Clerk Pariseelanam handbook layout second handbook.pdf · s]mXp-`-c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-io-e\w ({Kma-]-©m-bØv ¢m¿°p-am¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw) No^v FUn-‰¿: tUm. ]n.-]n. -_m-e≥ Ub-d-IvS¿,

$Page 1: Clerk Pariseelanam handbook layout second handbook.pdf · s]mXp-`-c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-io-e\w ({Kma-]-©m-bØv ¢m¿°p-am¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw) No^v FUn-‰¿: tUm. ]n.-]n. -_m-e≥ Ub-d-IvS¿,$
s]mXp- -c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-io-e\w(Kma-]-©m-bØv ¢m¿°p-am¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvX-Iw)

tIcf C≥Ãn-‰yq v Hm v tem°¬ AUvan-\n-kvtS-j≥apf-¶p-∂-Øp-Im-hv, Xr»q¿˛680 581

s]mXp- -c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-io-e\w(Kma-]-©m-bØv ¢m¿°p-am¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw)

No^v FUn-‰¿:tUm. ]n.-]n. -_m-e≥

Ub-d-IvS¿, Ine

FUn-‰¿:tUm. sP.-_n. cmP≥

AknÃ‚ v s]m^-k¿ Ine

Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿:sI.-Fw. keow

AknÃ‚ v UbdIvS¿, Ine

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ klmbw :sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

FIvÃ≥j≥ m°¬‰n, Ine

Fkv.-sI. _nPpFIvÃ≥j≥ m°¬‰n, Ine

kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥sl¬∏v sUkvIv, Ine

hn.-Pn. iio-[-c≥sl¬∏v sUkvIv, Ine

]Xm-]vknwKv F.-F-kv.sSbv\nwKv Atkm-kn-tb‰v, Ine

B¬sPm kn. sNdn-bm≥FIvÃ≥j≥ m°¬‰n, Ine

Fw.-F®v. jmPn°vFIvÃ≥j≥ m°¬‰n, Ine

Pq¨ 2013

]km-Z\w

In-e

apf-¶p-∂-Øp-Imhv ]n.-H.

Xr»q¿˛680 581, tIcfw

t^m¨: 0487 2201768, 2200244^mIvkv: 0487 2201062C˛-sa-bn¬: [email protected]

Published byKILA

Mulamkunnathukavu P.O.Thrissur-680 581, Kerala

Phone: 0487 2201768, 2200244Fax: 0487 2201062

E-mail: [email protected]

Printed at : Co-operative Press Mulamkunnathukavu, PH 0487 2200391

Ah-Xm-cnI

]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø\w Imcy-£-a-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Bh-iy-amb DtZym-Kÿ kwhn-[m-\-ap-

≠m-I-Ww. ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS Zo¿L-\m-fsØ Cu Bhiyw Xncn-®-dn™v k¿°m¿ imkvXo-b-amb

]T-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS Ãm^v ]mt‰-Wn¬ ImX-emb ]cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ

hcp-Øp-Ibpw ]pXnb XkvXn-I-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-. ]©m-bØv skI- -dn-am-cpsS XkvXnI

GIo-I-c-Ww, Akn-Ã‚ v skI-´dn Dƒs∏sS c≠m-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw ]pXnb XkvXn-I-Ifpw Ãm^v

^nIvtk-j-\pw, F¬.-F-kv.-Pn.-Un. F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-Øn¬ \m\q-dn-e-[nIw Akn-Ã‚ v F©n-\o-

b¿am-cpsS XkvXn-I-Iƒ F∂nh k¿°m¿ kzoI-cn-®Xv ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS Imcy-£-a-amb ]h¿Ø\w

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-sb∂ e£yw ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv. ]pXnb-Xmbn \nb-a\w e`n® DtZym-K-ÿ¿

Ah-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw Imcy-£-a-ambn \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-amb Adnhpw

sshZ-Kv≤yhpw B¿÷n-t°-≠Xp≠v. Poh-\-°m-cpsS at\m`mhw IqSp-X¬ tkh-t\m-∑p-J-am-I-Ww.

Bb-Xn-te°v ]mY-anI ]cn-io-e\w (Induction Training) A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

]pXn-b-Xmbn \nb-a\w e`n® DtZym-K-ÿ¿°mbn ]mY-anI ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-]-≤Xn

(Module) ‘Ine’ CXn-t\m-SIw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. IqSmsX A[nI hmb-\-bv°mbn ssI]p-

kvX-Ihpw Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ]©m-bØv ¢m¿°p-am¿°mbn ‘Ine’ Xøm-dm-°nb ‘s]mXp-`cWw’F∂ ssI]p-kvXIw ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Øns‚ khn-tij hIp-∏p-Ifpw ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-

[m\w kw_-‘n®pw ]mY-anI Adnhv \¬Im≥ D]-I-cn-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. Cu DZy-a-Øn\v

ap≥ssI-sø-SpØ ‘Ine’ Ub-d-IvS-sdbpw ^m°¬‰n AwK-ß-sfbpw A`n-\-µn-°p-∂p.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tUm. Fw.-sI. ap\o¿

22 Pq¨ 2013 ]©m-bØv, kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp∏v a¥n

BLANK

BapJw

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 73˛mw t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS tIc-f-Ønse Kma-]-©m-bØv `cW kwhn-[m\w

hf-sc-b-[nIw i‡n-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn- p-≠v. ]Whpw, Npa-X-e-Ifpw Npa-X-e-°m-cbpw Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-

\-ßƒ°v ssIam-‰-s∏-´p. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ \n∂v Xt±i k¿°m-cp-I-

fm-bp≈ am‰w hfsc thK-Øn-em-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS kncm-tI-µ-ambn ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ ]©m-b-Øm-ô-kp-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ ]pXnb cq]hpw `mhhpw ssIh-cn®v hcn-I-bm-Wv. C°-gn™

amk-ß-fn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw ]pXnb XkvXn-I-Iƒ krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A`ykvX hnZy-cmb sNdp-∏-

°m¿ ]mtZ-inI `cWkwhn-[m-\-Øn-tebv°v IS∂v hcn-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv CXns\ kºp-jvS-am-

°n-bn-´p-≠v.

Ch¿°v ka-K-amb Hcp ]cn-io-e\w \¬In Adnhpw Ign-hp-Ifpw hnI-kn-∏n-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amb

Hcp I¿Ø-hy-ambn ‘Ine’ ImWp-∂p. ]©m-bØv hIp-∏ns‚ kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ine kwL-Sn-∏n-

®n-cn-°p∂ C≥k¿∆okv ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]mSn Ch-cpsS HutZym-KnI Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pw

Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw DXIp-sa∂ Imcyw Xo¿®-bm-Wv. amX-a√ KmaoW P\-Xbv°v ka-

b-_-‘n-X-amb tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]©m-bØv Hmô-kp-I-fpsS hnizm-kyX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\pw k¿t∆m-]cn kZv`-c-W-Øn-te°v \ΩpsS ]bmWw kpK-a-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v hniz-

kn-°p-∂p.

Cu ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]mSnbn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ ]cn-io-e-\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v Hcp ssI]p-kvXIw efn-X-amb

coXn-bn¬ Xøm-dm°n \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw hf-sc-b-[nIw kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. CXn\v klm-bn® Ine-bpsS

kl-]-h¿Ø-I-scbpw FIvÃ≥j≥ ^m°¬‰n AwK-ß-tfbpw CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´p ]h¿Øn®

F√m-hscbpw A`n-\-µn°p-∂p.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw, tUm. ]n.]n. _me≥

22 Pq¨ 2013 Ub-d-IvS¿

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D≈-S°w1. ]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w ˛ C¥y-bn¬ 1

2. ]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w ˛ tIc-f-Øn¬ 7

3. tIc-f-Ønse ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w 11

4. IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ, P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ 15

5. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw 21

6. Kma-k-`-bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw 27

7. DtZym-Kÿ kwhn-[m-\hpw DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw 31

8. ]©m-bØv tbmK- \-S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ 41

9. kZv`-cWw 47

10. tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v 51

11. ^≠v Hmôkv amt\-Pvsa‚ v 57

12. Hmôkv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ 61

13. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-Jbpw tkh-\m-h-Imi \nb-ahpw 67

14. ]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ 71

15. hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw 2005 75

16. \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ˛ ssek≥kp-Iƒ, cPn-kvtS-j≥ 81

17. \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ˛ B]¬°-chpw Ak-ly-hp-amb

hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw ^mIvS-dn-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv 87

18. knhn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥ 91

19. [\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v 95

20. ]©m-bØv ^≠v, _n¬ Xøm-dm-°¬ 103

21. _P-‰v A°u-≠nwKv 109

22. A°u-≠nwKv 117

23. hnhn[ HmUn‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw 121

24. \nIp-Xn-I-fpw \nIpXn \n¿Æ-bhpw 125

25. \nIpXn IpSn-»nI CuSm-°¬ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ 133

26. ]≤Xn Bkq-XWw 137

27. BkvXn ]cn-]m-e\w 147

28. kmaq-ly-t£a s]≥j-\p-Ifpw t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw 151

29. ]©m-bØv `c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ A\p-_‘ \nb-a-ßƒ 163

30. alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn 169

31. `c-W-`mj amXr-`mj 173

]ńI

1. Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ -˛ tIcfw 13

2. Kma-]-©m-bØv Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ 17

3. tªm°v ]©m-bØv Ãm‚nwKv IΩ-‰n-Iƒ 17

4. Pn√m ]©m-bØv Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ 18

5. tbmK-\-S-Øn∏v Npa-X-e-Iƒ 42

6. \nIp-Xn hc-hp-Iƒ 103

7. \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hc-hp-Iƒ 104

8. BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ ˛ t^mdw 1 `qan 149

9. BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ ˛ t^mdw 2 sIń-S-ßƒ 150

t_mIvkv

1. ]mtZ-inI `cW kwhn-[m\w 13

2. ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnse P\-]-Xn-\n[n kwhn-[m-\hpw IΩn-‰n-Ifpw 16

3. DtZym-Kÿ kwhn-[m\w 32

4. hnhcw e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ôkv (tI-c-f-Øn¬) 78

5. _P‰v 112

]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w C¥y-bn¬

1

1.1. kzbw kºq¿Æ Kma-ßƒ

thZßtfmfw ]g°w C¥y-bnse ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°p-≈-Xmbn ImWmw. IpSpw-_-ßƒ tN¿∂v

Ipehpw Ipe-ßƒ tN¿∂v tKmXhpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn EtKz-Z-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. Kma-ßfpw

KmaWn F∂ t]cn¬ Ad-nb-s∏-ń-cp∂ Kma-Ø-e-h\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbpw EtKz-Z-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-

°p-∂p. IuSn-eys‚ A¿∞-im-kvXw, a\p-kv-ar-Xn, cmam-b-Ww, alm-`m-c-Xw, ipIm-Nm-cy-cpsS \oXn-

kmcw F∂o IrXn-I-fnepw ]mtZ-in-I- -c-W-co-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ‘]©’ F∂ kwkvIrX

]Z-Øn¬ \n∂mWv ]©m-bØv F∂ ]Zw Bhn¿`-hn-®-Xv. Kma`-c-W-Øns‚ ]t©-µo-b-ß-fmbn

]©m-b-Øp-Isf IW-°m°nbncp∂p. Xß-fpsS ]cn-an-X-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ an°Xpw kz¥-ambn \nd-

th-‰m≥ A°m-esØ Kma-ßƒ°v Ign-™n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Ah ‘kzbw kºq¿Æ Kma-ßƒ’F∂v hnti-jn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. cmP-`-c-W-Øn¬ t]mepw Kma-ß-fn¬ P\-ß-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ `c-W-

kw-hn-[m-\-ßƒ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p. Ko°v sshtkm-bn-bm-bn-cp∂ saK-kvX-\o-kns‚ ‘C≥Un°’ F∂

IrXn-bnepw ssN\okv k©m-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ ^mln-bms‚ bmXm-tc-J-I-fnepw C¥y-bnse kzbw

kºq¿Æ Kma-`-cW hyhÿ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. Z£n-W-`m-c-X-Ønepw i‡-amb ]mtZ-in-I-`-c-W-

hy-hÿ \ne-\n∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn kwL-Im-e-Ir-Xn-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Kp]vX`-c-W-Im-eØpw apKƒ`-

cW ImeØpw i‡-amb kq£va-Xe Kma-`-cW hyhÿ C¥y-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

1.1. kzbw kºq¿Æ Kma-ßƒ

1.2. ]mtZ-inI`cWw _nójv c-W-Im-eØv

1.3. kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Im-e-L-´-Ønse \o°-ßƒ

1.4. ]mtZ-in-I-`-cWw kzmX-¥y-Øn\p tijw

1.5. ]©m-bØv cm-Pn-te°v

1.5.1. _¬h-¥vdmbv taØ IΩn‰n

1.5.2. AtimIv taØ IΩn‰n

1.5.3. a‰p IΩn-‰n-Iƒ

1.6. `c-W-L-S\bpsS 64 Dw 65 Dw t`Z-K-Xn- \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

1.7. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 73Dw 74Dw t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ

91

]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w C¥y-bn¬1

kzbw-k-ºq¿Æ Kma- -cW hyh-ÿ-bpsS t\ -ßƒ

• kmº-ØnI kzbw ]cym-]vXX ˛ Hmtcm Kmahpw Ah-bpsS ]cn-an-X-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-

th‰n i‡-amb Hcp KmaoW kº-Zvhy-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

• kmaqln-I- -cm-jvSob cwK-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-KXn ˛ cmjvSob Imcy-ß-fn¬ P\-ßƒ°p-≠m-bn-

cp∂ ]¶pw kmaq-lnI Iq´m-bvabpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-°n-S-bm-°n.

• ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ]ptcm-KXn ˛ kmaq-lnI Iq´m-bva-bn-eqsS D≠mb `Z-Xbpw AXp-h-gn-

bp-≠mb kpc-£n-X-Øzhpw kmº-Øn-I-]p-tcm-KXn amX-a√ Ie, kwkvIm-cw, hnZym- ym-kw,

XpSßn kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-≠m-°n.

• Bh-iy-ßfpw ]iv\-ßfpw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏´p ˛ P\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ°pw ]iv\-

ßƒ°pw ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kmaq-lnI Iq´mbva Kma-`-cW hyh-ÿ-bn¬

km[y-am-bn.

1.2. ]mtZ-inI`cWw _nójv `c-W-Im-eØv

kzbw kºq¿Æ Kma-`-cW hyhÿ _nó-jp-Im-cpsS hc-thmsS Zp¿_-e-am-Im≥ XpS-ßn. AXn-

\n-S-bm-°nb ][m\ Imc-W-ßƒ NphsS ]d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

• sImtfm-Wn-b¬ `c-W-Øns‚ NqjW hyKX

• tZiob kºZv hyh-ÿ-bp-ambn KmaoW kºZv hyh-ÿsb Cg-tN¿°-s∏-´-tXmsS Kma-ßƒ°p-

≠mb kmº-ØnI timj-Ww.

• imkvX- -km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fnse ]pØ≥ I≠p-

]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bmØ Kma-ßƒ

• apX-em-fnØ coXn-bn-ep≈ Dev]m-Z\ _‘-ßfpw

Dev]m-Z\ hyh-ÿbpw Kma-ßsf NqjW hnt[-

b-am-°n.

Ime-I-taW ]mtZ-inI cWkwhn-[m\w i‡n-

s∏-Sp-Øm≥ _nó-jp-Im¿ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn. AXn\v

Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imc-W-ß-fp-≠v.

1. Kma-ß-fpsS kmº-ØnI Xf¿® _nójv

sImtfm-Wn-b¬ Xmev]-cy-ßsf ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn

_m[n®p.

2. cmP-`-cW hyh-ÿsb sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v

_n´-\n-ep-≠mb ]t£m-`-ßfpw ]mtZ-inI

`c-W-hy-hÿ i‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n

AhnsS \S∂ ia-ßfpw ]gb ]©m-b-Øp-

Iƒ°v Xpey-amb ]©m-bØv `cW kwhn-

[m\w thW-sa∂v C¥y-bn¬ i‡-amb hmZ-

ßƒ Db¿∂p-h-∂p.

2

3. _nójv Xmev]-cy-ßƒ°-\p-kr-Xambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]mtZ-inI `cW kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ C¥y-

bnse ]mtZ-inI kwhn-[m-\sØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ ]mtZ-inI

`cW kwhn-[m\w sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂Xv tZiob ]ÿm\w apt∂m´ph® ][m\ Bh-iy-ß-

fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

1.3. kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Im-e-L- -Ønse \o°-ßƒ

• 1909-˛¬ emtlm-dn¬ \S∂ tIm¨Kkv ktΩ-f\w Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Xew ap-X¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-

s∏´ `cWkan-Xn-I-fp≈ `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w thW-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

• 1916-˛¬ Km‘n-Pn, `mc-X-Øn-s‚

X\Xv cmjvSo-b-˛-km-t¶-XnI ]mc-

º-cy-amb ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ \ne-hn¬

htc -≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy -IX

Db¿Øn°mń.

• 1919-˛¬ samt≠Kp˛sNw-kvt^m¿Uv

`cW ]cn-jv°mc dnt∏m¿´v ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v 1919-˛se

Kh-s◊‚ v Hm v C¥ym BIvSn-eqsS

C¥ym-°m¿°v ]¶m-fn -Ø-ap≈

]mtZ-inI `c-W-Øn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-

Iƒ Bcw-`n-®p. _nójv ]hn-iy-

I-fnepw \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fnepw ]©m-

bØv \nb-a-ßƒ ]m m-°-s∏-´p.

• tZiob ]ÿm\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn

\S∂ N¿®-I-fnepw ]t£m-` -

ßfnepsa√mw Kma-kz-cmPv F∂

k¶ev]w Km‘nPn Db¿Øn ]nSn-

°p-Ibpw AXv ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-

Xn-\p-th≠n ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Km‘n-Pnsb kw_-‘n®v tZiob ]ÿm\w kzcm-Pn\v th≠n amX-am-bn-cp-∂n√ Kma-kz-cm-Pn-\p-

IqSn th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm Kmahpw Hmtcm kºq¿Æ dn∏-ªn-°m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p

Km‘n-Pn-bpsS k¶-ev]w.

