Uthman (r)Uthman (r)Up to Abu Bakr’s KhilaafahUp to Abu Bakr’s Khilaafah

A.S. Hashim, MDA.S. Hashim, MDFrom Wikipedia.comFrom Wikipedia.com

Sources of ReferenceSources of Reference

ibn Hisham,Uthman bin Affan, the Third Khalifa of Islam by, Abdul Basit. Hilya al-Awliya, Abu Nu’aym, Uthman ibn Affan: The Man With Two Lights (Part Two) The Murder of the Khalifa Uthman, M. Hinds, The Arabs in History, Oxford University Press, 2002 Encyclopædia Britannica The Early Islamic Conquests, Fred Donner, Princeton 1981 A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims The Cambridge History of Islam, Bernard Lewis, The Succession to MuhammadMakers of Arab History By Philip Khuri Hitti.

In this Slide ShowIn this Slide Show

LineageLineageUthman: nickname Dhul-Nurayn Uthman: nickname Dhul-Nurayn النورين النورين ذو ذوConversion to IslamConversion to IslamMigration to AbyssiniaMigration to AbyssiniaLife in MedinaLife in MedinaTreaty of Hudaibiyah Treaty of Hudaibiyah After the Conquest of Mecca Uthman's family convertsAfter the Conquest of Mecca Uthman's family convertsTabukTabukGhadeer KhumGhadeer KhumMarriagesMarriagesDuring the Last Days of the ProphetDuring the Last Days of the Prophet

Uthman ibn Affan: Uthman ibn Affan: بن بن عثمان عثمان عفانعفان

Uthman ibn Affan Uthman ibn Affan عفان بن عفان عثمان بن :was:was عثمانOne of the Sahaaba (companions of Prophet One of the Sahaaba (companions of Prophet Muhammad). Muhammad). An early convert to Islam, An early convert to Islam, he played a major role in early Islamic history, he played a major role in early Islamic history, most notably as the third Khalifa of the Rashidoon most notably as the third Khalifa of the Rashidoon Empire, Empire, Prophet's son-in-law and Prophet's son-in-law and the compilation of the Quran.the compilation of the Quran.

LineageLineage

Uthman was born in Ta’if, which is situated on a high elevation,Uthman was born in Ta’if, which is situated on a high elevation,Presumably during the summer months, Presumably during the summer months, since wealthy Meccans usually spent hot summer days in the cooler climate of since wealthy Meccans usually spent hot summer days in the cooler climate of Ta’if. Ta’if.

Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayya clan (Benu Umayya) of the Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayya clan (Benu Umayya) of the Quraish tribe of Mecca, Quraish tribe of Mecca,

He was seven years younger than Muhammad, He was seven years younger than Muhammad, and 5 years younger than Abu Bakr, and 5 years younger than Abu Bakr, but eight years older than Omar. but eight years older than Omar.

Uthman's father, Affan, died young while traveling abroad but left a large Uthman's father, Affan, died young while traveling abroad but left a large inheritance to Uthman. inheritance to Uthman. Uthman followed the same profession as his father, and his business Uthman followed the same profession as his father, and his business flourished, making him one of the wealthiest among the Quraish tribe.flourished, making him one of the wealthiest among the Quraish tribe.Uthman’s mother, Arwa Bint Kuraiz Uthman’s mother, Arwa Bint Kuraiz كريز بنت كريز أروى بنت was the daughter of the was the daughter of the أروىaunt of Prophet Muhammadaunt of Prophet Muhammad

LineageLineage

FatherAffan

MotherArwa bint Kuraiz

Uthman

TribeBenu Ummaya

TribeAbd Munaaf

Uthman: nickname Dhul-Nurayn Uthman: nickname Dhul-Nurayn ذو ذوالنورينالنورين

Later Uthman was nicknamed Dhul-Nurayn Later Uthman was nicknamed Dhul-Nurayn النورين النورين ذو ذو

Dhul-Nurayn means: a Man with two lights, Dhul-Nurayn means: a Man with two lights,

because of his marriage with two of the Prophet because of his marriage with two of the Prophet Muhammad's daughters.Muhammad's daughters.

1.1. Ruqayya Bint Muhammad, Who bore him a son, Ruqayya Bint Muhammad, Who bore him a son, Abdullah, but he died early,Abdullah, but he died early,

2.2. When Ruqayya died, Uthman got married to her When Ruqayya died, Uthman got married to her sister, Umm Kulthoom Bint Muhammad, who bore sister, Umm Kulthoom Bint Muhammad, who bore no children. no children.

Uthman up to his KhilaafahUthman up to his Khilaafah

1. LineageLineage

2. Conversion to Islam

3. Migration to Abyssinia

4. Treaty of Hudaibiya

5. Tabuk

6. During Last Days of the Prophet

DescriptionDescription

Uthman was:Uthman was:handsome, handsome, generous, generous, and plain rather than luxurious. and plain rather than luxurious.

Uthman was said to be charming.Uthman was said to be charming.Uthman was well known for his reported generosity. Uthman was well known for his reported generosity.

During Muhammad's time, while in Medina, he financed the During Muhammad's time, while in Medina, he financed the project for the construction of the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi project for the construction of the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi and purchased the well and purchased the well Beer RaumaBeer Rauma, which he dedicated to the , which he dedicated to the free use of all Muslims. free use of all Muslims. Uthman’s generosity continued after he became Khalifa.Uthman’s generosity continued after he became Khalifa.

Conversion to IslamConversion to Islam

Uthman was an early convert to Islam and is said to have Uthman was an early convert to Islam and is said to have spent a great amount of his wealth on charity. spent a great amount of his wealth on charity. On returning from a business trip to Syria in 611, the 33 On returning from a business trip to Syria in 611, the 33 yr old Uthman found out that Muhammad had declared yr old Uthman found out that Muhammad had declared his mission. his mission. Uthman, after a discussion with his friend Abu Bakr, Uthman, after a discussion with his friend Abu Bakr, decided to convert to Islam, decided to convert to Islam, and Abu Bakr took him to Muhammad to whom he and Abu Bakr took him to Muhammad to whom he declared his faith. declared his faith. It is claimed that Uthman was the fourth male to convert It is claimed that Uthman was the fourth male to convert to Islam, after Ali, Zaid and Abu Bakr had embraced to Islam, after Ali, Zaid and Abu Bakr had embraced Islam. Islam.

Conversion to IslamConversion to Islam

: عثمان يا ويحك له قال اإلسالم عليه بكر أبو عرض : ولما عثمان يا ويحك له قال اإلسالم عليه بكر أبو عرض ولماهذه الباطل، من الحق عليك يخفى ما حازم لرجل إنك 4ه هذه والل الباطل، من الحق عليك يخفى ما حازم لرجل إنك 4ه واللوال تسمع، ال صماء حجارة أليست قومك، يعبدها التي وال األوثان تسمع، ال صماء حجارة أليست قومك، يعبدها التي األوثان

: أبوااااا ااا اااا ااا قال كذلك، إنها 4ه والل بلى، فقال : تبصر،والتضر،والتنفع؟ أبوااااا ااا اااا ااا قال كذلك، إنها 4ه والل بلى، فقال تبصر،والتضر،والتنفع؟جميع: إلى برسالته الل4ه بعثه قد الل4ه عبد بن محمد هذا جميع: بكر إلى برسالته الل4ه بعثه قد الل4ه عبد بن محمد هذا بكر. : نعمااااا ااا اا اا ااااا ااااا فقال .خلقه،فهللكأنتأتيهوتسمعمنه؟ : نعمااااا ااا اا اا ااااا ااااا فقال خلقه،فهللكأنتأتيهوتسمعمنه؟

: فقال ـ وسلم عليه الل4ه صلى ـ الل4ه رسول مر4 الحال :وفي فقال ـ وسلم عليه الل4ه صلى ـ الل4ه رسول مر4 الحال يا( يا( وفيجميع وإلى إليك 4ه الل رسول فإني جنته إلى 4ه الل أجب جميع عثمان وإلى إليك 4ه الل رسول فإني جنته إلى 4ه الل أجب عثمان

أسلمت، : ..خلقه)خلقه) أن قوله سمعت حين ملكت ما فوالل4ه أسلمت، : قال أن قوله سمعت حين ملكت ما فوالل4ه قالمحمد وأن له، شريك ال وحده الل4ه إال إله ال أن محمد وشهدت وأن له، شريك ال وحده الل4ه إال إله ال أن Q وشهدت Q ا عبده عبده ا

ورسوله، ورسوله،

Conversion to IslamConversion to Islam

Uthman’s conversion to Islam enraged his clan, the Benu Umayya, Uthman’s conversion to Islam enraged his clan, the Benu Umayya, Benu Umayya, (a powerful, materialistic, and greedy), opposed Benu Umayya, (a powerful, materialistic, and greedy), opposed Muhammad's Message to their maximum.Muhammad's Message to their maximum.Benu Umayya felt the Message of Islam was a great threat to them.Benu Umayya felt the Message of Islam was a great threat to them.The only relatives of Uthman who supported his decision were The only relatives of Uthman who supported his decision were

Saadi, Uthman’s maternal aunt,Saadi, Uthman’s maternal aunt,and Umm Kulthoom, Uthman’s stepsister who had also converted to and Umm Kulthoom, Uthman’s stepsister who had also converted to Islam. Islam.

Because of his conversion to Islam, Uthman's wives deserted him, Because of his conversion to Islam, Uthman's wives deserted him, and he subsequently divorced them. and he subsequently divorced them. Muhammad then asked Uthman to marry his daughter Ruqayya Bint Muhammad then asked Uthman to marry his daughter Ruqayya Bint Muhammad.Muhammad.

Migration to AbyssiniaMigration to Abyssinia

Uthman and his wife Ruqayya migrated to Abyssinia Uthman and his wife Ruqayya migrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 614-615, (Ethiopia) in 614-615,

along with 11 men and 11 women, along with 11 men and 11 women, all Muslims. all Muslims.

As Uthman already had some business contacts in As Uthman already had some business contacts in Abyssinia, he continued to practice his profession as a Abyssinia, he continued to practice his profession as a trader. trader. He worked hard, and his business soon flourished. He worked hard, and his business soon flourished. After two years, the news had spread among the Muslims After two years, the news had spread among the Muslims in Abyssinia that the Quraish of Mecca had accepted in Abyssinia that the Quraish of Mecca had accepted Islam,Islam,

and that convinced Uthman, Ruqayya, and some other Muslims to and that convinced Uthman, Ruqayya, and some other Muslims to return to Mecca. return to Mecca.

Migration to Abyssinia, Migration to Abyssinia, ContinuedContinued

When they reached Mecca however, it transpired that the When they reached Mecca however, it transpired that the news about the Quraish's acceptance of Islam was false. news about the Quraish's acceptance of Islam was false.

Some of the Muslims who had come from Abyssinia returned to Some of the Muslims who had come from Abyssinia returned to Abyssinia, but Uthman and Ruqayya decided to stay. Abyssinia, but Uthman and Ruqayya decided to stay.

A second group of more than 80 Muslims migrated to A second group of more than 80 Muslims migrated to Abyssinia shortly after.Abyssinia shortly after.

They stayed for several years, returning when Khaybar was They stayed for several years, returning when Khaybar was conquered by Aliconquered by Ali

In Mecca, Uthman had to start his business afresh, In Mecca, Uthman had to start his business afresh, but the contacts that he had already established in Abyssinia but the contacts that he had already established in Abyssinia worked in his favor, worked in his favor, and his business prospered once again.and his business prospered once again.

Life in Medina: BadrLife in Medina: Badr

In 624, some Muslims from Medina departed to assist in In 624, some Muslims from Medina departed to assist in the capture of a Quraish caravan. This culminated in the the capture of a Quraish caravan. This culminated in the battle of Badr.battle of Badr.At this time, Uthman's wife Ruqayya suffered from At this time, Uthman's wife Ruqayya suffered from serious sickness. serious sickness. Uthman stayed in Medina to look after the ailing Uthman stayed in Medina to look after the ailing Ruqayya, and did not join those who left with Ruqayya, and did not join those who left with Muhammad. Muhammad. Ruqayya died while the Battle of Badr was being fought,Ruqayya died while the Battle of Badr was being fought,and when the news of the victory of Badr reached Medina and when the news of the victory of Badr reached Medina Ruqayya was being buried. Ruqayya was being buried. Because of the battle Muhammad could not attend the Because of the battle Muhammad could not attend the funeral of his daughter. funeral of his daughter.

Life in Medina: OhodLife in Medina: Ohod

Uthman and most of the Sahaaba fled in the Battle of Ohod Uthman and most of the Sahaaba fled in the Battle of Ohod which was fought in 625. which was fought in 625. They returned back after Ali had repulsed the attacks on MuhammadThey returned back after Ali had repulsed the attacks on Muhammadas stated in the Quran all those who fled were forgiven by God.as stated in the Quran all those who fled were forgiven by God.

Following the Battle of Ohod Following the Battle of Ohod Al-Hasan, son of Ali, was bornAl-Hasan, son of Ali, was bornand Uthman married Muhammad's second daughter, Umm Kulthoom Bint and Uthman married Muhammad's second daughter, Umm Kulthoom Bint Muhammad. Muhammad.

The next year, Uthman’s son, Abdullah ibn Uthman died.The next year, Uthman’s son, Abdullah ibn Uthman died.Uthman did not participate in the Trench EncounterUthman did not participate in the Trench Encounter

Which was fought in 627, Which was fought in 627, Uthman was put in charge of a sector of Medina. Uthman was put in charge of a sector of Medina.

Disposal of the SlavesDisposal of the Slaves

After the Trench encounter a campaign was undertaken After the Trench encounter a campaign was undertaken against the Jews of Benu Quraidha, against the Jews of Benu Quraidha, and when the Jews were taken captive, the question of and when the Jews were taken captive, the question of the disposal of the slaves became a problem. the disposal of the slaves became a problem. Uthman solved the issue by purchasing all the slaves, Uthman solved the issue by purchasing all the slaves, and depositing their price in the Bayt al-mal (Treasury). and depositing their price in the Bayt al-mal (Treasury). Any of these slaves who accepted Islam were set free by Any of these slaves who accepted Islam were set free by Uthman in the name of Allah. Uthman in the name of Allah. Slaves were granted equality, given shelter and food Slaves were granted equality, given shelter and food under Islamic rule.under Islamic rule.

Treaty of HudaibiyahTreaty of Hudaibiyah

In March of 628 (6 Hijrah), Muhammad set out for Mecca to perform In March of 628 (6 Hijrah), Muhammad set out for Mecca to perform the ritual pilgrimage of Haj. the ritual pilgrimage of Haj. The Quraish denied the Muslims entry into the city and posted The Quraish denied the Muslims entry into the city and posted themselves outside Mecca, themselves outside Mecca,

determined to show resistance, determined to show resistance, even though the Muslims had no intention or preparation for battle. even though the Muslims had no intention or preparation for battle.

Muhammad camped outside Mecca, at Hudaibiya, Muhammad camped outside Mecca, at Hudaibiya, and sent Uthman as his envoy and sent Uthman as his envoy to meet with the leaders of Quraish to meet with the leaders of Quraish and negotiate Muslim entry into the city. and negotiate Muslim entry into the city.

The Quraish made Uthman stay longer in Mecca than he originally The Quraish made Uthman stay longer in Mecca than he originally planned and refused to inform the Muslims of his whereabouts. planned and refused to inform the Muslims of his whereabouts.

At HudaibiyaAt Hudaibiya

The treaty of Hudaibiya was such as to raise objections, The treaty of Hudaibiya was such as to raise objections, especially by Omar.especially by Omar.Omar objected over a clause of the treaty saying:Omar objected over a clause of the treaty saying:

that any citizen from Mecca entering Medina is eligible to be that any citizen from Mecca entering Medina is eligible to be returned back to Mecca (if they want), returned back to Mecca (if they want), while any Muslim from Medina entering Mecca is not eligible to be while any Muslim from Medina entering Mecca is not eligible to be returned to the Muslims, even if Muhammad requested. returned to the Muslims, even if Muhammad requested.

After the signing of the treaty, there was still lingering After the signing of the treaty, there was still lingering disappointment among some Muslims because they did disappointment among some Muslims because they did not like the stipulations of the treaty. not like the stipulations of the treaty. Muhammad, binding onto the Islamic ethic (fulfill every Muhammad, binding onto the Islamic ethic (fulfill every promise), ordered that Muslims do exactly as the treaty promise), ordered that Muslims do exactly as the treaty says. says.

Omar and the Hudaibiya TreatyOmar and the Hudaibiya Treaty

Omar, and a few Muslims, objected strongly to the treaty, and even Omar, and a few Muslims, objected strongly to the treaty, and even went as far as regarding that Muhammad's decision was wrong. went as far as regarding that Muhammad's decision was wrong.

Since in compliance to the treaty, Muslims were not to enter Mecca for Since in compliance to the treaty, Muslims were not to enter Mecca for Omrah in that yearOmrah in that yearTherefore, many Muslims even objected when Muhammad repeated three Therefore, many Muslims even objected when Muhammad repeated three times to perform their Omrah rites in the location they were in. times to perform their Omrah rites in the location they were in.

But Muhammad kept emphasizing that Muslims had been victorious. But Muhammad kept emphasizing that Muslims had been victorious. A while later, Omar became worried the Prophet was displeased with A while later, Omar became worried the Prophet was displeased with him on account of his attitude.him on account of his attitude.Shortly after, revelations came out in support of the Prophet: Shortly after, revelations came out in support of the Prophet:

(Al-Fat’h, the victory: 48:1).(Al-Fat’h, the victory: 48:1).(Al-Fat’h, the victory: 48:18-19)(Al-Fat’h, the victory: 48:18-19)

See next slide:See next slide:

2222

Al-Fat’h, the Victory: Al-Fat’h, the Victory: 48:1 and 48:18-1948:1 and 48:18-19

Verily We have granted thee a manifest Verily We have granted thee a manifest Victory ….Victory ….

Allah's Good Pleasure was on the Allah's Good Pleasure was on the Believers when they swore Fealty to thee Believers when they swore Fealty to thee under the Tree: He knew what was in under the Tree: He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down their hearts, and He sent down Tranquility to them; and He rewarded Tranquility to them; and He rewarded them with a speedy Victory;them with a speedy Victory;And many gains will they acquire And many gains will they acquire (besides): and Allah is Exalted in Power, (besides): and Allah is Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom.Full of Wisdom.

RحQا فSت SكS ل Sا ن RحS فSت 4ا Tن RحQا إ فSت SكS ل Sا ن RحS فSت 4ا Tن إQا Tين QامUب Tين ….. …..مUب

TنSع U4ه الل SيTض Sر RدSقS عSنT ل U4ه الل SيTض Sر RدSقS ل RذT إ SينT RمUؤRمTن TذR ال إ SينT RمUؤRمTن ال

SتRحS ت SكS TعUون Sاي Uب SحRتS ي ت SكS TعUون Sاي Uب يمSا SمT فSعSل Tة SرSج مSا الش4 SمT فSعSل Tة SرSج الش4

Sل SزR نS فSأ RمTهT Uوب قUل لS فTي SزR نS فSأ RمTهT Uوب قUل فTي

RمTهR Sي عSل SةS Tين ك RهTمR الس4 Sي عSل SةS Tين ك الس4Qا قSرTيب RحQا فSت RمUهS Sاب ث

S Qا وSأ قSرTيب RحQا فSت RمUهS Sاب ثS وSأ

Qة SيرT Sث ك SمT ةQ وSمSغSان SيرT Sث ك SمT وSمSغSان U4ه الل SانS وSك SهSا RخUذUون Sأ 4هU �ي الل SانS وSك SهSا RخUذUون Sأ �ي

حSكTيمQا ا QيزTزSا عQيمTكSح ا QيزTزSع

2323

Treaty of Hudaibiyah: Treaty of Hudaibiyah: ContinuedContinued

When Uthman was delayed, the Muslims worried that Uthman might When Uthman was delayed, the Muslims worried that Uthman might have been killed by the people of Quraish. have been killed by the people of Quraish.

On this occasion, Muhammad gathered his nearly 1,400 Muslims with On this occasion, Muhammad gathered his nearly 1,400 Muslims with him to pledge to fight unto death him to pledge to fight unto death To avenge the death of Uthman if it so happens, To avenge the death of Uthman if it so happens,

They all pledged by placing a hand on top of Muhammad's hand. They all pledged by placing a hand on top of Muhammad's hand. It is reported that Muhammad placed one of his hands on top of the It is reported that Muhammad placed one of his hands on top of the other and pledged on behalf of Uthman as well. other and pledged on behalf of Uthman as well. This pledge took place under a tree and was known as the This pledge took place under a tree and was known as the Pledge of Pledge of the Treethe Tree and was successful in demonstrating to the Quraish the and was successful in demonstrating to the Quraish the determination of the Muslims. determination of the Muslims. Quraish soon released Uthman and sent Suhail ibn Amr to negotiate Quraish soon released Uthman and sent Suhail ibn Amr to negotiate terms of treaty that later became known as the terms of treaty that later became known as the Treaty of HudaibiyaTreaty of Hudaibiya..

The Omrah, then Conquering MeccaThe Omrah, then Conquering Mecca

In 629, following Hudaibiya Uthman was at the Battle of Khaybar In 629, following Hudaibiya Uthman was at the Battle of Khaybar and later that year, he followed Muhammad to perform Omrah in and later that year, he followed Muhammad to perform Omrah in Mecca. Mecca. While in Mecca Uthman visited his mother and found that his family While in Mecca Uthman visited his mother and found that his family was not as hostile to Islam as they used to be. was not as hostile to Islam as they used to be. In 630, the Quraish broke the treaty of Hudaibiya, In 630, the Quraish broke the treaty of Hudaibiya,

and because of that, the Muslims attacked and conquered Mecca. and because of that, the Muslims attacked and conquered Mecca. General amnesty was granted to the people of the city, although an General amnesty was granted to the people of the city, although an exception was made in the case of half a dozen people. exception was made in the case of half a dozen people. Amongst those not granted amnesty was Abdullah, a foster brother Amongst those not granted amnesty was Abdullah, a foster brother of Uthman. Later, following an appeal by Abdullah's mother to of Uthman. Later, following an appeal by Abdullah's mother to Uthman, he was forgiven by Muhammad. Uthman, he was forgiven by Muhammad.

The Conquest of MeccaThe Conquest of Mecca

Following the Conquest of Mecca Uthman's family converted to Islam Following the Conquest of Mecca Uthman's family converted to Islam and Uthman rejoined his mother and siblings. and Uthman rejoined his mother and siblings. Two weeks later:Two weeks later:

Uthman participated in the Battle of Hunain Uthman participated in the Battle of Hunain which was followed by the Siege of Ta'if.which was followed by the Siege of Ta'if.

To Uthman:To Uthman:the conquest of Mecca and Ta’if were of particular significance, the conquest of Mecca and Ta’if were of particular significance, as he had considerable property in both cities, as he had considerable property in both cities, and he could now profitably develop them. and he could now profitably develop them. He set up sub-offices for his businesses at both Mecca and Ta’if.He set up sub-offices for his businesses at both Mecca and Ta’if.

Uthman's wife, Umm Kulthoom Bint Muhammad, died soon after the Uthman's wife, Umm Kulthoom Bint Muhammad, died soon after the conquest of Mecca.conquest of Mecca.

TabukTabuk

In 630 Muhammad decided to lead an expedition to Tabuk on the In 630 Muhammad decided to lead an expedition to Tabuk on the Syrian border. Syrian border. In order to finance the expedition Muhammad invited contributions In order to finance the expedition Muhammad invited contributions from his followers. from his followers.

Uthman made the largest contribution: Uthman made the largest contribution: 1,000 Dinars in cash, 1,000 Dinars in cash, 950 camels for transport, 950 camels for transport, and 50 horses for the cavalry, which Muhammad greatly and 50 horses for the cavalry, which Muhammad greatly appreciated. appreciated.

In 631, Uthman, along with other Muslims, went to Mecca to perform In 631, Uthman, along with other Muslims, went to Mecca to perform Haj under Abu Bakr while Muhammad stayed in Medina. Haj under Abu Bakr while Muhammad stayed in Medina. A year later, in 632 Uthman was present in the Farewell Pilgrimage A year later, in 632 Uthman was present in the Farewell Pilgrimage under the leadership of Muhammad.under the leadership of Muhammad.

Ghadeer KhumGhadeer Khum

Following the Haj, the Prophet and multitude of others Following the Haj, the Prophet and multitude of others were on their way home, including Abu Bakr and Omar. were on their way home, including Abu Bakr and Omar. Juhfa was an intersection between Mecca and MedinaJuhfa was an intersection between Mecca and MedinaNear Juhfa, at an oasis called Ghadeer Khum, the Near Juhfa, at an oasis called Ghadeer Khum, the Prophet delivered a speechProphet delivered a speechThe Prophet stood on an elevation to be seen by the The Prophet stood on an elevation to be seen by the massive crowdmassive crowdHe took Ali with him, raising up both his and Ali’s armsHe took Ali with him, raising up both his and Ali’s armsHe gave a long speech, the highlight was:He gave a long speech, the highlight was:Ali is Appointed as Ali is Appointed as the Walithe Wali (in charge of the Ummah) (in charge of the Ummah) after the Prophetafter the Prophet

The Prophet’s Speech at Ghadeer KhumThe Prophet’s Speech at Ghadeer Khum

وااله من وال اللهم مواله علي\ فهذا مواله كنت وااله من من وال اللهم مواله علي\ فهذا مواله كنت منوأدر خذله من واخذل نصره من وانصر عاده من وأدر وعاد خذله من واخذل نصره من وانصر عاده من وعاد

دار حيثما معه دار الحق حيثما معه الحق

O' people, whosoever I am his leader, So is Ali to O' people, whosoever I am his leader, So is Ali to be his leaderbe his leader

O' lord, uphold him who upholds Ali, And antagonize him O' lord, uphold him who upholds Ali, And antagonize him who antagonizes Ali, And support him who supports Ali, who antagonizes Ali, And support him who supports Ali,

And impede him who impedes Ali, And let the truth be with And impede him who impedes Ali, And let the truth be with Ali wherever he goesAli wherever he goes

After the Speech in Ghadeer KhumAfter the Speech in Ghadeer Khum

  Omar came forward congratulating Ali saying:Omar came forward congratulating Ali saying:

     مؤمن Uل_ ك ومولى Sموالي SحتS أصب علي، يا Sلك aبخ aبخ   مؤمن Uل_ ك ومولى Sموالي SحتS أصب علي، يا Sلك aبخ aبخومؤمنهومؤمنه

Congratulations, congratulations, O' Ali! You have Congratulations, congratulations, O' Ali! You have become my leader And the leader of every believer, become my leader And the leader of every believer, man or woman.man or woman.

Abu Bakr did likewiseAbu Bakr did likewise

The multitude of others came to congratulate Ali The multitude of others came to congratulate Ali before heading homebefore heading home

Ghadeer Khum NowadaysGhadeer Khum Nowadays

MarriagesMarriages

Throughout his life, Uthman married the following:Throughout his life, Uthman married the following:1.1. Umm Amr Bint Jundub Umm Amr Bint Jundub جندب بنت عمرو جندب أم بنت عمرو أم2.2. Fatima Bint Al-Walid Fatima Bint Al-Walid الوليد بنت الوليد فاطمة بنت فاطمة3.3. Ruqayya Bint Muhammad Ruqayya Bint Muhammad محمد بنت محمد رقية بنت رقية4.4. Umm Kalthoom Bint Muhammad Umm Kalthoom Bint Muhammad محمد بنت كلثوم محمد أم بنت كلثوم أم5.5. Fakhita Bint Ghazwaan Fakhita Bint Ghazwaan غزوان بنت غزوان فاختة بنت فاختة6.6. Umm al-Baneen U'yainah Bint HusnUmm al-Baneen U'yainah Bint Husn نت ب ن ي ن ب ل ا م نت أا ب ن ي ن ب ل ا م أا

حصن بن حصن عيينة بن عيينة7.7. Ramla Bint Shaiba Ramla Bint Shaiba شيبة بنت شيبة رملة بنت رملة8.8. Na’ila Bint al-Farafisa Na’ila Bint al-Farafisa الفرافصة بنت الفرافصة نائلة بنت نائلة

During the Last Days of the ProphetDuring the Last Days of the Prophet

It was only not long afterwards that Prophet Muhammad It was only not long afterwards that Prophet Muhammad fell sickfell sickWhile the Prophet asked Abu Bakr and Omar to be in While the Prophet asked Abu Bakr and Omar to be in U'sama expeditionU'sama expedition

He did not ask Uthman to be in itHe did not ask Uthman to be in it

The Prophet’s sickness got worse, then he died In 632The Prophet’s sickness got worse, then he died In 632Uthman, like other Muslims, was grief-stricken.Uthman, like other Muslims, was grief-stricken.Uthman was not at Saqifa of Benu Sa‘idaUthman was not at Saqifa of Benu Sa‘ida

But he certainly knew of Abu Bakr becoming Khalifa, and of the But he certainly knew of Abu Bakr becoming Khalifa, and of the aftermath and its consequences.aftermath and its consequences.

Uthman was not at the Ridda wars.Uthman was not at the Ridda wars.

Uthman: Hagia Sophia, Istanbul,Uthman: Hagia Sophia, Istanbul,

Uthman Appreciated for: Uthman Appreciated for:

His generosityHis generosity

Twice son-in-law of the ProphetTwice son-in-law of the ProphetProwess at businessProwess at business

His closeness to Muhammad His closeness to Muhammad

Good DemeanorGood Demeanor

In ConclusionIn Conclusion

Uthman, from birth up to the KhilaafahDiscussed in this slide show are:

LineageConversion to IslamMigration to AbyssiniaLife in MedinaTreaty of Hudaibiya TabukDuring the Last Days of the Prophet

Finally we quote the Quran:Finally we quote the Quran:

By the Token of Time By the Token of Time

Verily Man is in loss,Verily Man is in loss,

Except those who Except those who believe and do good believe and do good works, and exhort one works, and exhort one another to Truth and another to Truth and exhort one another to exhort one another to patience.patience.

TمنRح الر4 Tالله T م RسT حRمنT ب الر4 Tالله T م RسT ب

T حTيم Tالر4 حTيم الر4

TرRصSعR RعSصRرTوSال وSال

T ا Tن4 T إ ا Tن4 ر^ الالإ RسUخ SفTي ل Sان Sر^ نس RسUخ SفTي ل Sان Sنس

T Tإ Uوا الالإ وSعSمTل Uوا آمSن SينT4ذ Uوا ال وSعSمTل Uوا آمSن SينT4ذ الSوSاصSوRا وSت TاتSحT SوSاصSوRا الص4ال وSت TاتSحT الص4ال

TرR Tالص4ب ب SوSاصSوRا وSت gقSحR Tال RرT ب Tالص4ب ب SوSاصSوRا وSت gقSحR Tال ب

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Be in God’s CareBe in God’s Care

Dr. A.S. HashimDr. A.S. Hashim