressing climate change threats so asto ensure water security, food security and energy security of the country; and to recommendpolicy measures for promoting large scale Adaptation and Mitigation efforts, raising awarenessof various stakeholders; and enhancing the capacities of relevant national institutions.

Drawing upon the best available expertise in the country, the Task Force set up 9 WorkingGroups (WGs) comprising some 40 experts. Each WG headed by a TFCC member wasassigned to look into some particular aspects relevant to the TFCC mandate. Based on theinputs of the above WGs and the deliberations of the Task Force in its various meetings, theTFCC Secretariat has prepared a 76-page report which takes stock of Pakistans status as aGHG emitter, brings out its key vulnerabilities to climate change, recommends appropriateadaptation and mitigation policy measures, and highlights various ongoing and plannedactivities that implicitly address the issues of climate change. The report identifies mainobjectives for Pakistans climate change policy, reviews the countrys existing organizationalstructure for addressing issues of climate change, and recommends measures to improve itsability to face the challenge. It takes cognizance of the existing capacity of various national andinternational organizations in the country and identifies Pakistans needs for international

cooperation in terms of capacity building, technology transfer and financial support for majorAdaptation and Mitigation activities.

The Terms of Reference for the Task Force were;

1. To contribute to the formulation of a climate change policy that would assist theGovernment in pursuing the paramount goal of sustained economic growth byappropriately addressing the challenges posed by the threat of climate change.

2. To identify and recommend appropriate policy measures for ensuring water security ofthe country through planning and coordinating in-depth studies of the impacts ofclimate change and the melting of Himalayan glaciers on the Indus River inflows.

3. To formulate appropriate policy guidelines to ensure food security and energy securityof the country in the wake of overall warming, the changing temporal and seasonalwater picture in Indus River System, and the rise of sea level caused by globalwarming.

4. To recommend policy measures for promoting large scale Adaptation and Mitigationefforts, including various CDM activities, in various sectors to counter the overallchallenge of climate change.

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5. To assess the existing institutional capacities in various organizations and recommendmeasures for their strengthening, as deemed appropriate.

6. To recommend measures for enhancing understanding and awareness of climatechange issues among all relevant stakeholders, including the general public.

7. To recommend the establishment of an appropriate over-arching review-and-policymaking body responsible for advising the Government of Pakistan for addressingthe threat of climate change in all its manifestations on a continuing basis, to carryforward the work done by the Task Force.

After formal launch of the Final report, the Task Force was abandoned in February 2010.

iii. National Network on Climate Change

The National Network on Climate Change has been established by LEAD Pakistan with a

purpose is to provide a forum for discussions and information exchange on cutting-edgescientific, economic, planning and research related to Climate Change. The Network aims toraise the level of attention and interaction on climate change issues by involvement of different

tiers of stakeholders including the government, civil society organizations, the media, decisionmakers, field practitioners, researchers, scientists and advocacy communities.

The objectives and scope of National Network on Climate Change include:- Promote knowledge sharing among scientists, decision-makers and stakeholders;- Exchange\ share lessons learned;- Assess and report on on-going mitigation and adaptation research and practice in the

country;- Facilitate research collaborations within and across the country on climate change

related issues;- Develop a shared research agenda on climate change issues with stakeholders;

LEAD Pakistan has reached out to 20 leading institutes and high-profile organizations at the

national level to become a part of this network. The National Network on Climate Change(NNCC) is composed of representatives from the Government, NGOs, Academic/ Researchinstitutions, Associations\Networks representing the civil society, donor agencies, industry andmedia interested in climate related matters.

The membership of network is restricted and may vary depending on requirements. Themembers include:

i. Global Climate Impact Study Center (GCISC), Islamabadii. HEJ Institute of Chemistry, Karachiiii. Ministry of Environment & Planning Commissioniv. National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabadv. Islamic University, Islamabad

vi. National Institute of Oceanographyvii. Intercooperation, Peshawarviii. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Karachiix. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Lahorex. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Islamabadxi. Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), Karachixii. COMSTECH, Islamabadxiii. International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI), Lahorexiv. Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)xv. Pakistan Institute of Environment-Development Action Research (PIEDAR), Islamabad

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http://www.gcisc.org.pk/http://www.iccs.edu/http://www.iccs.edu/http://www.environment.gov.pk/http://www.parc.gov.pk/narc.htmlhttp://www.iiu.edu.pk/http://www.niopk.gov.pk/http://www.intercooperation.org.pk/http://www.iucn.pk/http://www.iucn.pk/http://www.wwfpak.org/http://www.icimod.org/http://www.suparco.gov.pk/http://www.suparco.gov.pk/http://www.comstech.org.pk/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/http://www.piedar.org/http://www.gcisc.org.pk/http://www.iccs.edu/http://www.environment.gov.pk/http://www.parc.gov.pk/narc.htmlhttp://www.iiu.edu.pk/http://www.niopk.gov.pk/http://www.intercooperation.org.pk/http://www.iucn.pk/http://www.wwfpak.org/http://www.icimod.org/http://www.suparco.gov.pk/http://www.comstech.org.pk/http://www.wapda.gov.pk/http://www.piedar.org/


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xvi. GC University, Lahore

iii. Pakistan Youth Climate Change Network (PYCN)Pakistan Youth Climate Network (PYCN) is an environmental advocacy group that seeks toinspire, motivate and engage the youth to take action against climate change to ensure asustainable future. Climate change is no longer a distant myth but an inevitable fact that theworld today must reconcile with. Inaction in the face of climate change is no longer a luxury wecan afford. The youth must come forward and play a pivotal role in the fight against climatechange for it is the world that they will inherit that is most in peril. Currently, SustainableDevelopment Policy Institute is acting as the secretariat of the PYCN.

N. GRASS- ROOT ORGANIZATIONS

i. The Aga Khan FoundationThe Aga Khan Foundation is committed to reducing rural poverty, particularly in resource-poor,degraded or remote environments. It concentrates on a small number of programmes ofsignificant scale. The model of participatory rural development it has pioneered combines a setof common development principles with the flexibility to respond to specific contexts and needs.

The Aga Khan Foundation promotes community health agenda by developing approaches thatenable poorer communities, both rural and urban, to acquire the knowledge and skills neededto protect and promote good health. Aga Khan Foundation believes that effective communityhealth programmes promote and build on existing community structures, belief patterns, localresources and local participation to achieve defined health gains. The goal of the communityhealth programme, therefore, is to improve the health status of children under five and womenof reproductive age (15 to 45), who continue to bear the largest burden of morbidity andmortality in developing countries, and to reduce the prevalence and severity of emerging, re-emerging, persistent and non-communicable diseases.

ii. Focus Humanitarian AssistanceFocus Humanitarian Assistance is an international group of agencies established in Europe,North America and South Asia to complement the provision of emergency relief, principally inthe developing world. It helps people in need reduce their dependence on humanitarian aid.

Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparedness is the channel through which FOCUS works todecrease a communitys vulnerability to natural disasters such as landslides, floods, mudslides,epidemics, and earthquakes, catastrophic rain or snow, and prepares them to respond rapidlyand effectively to natural disasters. In this way, the initiative also seeks to ensure thatcommunities are empowered in the learning process. There are a variety of activities in eachcategory, including: building community awareness, the provision of communicationsequipment (two-way radios), and mitigation projects, such as flood retaining walls.

iii. Indus Earth TrustIndus Earth Works to facilitate a movement to raise the living

Documents

Climate Change Stakeholders in Pakistan