1.4. ]mtZ-in-I- -cWw kzmX-¥y-Øn\p tijw

i‡amb ]mtZ-inI `cWkwhn-[m\w Bhiyam-sW∂v kzmX-¥y-k-ac Ime-L-´-Øn¬ an°

tZiob t\Xm-°fpw D∂-bn®p. F¶nepw C¥y-bpsS `c-W-L-S\ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \S∂ N¿®-

I-fn¬ Cu Bh-iy-Øn\v ap¥nb ]m[m\yw e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. AXn-\p≈ ][m\ ImcWw tUm.

Awt_-ZvI-dpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. P∑n hyh-ÿbpw kh¿Æ hn`m-K-ßƒ°v ta¬ss°-bp≈ PmXn-

hy-h-ÿbpw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ Hcp kmaq-ly-hy-h-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn\v IqSp-

X¬ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ \¬In-bm¬ B A[n-Imcw ssIømfp-∂Xv ta¬Pm-Xn-°mcpw `q]-`p-°-fp-am-bn-cn-

°p-sa-∂pw, AXp-aqew ]mh-s∏-´-hcpw IogvPm-Xn-°mcpw IqSp-X¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Nqj-W-Øn\v

hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p At±-l-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ `c-W-L-S-

\-bpsS \n¿t±-i-I-X-Xz-ß-fn¬ (Directive Principles) amXta ]©m-bØv cW kwhn-[m-\-Øn\v ÿm\w

3

e`n-®p-≈p. `c-W-L-S\ A\p-k-cn®v Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠Xpw Ahbv°v A[n-

Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw \¬tI-≠Xpw kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS amXw Npa-X-e-bm-bn-cp∂p. AXv

A\n-hm-cy-hp-a√m-bn-cp-∂p.

1.5. ]©m-bØv cm-Pn-te°v

]mtZ-in-I-`-cW kwhn-[m\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bp≈ N¿®-

Iƒ kzmX-¥ym-\-¥c Ime-L-´w apX¬ kPo-h-ambn. AXns‚ ê-ambn ]mtZ-inI `cWkwhn-

[m\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Ht´sd \S-]-Sn-I-fp-≠m-bn.

1.5.1. _¬h-¥vdmbv taØ IΩn‰n

1958-˛¬ tZiob hnI-k\ Iu¨kn-ens‚ Xocp-am\ ]Imcw cq]o-

Ir-X-amb _¬h-¥vdmbv taØ IΩn‰n ]mtZ-inI `cWkwhn-[m\w

i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v aq¿Ø-amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ apt∂m- p-h-®p. ]mtZ-

in-I-X-e-Øn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ `c-W-k-an-Xn-I-fp≈ `c-W-kw-

hn-[m\w D≠m-I-W-sa-∂pw, Ahbv°v Iøm-fm≥ Ignbp∂ Npa-X-e-

Iƒ \¬I-W-sa-∂pw ]mtZ-inI hn`hkam-l-c-W-Øn\v kl-I-

cWtaJ-esb i‡n-s∏-Sp -Ø-W-sa-∂pw, XnXe ]mtZ-inI

`cWkwhn-[m\w ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂pw Cu IΩn‰n ip]m¿i sNbvXp.

1.5.2. AtimIv taØ IΩn‰n

1977-˛¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ tIµ-k¿°m¿ ]mtZ-inI `cWkwhn-[m\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-

s\-°p-dn®v ]Tn®v dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-°m-\mbn Atim-IvtaØ IΩn-‰nsb \nb-an-®p. IΩn‰n 1978˛-¬

\¬Inb dnt∏m¿´pw ]mtZ-inI cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬ A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw \¬tI-

≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw Xncs™-Sp-°-s∏´ c-W-k-an-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-tI-≠-Xns‚ ]m[m-\yhpw FSpØp

]d-™p. CXn-\mbn c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw ip]m¿i sNbvXp. Atim-IvtaØ IΩn-

‰n-bpsS dnt∏m¿ńs\ XpS¿∂v I¿Æm-S-I, ]›n-a-_w-Kmƒ, B‘m-]-tZ-iv, PΩp- -Im-ivao¿ F∂o kwÿm-

\-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb \nb-a-ßƒ ]m m-°p-Ibpw I¿Æm-S-I-bnepw ]›na_wKm-fnepw ]mtZ-inI `cWw

i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]ptcm-Ka-\-]-c-amb ]e \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.

1.5.3. a‰p IΩn-‰n-Iƒ

Ht´sd IΩn-‰n-Ifpw IΩo-j-Wp-Ifpw C°m-cy-Øn-\mbn cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-sb√mw Xs∂ ]mtZ-

inI `cWkwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX FSpØp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-bn¬ ][m-\-s∏-´h

NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

1. Z¥v hme IΩn‰n (1978) ˛ tªm°vXe Bkq-X-W-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX Nq≠n-°m-ń.

2. kn.-F-Nv. l\p-a-¥-dmhp IΩn‰n (1984) Pn√m-Xe Bkq-XWw Bh-iy-am-sW∂v ip]m¿i sNbvXp.

3. Pn.-hn.-sI. dmhp IΩn‰n (1985) ˛ Pn√m-Xe Bkq-X-W-Øn\v ]©m-bØv cmPv ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS

]m[m\yw FSp-Øp-]-d-™p.

4. ]n.-sF. XptKm¨ IΩn‰n (1988) ˛ ]©m-bØv cmPv ÿm]-\-ßƒ ê-]-Z-am-Ip∂Xn\v `c-W-L-

S\m t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-sW∂v \n¿t±-in-®p.

1 ]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w C¥y-bn¬1

4

1.6. `c-W-L-S\bpsS 64 Dw 65 Dw t`Z-K-Xn- \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

]©m-b-Øv -cm-Pv, \K-c-]m-enI ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v `c-W-L-S\m ]n≥_ew \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\pth≠n 1989-

˛¬ 64, 65 c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn ]m¿ensa‚n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw temI-k` ]m m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ _n√nse Nne hyh-ÿ-Isf kw_-‘n®v ka-hm-b-ap-≠m-Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ cmPy-k-`-bn¬

_n¬ ]m m-bn-√.

1.7. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 73Dw 74Dw t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ

]©m-b-Øv -cmPv \K-c-]m-enI ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v `c-W-L-S\m ]n≥_ew \¬Ip∂ 73, 74 `c-W-L-

S\m t`Z-KXn 1992-˛¬ ]m¿e-nsa‚ v sFIyIWvtT\ ]m m°n. ]kn-U-‚ns‚ A\p-aXn 1993 ¬ e`n-°p-

Ibpw 1993 G]n¬ 24 apX¬ ]m_-ey-Øn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

][m\ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

• ]©m-bØv cmPv ÿm]-\-ßƒ°pw \K-c-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°pw `c-W-L-S\m

]n≥_ew

• kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\-Øn\pw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn°pw th≠n ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bkq-XWw

sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-Im-iw.

• ]mtZ-inI `cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v hnjb Npa-X-e-Iƒ \¬In-s°m-≠p≈ 11- mw ]ń-

Ibpw 12- mw ]ń-Ibpw `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn.

• XnXe ]©m-bØv `cW kwhn-[m\w (Km-a- -a≤y-Xe- -Pn√mXe ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ)

• Kma-kÌƒ/hm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ (]-Xy£ P\m-[n-]Xy thZn-Iƒ)

• A©v h¿jw IqSp-tºmƒ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v \n¿_‘w

• ]ń-I-PmXn/ ]ń-I-h¿§°m¿°v AwK-Xz-Ønepw A≤y-£-]-Z-hn-bnepw P\-kw-Jym-

\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn kwh-c-Ww.

• kvXoIƒ°v aq∂nsem∂v kwh-cWw ˛ AwK-Xz-Ønepw A≤y£ ]Z-hn-bnepw (\n-e-

hn¬ 50 iX-am-\-am-Wv)

• kwÿm\ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v IΩo-j≥ ˛ kzmX¥y Xnc-s™-Sp∏v kwhn-[m\w

• kwÿm\ [\-Imcy IΩo-j≥ ˛ [\-hn-tI-µo-I-c-W-Øn\v imkvXo-b-am-\-Z-fi-ßƒ

\n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

• Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn-Iƒ

5

BLANK

]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w tIc-f-Øn¬

2

2.1 ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w tIc-f-Øn¬ (kzm-X-¥y-Øn\p apºv)

tIc-fw kzmX-¥y--Øn\p apºv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿, sIm®n, ae-_m¿ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂mbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-

ń-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂-t√m. Cu aq∂n-S-tØbpw ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Npcp-°-Øn-se-

¶nepw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv, tIc-f-Ønse ]m-tZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v

A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

2.1.1 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬

XncphnXmwIq-dn¬ 20-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬Xs∂ ]´W ]tZ-i-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-

bp≈ Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1912-˛-emWv \nIp-Xn-Zm-b-I¿°v HutZym-KnI

AwK-ßsf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw e`n-®-Xv. 1920 -se ap\n-kn-∏¬ BIvSv A\p-k-cn®v SuÏ-

Ωn-‰n-Iƒ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-Iƒ Bbn amdn. 1925-˛se hnt√Pv Kma-]-©m-bØv dKp-te-j≥ ]Imcw

]´W]tZ-i-ß-fnse Cu `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w Kma-ß-fn-te°pw hym]n-∏n-®p. ]t£, Ggv ]©m-b-Øp-

Iƒ amX-amWv A∂v cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏- -Xv. sXcphv ipNo-I-c-Ww, ip≤-Pe hnX-c-Ww, amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷-

\w, ivaim\ \n¿Ωm-Ww, ]mtZ-inI tdmUp-I-fp-tSbpw IS-Øp-I-fp-tSbpw ta¬t\m-´w, ]mY-anI hnZym-

`ymkw F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]©mb-Øp-I-fpsS apJy ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ. IqSmsX Nne PpUo-jy¬ A[n-

Im-c-ßfpw Ah-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kzØv \nIp-Xn, hml\ \nIp-Xn, sXmgn¬ \nIpXn F∂n-hbpw

k¿°m¿ Km‚pw Bbn-cp∂p ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS ][m\ hcp-am\ am¿§-ßƒ.

1940 se hnt√Pv bqWn-b≥ BIvSv ]Imcw hnt√Pv ]©m-b-Øp-I-fptSXn\v kam-\-amb hnt√Pv

bqWn-b-\p-Iƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂p. Cu \nb-a-tØmsS hnt√Pv ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw hnt√Pv bqWn-b-\p-Ifpw

2.1 ]mtZ-inI c-W-kw-hn-[m\w tIc-f-Øn¬ (kzm-X-¥y-Øn\p apºv)

2.1.1 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬

2.1.2 sIm®n-bn¬

2.1.3 ae-_m-dn¬

2.2 kzmX¥y e_v[n°v tijw

2.3 tIc-f-∏n-d-hn°v tijw

2.4 `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-K-Xn-°p-tijw

2.4.1 tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaw 1994

2.4.1 ]mtZ-inI c-W-hy-hÿ

2.4.2 A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cW X¥w

2.4.3. P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-eqsS kaK hnI-k\w

7

cPn-kvSm¿ F∂ hIp∏v Xe-hs‚ Iogn-embn 1949 se Xncp-˛-sIm®n kwtbm-P\w hsc Cu \ne

XpS¿∂p.

2.1.2 sIm®n-bn¬

1914-˛¬ sIm®n hnt√Pv ]©mbØv dKp-te-j≥ \nb-a-tØmsS A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ A©v Xmeq-°p-I-

fn¬ Hcp Xmeq-°n\v Hs∂∂ tXmXn¬ A©v hnt√Pv ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A©wK

`cWkan-Xn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AºXv cq] Icw Xocp-h-bp-≈-h¿°pw _ncp-Z-[m-cn-

Iƒ°pw ASp-Øq¨ ]‰nb DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw amXta kanXn AwK-ß-fm-Im≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p.

]©mb-Øp-I-fpsS ta¬t\m´ Npa-Xe Znhm≥ t]jv°m¿°m-bn-cp-∂p. 1922-˛¬ sIm®n≥ ]©m-bØv

dKp-te-j≥ \ne-hn¬ h∂-tXmsS ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS A[n-Imcw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw kanXn AwK-ß-fm-

Im-\p≈ tbmKyX Icw Xocp-h-bm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1930-˛-I-fn¬ hnt√Pv ]©m-bØv kwhn-[m\w ]c-

am-h-[n-bn-S-ß-fn-te°v hym]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. 1949 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw hnt√Pv ]©m-b-Øp-I-

fpsS FÆw \qdm-bn. 1935-˛¬ ]mb-]q¿Øn thm´-h-Imiw \ne-hn¬h-cn-Ibpw 1945-˛¬ ]©m-b-Øn\v

Hcp k¿°m¿ hIp∏v cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2.1.3 ae-_m-dn¬

Xncp-˛-sIm®n ]tZ-i-ßsf At]-£n®v hfsc sshIn-bmWv hnt√Pv Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS

]h¿Ø\w ae-_m¿ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hym]n®Xv. F∂m¬ 1867-˛se aZmkv Su¨ Cw]q-hvsa‚ v BIvSv

]Imcw tImgn-t°m-Sv, ]me-°m-Sv, Xe-t»-cn, IÆq¿ F∂n-hn-S-ßfn¬ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-Iƒ cq]-s∏-´p

k¿°m¿ \ntbm-Kn-°p∂ ]am-Wn-am-cpw, tem°¬ aPn-kvtS-‰v, ]n.-Uv_vfyq.-Un. td©v Hmô-k¿ F∂n-

hcpw tN¿∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p `c-W-k-an-Xn. 1884˛se aZmkv tem°¬ t_m¿Uvkv BIvSv A\p-k-cn®v

]mtZ-inI `c-W-Øn-\mbn UnkvSnIv‰v t_m¿Up-Ifpw Xmeq°v t_m¿Up-Ifpw \ne-hn¬ h∂p. 1930-

˛¬ F√m Kma cW kwhn[m\ßtfbpw aZmkv tem°¬ t_m¿Uvkv

BIvSns‚ A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bn-em-°n. 1943-˛¬ Imcy \n¿∆-l-W-Øn\v

FIvkn-Iyq- ohv Hmô-k¿amsc \nb-an-®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]cn-jv°m-chpw \ne-

hn¬ h∂p. 1957 hsc Cu kwhn-[m\w XpS¿∂p.

2.2 kzmX¥y e_v[n°v tijw

1949 Pqsse 1˛\v Xncp-˛-sIm®n kwÿm\w \ne-hn¬ hs∂-¶nepw

Ahn-S-ß-fnse ]©mbØv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v GIo-IrX cq]-ap-≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-√. 1950-˛se Xncp-˛-sIm®n ]©mbØv BIvSv \ne-hn¬ h∂-

tXm-sS-bmWv Cu ÿnXn°v am‰-ap-≠m-b-Xv. At∏m-tg°pw samØØn¬

550 ]©m-bØpIƒ \ne-hn¬ h∂n-cp-∂p. 1950-˛se BIvSns\ XpS¿∂v

\ne-hn¬ h∂ ]©m-bØv Unen-an-t‰-j≥ IΩn-‰n-bpsS ip]m¿i A\p-

k-cn®v 552 ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v cq]w \¬In. 1950 BKÃv 15 apX¬

Xncp-˛-sIm®n ]tZ-iØv P\m-[n-]Xy coXn-bn-ep≈ ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ

\ne-hn¬ h∂p. ]mb-]q¿Øn thm´-h-Im-i-Øns‚bpw clky _me‰v

kº-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-¬ t\cn-´p≈ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-eq-

sS-bmWv CXv km[y-am-b-Xv. 1951-˛¬ aZmkv ]©m-bØv BIvSv ]m m-

°-s∏-´p. AXp]Imcw ae-_m-dnse ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v k¿°m¿

Km‚n\v A¿l-X-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ AhnsS ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS

][m\ hcp-am\am¿§w \nIpXnIfm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu BIvSv ]Imcw 399

]©m-b-Øp-I-fmWv ae-_m¿˛ Imk¿tKmUv ]tZ-iØv cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv.

ae-_m¿ ]tZ-iØv F√m-bn-SØpw ]©m-bØv cW kan-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-

]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w tIc-f-Øn¬1

8

2

bn-cp-∂n-√. ae-_m¿ UnkvSnIvSv t_m¿Uns‚ ]h¿Ø\ ]cn-[n-bn¬s∏-SmØ CS-ß-fn¬ amX-amWv

]©m-bØv `cWkanXnIƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

2.3 tIc-f-∏n-d-hn°v tijw

1956 \hw-_¿ H∂n\v tIc-f-kw-ÿm\w \ne-hn¬ h∂-tXmsS Xncp-˛-sIm-®n-bn-sebpw ae-_m¿

]tZ-i-sØbpw ]©m-b-Øp-I-sf√mw tIc-f-Ønse ]©m-b-Øp-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p F∂m¬ 1960-˛se

tIcf ]©m-bØv BIvSv \S-∏m-°p-∂Xv hsc ae-_m¿ UnkvSnIvSv t_m¿Uns‚ ]h¿Ø\w XpS¿∂p.

1956 \hw-_¿ H∂n\v tIc-f-Øn-sem-´msI 892 ]©m-b-Øp-I-fm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ Xncp-˛-

sIm®n ]tZ-isØ ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ 1950-˛se Xncp-˛-sIm®n ]©m-bØv BIvSv A\p-k-cn-®pw, ae-_m¿

]tZ-isØ ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ 1951-˛se aZmkv ]©m-bØv BIvSv A\p-k-cn-®p-amWv ]h¿Øn®v h∂-

Xv. 1957- ¬ C.-Fw.-F-kv. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ

a¥n-k` AtX-h¿jw BKÃv 15-˛\v ]©mb-Øp-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb `c-W-]-cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp `cW ]cn-jv-°mc IΩn-‰n°v cq]w \¬In. 1956 Pqsse 26-˛\v ]kvXpX kanXn

AXns‚ dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-®p. c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ LSIw ]©m-b-Øm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw AXn\v

apI-fn¬ Xmeq-°v, Pn√m Xeßfnepw `c-W-k-an-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p kan-Xn-bpsS

apJy \n¿t±-iw. kan-Xn-bpsS dnt∏m¿ńs‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ 1958 Unkw-_¿ 8˛\v tIcf ]©m-bØv

_n√pw 1959 G]n¬ 16-˛\v Pn√m Iu¨kn¬ _n√pw \nb-a-k`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. F∂m¬ 1959

Pqsse 31˛\v \nb-a-k` ]ncn®v hn´-Xn-\m¬ Cu _n√p-Iƒ ]m mbn√. ]n∂oSv 1960-˛¬ tIcf ]©m-

bØv BIvSpw, 1961-˛¬ tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n BIvSpw ]m m-°-s∏-´p. XpS¿∂v 1963 Unkw-_-dn¬

]©m-bØv/ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \S-°p-Ibpw 1964 P\p-hcn H∂n\v tIcf kwÿm-

\sØ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ BZy ]©m-bØv/ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n kan-Xn-Iƒ \ne-hn¬ hcp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ta¬ ]d™ \nb-a-ß-fn¬ Ht´sd ]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ ]mtZ-inI `cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°mbn \o°n-

sh-®n-cp-s∂-¶nepw Ah-bn-te-sdbpw IS-em-kn¬ Xs∂ Ah-ti-jn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

1964-˛¬ B¿.-i-¶¿ apJy-a¥n Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]©m-bØv bqWn-b≥ Iu¨kn¬ ˛ Pn√m ]cn-

jØv _n¬ \nb-a-k`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-s®-¶nepw AXv ]m m-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv a¥n-k` ]pd-Øm-bn.

1965-˛¬ ]kn-U‚ v `c-W-Im-eØv F.-sI. sht≈mSn A≤y-£-\mb `cW ]p\:kwhn-[m\˛sNehp

Npcp-°¬ IΩ‰n 1964-˛se _n√nse \n¿t±-i-ßƒ s]mXp-hn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶nepw XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-

Iƒ H∂pw D≠m-bn-√. 1967-˛¬ C.-Fw.-F-kv. ho≠pw apJy-a-¥n-bmbn A[n-Im-c-ta‰ tijw tIcf

]©m-bØv _n¬ \nba k`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. ]©m-bØpw Pn√bpw tN¿∂v Hcp ZznXe `cW

kwhn-[m-\-amWv AXn¬ hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. hni-Z-amb

]cn-tim-[-\bv°v _n¬ skeIvSv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-®p.

skeIvSv IΩn-‰n-bpsS ip]m¿i ]Imcw Cu _n√ns‚ t]cv

tIcf tem°¬ Kh-s◊‚ v BIvSv F∂m°n am‰n. 1969 am¿®v 26-

˛\v \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ Cu _n√v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-s´-¶nepw \nb-a-

k` ]n∂oSv ]ncn®v hn´-Xn-\m¬ Cu _n√pw ]m m-bn-√.

1971-˛¬ kn. A®p-X-ta-t\m≥ a¥n-k-`-bpsS ImeØv 1969-˛se

_n¬ GI-tZiw AXv t]mse tIcf UnkvSnIvSv AUvan-\n-

kvtS-j≥ _n¬ 1971 F∂ t]cn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sh-¶nepw \nb-

a-am-bn-√. Cu _n¬ ho≠pw 1978˛¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw \nb-

a-k` ]m m-°pIbpw 1980 sabv 18-˛\v ]kn-U-‚ns‚ A\p-aXn

In´p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬, \S-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. 1987-

˛¬ h∂ C.-sI. \mb-\m¿ a¥n-k` Pn√ `cW BIvSv \S-∏m-

9

°m≥ \S-]Sn ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw XpS¿∂v 1991-˛¬ Pn√m Iu¨kn¬ sXc-s™-Sp∏v \SØn Pn√m

Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ 1991-˛¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ a¥n-k` 1992-˛¬

Pn√m Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ ]ncn-®p-hn-´-tXmsS Pn√m `cW kwhn-[m\w C√m-Xm-bn.

2.4 `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-K-Xn-°p-tijw

2.4.1 tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaw 1994

`cW LS-\-bpsS 73, 74 t`Z-K-Xn-Isf XpS¿∂v 1994-˛¬ tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSpw tIcf ap\n-

kn-∏m-en‰n BIvSp-w ]m m°n. tIµ \nb-a-Øns‚ A¥:kØ Dƒs°m≠v ka-K-amb Hcp \nbaw

tIc-f-Øn¬ ]m_-eyØn¬ h∂p. tIµ \nbaw A\p-im-kn-°p∂ \n¿_-‘nX hyh-ÿ-Iƒ kwÿm\

\nb-a-Ønepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn.

• Pn√m-˛-tªm-°v-˛-Km-a-X-e-Øn¬ XnXe ]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m-\-Øn\v \nbaw cq]w \evIn.

• Kma-k`/hm¿Uv k`-Iƒ°v hn]p-e-amb A[n-Im-c-ßƒ \¬In.

• A©v h¿jw IqSp-tºmƒ Xnc-s™-Sp∏p \S-Øp-hm≥ kwÿm-\- Xn-c-s™-Sp∏p IΩo-j≥.

• Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v kwÿm\ [\-Imcy IΩo-j≥.

• XnXe ]©mb-Øp-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw ]ń-I-s∏-Sp-Øn.

• Npa-X-e-Iƒ°v H∏w AXv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb kwhn-[m-\w.

XpS¿∂v 1995-˛¬ ]©m-bØv/ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n sXc-s™Sp∏v \SØn. `cW LS\m t`Z-K-Xn-Isf

XpS¿∂v `cW LS\m ]n≥_-e-ap≈ ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw \K-c`cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw 1995 HIvtSm-_¿

2˛\v \ne-hn¬ h∂p.

1999-˛epw 2000-˛epw D≠mb \nb-a-t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ aqew Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬ A[n-Im-

c-ßƒ e`n-°p-Ibpw Ah IqSp-X¬ i‡-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2000, 2005, 2010 F∂o h¿j-ß-fn¬ bYm-

k-abw sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-°p-Ibpw ]pXnb `cW kan-Xn-Iƒ \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp-t]m-cp-∂p.

2.4.2 ]mtZ-inI c-W-hy-hÿ

1995-˛¬ Xs∂ Xt±-i`cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v \¬I-s∏´ Npa-X-e-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ DtZym-K-

ÿ-tcbpw ÿm]-\-ß-tfbpw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp.

2.4.3 A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cW X¥w

1997-˛¬ Bcw-`n® 9˛mw ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ AS-¶¬ XpI-bpsS GI-tZiw 40 iX-am\w XpI

Xt±-i- cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v \¬Ip-hm\pw AXv P\-Io-bm-kq-XW ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-tØmsS

P\-Iob ]≤-Xn-bmbn \S-∏n-em-°p-hm\pw kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Cu Xocp-am\w \S-∏n-em-

b-Xns‚ ê-ambn tIc-f-Ønse Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ bYm¿∞ ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fmbn

amdn.

tIc-f-Ønse ]mtZ-inI `cW kwhn-[m\w C∂v G‰hpw i‡-amb H∂mbn amdn-bncn°p∂p.

]mtZ-inI `cW kwhn-[m-\-Øn-t‚bpw A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-W-Øn-t‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ apº-¥n-

bn¬ \n¬°p∂ kwÿm-\-amWv tIc-fw.

]©m-bØv cmPv kwhn-[m\w tIc-f-Øn¬1

10

2

tIcfØnse ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w

3

3.1. F¥mWv ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w?

AXXv ]tZ-isØ cW hnI-k\ Imcy-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v ]mtZ-inI Xe-Øn¬ ]h¿Ø\w

\S-Øm≥ Npa-X-es∏´ kzbw-`-cW `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-sØ-bmWv ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w F∂p

]d-bp-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ \ne-hn¬ h∂t∏mƒ cmPyØv c≠v Xe-Øn-ep≈ `c-W-Iq-S-ß-fmWv

hyhÿ sNø-s∏-´-Xv. H∂v tIµ k¿°m¿, c≠v kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ. Gsd-°m-esØ N¿®-

Iƒ°pw Btem-N-\-Iƒ°pw tijw aq∂mw-Xe c-W-kw-hn[m-\-ambn ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-Iƒ C¥y≥

`c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ 1992˛¬ hyhÿ sNø-s∏-´p; `c-W-L-S\bpsS 73-˛mw t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS ]©m-bØv

cmPv ÿm]-\-ßfpw 74-˛mw t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS \K-c-]m-enIm ÿm]-\-ßfpw. AtXmsS cmPy-Øv, ]©m-

b-Øp-Ifpw \K-c]menIm ÿm]-\-ßfpw tIµ- -kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cp-I-sf-t∏mse c-W-L-S\m ]n≥_-

e-ap≈ ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ambn amdn.

3.2. tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv ˛ ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-a-ßƒ

tI-cf ]©m-bØv \nb-aw (1960), tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-aw (1961) F∂n-h-bmWv 73 Dw 74 Dw `c-

W-L-S\m t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ°p-apºv ]m_-ey-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]kvXpX `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-

KXnIƒ°-\p-kr-X-a-mbn 1994˛¬ ]pXnb ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbahpw ]pXnb ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-ahpw

tIcf \nb-a-k` ]m m-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1994˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv- \nbaw, tIcf -ap\n-kn-∏m-

en‰n \nb-aw F∂n-hbpsS hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ]Im-c-amWv tIc-fØnse XnXe ]©mb-Øp-Ifpw \K-

c]menIm ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.

3.3. Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Npa-X-eIƒ

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Ønse 3, 4, 5 ]ń-I-I-fn¬ bYm-Iaw Kma-˛-tªm-°v-˛-Pn√m ]©m-b-

Øp-IfptSbpw tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-a-Ønse 1˛mw ]ń-I-bn¬ \K-c]menIm ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw

(ap-\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-Ifpw ap\n-kn-∏n¬ tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fpw) Npa-X-e-Iƒ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-]-

3.1. F¥mWv ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w?

3.2. tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv ˛ ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-a-ßƒ

3.3. Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Npa-X-eIƒ

3.4. A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw ˛ tIcfØnse khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

3.5. ]mtZ-inI k¿°mcpw ]mtZ-inI `c-W- hy-h-ÿbpw

3.6. tIc-f-Ønse ]mtZ-inI `c-W- kw-hn-[m\w

3.7. tIc-f-Ønse Xt±-ikzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ

3.8. k¿°m¿ ÿm]-\-ßfpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw

11

Imcw Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°pw \K-c]menIm ÿm]-\-ßƒ°pw Xmsg ]dbpw hn[w 3 hn`m-K-Øn-

ep≈ Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

i. A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-Iƒ

ii. s]mXp Npa-X-e-Iƒ

iii. hnI-k\ taJem Npa-X-e-Iƒ

A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-Isf s]mXpP\m-tcm-Ky-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h, s]mXp kuI-cy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-

s∏-´-h, BkvXn-I-fpsS kwc-£Whpambn _‘-s∏-´-h, ssek≥kp-Ifpw A\p-hm-Z-ß-fp-ambn _‘-

s∏-´h F∂n-ßs\ \membn hn`-Pn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tªm°v-˛-Pn√m ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v s]mXp Npa-X-e-Iƒ, hnI-k\taJem Npa-X-e-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\

c≠p hn`mKw Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

ta¬]-d™ aq∂v hn`mKw Npa-X-e-Iƒ°v ]pdsa tIµ-˛-kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Gev]n-°p∂ Npa-

X-e-Ifpw Xt±-i`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-®p-h-cp-∂p-.

3.4. A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw ˛ tIcfØnse khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw A[n-Imcw ]mtZ-inI cW

ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te°v ssIam-dp-∂-Xn\v `c-W-L-S\m hyh-ÿ- sNøp∂p. `c-W-L-S-\ hn`m-h\w sNbvX

]Im-cw A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em°nb GI kwÿm\w tIc-f-am-Wv.

D∂-X-ti-Wn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ (tIµw/kwÿm\w) A[n-Im-csØ IogvØ- n-te°v (]mtZ-

in-Iw) ssIam-dp-I-bmWv A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-Ww. A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS ]mtZ-inI c-

W-Iq-S-Øn\v kzbw -cW k¿°m-cmbn ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ kml-Ncyw D≠m-IWw. kzbw- -cW k¿°m-

cm-I-W-sa-¶n¬ Fs¥√mw thWw?

i) kzbw-`-c-Wm-h-Imiw

ii) hy‡-amb Npa-X-e-Iƒ

iii) hn`-h-tkm-X- p-Iƒ

iv) DtZym-K-ÿ-˛-ÿm]\ kwhn-[m\w

v) \nb-a-ßƒ, N´-ßƒ

Chsb√mw tIc-f-Ønse Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v \¬In-bn´p-≠v.

A[n-Imcw P\-ßƒ°v F∂-XmWv tIc-f-Ønse A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-W-Øns‚ apZm-hm-Iyw. A[n-

Imcw Xmsg-Ø-ń-te-°v ssIam-‰w sNø-s∏´p F∂p-am-X-a√ P\m-[n-]Xy XXz-ß-fne[n-jvTn-X-hpamWv

tIc-f-Ønse A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw. HºXmw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-bn¬ (1997-˛2002) P\-Io-bm-kq-X-

W-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv tIc-f-Øn¬ A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWw \S-∏n-em-°n-b-Xv. ]mtZ-in-Im-kq-X-W-Øn-

epw, \n¿∆-l-W-Ønepw tamWn‰dnw-Knepw P\-ßƒ°v ]mapJyw \¬Ip-I-bm-bn-cp∂p P\-Io-bm-kq-X-

W-Øn-eq-sS. P\m-[n-]Xy A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-cWØneqsS Nph-sS-∏-d-bp∂ kZv`-cW khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ km[y-am-Ipw.

i) kzbw -c-Wm-h-Imiw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø¬ (Autonomy)ii) `c-W-Øn¬ P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø¬ (Participation)iii) `c-W-Øn¬ kpXm-cyX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø¬ (Transparency)iv) Imcy-£-a-X-bp≈ cWw (Efficiency)v) P\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw \nd-th-‰¬ (Accountability)vi) F√m-h¿°pw Xpeyhpw ]£-]m-X-c-ln-X-hp-amb Ah-kcw (Equity)vii) P\m-`n-]m-b-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ]Xn-Ic-Wm-fl-IX (Responsivenes)viii) \nb-Xhpw \oXn-]q¿∆-hp-amb `cW ]Inb (Due Process)

tIcfØnse ]mtZ-inI c-W-kw-hn-[m\w1

12

3

3.5. ]mtZ-inI k¿°mcpw ]mtZ-inI `c-W- hy-h-ÿbpw

]mtZ-inI k¿°m¿ (Local Government) F∂m¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw B

k¿°m-cns‚ `mK-amb ÿm]-\-ßfpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw Kma-k-`bpw tN¿∂-XmWv. ]mtZ-inI `c-W-hy-

hÿ (Local Governance) F∂m¬ ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cn\v ]pdsa Ab¬Iq-´-ßƒ, hm¿UvX-e-Øn-

ep≈ hnhn[ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-X-e-Øn-ep≈ hnhn[ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, hnhn-[-ß-fmb P\-

Iob kan-Xn-Iƒ, k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, k∂≤ ]h¿Ø-I¿ XpSßn ]mtZ-inI `c-W-Øn¬

Dƒt®¿°m≥ Ign-bp∂ apgp-h≥ kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw tNcp-∂-XmWv.

3.6. tIc-f-Ønse ]mtZ-inI `c-W- kw-hn-[m\w

]mtZ-inI `cW

kwhn-[m\w

Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥A∏-te‰v

-Sn-_q-W¬Xnc-s™-Sp∏v

IΩo-j≥

kwÿm\ hnI-k\

Iu¨kn¬[\-Imcy IΩo-j≥

\K-c-]menI ÿm]-\-ßƒ

ap\n-kn-∏¬

Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ

ap\n-kn-∏¬

tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-Iƒ

XXne ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ

Kma-

]-©m-bØpIƒ

tªm°v

]©m-bØpIƒ

Pn√m

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ

Kma-k-`-Iƒhm¿Uv k`-Iƒ/hm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ

3.7. tIc-f-Ønse Xt±-ikzbw- -cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaw (1994) ]Imcw XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw (Km-a-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ,

tªm°v ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ, Pn√m ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ) tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \n-ba (1994) ]Imcw \K-

c]menIm ÿm]-\-ßfpw cq]o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p-≠v F∂v kqNn-∏n-®p-ht√m. 2010 se Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-

ß-fp-sS FÆw, hm¿Up-I-fpsS FÆw, AwK-kwJy F∂nh ]ńI 1 ¬ sImSp°p-∂p.

]ńI 1 : Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ (tI-c-fw)

Ia Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]\w Xt±-i-`-cW hm¿Up-I-fpsS AwK-kwJy (hm¿Up-Iƒ)

\º¿ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ FÆw (2010)

FÆw (2010) Ipd™ IqSnb

(2010) FÆw FÆw

1. Kma-]-©m-bØv 978 16680 13 23

2. tªm°v ]©m-bØv 152 2093 13 23

3. Pn√m ]©m-bØv 14 332 16 32

4. ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n 60 2216 26 52

5. ap\n-kn-∏¬ tIm¿∏-td-j≥ 5 359 55 100

BsI 1209 21680 - -

t_mIvkv 1 : ]mtZ-inI `c-W- kw-hn-[m\w

13

(i) P\-kw-Jysb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv hm¿Up-I-fpsS FÆw \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv (Np-a-Xe kwÿm\

k¿°m-cn-\v).

(ii) Hcp `c-W-k-an-Xn \ne-hn¬ h∂m¬ AXns‚ Imem-h[n°p≈n¬ hm¿Up-I-fpsStbm Xt±-i-`-

cW ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚tbm AXn¿Øn am‰w hcp-Øp-∂-X-√.

(iii) Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-f-S-ßp∂ IΩn-‰n-bn-emWv `cWm[n-Im-cw \n£n-]vX-am-

bncn°p∂Xv.

(iv) amk-Øn¬ Ipd-™Xv Hcp Xh-W-sb-¶nepw IΩn‰n tbmKw IqSWw.

(v) \nbahyh-ÿ-Iƒ°-\p-k-cn-®p≈ A[n-Imcw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m\pw Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰m\pw Xt±ikzbw-

`c-W ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°v hncp≤-amb Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-

°mt\m \S-∏n-em-°mt\m ]mSn-√. AXm-bXv kzbw- -c-Wm-h-Im-i-ap-≠v, ]c-am-[n-Im-c-an-√.

(vi) Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fn¬ \n∂v A≤y-£s\ (XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-Ifn¬ ]kn-

U‚ v/ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-I-fn¬ sNb¿t]gvk¨/ap\n-kn-∏¬ tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fn¬ tab¿) P\-]-Xn-

\n-[n-Iƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p.

(vii) A≤y-£-\m-Wv Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Imcy-\n¿∆-lW A[n-Im-c-ÿ≥ (No^v FIvkn-

Iyq-óhv AtXm-dn-‰n).

(viii) skI-´-dn-bmWv Imcy\n¿∆lW DtZym-K-ÿ≥

(ix) ÿm]-\-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ FIvkv Hôtjym skI-´-dn-am-cm-Wv.

(x) Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´ apgp-h≥ Npa-X-e-Ifpw (hm¿Uv hn`-P-\w, kwh-cW aWvU-e-ßfpw

ÿm\-ßfpw \n›-bn-°¬, AwK-ß-fpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v, A≤y£ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v, Ãm≥UnwKv

IΩn‰n Xncs™Sp∏v XpS-ßn-b-h) Xnc-s™-Sp∏v IΩo-j-\mWv \nd-th-‰p-∂Xv.

3.8. k¿°m¿ ÿm]-\-ßfpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw

A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn AXXv ]tZ-i-Øp≈ k¿°m¿ ÿm]-\-ßtfbpw Ah-

bnse DtZym-K-ÿ-tcbpw ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-Iƒ°v ssIam-dn-bn-´p-≠v. Irjn-`-h≥, arKm-ip-]-Xn,

Atem-∏-Xn-˛-B-bp¿t∆-Z-˛-tlm-antbm Bip-]-Xn-Iƒ, A¶-W-hm-Sn-Iƒ, k¿°m¿ ss]adn kvIqfp-Iƒ

XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw C∂v Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fp-tStbm \K-c]menIm ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tStbm \nb-¥-W-

Øn-ep≈hbm-Wv. Ch-bnse DtZym-K-ÿ-sc√mw _‘-s∏´ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-

Øn-ep≈ DtZym-K-ÿ-cm-Wv. CXp-t]mse tªm°v-˛-Pn-√m-˛]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°pw AXXv Xe-ß-fn-ep≈

ÿm]-\-ßfpw Ah-bnse DtZym-K-ÿ-tcbpw ssIam-dn-bn-´p-≠v.

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ hnj-b-ta-J-e-I-fn-ep≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ (DZm: Irjn, hnZym-

`ym-kw, BtcmKyw XpSßnbh) Cu ÿm]-\-ß-fn-eq-tSbpw DtZym-Kÿcneq-tS-bp-amWv \S-∏n-em-°p-

∂-Xv. Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]\w Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-tºmƒ \nb-a-]-chpw kmt¶-Xn-Ihpw kmºØnI-

hp-amb hnZKv[ D]-tZiw \¬tI-≠Xv Ch-bnse DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-Wv.

tIcfØnse ]mtZ-inI c-W-kw-hn-[m\w1

14

3

IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ, P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

4

4.1. Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\hpw

Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-ZnØØne-[n-jvTn-X-amWv tIc-f-Ønse ]mtZ-inI k¿°m¿ kwhn-[m-\w. Hcp hy‡n-

bn¬ A[n-Imcw tIµo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. ]©m-b-Øn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p-ff Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-

Xn\mbn Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssIs°m-f-fm-\p-ff A[n-Imcw `c-W-k-an-Xn-°m-Wv. ê]-Z-amb Xo-cp-am-\-

ßƒ ssIs°m-f-fp-∂-Xn\pw FSpØ Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS \n¿∆-lWw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n

hnhn[ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw hyhÿ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. CXn¬ \n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂-sX-

¥mWv? ]©m-b-Øn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xpw Ah \S-∏n-em-°p-∂Xpw H‰-°-√, Iq´m-bva-tbm-sS-bm-

Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]©m-bØv sNøp∂ F√m Imcyßƒ°pw Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-ZnØw Dd-∏m-°m≥

Ign-bWw. ]©m-b-Ønse hnhn[ IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v t\m°mw.

4.1. Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\hpw

4.2. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ (]-©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv, hIp∏v 162)

4.3. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fnse AwK-ßƒ

4.4. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Ifpw Ah ssIImcyw sNtø≠ hnj-b-ßfpw

(h-Ip∏v 162 F)

4.5. Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn‰n (h-Ip∏v 162 _n)

4.6. ]h¿Ø\IΩn-‰n-Iƒ (h-Ip∏v 163)

4.7. k∫v IΩn‰nIƒ (h-Ip∏v 164 (1)

4.8. hm¿Uv IΩn‰nIƒ (h-Ip∏v 164 (2))

4.9. tPmbn‚ v IΩn‰nIƒ (h-Ip∏v 165)

4.10. P\-Iob kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

15

4.2. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ (]-©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv, hIp∏v 162)

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v \nc-h[n Npa-X-e-I-fp-≠v. Ah-bn¬ H∂p-t]mepw hn´p-t]m-ImsX hnhn[ Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn-‰nIƒ°v \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. ]©m-bØv GXv hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®pw Hcp Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp°pw apºv

kq£va-ambpw hni-Z-ambpw A°mcyw ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠Xp≠v. Cu ]cn-tim-[\ AXmXv Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn‰n tbmK-Øn¬ \SØn, AhnsS Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØ tij-am-bn-cn-°Ww GsXmcp hnj-bhpw AP-

≠-bmbn `c-W-k-anXn tbmK-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv. ]©m-bØv FSp-°m\p-t±-in-°p∂ GsXmcp Xocp-am-

\hpw BZyw N¿® sNbvXv Xocp-am\n-°p∂ thZn GsX-¶n-ep-samcp Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-bmbncn-°-Ww.

am-X-a-√, ]©m-bØv Hcp hnjbw kw_-‘n®v FSpØ Xocp-am\w Imcy-£-a-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p∂p

F∂v Dd∏v hcp-tØ≠ Npa-X-ebpw _‘-s∏´ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-°p≠v.

4.3. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fnse AwK-ßƒ

Xnc-s™Sp-°-s∏´ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ amX-amWv Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fnse AwK-ßƒ. ]kn-U‚ v

Hgn-sI-bp-ff Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ F√m AwK-ßfpw GsX-¶n-ep-samcp Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ AwK-am-

Wv. F∂m¬ HcwKw H∂n¬ IqSp-X¬ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂Xpa-√. Hmtcm Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-

‰n-bnepw Hcp h\nXm AwKw \n¿_-‘-ambpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. F√m Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIƒ°pw, B

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nbnse AwK-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ \n∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp sNb¿t]-gvk¨ D≠m-bn-cn-

°pw. [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿t]gvk¨ sshkv]-kn-U‚ v Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ]©m-

bØv ]kn-U‚ v F√m Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fnepw thm´-h-Im-i-an-√mØ FIvkv Hôtjym AwK-am-Wv.

Hmtcm Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰nbpw hnfn-®p-tN¿°p-∂-Xn\pw tbmK-ß-fpsS lmP¿, an\nSvkv F∂nh tcJ-

s∏-SpØn kq£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn ]©m-bØv Hmô-knse Hmtcm DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v Hmôkv Hm¿U¿

hgn Npa-Xe \n›-bn®p \¬I-Ww. skI-´dn Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw thWw.

[\-Imcyw

hnI-k\w

hnZym-`ymkw

BtcmKyw

Ãnb-dnwKvv

IΩn-‰n-Iƒ

Kma-k`

Kma-k`/

k_v I-Ωn‰n

hm¿Uv

I-Ωn‰n

k_v

I-Ωn‰n

]h¿Ø\

I-Ωn‰n

]©m-bØvÃm‚nwKv

IΩn‰nIƒ

s]mXp-a-cm-aØv

(Pn√m-]-©m-b-Øp-

I-fn¬ amXw)

t£a-Imcyw

t_mIvkv 2 : ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnse P\-]-Xn-\n[n kwhn-[m-\hpw IΩn-‰n-Ifpw

IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ,

P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ1

16

4

4.4. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Ifpw Ah ssIImcyw sNtø≠ hnj-b-ßfpw (h-Ip∏v 162F)

]ńI 2 : Kma]©m-bØv Ãm‰nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ

Ia Ãm‚nwKv I-Ωn‰n ssIImcyw sNtø≠ hnj-b-ßƒ

\º¿

1. [\-Imcyw [\-Imcyw, \nIpXn, A°u-≠p-Iƒ,HmUn‰v, _P‰v, s]mXp`cWw, \nIpXn

A∏o¬, a‰v Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIƒ°v \¬-Inbn-ń√mØ Imcy-ßƒ.

2. hnI-k\w hnI-k\ Bkq-XWw, kmaq-lnIw, kmº-ØnImkq-XWw, πm\nwKv,

kvt]jy¬ Bkq-XWw,Irjn,aÆv kwc-£Ww, kmaqlyh\h¬°-cWw,

arK-kw-c-£Ww, £oc-hn-I-k\w, sNdpInS Pe-tk-N\w, a-’y-_-‘\w,

s]mXp-a-cm-aØv, sNdp-InS hyh-kmbw, ]m¿∏nS kuIcyw, sIńS \n¿Ωm-W-

ß-fpsS \nb-¥Ww, sshZypXn.

3. t£a-Imcyw ]ń-I-PmXn˛]ń-I-h¿§ hnI-k\w, kvXoI-fp-sSbpw Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw hnI-k\w,

kmaq-ly-t£aw, kmaq-ly-kpc-£m-]-h¿Ø\w, tNcn-]-cn-jvI-cWw, Zmcn-Zy-

\n¿Ωm¿÷\w, s]mXp-hn-X-cW kº-Zmbw.

4. Btcm-Kyhpw s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKyw, ipNo-I-cWw, ip≤-Pe hnX-cWw (Ip-Sn-sh-f-fw), Agp-

°p-Nm¬, ]cn-ÿnXn, Iebpw kwkvIm-chpw hnt\m-Zhpw, hnZym-`ymkw.

]ńI 3 : tªm°v ]©m-bØv Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ


\º¿

1. [\-Imcyw [\-Imcyw, A°u-≠pIƒ, HmUn‰v, _P‰v, s]mXp`cWw, a‰v Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn‰nIƒ°v \¬-Inbn-ń√mØ Imcy-ßƒ.

2. hnI-k\w hnI-k\ Bkq-XWw, kmaq-lnIhpw kmº-ØnIhpw, πm\nwKv, Irjn, a’y-

_-‘\w, arK-kw-c-£Ww, sNdp-InS Pe-tk-N\w, s]mXp-a-cm-aØv, ]m¿∏nS

kuIcyw, sshZypXn, \o¿adn ]cn-]m-e\w, sNdp-InShyh-kmbw.

3. t£a-Imcyw ]ń-I-PmXn˛]ń-I-h¿§ hnI-k\w, kvXoI-fp-sSbpw Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw hnI-k\w,

kmaq-ly-t£aw, Zmcn-Zy-\n¿Ωm¿÷\w, s]mXp-hn-X-cW kº-Zmbw.

4. Btcm-Kyhpw s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKyw, ]cn-ÿnXn, hnZym-`ymkw, Iebpw kwkvIm-chpw, hnt\m-

Zhpw.

hnZym-`ym-khpw

hnZym-`ym-khpw

17

]ńI 4 : Pn√m ]©m-bØv ˛ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ


\º¿

1. [\-Imcyw [\-Imcyw, A°u-≠p-Iƒ , HmUn‰v, _P‰v, s]mXp`cWw, a‰v Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn‰nIƒ°v \¬-ImØ Imcy-ßƒ.

2. hnI-k\w hnI-k\ Bkq-XWw, kmaq-lnIw ˛ kmº-ØnIw Bkq-XWw, Irjn, aÆv

kwc-£Ww, arK-kw-c-£-Ww, sNdp-InS Pe-tk-N\w, a’y-_-‘\w, sNdp-

InS hyh-kmbw, sshZypXn.

3. s]mXpa-cm-aØv s]mXp-a-cm-aØv, ]m¿∏nS hnI-k\w, kvt]jy¬ πm\nwKv, ]cn-ÿnXn.

4. Btcm-Kyhpw s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKyw, hnZym-`ymkw.

hnZym-`ym-khpw

5. t£a-Imcyw kmaq-ly-t£aw, kvXoI-fp-sSbpw Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw hnI-k\w, ]ń-I-PmXn˛]ń-

I-h¿§ hn-Ik\w, Zmcn-Zy-\n¿Ωm¿÷\w.

4.5. Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn‰n (h-Ip∏v ˛ 162 _n)

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIfpsS ]h¿Ø\ßsf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, GsX-¶nepw Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n

]h¿Ø\cln-X-am-Ip-tºmƒ AXn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\pw ]©m-bØv G¬∏n-®p-sIm-SpØ a‰v GsX-

¶nepw Npa-XeIƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bmWv Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn-‰n. ]kn-U‚pw Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n

sNb¿am-∑mcpw BWv Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn-‰nbnse AwK-ßƒ. Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn-‰n tbmK-ß-fn¬ skI-´dn

]s¶-Sp-°-Ww.

]©m-b-Øns‚ hnhn[ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]©m-b-Øp-Isf klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]h¿Ø\ IΩn-

‰n-Iƒ, k_vI-Ωn-‰nIƒ, hm¿Uv IΩn-‰nIƒ, tPmbn‚ v IΩn‰nIƒ F∂nh cq]o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

4.6. ]h¿Ø\IΩn-‰n-Iƒ (h-Ip∏v ˛ 163)

Irjn, ipNnXzw, hm¿Øm hn\nabw, s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKyw, hnZym`ymkw XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-fn¬

]©m-b-Øn\p ]h¿Ø\ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ cq]oI-cn°mw. ]©m-bØv

]kn-U‚pw, AwK-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ \n∂pw sXc-s™-SpØ

\men¬ Ihn-bmØ AwK-ßfpw, ]©m-bØp \ma-\n¿t±iw

sNøp∂ \men¬ Ihn-bmØ AwK-ßfpw (thm´-h-Imiw C√)

AS-ßp-∂-XmWv ]h¿Ø\ IΩn‰n.

4.7. k∫v IΩn‰nIƒ (h-Ip∏v 164 ˛ (1)

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-bp-sStbm, ]h¿Ø-\-I-Ωn‰n-bp-sStbm, GsX-

¶nepw ]Wntbm t]mPIvt‰m \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ klm-bn-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ kan-XnbmWv k_v IΩn‰n. ]©m-bØv `c-W-k-anXn

AwK-ßfpw ]©m-bØv \ma-\n¿t±iw sNø-p∂ AwK-ßfpw

(thm-´-h-Imiw C√) Cu IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.

1

18

4 IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ,

P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

4.8. hm¿Uv IΩn‰nIƒ (h-Ip∏v 164 (2))

Hmtcm hm¿Un-t‚bpw X\-Xmb Bh-iy-ßƒ ]Tn®v dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂-Xn\v cq]-h¬°-cn-°p∂

hm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ _‘-s∏´ hm¿Unse AwKhpw ]©m-bØv \ma-\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ Xt±i

hmkn-I-fp-w AwK-ß-fmbncn-°pw. hm¿Uv saº-dmWv Cu IΩn-‰n-bpsS A≤y-£≥.

4.9. tPmbn‚ v IΩn‰nIƒ (h-Ip∏v ˛ 165)

]©m-b-Øn\v Ht∂m AXn-e-[n-Itam Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn tN¿∂v Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-

ap≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-Øn-tebv°v, _‘-s∏´ ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v ]mXn-\n-[y-ap-≠mIpw

hn[w tPmbn‚ v IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn°mw. ]©m-bØv ap≥ssI FSptØm, k¿°m¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmsgm

BWv tPmbn‚ v IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv.

4.10. P\-Iob kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

P\m-[n-]Xy `cW hyh-ÿ-bn¬ P\-ßƒ°v hnizm-k-ap-≠m-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿°v `c-W-Øn¬

]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≠m-I-Ww. P\-ßƒ tIhew ]P-Itfm KpW-t`m-‡m-°tfm BI-cp-Xv. Xocp-am-\-ßƒ

FSp-°p-∂-Xnepw AXv \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xnepw \S-∏m-°nb Imcy-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-epw P\-ßƒ°v

]¶mfnI-fm-Im≥ Ign-bp-tºmƒ amXta P\m-[n-]Xyw ê-h-Øm-hp-I-bp-≈p.

P\-ß-tfbpw P\-Iob kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\-ß-tfbpw Dƒs°m≈p∂Xm-bn-cn-°Ww ]mtZ-inI

`cW hyhÿ F∂v t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®p-h-t√m. P\-ß-tfbpw P\-Iob kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\-ß-

tfbpw `c-W-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°-Ww.

Kma-k- -Iƒ, BIvSv ]Imcw kzbw cq]oIrXam-Ip∂ P\-Iob kwL-S\m kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv. ]Xy£

P\m-[n-]Xy thZn-bmbn Ahsb ]h¿Øn-∏nt°-≠-Xp-≠v. Kma-k`-Iƒ°v GXm-h-iy-Øn\pw k_vI-

Ωn‰nIƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]©m-b-Øns‚ F√m s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ssZ\w-Zn\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ ]©m-

b-Øns\ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn BIvSv ]Imcw Hmtcm Btcm-Ky-ÿm-]-\-Øn\pw Hcp amt\-PnwKv

IΩn-‰n- D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]kn-U‚ v Cu IΩn-‰n-bpsS sNb¿am-\pw Btcm-Ky- -hn-Zym- ymk Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn‰n sNb¿am≥ sshkvsN-b¿am\pw saUn-°¬

Hmô-k¿ I¨ho-\-dp-ambncn°pw.

k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw ]h¿Øn®p hcn-Ibpw sNøp∂ P\-Iob

kan-Xn-I-fmWv ]n.-Sn.-F.Iƒ, ]mS-ti-Jc kan-Xn-Iƒ,

A¶WhmSn sh¬s^-b¿ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, IpSpw-_io

Ab¬°q-´ -ßfpw, F. -Un. -F-kv .Ifpw, kn. -

Un.Fkv.Ifpw, KpW-t`m‡r kan-Xn-Iƒ, sS≠¿

]h¿Øn-Iƒ°p≈ tamWn-‰-dnwKv kan-Xn-Iƒ,

]≤Xn Bkq-X-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-

Iƒ, ]≤Xn tamWn-‰-dnw-Kn-\m-bp≈ tamWn-‰-dnwKv

kan-Xn-Iƒ, h\-kw-c-£W kan-Xn-Iƒ, Ct°m

19

Uh-e-∏vsa‚ v skmssk-‰n-Iƒ, hm¿UvXe Btcm-Ky-˛-ip-Nn-Xz-˛-t]m-jW kan-Xn-Iƒ, PmKX kan-Xn-

Iƒ apX-em-bh ta¬∏-d™hsb√mw ]mtZ-inI c-W-˛-hn-I-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥

]tXyIw i≤n-t°-≠-XmWv.

ta¬]-d-™h IqSmsX dkn-U‚ vkv At m-kn-tb-j-\p-Iƒ, ¢∫p-Iƒ, hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ, bph-P\

sXmgnem-fn-˛-I¿j-I-˛-k¿∆o-kv-˛-s]≥j-t\gvkv kwL-S-\-Iƒ, a‰v k¿°m¿ CXc kwL-S\Iƒ apX-

em-b-h-sbbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-IWw ]mtZ-inI `cW kwhn-[m-\w. F¶n¬ amXta kpXm-cyhpw

Imcy-£-ahpw P\-]-¶m-fnØ ]q¿Æ-amb ]mtZ-inI `cWw km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p.

1

20

4 IΩn‰n kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ,

P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw

5

5.1. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ

5.2. ]kn-U‚ns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØ-ß-fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

5.3. sshkv ]-kn-U‚ns‚ A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

5.4. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿ams‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

5.5. ]©m-bØv AwK-ßfpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øßfpw

5.6. DtZym-K-ÿcpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w

1 ]©m-bØv cmP BIvSv, A≤ymbw XIV ¬ \n∂pw IqSp-X¬ hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

5.1. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ1

P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿ-bn¬ c-W-]-chpw \b-]-c-hp-amb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSpt°≠Xpw FSpØ Xocp-

am-\ßƒ DtZym-Kÿ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-∂p-d-∏m-t°-≠Xpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-

I-fm-W-t√m. ]©m-bØvcmPv kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ P\-]-Xn-\n[n-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv? Hcp P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-°v, P\-]-Xn-\n[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xs∂ hyXykvX tdmfp-Iƒ

hln-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, hm¿Uv saº¿ F∂ Npa-Xe hln-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ GsX-

¶nepw Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am-\mImw As√¶n¬ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n saº-dm-Imw, h¿°nwKv Kq∏v

sNb¿am-\m-Imw, saº-dm-Imw. Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw `cW kanXn AwK-am-Wv. Hmtcm ÿm\-Øn\pw AXn-

\-\p-k-cn®p≈ ]tXyI Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

5.2. ]kn-U‚ns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØ-ß-fpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

* ]©m-b-Øns‚ Imcy\n¿∆-l-Wm-[n-Imcn

* ]©m-bØv tbmKßƒ hnfn®v tN¿°p-I.

* ]©m-b-Øn-s‚bpw Kma-k`bp-tSbpw tbmK-Øn¬ A[y-£X

hln-°p-I, \nb¥n-°p-I.

* ]©m-b-Øn-tebpw LS-I-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-tebpw DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS

]h¿Ø\-ßƒ°v s]mXp ta¬t\m´w hln-°p-I, Ahsc \nb-

¥n-°p-I, Ah-cqsS tIm¨^nU≥jy¬ dn-t∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°p-I.

* ]©m-b-Øns‚ ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ A[n-Ir-X-am-°p-I.

* ]©m-bØv tbmK-ß-fn¬ DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS lmP¿ Dd-∏m-°pI.

21

* skI-´-dn, Kk-‰Uv DtZymKÿ¿ F∂n-h¿ Hgn-sI-bp≈ Po-h-\-°m-cpsS t]cn¬ IrXy-hn-tem-

]-Ønt\m, \nb-am-\p-kr-X-amb \n¿t±-iß-fpsS ewL-\-Ønt\m Dff in£m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-

cnt°≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂v kkvs]‚ v sNøp-I.

* ^b-ep-Ifpw dn°m¿Up-Ifpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I, ^b-ep-Ifnepw dn°m¿Up-Ifnepw Bhiy-amb

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ/DØ-c-hp-Iƒ tcJmaqew \¬Ip-I. (F∂m¬ skI- -dn-bntem GsX-¶nepw DtZym-

K-ÿ-\ntem amXw \n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p≈ Ãm‰yq-´dn A[n-Im-cßƒ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ ^b-ep-Itfm dn°m¿Up-Itfm Bh-iy-s∏-Sm≥ ]mSn√)

* X-]m-ep-Iƒ bYm-k-abw ]cn-tim-[n®v \n¿t±iw \¬Ip-I.

* \n-›n-X-]-cn[nbn¬ Ihn-bm-sX-bpf-f- I-≠nP≥kn sNe-hp-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xn\v A\paXn \¬IpI.

* GsX-¶nepw Imc-W-h-im¬ hm¿Uv sa-º¿°v Kma-k` hnfn®p Iq´p-∂-Xn\v IgnbmsX h∂m¬

sXm´-SpØ hm¿Uv saºsd I¨ho-\-dmbn NpaX-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

* saº¿am-cpsS tNmZy-ßƒ°pw ]ta-b-ßƒ°pw A\p-aXn \¬Ip-I.

* tbmK-k-a-bØv Ia-]-iv\-ß-fn¬ Xocp-am\sa-Sp-°p-I.

* Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pI. (thm´-h-Imi-an-√)

* skI-´dn ka¿∏n-°p-∂ an\n‰vkv ]cn-tim-[n®v 24 aWn-°q-dn-\Iw AwKo-Imcw \¬IpI.

* _P‰v Ah-X-c-W-tbm-K-Øn¬ BapJ ]kwKw \S-Øp-I.

* Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn‰n, ]h¿Ø\ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, tPmbn‚ v IΩn-‰n-Iƒ F∂nh hnfn®ptN¿°p-I,

A≤y£X hln°pI.

* D]-Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ AwK-Øns\bpw, s]mXp Xncs™Sp∏n¬ bYm-

kabw ]Xn⁄sbSp-°m≥ Ign-bmsX h∂ AwK-Øn-s\bpw kXy-]-XnPvR sNøn°p-I.

* hm¿jn-I -[-\-Im-cy- tÃ‰vsa‚ v Pqsse 31˛\Iw tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn-‰v A[nImcnIƒ°v

Ab®p sImSp-°p-I.

* s]¿-t^m¿a≥kv HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v ]©mbØns‚ ASpØ tbmK-Øn¬ ka¿∏n°p-I.

* Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂]£w ]©m-bØv tbmK-Øn¬ ImÃnwKv thm´v tcJ-s∏SpØpI.

* Bh-iy-amb kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ hnt√Pv Hmô-k¿amsc ]©m-bØv tbmK-Øn¬ hnfn®p hcp-

ØpI.

* Jc˛-Z-h-am-en-\y-ßƒ bYm-k-abw \o°w-sN-øp∂Xn\v skI-´dn°v \n¿t±iw \¬IpI.

* sshkv ]-kn-U‚ v, Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am≥am¿, AwKßƒ F∂n-hcpsS bmXm-∏Sn _n√p-

Iƒ ]m m°p-I.

* A\m-Y-t]-X-ßƒ adhp sNøp-∂-Xn\pth≠n ]Ww sNe-h-gn-°p∂-Xn\v skI´dn°v A\p-

aXn \¬Ip-I.

* Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ, Cd-®n-°-S-Iƒ, s]mXpam¿°-‰p-Iƒ, kzIm-cy am¿°-‰p-Iƒ F∂nh ]cn-tim-

[n-°p∂-Xn\pw Ip‰-ßƒ cmPn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\pw skI´-dn°v A\p-aXn \¬IpI.

* acm-aØp ]Wn-Iƒ sS≠¿ sNøp-∂-Xn-\pw Icm-dn-te¿s∏-Sp∂Xn\pw skI-´-dn°v \n¿tZiw

\¬Ip-I.


DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw1

22

5

* ]©m-bØv ]m m-°nb Hcp ]tabw \nb-am-\p-kr-X-a-s√t∂m ]©m-b-Øns‚ A[n-Im-cØn¬

Ihn-™-Xm-sWt∂m \S-∏n-em-°n-bm¬ a\p-jys‚ Poh-t\tbm Btcm-Ky-tØtbm s]mXp-P-\-

c-£-tbtbm A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øn-tb-°p-sat∂m Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ B kwKXn DS≥ k¿°m-

cn\p d^¿ sNøp-I.

5.3. sshkv ]-kn-U‚ns‚ A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

* [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv I-Ωn-‰n sNb¿am≥ F∂ \ne-bv°p-ff Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆ln°¬

* ]kn-U-‚ns‚ A`m-h-Øntem 15 Znh-k-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]kn-U‚n\v At±-l-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-

Iƒ \nd-th-‰m≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-tºmtgm ]kn-U‚ns‚ F√m A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

sshkv ]-kn-U‚mWv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

5.4. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿ams‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

* Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ßƒ hnfn®v Iq´p-I, A[y-£-X -h-ln-°p-I

* Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am-\p≈ tNmZy-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn \¬Ip-I.

* Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-Ønse AP-≠-Iƒ°v Ipdn∏v Xøm-

dm°n \¬Ip-I.

* Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n°v th≠n _‘-s∏´ b-ep-I-fn¬ A`n-

]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpI.

* ]kn-U‚ns‚bpw, sshkv]-kn-U-‚n-s‚bpw ÿm\-ßƒ

Hgn-hm-bn-°n-S-∂m¬ ]kn-U‚ns‚ NpaXe Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-

‰nIa-Øn¬ (hnI-k\w, t£a-Im-cyw, BtcmKy˛ -hn-Zym-

`ymkw F∂ Ia-Øn¬) hln-°pI.

* h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v t\XrXzw

\¬Ip-I, ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ GtIm-]n-°pI.

5.5. ]©m-bØv AwK-ßfpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-

Zn-Øßfpw

* ]©m-bØv tbmK-ß-fn¬ IrXy-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p-I, A`n-

]m-b-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-SpØpI

* ]kn-U‚ v A\p-h-Zn® AP-≠ -]-Imcw ]ta-b-ßƒ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-I.

* tNmZy-ßfpw ]ta-b-ßfpw ]kn-U‚n\p ap≥Iqń

\¬IpI.

* ]©mbØv tbmK-ß-fn¬ thms´-Sp∏v Bh-iy-ambn hcptºmƒ thm´p sNøp-I.

* ]©m-bØv ]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßfpw, s]mXp ]m[m-\y-ap≈ Imcyßfpw ]©m-

b-Øns‚ i≤-bn¬ sIm≠phcn-I.

-* Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pI.

* Kma-k`-bpsS I¨ho-\-sd∂ \nebv°v Hmtcm aq∂p amkw IqSptºmgpw Kmak` hnfn®p

Iq´pI.

23

* ]kn-U‚ns‚bpw, sshkv]-kn-U-‚n-s‚bpw A`m-h-Øn¬ Kma-k-`-bpsS A[y-£-\m-hpI

* ]©m-b-Øns‚ A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-Ifpw, s]mXp Npa-X-e-Ifpw taJ-em-Np-a-X-eIfpw \n¿∆-ln-

°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p-I.

* `cW\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ Iq´m-b -]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-I.

* kzØphnh-chpw Xnc-s™-Sp-∏pIW-°p-Ifpw bYm-k-abw \¬Ip-I.

* cmPn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff Ah-Imiw

* h¿°nwKv Kq∏v sNb¿am≥/AwKw F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]≤Xn Bkq-XW˛\n¿∆lW˛tamWn-‰-

dnwKv ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb ]¶p hln-°p-I.

* ]©m-b-Øns‚ _P‰v i≤m-]q¿∆w ]Tn-°p-Ibpw hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-

ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

* IpSpw-_io Ab¬°q´w, F.Un.Fkv., kn.Un.Fkv. F∂nh-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ klm-

bn-°pI. F.-Un.-Fkv. c-£m-[n-Im-cn-bmbn ]-h¿Øn-°p-I.

* sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-bpsS hm¿UvXe tImUo-I-cW kwL-Øns‚ sNb¿am≥, hm¿UvXe

km£-cXm IΩn‰n I¨ho-\¿, IShv IΩn‰n AwKw, A¶-W-hm-Sn-I-fnse sh¬s^-b¿ IΩn‰n

sNb¿am≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-I.

* Imcytijn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff ]cn-io-e\]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pI.

5.6. DtZym-K-ÿcpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w2

]©m-bØv `c-W-Øn¬ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw ]c-kv]c ]qc-I-am-bmWt√m ]h¿Øn-

t°-≠-Xv. c≠p hn`m-K-Øn\pw P\-ß-tfmSv Htct]mse DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ sa®-

s∏´ cWw ImgvN shbv°p-∂-Xn\v Ccp-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚bpw Iq´m-bva-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-ff ]h¿Ø\w A\n-

hm-cy-am-Wv. Iq´m-bva-bn-√mØn-SØv kulr-Z-_‘w D≠m-Ins√∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn√. Fßs\-bmWv Iq´m-

bvabpw kulr-Z_‘hpw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I?

`c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ P\-ß-tfm-Sp-ff ISa \n¿∆ln-°-W-sa-¶n¬ DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS

Bflm¿∞-amb kl-I-cWw IqSntb Ignbq F∂v P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ°v t_m[yw thWw. ]©m-

bØv Hcp ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cm-sW∂pw Ahn-SpsØ P\-]-Xn-\n[n kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-

Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cmWv Xß-sf∂pw DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw [mcW thWw. C°mcyw ]c-kv]cw

AwKo-I-cn-°m-\p-ff Hcp am\knIm-hÿ

c≠p hn`m-K-Øn\pw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

P\-]-Xn-\n[n kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ \nb-

¥-Wm -[n -Im -csØ DtZym -K -ÿ¿

Dƒs°m-f-f-Ww. AXp-t]mse DtZym-K-

ÿ-cpsS s]m^-j-W¬ sshZ-Kv≤y-

sØbpw \n-b-am-\p-krX \n¿t±-i-ß-

sfbpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-

t°≠Xp-ap-≠v. DtZym-K-ÿ-cn¬ amXw

\n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p≈ Ãm‰yq-´dn A[n-Im-

c-ß-fn¬ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ CS-s]-Sm≥

]mSn-√. CsX√mw shdpw D]-tZ-i-ßƒ

amX-amtWm? ]men-°-s∏-tS-≠ D]-tZ-i-

2 2007 tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (Xn-c-s™-Sp-°s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw XΩn-ep≈ sXmgn¬]c-ambn _‘hpw

s]cp-am‰hpw) N´ßƒ

1

24



ßƒ Xs∂. DtZym-Kÿ˛P\-]-Xn-\n[n _‘w kw_-‘n® \nb-a-ß-fnepw 2007 se tIcf ]©m-

bØv cmPv (Xn-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw XΩn-ep≈ sXmgn¬]-c-amb _‘hpw

s]cp-am-‰-hpw) N -ßfnepw C°m-cy-ßƒ hy-hÿ sNbvXn- p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ ][m-\-s∏- h NphsS sImSp-

°p-∂p.

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw Ah-cn¬ \n£n-]vX-amb I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-

Xn¬ kulm¿±-]-c-amb kl-h¿ØnXzw ]pe¿Ø-Ww.

Ah-c-h-cpsS \nb-am-[n-jvTnX ]cn-[n-Iƒ ewLn-°-cp-Xv.

P-\-]-Xn-\n[n tcJm-aqew \¬Ip∂ \nb-am-\p-krX \n¿t±-i-ßƒ ]men°phm≥ DtZym-K-ÿ≥

_m-≤y-ÿ-\m-Wv.

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ HutZym-KnI tcJ-Iƒ \nb-a-]-c-ambn XS sam∂pw Cs√-

¶n¬ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ \¬Im≥ _m≤y-ÿ-\m-Wv.

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-tºmƒ D-tZym-K-ÿ-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ßƒ°v A¿l-

amb ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ \¬tI-≠-Xp≠v. sX‰mb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ aqew D≠m-Ip∂ IjvS\jvS-

ßƒ°v _‘-s∏´ P\]-Xn-\n[n°pw DtZym-K-ÿ\pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øap-≠v, kmº-ØnI _m[y-

X-bp-ap-≠v.

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Adnhpw A\p-`hkºØpw ]tbm-P\s∏-Sp-Øp-I, Ah-cpsS sXmgn¬]-c-

amb Ah-Im-ihpw kzmX-¥yhpw am\n-°p-I.

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ IrXy-ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \n¿`-b-ambpw Ahn-lnX CS-s]-S-

ep-Iƒ IqSm-sXbpw \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ Ahsc A\p-h-Zn-°p-I. Ah-cn¬ amXw ]-tXyIw \n£n-

]vX-amb Npa-X-e-I-fn¬ P\-]Xn\n[n-Iƒ CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I.

hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v FXntcm AXo-X-tam, kzP-\-]-£-]m-X-]-c-tam, Ag-na-Xn°v CSw \¬Ip-∂-

tXm, kXy-Øn\v hncp-≤tam, kwip≤ `cW Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\v \nc-°m-ØtXm Bb ]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fn¬ P\-]-Xn-\n-[ntbm DtZym-K-ÿt\m G¿s∏-Sm≥ ]mSn-√. AXn-\mbn ]c-kv]cw kzm[o-

\n-°p-hmt\m t]cn-∏n-°p-hmt\m ]mSn-√. kzm[o\n°p-Itbm t]cn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬

hg-ßm≥ ]mSn-√.

]c-kv]cw am\y-X ]pe¿Øp-I, ]cp-j-amb `mjbpw BwKyhpw ]hrØn-Ifpw Ccp-Iq-ćpw

]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn Hgn-hm-°p-I.

Hcp DtZymÿt\mSv tbmK-Øn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-hm-≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ DØ-c-hm-

ZnØ-tØmsS tbmK-Øn¬ lmP-cmIpI.

DtZym-K-ÿ¿ tbmK-Øn¬ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ A`n-]m-bßƒ N¿®-I-fpsS an\n‰vkn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-

ØpI.

P\-]Xn\n[n-I-fp-sSbpw DtZym-K-ÿcpsSbpw s]cp-am-‰-ßƒ Fßns\bmbn-cn-°-W-sa∂v hy‡-am-

b-t√m. F∂m¬ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Xs‚ Npa-X-e-I-fn¬ hogvN hcp-Øn-bm¬ ]©m-b-Øn\v F¥v \S-

]SnbmWv kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpI? P-\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ DtZym-K-ÿ-tcmSv tami-ambn s]cp-am-dn-bm¬

F¥p sNøpw?

]©m-b-Øn-te°v ssIam-dn-bn- p-ff ÿm]-\-ß-fnse apgp-h≥ DtZym-Kÿcpw ]©m-b-Ønse DtZym-

K-ÿcpw ]©m-b-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep-f-f-h-cm-Wv. ]©m-b-Øns‚ \nb-am\pkr-X-amb \n¿t±-i-

ßƒ ]men-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ _m≤y-ÿ-cm-Wv.

25

skI-´-dnbpw Kk-‰Uv DtZym-K-ÿcpw Hgn-sI-bp-ff GXv DtZym-K-ÿ-t\bpw HutZym-KnI IrXy-

\n¿∆-l-W-Øn-¬ hogvN hcp-Øn-bm¬ ]-kn-U‚n\v Xs∂ kkvs]‚ v sNømw. kkvs]≥j≥

sXm´SpØp IqSp∂ ]©m-bØv tbmK-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®n-cn-°-Ww.

CXp IqSm-sX, DtZym-K-ÿ¿ (sk-I-´-dnbpw Kk-‰Uv DtZym-K-ÿcpw Dƒs∏-sS) Ah-cpsS Npa-X-e-

I-fn¬ hogvN hcp-Øn-bm¬ Ahsc tbmK-Øn-te°v hnfn®p hcp-Øp-∂n\pw imkn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]©m-

b-Øn\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. tIcfm kn-hn¬ k¿∆okv ¢m n-^n-t°-j≥ I¨tSmƒ B‚ v A∏o¬ dqƒkv

]Im-c-ap-ff \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm°n sk≥jz¿, ss^≥, C≥In-sa‚ v/DtZym-K-I-b‰w F∂nh Xmev°m-

en-I-ambn XS-™psh-bv°¬ F∂o in-£-Ifpw ]©m-b-Øn\v \¬Imw.

ta¬∏d-™-h-sb√mw eLp-in-£-I-fm-Wv. eLp-in-£-Iƒ \¬Imt\ ]©m-b-Øn\v A[n-Im-c-ap-

≈q. IqSnb in£ \¬tI≠ Kpcp-X-c-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ°v in£m \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-t°-≠Xv DtZym-K-

ÿs‚ amXr-h-Ip-∏m-Wv. IqSnb in£ \¬tI≠ kml-N-cy-ap-≠m-bm-¬ DtZym-K-ÿs‚ amXrhIp-∏n-

t\mSv in£m-\-S]Sn kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]©m-b-Øn\v Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

DtZym-K-ÿ-tcmSv P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ tami-ambn s]cp-am-dn-bm¬ Ah¿°v Hmw_p-Uvkvam-\n¬ ]cm-

Xn-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥, ]cmXn ]cn-K-Wn-®-tijw AXn-t∑-ep≈ dnt∏m¿´v DNn-X-amb

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ°mbn k¿°m-cn-\v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-XmWv.

1

26



Kma-k- bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw

6

6.1. Kma-k` F∂m-se¥v?

`c-W-L-S\ AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p≈ P\-ß-fpsS thZn-bmWv Kma-k-`-/hm¿Uvk-`-. tIcf ]©m-bØv

cmPv \nbaw Kma-k-`-Iƒ°v hn]p-e-amb A[n-Imcm-hIm-i-ßƒ hyhÿ sNøp-∂p. Hcp ]©m-b-

Øns‚ Hmtcm \ntbm-PI aWvUehpw Hcp hm¿Uv B-Wv. Hmtcm \ntbm-PI aWvU-e-Øn-tebpw

(hm¿Uv) thm´¿ ]ń-I-bn¬ t]cp≈ F√m-hcpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-XmWv Kma-k`.

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-

Ønse hIp∏v 3, 3F, 3_n F∂nh

bYm-Iaw Kma-k`-bpsS LS-\,

A[n-Im-c-ßƒ, DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ

F∂nh hni-Z-am-°p-∂p.

6.2. Kma-k - saº¿ BcmWv?

]©m-b-Ønse Hcp hm¿Unse

thm´¿ B hm¿Unse Kma-k`m

saº-dm -Wv . AXm-bXv Hcp

hm¿Unse thm´¿]-ń -I -bn¬

t]cp≈ F√m Bfp -Ifpw B

hm¿Unse Kma-k`m saº¿am-

cmWv.

6.1. Kma-k` F∂m-se¥v?

6.2. Kma-k`- saº¿ BcmWv?

6.3. Kma-k-`- kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠Xv BcmWv?

6.4. BcmWv Kma-k` tbmK-Øn¬ A≤y£X hln-t°-≠Xvv?

6.5. Kma-k` tbmK-ßƒ

6.6. Kma-k` kwLm-S\w

6.7. ][m\ AP-≠-Iƒ

6.8. tNmZy-ßƒ, \n¿t±-i-ßƒ, ]ta-b-ßƒ

6.9. Kma-k-` tbmKhpw saº-dpsS Atbm-Ky-Xbpw

6.10. Kma-k-`-bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ, Npa-X-e-Iƒ2

27

6.3. Kma-k- - kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠Xv BcmWv?

Kma-k` kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠Xv I¨ho-\dm-Wv. hm¿Uv sa-ºdmWv Kma-k- bp-sS I¨ho-\¿. F∂m¬

Hcp I¨ho-\¿°v Xs‚ IS-a-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kml-Ncyw h∂m¬ Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]-

\-Øns‚ A≤y£\v, sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp hm¿Unse saºsd B hm¿Unse Kma-k-`-bpsS I¨ho-

\-dmbn Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØm-hp-∂-XmWv.

6.4. BcmWv Kma-k`mtbmK-Øn¬ A≤y£X hln-t°-≠Xvv?

Kma-k` tbmK-Øn¬ Kma-]-©m-bØv ]kn-U‚ v BWv A≤y-£X hln-t°-≠-Xv. ]kn-U-‚ns‚

Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ sshkv ]kn-Ut≥m c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\tdm A≤y£X

hln-°-Ww.

6.5. Kma-k` tbmK-ßƒ1

• Ipd™Xv aq∂p- am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°-se-¶nepw \n›-bn-°p∂ ÿeØv Kma-k`m tbmKw tNcWw.

• Hmtcm Kma-k` tbmK-Ønepw N¿® sNtø≠ AP-≠, ]kn-U-‚p-ambn IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®v skI-

´dn Xøm-dm-°-Ww.

• tbmK-ßƒ hnfn®v tN¿t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw I¨ho-\¿ IqSn-bmb hm¿Uv saº-dn¬ \n£n-

]vX-am-Wv.

• Kma-k- -bn¬ AwK-ß-fm-bn- p≈ apgp-h≥ t]¿°pw tbmK Adn-bn∏v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. tbmK Adn-

bn-∏n¬ tbmK-ÿ-ew, Xnø-Xn, ka-bw, AP≠ F∂nh D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX ]kvXpX

tbmK-Øn-te°v Kma-k` Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]tZ-isØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂ tªm°v - - Pn√m ]©m-

bØv saº¿am-tcbpw Fw.-F¬.-F, Fw.-]n. F∂n-h-tcbpw I¨ho\¿ £Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• cmhnse 8 \pw sshIo´v 6 \pw at≤y-bmWv Kma-k` tbmKw tNtc-≠Xv

• Kma-k-`-bpsS Izmdw BsI thm´¿am-cpsS 10 iX-am\w BWv. F∂m¬ Izmdw XnI-bmsX am‰n

sh®v ho≠pw tNcp-tºmƒ A]-Im-c-ap≈ tbmK-Øns‚ Izmdw 50 t]cm-Wv.

• Hcp hm¿Unse thm´¿am-cn¬ 10 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Ipd-bmØ FÆw thm´¿am¿ tcJm-aqew Bh-iy-

s∏- m¬ Kma-k- -bpsS Hcp ]tXyI tbmKw 15 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw I¨ho-\¿ hnfn®v Iqt -≠-XmWv.

• ]kn-U‚ v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Xt±-i`c-W-ÿm-]\ Hmôkn-tebpw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-

\-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ a‰v ÿm]-\-ß-fn-tebpw GsXmcp DtZymK-ÿ-\pw Kma-k`-bpsS

tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-XmWv

6.6. Kma-k`m kwLm-S\w

• Kma-]-©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Kma-k -bpsS tIm -Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bpambn _‘-s∏´ F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw I¨ho-\sd tIm˛-Hm¿Un-

t\-‰¿ klm-bn-t°-≠-XmWv.

• thm´¿am¿°v an\n-‰vkn¬ H∏n-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]I¿∏v Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. an\n‰vkv, Xocp-am-

\-ßƒ F∂nh tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Npa-Xe tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿°m-Wv. an\n-‰vkv, Xocp-am-\-ßƒ,

_‘-s∏´ a‰v tcJ-Iƒ F∂nh tbmK-Øns‚ ]nt‰ Znhkw tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ ]©m-bØv

skI-´-dnsb Gev]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• Kma-k`m tbmK-Øns‚ an\n‰vkpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw tbmK-ÿ-eØv sh®v Xs∂ FgpXn ]q¿Øo-

I-cn-t°-≠Xpw Xocp-am-\-ßƒ tbmKm-h-km\w AwK-ßsf hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

1 1995se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (Kma-k-`-bpsS tbmKw hnfn®p Iq´p-∂-Xn\pw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ \S-]Sn) N´-ßƒ

Kma-k- bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ Npa-X-e-Iƒ-1

28

6

• Kma-k`m \S-Øn∏v Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n hm¿Un¬ \n∂pw s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿amsc

Is≠Øn Npa-Xe \¬tI≠-Xm-Wv. hnj-bm-h-X-cWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Kq∏v N¿®-Iƒ°v t\XrXzw

\¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw kwLm-S-\-Øn\pw Ch-cpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

• Kma-kÌƒ°v GsX-¶nepw ]≤-Xntbm Xocp-am-\tam s]mXp-hmtbm ]tXy-I-amtbm \S-∏m-°p-

∂-Xn\mbn AXns\ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-te°pw AXns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw \nd-th‰p-

∂-Xn-te°pambn 10 ¬ Ipd-bmØ AwK-ß-fp≈ Hcp k_vI-Ω‰n cq]o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Kma-k`m tbmK-ßƒ Imcy-£-a-ambpw ê-]-Z-ambpw Nn´-bmbpw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂

Imcy-ßƒ i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• hm¿UvX-e-Øn¬ Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw kwLm-S-I-k-anXn cq]o-I-cn®v ]Nm-c-W˛kwLm-S-\- ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ \S-Ø-Ww.

• tbmK-Øns‚ Ggv Znhkw apsº-¶nepw hoSp-I-fn¬ t\mókv \¬In H∏n´v hmß-Ww. t\mó-

kn¬ C\w Xncn®p≈ AP≠ ImWn-®n-cn-°-Ww.

• km[y-am-Ip∂ F√m coXn-I-fnepw ]-Nm-cWw \S-Ø-Ww ˛ kvIzmUv, _m\¿, t\mó-kv, t]mÃ¿,

kvIqƒ Akwªn, A\u¨kvsa‚ v apX-em-b-h.

6.7. ][m\ AP-≠-Iƒ

• h¿jm-cw`-Øn¬ tNcp∂ BZy- Kmak-`-bn¬ hm¿jnI IW-°p-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw ]©m-b-

Øns‚ `cW dnt∏m¿´pw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

• ]≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Kma-k-`-bn¬ ap≥h¿j ]≤Xn Ah-tem-I\w, t]mP-IvSp-

I-fpsS hc-hv-˛-sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw Xøm-dm-°m≥ t]mIp∂ ]≤-Xn-bpsS ^≠v hni-

Zmw-i-ßfpw t]mPIvSv hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw \¬I-Ww.

• KpW-t`m-‡m-°sf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\mbn tNcp∂ Kma-k -bn¬ KpW-t`m‡r Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈

A¿l-Xm-˛-ap≥K-W\m am\-Z-fi-ßfpw At]-£-Isc kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßfpw \¬I-Ww.

• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Kma-k`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿® sNø-Ww.

6.8. tNmZy-ßƒ, \n¿t±-i-ßƒ, ]ta-b-ßƒ

• Kma-k-`bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ tNmZy-ßƒ, \n¿t±-i-ßƒ F∂nh tbmK-Øn\v aptºm tbmKw

\S-°p-tºmtgm FgpXn ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ AwK-ßƒ°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

• Kma-k-`-bpsS A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬s∏´ GXp ]iv\-sØ-°pdn®pw -AXns‚ tbmK-Øn¬ `qcn-

]£ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]tabw ]m m-°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bpsS ip]m¿i-Iƒ°pw \n¿t±-

i-ßƒ°pw Kma, tªm°v, Pn√m ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ A¿l-amb ]cn-K-W\ \¬tI≠-Xm-Wv.

6.9. Kma-k- m tbmKhpw saº-dpsS Atbm-Ky-Xbpw

Kma-k-`-bpsS tbmKw aq∂v -am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ hnfn-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xn¬ aq∂p XhW XpS¿®-bmbn

hogvN- h-cp-Øn-bm¬ B hm¿Uv saº-dpsS ÿm\w \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

6.10. Kma-k- -bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ, Npa-X-e-Iƒ2

(i) ]≤Xn Bkq-X-Ww, \n¿∆-lWw, hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- h

• hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS \n¿t±-i-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°p-hm\pw t]mP-Iv‰p-I-fpsS ap≥K-W\ \n›bn-

°p-hm\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

2 1994 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv, A≤ymbw c≠v Ine ]kn-≤o-I-cn® Kma-k` F∂ ssI]p-kvX-Iw 29

Kma-k- bpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ Npa-X-e-Iƒ-1

30

6

• \S-∏m-°p∂ hnI-k-\- -tk-h-\- -t£a ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm\pw hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm\pw Imcy-

£-aX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

(ii) s]mXp kuI-cy-ßfp-ambn _‘-s∏- h

• sXcphv hnf-°p-Iƒ, s]mXp hm´¿ Sm∏p-Iƒ, s]mXp InW-dp-Iƒ, s]mXp Ipf-ßƒ, s]mXp

km\n-t‰-j≥ bqWn-‰p-Iƒ, s]mXp Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cy-ßƒ, a‰v s]mXp kuIcy ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

F∂nh FhnsS thW-sa∂v \n›-bn-°p-hm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

(iii) acm-aØv ]WnIfp-ambn _‘-s∏- h

• Kma-k`m ]tZ-iØv \S-∏m°m-\p-t±-in-°p-∂tXm \S-∏n-em-°n-btXm Bb \n¿ΩmW ]hr-Øn-

I-fpsS FÃn-ta-‰v, km[-\-km-a-Kn-I-fpsS IW-°v, sNe-h-gn® XpI-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ F∂nh

Adn-bm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

(iv) KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS A¿l-Xm-]-cn-tim-[-\, Xnc-s™-Sp-°¬

• hnI-k-\-˛-t£a ]≤Xn-Iƒ°p≈ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS A¿lX ]cn-tim-[n®v ap≥K-W\ \n›-

bn-°m-\p≈ A[n-Imcw Kma-k-`-°m-Wv. Kma-k` \n›-bn® ap≥K-W-\m-Iaw Kma-]-©m-bØv

am‰w hcpØp-hm≥ ]mSn-√.

• hnhn[ s]≥j-\p-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂-h¿, _n.-]n.-F¬. IpSpw-_-ambn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h¿, Bib

KpW-t`m-‡m-°ƒ, s]mXphnX-cW kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ ]tXyI B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ e`n-°p-∂-h¿,

hnhn[ hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h¿ Bscm-s°-bm-

sW∂dn-bm≥ Kma-k-`°v Ah-Im-i-ap≠v. AXp-sIm-≠v, C]-Imcw Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´v B\p-Iq-

ey-ßƒ ssI∏-‰p-∂-h-cpsS enÃv F√m h¿jhpw Kma-k-`-bn¬ hbvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.

(v) DtZym-K-ÿ-cp-tSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw ]h¿Ø\w kw_-‘n®v

• DtZym-K-ÿ-cp-tSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw ]h¿Ø\w ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw

\n¿t±iw \¬Im\pw Kma-k-`bv°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

(vi) hc-hv- -sN-ehv IW°v kw_-‘n®v

• _P‰v hnh-c-ßƒ, ^≠p-I-fpsS C\w Xncn-®p≈ hc-hv-˛-sN-ehv hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ, t]mP-Iv‰p-I-fpsS

sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ, `c-W-s®-e-hp-Iƒ F∂nh Adn-bm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Adn-bm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Kma-k-`-bn¬/hm¿Uvk-

`-bn¬ hbvt°-≠Xpw N¿® sNtø-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

(vii)tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v

• Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\mbn

tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v Soans\ Kma-k-`°v \ntbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(viii)Kma-k`m Xocp-am-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏- h

• Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]\w FSpØ XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Adn-bm-

\-pw, \S-∏m-°n-bnńs√-¶n¬ AXns‚ ImcWw Adn-bm\pw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.

DtZym-K-ÿ- kwhn-[m-\hpw

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw

7

7.1. DtZymKÿ kwhn-[m\w

]©m-b-Øv, AXn\v \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xv AXns‚

ÿm]-\-˛-D-tZym-Kÿ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv. Hcp ]mtZ-inI k¿°m¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ ]©m-b-Øns‚ tIµ Hmô-kmbn ]©m-bØv Hmôkpw hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´

]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°mbn LSI ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]h¿Øn-°p∂p. ]©m-bØv Hmôkv Poh-\-°m¿ amX-

a-√, ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSns‚ 181˛mw hIp∏v (4)˛mw D]hIp∏v ]Imcw LSI ÿm]-\-ß-fnse

DtZym-K-ÿcpw Poh-\-°mcpw Ah¿ ]©m-b-Øns‚ DtZym-K-ÿtcm Poh-\-°mtcm Bbn-cp-∂m-se-∂-

t]mse ]©m-bØv Ah¿°v F¬∏n®p sImSp-°p∂ Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. amX-a√

LSI ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw DtZym-K-ÿ-cp-sSbpw ]q¿Æ \nb-¥-Whpw ta¬ t\m´hpw AXXv ]©m-

b-Øp-I-fn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v 181˛mw D]hIp-∏n¬ ]d-™n-´pap≠v.

7.1. DtZymKÿ kwhn-[m\w

7.2. DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ, DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ

7.3. skI-´dnbpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ, Npa-X-e-Iƒ

7.3.1. tbmK-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ, Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏m-°¬

7.3.2. skI-´-dn-bpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ

7.3.3. Npa-X-e-Iƒ G¬∏n-°¬

7.3.3.1. Pq\n-b¿ kq]≠v/slUv ¢¿°v

7.3.3.2. A°u-≠‚ v

7.3.3.3. ko\n-b¿ ¢¿°p-am¿

7.3.3.4. ¢¿°p-am¿

7.3.3.5. Akn-Ã‚ v skI-´dn

7.4. ]©m-bØv Hmôkv Poh-\-°m-cpsS s]mXp-hmb Npa-X-e-Iƒ

7.5. DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ta¬ \nb-¥Ww

31

7.2. DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ

1994˛se ]©m-b-Øv-cmPv \nb-ahpw ]©m-b-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏´ a‰v \nb-a-ßfpw A\p-k-cn®v ]©m-

b-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂Xv c-W-k-anXn, Ãnb-dnßv IΩn‰n, Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, ]kn-U‚ v, skI- dn LSI ÿm]\ ta[m-hn-Iƒ F∂n-h-cmWv. CXn¬ skI- -dn, ÿm]-

\-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ F∂n-h¿ Hgn-sI-bp≈ a‰v Poh-\-°m¿°v k¿°m¿ ]tXyIn®v t\cn´v A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

H∂pw Xs∂- \¬In-bn-ń-√. Poh-\-°m¿ F√mw- skI-´-dn-bpsS/AXmXv ÿm]\ ta[m-hn-I-fpsS/

]kn-U-‚n-s‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-em-b-Xn-\m¬ ]©m-bØv ]kn-U-‚nepw skI-´-dn-bnepw ÿm]-\-ta-[m-

hn-Ifpw \n£n-]vX-amb Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂Xn\v ]©m-bØv skI- dn/ÿm]\ ta[mhn Gev]n-

°p∂ Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°pI F∂-XmWv Poh-\-°m-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øw. ÿm]-\-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ,

Ah-cpsS km[m-cW Npa-X-e-Iƒ°v ]pdsa ]©m-bØv Ah¿°v Fev]n®p sImSp-°p∂ Npa-XeIƒ

IqSn \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ _m[y-ÿcmWv. ]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰nse 179 apX¬ 185 hsc-bp≈ hIp-∏p-I-

fn¬ DtZym-K-ÿsc kw_-‘n-®p≈ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

7.3. skI- dnbpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ, Npa-X-e-Iƒ1

]©m-b-Øns‚ Imcy\n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ-\mWv skI-´dn. BIv‰nse 240-˛mw hIp∏v A\p-k-cn®v

]©m-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ F√m t\mó-kp-I-fnepw DØ-c-hp-I-fnepw skI´dn H∏v sh®ncn-

°Ww. ]©m-b-Øns‚ A\p-aXn Bh-iy-amb hnj-b-ßƒ ]©m-bØp tbmK-Øn¬ h®v N¿® sNbvXv

Xocp-am\w FSpØpw, ]kn-U-‚ns‚ A\p-aXn Bh-iy-amb hnj-b-ßƒ°v ]kn-U‚n¬\n∂v DØ-

chv hmßnbpw, skI-´-dn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ kzbw DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®pw skI-´dn

`cW Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰Ww. Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂h skI-´-dn-bpsS Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wv.

7.3.1. tbmK-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ, Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏m-°¬

]©m-b-Øns‚ ]cn-K-W-\bv°v hcp∂ GsXmcp kwK-Xn-bnepw AP-≠-bnse Hmtcm C\-Øn\pw

skI-´-dn-bpsS A`n-]mbw ^b-en¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØn ]©m-bØp apºmsI shbvt°-≠-XmWv2. skI-

-dn°v ]©m-b-Øn-t‚bpw Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw tbmK-ß-fn¬ D]-tZiIs\∂ \ne-bn¬ N¿®bn¬

]s¶-Sp-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. ]©m-b-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw \nb-am-\p-kcWw

\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw skI- -dn-°mWv. ]©m-b-Øns‚ Xocpam\-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂Xp

1 ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv, hIp∏v 182.2 tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (\n-b-am-\p-kr-X-a-√mØ ]ta-b-ß-fn-t∑¬ kzoI-cn-t°≠ \S-]-Sn-I-aw) N -ßƒ.

Kma-]-©m-bØv

k¿°m¿ ss]adn

kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I¿,

Poh-\-°m¿

]©m-bØv Hmôkv

DtZym-K-ÿ¿

^nj-dokv k_v

C≥kvs]-IvS¿

k¿°m¿ _me-hmSn/

]oss]-adn kvIqƒ

Poh-\-°m¿

A¶-W-hmSn

Poh-\-°m¿

Irjn-`-h≥

DtZym-K-ÿ¿

arKm-ip-]Xn DtZym-K-

ÿ¿

BtcmKy ÿm]-\-ß-

fnse DtZym-K-ÿ¿

hn.-C.-H.

sF.-kn.-Un.-F-kv.

kq∏¿ssh-k¿

t_mIvkv 3 : DtZym-Kÿ kwhn-[m\w

1

32

7DtZym-K-ÿ- kwhn-[m-\hpw

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw

kw_-‘n®p≈ GsX-¶nepw ]iv\-Øn-t∑tem n∂m- n]mb Ipdn-∏n-t∑tem k¿°m-cns‚tbm, k¿°m¿

A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Ønb DtZym-K-ÿs‚tbm Xocp-am\w D≠m-tI≠ ]£w BbXv skI- dn Xs‚ dnt∏m¿ v

klnXw k¿°m-cns‚tbm A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Ønb DtZym-K-ÿ-s‚tbm i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XmWv.

(1995 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (]-©m-b-Øns‚ tbmK \S-]-Sn-I-aw ˛ N´w 29 D]-N´w 2).

7.3.2. skI- -dn-bpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ

• ]©m-b-Øv Hmô-knse DtZym-K-ÿ-tcbpw Poh-\-°m-tcbpw ]kn-U-‚ns‚ s]mXp-ta¬t\m´-

Øn\pw \nb-¥-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-ambn \nb-¥n-°pI. DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Øßfpw \n›-bn®v Hm-ôkv Hm¿U¿ \evIpI.

• ]kn-U‚ v Gev]n®p sImSp-°p∂ \nb-am-\p-krX sNe-hp-Iƒ sNøpI.

• ]©m-bØp ^≠ns‚bpw `c-W-]-c-amb F√m tcJ-I-fp-tSbpw kq£n∏v (Km-a-k-`-mtc-J-Iƒ

AS-°w)

• ]©m-bØv A[n-Ir-X-am-°nb F√mhn[ sNe-hp-Iƒ°p≈ XpI-Iƒ sN°mtbm ]W-amtbm

\¬IpI.

• hchv˛sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n kq£n-°pI. ]Xn-amk A°u-≠p-Iƒ [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn-‰n°v ka¿∏n-°pI.

• ]©m-bØv Hmôkv Poh-\-°m-cpsSta¬ in£W \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn°pI. Ah-[n-Iƒ A\p-h-

Zn-°pI. lmP¿ Dd-∏m-°pI.

• ]©m-b-Ønse hm¿jnI A°u≠pw B\p-h¬ ^n\m¬jy¬ tÃ‰p-sa‚pw HmUn‰v DtZym-K-

ÿ¿°v Pqembv 31 \Iw Ab®v \evIpI. (hogvN hcp-Øp∂ ]£w tem°¬ ^≠v Hm-Un‰v

BIv‰nse 9˛-mw hIp∏v A\p-k-cn®v tem°¬ ^≠v hIp-∏n\v skI-´-dn-bpsS t]cn¬ 3000 cq]

hsc Ip‰-ÿm-]-\-Øn-t∑¬ (tImSXn apJm-¥ncw) ]ng Npa-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn°mw).

• ]©m-b-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS A°u-≠p-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Itbm,

]cn-tim-[n-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøpI.

• hm¿jn-I-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw Xøm-dm-°p∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬

ka-\z-bn-∏n®v \n›nX ka-b-Øn-\Iw Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn°v ka¿∏n-°pI. AwKoImcw

e`n-°p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI.

• ]©m-b-Øns‚ ap≥h¿jsØ `c-W-dn-t∏m¿´v sk]vXw-_¿ 30\Iw ]©m-b-Øns‚ AwKo-Im-c-

Øn\v \evIpI.

• sIń-S-ßƒ°v \º¿ \evIpI, \nIpXn \n¿Æ-bn-°pI.

• F√mhn[ Unam‚ v kwJy-Ifpw CuSm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI. Npa-Øm-Xn-cp-∂Xpw/

hn´p-t]m-b-Xp-amb \nIpXn-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n 4 h¿jsØ ap≥]m-_-ey-tØmsS NpaØn CuSm-°pI

(h.243)

• P\-\-˛a-cW cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nbaw A\p-k-cn®v P\-\hpw acWhpw cPn-Ã¿ sNøpI (kzX¥

Npa-Xe)

• lnµp- hnhml BIv‰v A\p-k-cn®pw tIcf hnhml N´-ßƒ cPn-Ã¿ sNø¬ (s]m-Xp) N´-ßƒ

A\pk-cn-®p-ap≈ hnhm-l-ßƒ cPn-Ã¿ sNøpI. (kzX¥ Npa-Xe)

33

• Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ, Cd-®n-I-S-Iƒ F∂n-h-bv°p≈ ssek≥kpIƒ, ]n]n.B¿. BIvSv A\p-k-cn-

®p≈ ssek≥kp-Iƒ, kn\n-am-im-e-Iƒ°p≈ ssek≥kp-Iƒ F∂nh \nb-am-\p-k-cWw

\¬°pI.

• A]m-b-I-chpw Ak-ly-hp-amb hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw ^mIvS-dn-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv A\p-h-Zn-°pI

(tamt´m-dp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ 5 H.P hsc ]©m-bØp IΩn‰nbpsS s]¿an-j≥ Bh-iy-

an√. 5 H.Pbn¬ IqSp-X¬ D≈-Xn\v ]©m-bØv IΩn‰n A\p-hmZw \evIn-bn-cn-°Ww. s]meypj≥

I¨tSmƒ t_m¿Uns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬s∏-Sp∂ ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v I¨k‚ v Sp Hm-∏-td‰v k¿ń-^n-

°‰p IqSn Bh-iy-amWv. \nIp-Xn-Itfm otkm IpSn-»nI D≈-h¿°v ssek≥kv \evIm≥ ]mSn√.

(h. 236)). ssek≥kv IqSmsX ]h¿Øn-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ßƒs°-Xnsc 236 (5) A\p-k-cn®v ]ng

Npa-ØpI, \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI; mIvSdn, h¿°vtjm∏v, h¿°vkv sπbnkv F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈

iey-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°pI.

• sIń-S-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v N´-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn A\p-hmZw \evIpI.

• \nba ewL\ \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ Ip‰-°m-cpsS At]-£-]-Imcw ]kn-U‚ns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS Xo¿∏m-

°p-I.

• ]©m-b-Øn-\p-th≠n ]kn-U-‚ns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS Icm¿ DS-º-Sn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-SpI.

• t]mkn-Iyq-j≥ Bh-iy-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ tImSXn apºmsI tIkv b¬ sNøpI. tIkv b¬

sNøp-∂-Xn\v a‰v DtZym-K-ÿsc A[n-Im-c-s∏-SpØmw. (h. 245)

• kzImcy Bip-]Xn, ]mc-msa-Un-°¬ ÿm]-\-ßƒ F∂n-hbpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-ØpI. (h. 269)

• Syqt´m-dn-b¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-ØpI (h. 265)

••••• FtÃ‰v Hm-ô-k¿ F∂ \nebv°v ]©m-bØv sIń-Sßƒ A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn ssIhiw sh®v

hcp∂hsc Hgnhm-°pI.

••••• ]∂n-Itfbpw ]ń-Itfbpw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v ssek≥kv \evIpI (sh‰dn-\dn k¿Ps‚ ]Xn-

tcm[ IpØn sh∏v k¿ń-^n-°‰v Bh-iy-amWv)

••••• X]m-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \evIpI. skI-´-dn°v ]tXy-I-a-√mØ F√m X]m-ep-

Ifpw ]kn-U-‚n\pw IqSn \¬IpI.

••••• tbmK-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂ Imcy-ßƒ AXm-Xp k-abw AP≠ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°pI.

AP≠ ]kn-U-‚pambn Btem-Nn®v Xøm-dm-°pI. AP≠ kw_-‘n®v AwKßƒ°v Ipdn∏v

\evIpI.

••••• tbmK-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ X’-abw Xs∂ Xocp-am\ cPn-Ã-dn¬ Fgp-Xn-tN¿Øv H∏p shbv°pI (]kn-

U‚pw H∏v sh®n-cn-°Ww). ]I¿∏v t\mókv t_m¿Un¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°pI. Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS ]I¿∏v

48 aW-°q-dn-\Iw F√m AwK-ßƒ°pw \¬IpI.

••••• an\n‰vkv ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v tbmKw Ign™v aq∂v Znh-k-Øn-

\Iw IcSv Xøm-dm°n ]kn-U‚n\v \evIp-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn®v Ign-™m¬ an\n‰vkv _p°n¬

tN¿°p-Ibpw sNøpI. (an\n‰vkns‚ IcSv Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ DtZym-K-ÿ¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ A`n-

]m-b-ßƒIqSn tcJ-s∏-SpØWw).

••••• ]©m-b-Øp-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ AwK-ßƒ lmP-cm-ImØXp-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ Atbm-Ky-X- Ahsc

DS≥Xs∂ tcJm-aqew Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw ASpØ ]©m-bØv tbmK-Øn¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-Ibpw

sNøp-I.

1

34


DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw7

••••• AwK-ß-fpsS cmPn-aq-ehpw A√m-sXbpw D≠m-Ip∂ Hgn-hp-Iƒ Hcm-gvN-bv°Iw Ce-£≥ IΩo-

js\ Adn-bn-°pI.

••••• ]kn-U‚ v/sshkv ]kn-U‚ v/sNb¿am≥am¿/AwK-ßƒ F∂nh-cpsS cmPn kzo-I-cn-°pI (h.

155). Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n AwK-ß-fpsS cmPn ]kn-U-‚n-t\bpw ]©m-b-Øn-t\bpw Adn-bn-°pI.

••••• sXcp-hp-I-fn-tebv°pw, tdmUn-tebv°pw Xqßn-In-S-°p-∂- XS- -ßƒ, hoWpInS-°p∂ ac-ßƒ

F∂n-h -\o°w sNøpI.

••••• Kma-k-`m- Imcy]cn-]mSn ]kn-U-‚p-ambn Btem-Nn®v Xømdm°pI (N´w 5). h¿jm-cw-`-Ønse

BZy Kma-k-`-bn¬ ap≥ h¿jsØ IW-°p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI. tªm°v ]©m-bØn\pw, Pn√m

]©m-b-Øn\pw Kma-k`m \n¿t±-i-ßƒ HcmgvNbv°Iw Ab®p \evIpI. KpW-t`m-‡r-k-an-Xn-

Iƒ hnfn®pIq´pI.

••••• hnhn[ t£a s]≥j-\p-Iƒ°p≈ At]-£-Iƒ kzoI-cn°pI. sXmgn-en-√mbvam thX-\-Øn-\p≈

At]-£-I-fn¬ At\zjWw \SØn t£a-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩ-‰n°v ka¿∏n-°pI.

••••• s]mIyq¿sa‚ v am¿§-tcJ A\p-k-cn®v C‚‚ v Xøm-dm°n \nb-am-\p-k-cWw ]¿tNbvkv \S-ØpI

(KpW-ta∑ Dd-∏m-°Ww)

••••• `cW \n¿∆-l-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v GsX-¶nepw Bfns\ kw_-‘nt®m, hkvXp-h-I-Isf kw_-

‘nt®m ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\-]-Imcw hnt√Pv H-m-ô- -dn¬ \n∂pw hnh-c-ßƒ Bhiy-s∏-SpI.

••••• ^b-ep-Itfm, dn°m¿Up-Itfm, ]kn-U-‚nt\m, sNb¿am≥am¿t°m \evIp-tºmƒ cPn-Ã-dn¬

tN¿Øv ssI∏-‰n-b-Xmbn Dd-∏m-°pI (h. 156(6)kn)

••••• Hm-Un‰v t\mókv _‘s∏´ \n¿∆ltWmtZymKÿsc bYmkabw Adnbn°p∂Xn\pw Hm-Un‰v

dnt∏m¿ńse XS- ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \jv´ßƒ CuSm-°p-∂-Xn\pw \S-]SnIƒ kzoI-cn-

°pI.

••••• Jc-am-en-\y-ßƒ \o°w sNø¬, s]mXp-kz-Øp-°-fpsS kwc-£Ww, Itø-‰-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°¬

F∂n-hbv°v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°pI. (BIv‰v A\p-k-cn®v skI-´-dn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-amb Npa-X-e-

Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v th≠n _‘-s∏´ ÿe-ß-fn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\v hIp∏v 236 (10), 241

F∂n-hbpw N´-ßfpw A[n-Imcw \evIp∂p).

••••• ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\-]-Imcw kzIm-cy -h≠nØmh-f-ßƒ, ss]h‰v kzmImcy am¿°‰v F∂n-h-

bv°p≈ ssek≥kpw hnt\m-Z-\n-IpXn BIv‰v A\p-k-cn-®p≈ s]¿an‰pw \evIpI.

••••• t]meokv Hm-ô- -dpsS dnt∏m¿ńs‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A\mY t]X-ßƒ adhp sNøp-∂-Xn\v

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI.

••••• ]kn-U-‚ns‚ AwKo-Im-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn skI-´-dn-bpsS Npa-Xe-Iƒ a‰v DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v ssIam-dm-

hp-∂-XmWv.

••••• skI-´-dn-bn¬ \nb-am-\p-k-cWw ]tXyIw Gev]n-°m-ØXpw ]©m-bØv `c-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-

bXpw Bb Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]kn-U‚ns‚ ]°¬\n∂pw ^b-ep-I-fn¬ tcJm-aqew DØ-chv hmßn-

°msX \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]mSn√.

••••• Ce-£≥ IΩo-j≥, Hmw-_p-Uvkvam≥, ssS_q-W¬ XpSßn a‰v A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈

DØ-c-hp-Ifpw \n¿t±-ißfpw \S-∏m-°pI.

••••• ]©m-b-Øw-K-ß-fpsS cmjvSob I£n-_‘w ImWn-°p∂ cPn-Ã¿, kXy-]-Xn⁄m cPn-Ã¿

F∂nh kz¥w IÃ-Un-bn¬ FgpXn kq£n-°pI.

••••• Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ]©m-bØv tbmK-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-I.

35

7.3.3. Npa-X-e-Iƒ G¬∏n-°¬

Xmsg sImSpØ coXn-bn¬ Poh-\-°m¿°v Npa-X-e-Iƒ Gev]n®p sImSp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

7.3.3.1. Pq\n-b¿ kq]≠v/slUv ¢¿°v

••••• Hm-ô-kn-te°v hcp∂ F√m X]m-ep-Ifpw skI-´-dn°v \evIn _‘-s∏´ sk£-\p-I-fnse hnX-

cW cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øp \¬IpI.

••••• Hm-ôkv DØ-c-hp-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn Poh-\-°m¿°v AXmXp kabw Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-

ßƒ \evIpI.

••••• sk£-\p-I-fn¬\n∂pw skI- -dn-bpsS DØ-c-hn-\mbn ka¿∏n°p∂ b-ep-Ifpw _n√p-Ifpw hu®-

dp-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n®v \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-sW∂v Dd∏phcpØn C\o-jy¬ hbv°pI.

••••• F√m Znh-khpw Iymjv_p°v ]cn-tim-[n®v ]Ww CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ IrXy-am-sW∂v Dd∏p hcp-Øp-

Ibpw C\o-jy¬ sh®v H∏v shbv°p-∂-Xn\v skI-´-dn°p ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• ]am-W-ßƒ, hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ tcJ-Iƒ, cioXn ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS tÃm°v cPn-Ã¿, C≥sh-Ãvsa‚ v

k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ, t_m≠pIƒ F∂n-hbpw Iymjv sNÃns‚ Hcp `mKw Xmt°mepw kq£n-

°pI.

••••• Hm-ô-knse If-£-\p-Ifpw, Sjdn/t]mÃm-ôkv/_m¶v F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]n≥h-en-°p∂

]Whpw bYm-k-abw bYmÿ-e-ß-fn¬ AS-hm-°p-∂-Xmbpw _‘-s∏-´-h¿°v \evIn-bXmbpw

Dd∏v hcp-ØpI.

••••• _P‰v, hm¿jnI kmº-ØnI tÃ‰p-sa‚ v, `c-W-dn-t∏m¿´v F∂nh bYm-k-abw Xøm-dm°n _‘-

s∏-´-h¿°v \evIpI.

••••• \nIp-Xn-Ifpw ôkp-Ifpw bYm-k-abw ]ncn-sh-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v Poh-\-°m¿°v Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-

ßƒ \evIpI.

••••• ]©m-b-Øn\v e`n-t°≠ \nIp-Xn-I-fpw ôkp-Ifpw IpSn-»nI hcp-Øp-∂-h-cpsS t]cn¬ dh\yp

dn°-hdn, t]mkn-Iyq-j≥ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Poh-\-°m¿°v \n¿t±iw \evIpI.

••••• ]≤Xn, ]≤XntbXc ^≠p-Iƒ, ]©m-

bØns‚ A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-Iƒ F∂n-

hbv°v Bh-iy-amb kwJy-Iƒ bYm-k-

abw sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

kzoI-cn-°m≥ Poh-\-°m¿°v \n¿t±iw

\evIpI.

••••• ssIam-dnb ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-

hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Atem-´p-sa‚p-Iƒ

bYm-k-abw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

kzoI-cn-°pI. sNe-hp-Iƒ \nb-am-\p-kr-

X-am-sW∂v Dd∏phcpØpI.

••••• skI-´-dn-bpsS A`m-h-Øn¬ ssZ\w-Zn\

]h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Id‚ v

Uyqókv \n¿∆-ln-°pI.

1

36



••••• ¢¿°p-am-cpsS t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ IrXy-ambn ]cn-tim[n®v dnt∏m¿´v Fgp-Xp-Ibpw skI-´-

dn°v dnam¿Ivkv AS°w ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• P\-\-˛-a-cW k_v cPn-kvSm¿ F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-I.

••••• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ bYm-k-abw \S-]Sn ssIsIm-≈pI

••••• IqSmsX ]kn-U‚pw skI-´-dnbpw AXm-Xp-k-abw \¬Ip∂ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ ]men-°p-Ibpw Npa-

X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNøpI.

7.3.3.2. A°u-≠‚ v3

••••• Id‚ v Nm¿÷v, hm´¿ Nm¿÷v, tem¨ Xncn-®-S-bv°¬ XpS-ßnb Bh-iy-ßƒ°v skIvj-\p-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw Xøm-dm°n e`n-°p∂ _n¬ ]Imcw ]Ww ]n≥h-en®v _‘-s∏´ ÿe-ß-fn¬ AS-

hm-°pI.

••••• F√m _n√p-Ifpw _n¬ cPnÃ-dn¬ tN¿Øv hu®¿ \º¿ \evIn kq£n-°pI.

••••• sN°v _p°p-Iƒ, ]m v _p°p-Iƒ, Nem-\p-Iƒ, D]-tbm-Kn®p Ign™ sN°p-I-fpsS Iu≠¿

t^mbn-ep-Iƒ F∂nh kq£n°pI.

••••• 2011˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (A-°u-≠v) N´-ßƒ ]Imcw kq£n-t°≠ tcJ-Ifpw cPn-Ã-

dp-Ifpw FgpXn kq£n-°pI.

••••• Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ß-fn-te-bv°p≈ ]Xn-amk A°u≠v Xøm-dm°n skI-´-dn°v ka¿∏n-

°pI.

••••• Hm-ôkv Hm¿U¿ A\p-k-cn®v t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã¿ FgpXn ^b-ep-Ifpw dn°m¿Up-Ifpw M.O.P]Imcw kq£n-°pI. ta¬]-d™ tPmen-Iƒ IqSmsX skI- -dnbpw ]kn-U‚pw AXmXp kabw

Gev]n-°p∂ tPmen-Ifpw \n¿∆-ln-°pI.

7.3.3.3. ko\n-b¿ ¢¿°p-am¿

••••• hnhn[ Im‰-K-dn-I-fn¬ ]©m-b-Øn\v e`n-°p∂ ^≠p-Iƒ _‘-s∏´ cPn-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ tN¿°pI.

••••• hnhn[ Bh-iy-ßƒ°v ]Ww \evtI≠n hcp∂ kµ¿`-ßfn¬ A-Xns‚ tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v

\nb-am-\p-kr-X-amsW∂v Dd∏p hcpØn _n¬ Xøm-dm°n ^b¬ klnXw A°u-≠‚n\v ssIam-

dpI. AXv kw_-‘n-®p≈ cPn-Ã-dpIfpw ^b-ep-Ifpw FgpXn kq£n-°pI.

••••• hnX-cW cPn-Ã¿ hgn e`n-°p∂ F√m X]m-ep-Ifpw t]gvkW¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã¿ FgpXn kq£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• k¿°m-cn-tebv°pw a‰p hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn-tebv°pw \evtI≠- kwJy-Iƒ°v bYm-k-abw _n¬

Xøm-dm°n A°u-≠‚n\v \evIpI.

••••• \nIp-Xn-I-sfbpw ôkp-I-sfbpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ dnhn-j≥ s]‰o-j-\p-Iƒ, A∏o-ep-Iƒ F∂nh

_‘-s∏´ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øv kq£n-°p-Ibpw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• Pn.H. (]n) \º¿ 177/2006/^n≥, XnøXn 12.04.2006 DØ-chv A\p-k-cn-®p≈ (_n¬ knÃw) cPn-Ã-

dp-Ifpw ^b-ep-Ifpw FgpXn kq£n-°pIbpw sNe-hp-Iƒ°v _n¬ Xøm-dm°n A°u-≠nßv

sk£-\n-tebv°v ssIamdpIbpw sNøp-I.

••••• Hm-Un‰v dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ H-_vP-£≥kv, Unkv Ae-h≥kv F∂o Imcy-ß-fn¬ \S-

]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI.

3 A°u-≠‚p-am-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw \n›-bn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ 1.8.2009 se k.-D. (Fw.-F-kv.)50/2009/Xkz`h\º¿.

37

••••• hnhn[ s]≥j-\p-Iƒ, sXmgn-en-√mbvamthX\w XpS-ßn-b-hbpsS At]-£-Ifpw ^b-ep-Ifpw

ssIImcyw sNøpIbpw ]Ww e`y-am-Ip∂ apdbv°v _‘-s∏´ cPn-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ tN¿Øv \evIp-

Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• _P‰dn I¨tSmƒ ]men®v F√m-hn[ πm≥, t\m¨πm≥ ]hrØn-I-fpsSbpw sNe-hp-Iƒ kw_-

‘n® ^b-ep-Ifpw cPnÃ-dp-Ifpw FgpXn kq£n-°p-Ibpw \nb-am-\p-k-cWw _n¬ Xøm-dm°n

A°u-≠‚n\v ssIam-dp-Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Ah-km-\n® ^b-ep-I-fn¬ DØ-chv hmßn- t¢mkv sNbvXv sdt°m¿Un-tebv°v

ssIam‰w sNøpI/`Z-ambn kq£n-°pI. IqSmsX skI-´-dnbpw ]kn-U‚pw AXmXp kabw

\evIp∂ a‰p Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-I.

7.3.3.4. ¢¿°p-am¿

••••• \nIp-Xn-Ifpw ôkp-Ifpw kw_-‘n®v A -kvsa‚ v, Unam‚ v XpS-ßnb F√m-hn[ cPn-Ã-dp-Ifpw

^b-ep-Ifpw FgpXn kq£n°p-Ibpw hc-hp-Iƒ cPn-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI.

••••• \nIp-Xn-Zm-b-I¿°v \nIpXn AS-bv°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p≈ dnt´-Wp-Iƒ Unam‚ v t\mó-

kp-Iƒ, _n√p-Iƒ F∂nh FgpXn Xøm-dm°n bYm-k-abw Ab-bv°pI.

••••• \nIp-Xn-Ifpw ôkp-Ifpw IpSn-»n-I h-cp-Øp∂hcpsS t]cn¬ t]mkn-Iyq-j≥, dh-\yp-dn-°-hdn

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v skI- -dn-bpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-ØpI; \S]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-

cn-°pI.

••••• \nIp-Xn-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-t°≠ (\n¿Ωn-Xn-I-fn¬ hcp-Øp∂ t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ IW-°n-se-SpØv) sIń-S-

ß-fp-sSbpw, sXmgn¬ \nIpXn, ssek≥kv F∂n-hbv°v _m≤y-X-cm-b-h-cp-tSbpw hnhcw tiJ

cn®v \nIpXn NpaØn CuSm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI. At]-£-I-fn¬ At\z-jWw

\SØn dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ \evIpI. A\-[n-IrX \n¿Ωm-W-ß-ƒ bYm-k-abw dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-I.

••••• hnt\mZ \nIpXn ]cn-tim-[\ \S-ØpI.

••••• Hm-ôkv Hm¿U¿ A\p-k-cn®v sk£-\p-I-fn-te°v e`n-°p∂ X]m-ep-Iƒ t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬

tN¿Øv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI. \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ apdbv°v ^b¬ Xo¿∏m°n `Z-

ambn \n›n-X-Imew hsc kq£n-°pI.

••••• \n›-bn-®- Xo-b-Xnbn¬ t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã¿

]cn -tim -[-\-bv°mbn kq]≠v/slUv

¢¿°n\v ka¿∏n-°pI.

••••• IqSmsX ]kn-U‚pw, skI- -dnbpw AXmXp

kabw \evIp∂ \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Npa-X-e-

Ifpw \n¿∆-ln-°p-I.

7.3.3.5. Akn-Ã‚ v skI-´dn

kwÿm-\sØ kmº-ØnI \ne sa®-s∏´

864 Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ 7.2.2013 apX¬ Akn-

Ã‚ v skI- dn XkvXnI krjvSn-®n- p-≠v. Akn-

Ã‚ v skI- -dn-am-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Øßfpw \n›-bn-®p-sIm≠v 10.6.2013 \v k.-D.

(Fw. -F-kv)218/2013/Xkz`h \º¿ Bbn

k¿°m¿ DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

1

38



7.4. ]©m-bØv Hmôkv Poh-\-°m-cpsS s]mXp-hmb Npa-X-e-Iƒ

]©m-bØv Hmô-kn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ XkvXnIIƒ°v skIvj≥\-º¿ \evIn skI´dn Hcp

Hm-ôkv Hm¿U¿ hgn Hm-ôkv tPmen-Iƒ hn`-Pn®v \¬Ip-∂-Xn-eq-sSbmWv Hmtcm Poh-\-°mcnepw

Ah-cpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw h∂p tNcp-∂Xv. Cu Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw

]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn \nd-th-‰p-hm≥ AXmXp skIvj≥ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h¿ _m≤y-ÿ-cm-bn-cn-°p-

∂Xpw hogvN h∂m¬ A-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ-cn¬ \n£n]vXam-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xp-amWv. Hm-ôkv DØ-chv hgn Gev]n-®n-´p≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬ _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Ah-cpsS ^b-

ep-I-fn¬ tcJm-aqew ]kn-U-‚n¬ \nt∂m skI-´-dn-bn¬\nt∂m DØ-c-hp-Iƒ hmßn-®n-cn-t°-≠Xpw

Hm-Un‰p DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ apdbv°v ImWn®p sImSp-t°-≠-Xp-amWv. GsX-¶nepw

Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ\v ÿew am‰w, eohv F∂nh kw`-hn-°p∂ kµ¿`ß-fn¬ At±lw ssIImcyw

sNbvXp h∂n-cp∂ ^b-ep-Ifpw dn°m¿Up-Ifpw enÃp Xøm-dm°n Hm-ôkv DØ-chv ]Imcw as‰mcp

DtZym-K-ÿs\ Gev]n-t°-≠-Xp-amWv.

7.5. DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ta¬ \nb-¥Ww4

1997 ˛ se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (D-tZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ta¬ \nb-¥-Ww) N´-ßfn¬ ]©m-b-Øn\v

DtZym-K-ÿ≥am-cpsS (]-©m-bØv Hmôkv DtZym-K-ÿcpw LS-I-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnse DtZym-K-ÿ-cpw)

taep≈ \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Im-c-ßƒ ]Xn-]m-Zn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AX-\p-k-cn®v ]©m-bØn\v DtZym-K-ÿ-

cpsS ta¬ Xmsg∏-d-bp∂ \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Im-c-ßƒ D≠v.

• DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ta¬ eLp-in-£-Iƒ NpaØmw

• kkvs]≥j≥ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn°mw

• skI´dn-bpsS tIm¨^n-U≥jy¬ dnt∏m¿´v Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]kn-U‚ v Xøm-dm°n \nb-a\m-

[n-Im-cn°v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°-Ww.

• skI-´-dnbptSbpw ÿm]\ ta[m-hn-I-fp-tSbpw BI-kvan-Im-h[n A\p-h-Zn-t°-≠Xv ]kn-U‚m-Wv.

• DtZym-K-ÿ¿ ]©m-b-Øns‚ ta¬t\m-´-Ønepw \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep-amWv ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xv.

]©m-b-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw DtZym-K-ÿ-\n¬

kzX-¥-ambpw X\n®pw sNtø-≠-Xmb Ãm‰yq´dn

A[n-Im-c-ßtfm Npa-X-e-Itfm \n£n-]vX-am-bn-

´p-s≠-¶n¬ ]kn-Ut‚m a‰v P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Itfm

A]-Im-c-ap≈ I¿Øhy-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw B

DtZym-K-ÿ≥ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ CS-s]-Sp-Itbm

kzm[o-\n-°p-Itbm sNøm≥ ]mSn-√.

4 1997se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (DtZym-K-kvXcpsS ta¬ \nb-¥Ww) N´ßƒ 39

BLANK

]©m-bØv tbmK- \-S]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

8

8.1. tbmKhpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw

]©m-b-Øns‚ c-W-]-chpw hnI-k-\-]-c-hp-amb F√m-Im-cy-ßfpw ]©m-bØv tbmK-ß-fn¬ sh®mWv

\n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. tbmKßƒ aq∂v Xc-Øn-ep-≠v. km[m-cW tbmKw, ASn-b-¥n-c-tbm-Kw, ]tXyI-

tbmKw F∂n-h-bm-Wh.

Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈p-tºmƒ c≠v Imcy-ßƒ ]tXyIw i≤n-°-Ww.

1. Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw \nb-am-\p-kr-Xam-bn-cn-°-Ww.

2. Xocp-am\n°p∂ hnj-b-ßƒ ]©m-bØn-s‚- Np-a-Xem hnj-b-ß-fn¬s∏-´-h-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.

8.2. Npa-X-e-Iƒ

tbmK-ßƒ ê-]-Z-ambn \S°W-sa-¶n¬ _‘-s∏-´-h-sc√mw Xß-fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ ê-]-Z-ambn

\nd-th-‰-Ww. tbmK-\-S-Øn-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´v B¿s°m-s°-bmWv Npa-X-e-Iƒ? Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw

Npa-X-e-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? ]ń-I 5 C°m-cy-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°p-∂p.

8.1. tbmKhpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw

82. Npa-X-e-Iƒ

8.3. tbmKw hnfn®p Iq´¬

8.4. tbmK-\-S-Øn∏v \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

8.5. Xocp-am\w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

8.6. an\n‰vkv

8.7. