Climate Change, Energy and Climate Change, Energy and Transport – A Malaysian PerspectiveTransport – A Malaysian Perspective

ByAzman Zainal Abidin

Pusat Tenaga Malaysia

48.2% 45.3%

8.7%4.0%

31.8%

5.5%

42.2%

5.2%

3.4%5.8%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

1994 2000

Crude Oil Petroleum Products Natural Gas Coal & Coke Hydropow er

Malaysia Energy SupplyMalaysia Energy Supply

Total: 50.71 Mtoe

Total: 28.25 Mtoe Energy Supply has

increased by ~ 80 % in 2000.

Shifting from oil to natural gas consumption as a result of the Four Fuel Diversification Policy

37.8% 40.2%

37.7% 39.8%

13.0%

9.4%12.7%

6.9%

0.3%2.2%

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

120.0%

1994 2000

Industrial Transport Residential & Commercial Non-energy Use Agriculture

Malaysia Energy DemandMalaysia Energy Demand

Total: 29.70 Mtoe

Total: 19.29 Mtoe

Energy demand has increased by ~ 54 % in 2000.

The remarkable economic growth has somewhat increased the energy demand in 2000

80 % dominated by the industrial and transport sectors

Trend of Electricity Generation

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

220,000

240,000

1990 1991 19921993 1994 1995 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004

RM Million(at 1987 prices)

15,000

25,000

35,000

45,000

55,000

65,000

75,000

GWh

GDP (RM Million)

Electricity Consumption (GWh)

GHG InventoryGHG Inventory (Initial Results – Energy Sector) (Initial Results – Energy Sector)

Relative GHG Emissions Relative GHG Emissions

1994 2000 Increase

GDP at 1987 prices million RM 153,881 209,365 36%

Population '000 20,112 23,275 16%

Apparent energy consumption ktoe 31,858 54,135 70%

CO2 emission per capita ton/capita 4.195 5.503 31%

CO2 emission (Reference approach) Gg CO2 84,415 128,058 52%

CH4emission (Fugitive emission) GgGg CO2 eq..

635.1313,335

1,19825,158

89%

N2O emission (burning of biomass

fuel)

Gg Gg CO2 e. eq..

0.35*108.5

0.0257.75

(92.9)%

Energy SectorEnergy Sector

Note: *Worksheet variation appear in INC as it uses different worksheet

Sectoral emissions – Energy Sector (2000)Sectoral emissions – Energy Sector (2000)

Sources

(Gg)

CO2

EmissionsCH4 N2O HFC SF6 CO2 eq.

emissions

Total Emissions (Energy & Industry) 145,925.00 1,201.49 0.685 0.19 0.02 172,093.64

Energy (Sectoral Approach) 151,208

1. Fuel Combustion 126,058 126,058

Power Industries 37,126 37,126 (29.5%)

Industry (Manufacturing and Construction) 24,150 24,150 (19.2%)

Transportation 41,025 41,025 (32.5%)

Residential 1,820 1,820 (1.4%)

Commercial 2,127 2,127 (1.7%)

Agriculture/Fisheries/Forestry 917 917 (0.7%)

Others (Transformation) 18,893 18,893 (15%)

2. Fugitive Emissions from Fuel 1,197.28 25,142.3

Coal Mining and Handling 0.28 5.3

Oil and Gas System 1,197 25,137.0

3. Emission from Biomass Fuels 0.025 7.75

Sectoral Emissions (Energy)Sectoral Emissions (Energy)

Power Industries

29%

Transportation

33%

Commercial

2%

Agriculture/Fishe

ries/Forestry

1%

Residential

1%

Others

(Transformation)

15%

Industry

(Manufacturing

and Construction

19%

Total: 126,058 Gg CO2

Any effort to reduce GHG emissions?Any effort to reduce GHG emissions?

A project based mechanism Project must be in non-Annex 1 country Dual objective:

Assist Annex 1 countries in meeting their targets

Assist non-Annex 1 countries in achieving sustainable development

Project must provide emission reductions “that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity”

Clean Development Mechanism

Article 12(2), Kyoto Protocol

The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.

CDM Status in Malaysia

24 Projects are given Host Country Approval As of April 2007, 14 Projects are registered with

CDM EB

Application year (as of April '07) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Number of Projects 3 2 9 25 21 12

Potential Tonnes of CO2-eq/year 93,915 62,190 866,758 2.5million 2.6million 1.2 million

Status ProjectsApril '07 PIN PDD

Number of Projects 42 30

CDM Project Type (as of April ’07)

Project Type Estimated ER/yr

Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) 2,663,692

Biogas_Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) 918,268

Wood Waste 67,000

Biodiesel 1,600,000

Landfill 274,235

Municipal Waste 486,105

Mini-hydro 20,727

Animal Waste 127,500

Fuel Switching 61,946

Composting 1,677,432

TOTAL 7,896,905

Note: Based on existing PDDs and PINs

Title Date of Issuance

CERs Issued

Verified Period

Host Parties

Other Parties

0249: Biomass Energy Plant-Lumut. 05 Oct 2006 20,700 01 Feb 2005 - 30 Apr 2006

Malaysia

 

Denmark

0247: Replacement of Fossil Fuel by Palm Kernel Shell Biomass in the production of Portland Cement

22 Dec 2006 366,260 01 May 2000 - 31 Dec 2005

Malaysia

 

France

CERs Issued (as of April ’07)

Our energy consumption has increased over the years

We have been using our energy inefficiently, due mainly to energy prices being heavily subsidized

Our GHG emissions have been increasing over the years, with Industrial and Transport sectors being the biggest emitters

Some effort has been made to reduce GHG emissions through CDM, even though the objective may not be noble

SUMMARY

Reducing GHG emissions will have other direct benefits that include:

Energy conservation Improved air quality

REMARK

Thank YouPusat Tenaga Malaysia

No. 2 Jalan 9/1

Persiaran Usahawan

43650 Bandar Baru Bangi

Selangor Darul Ehsan

Website: www.ptm.org.my

E-mail: info@ptm.org.my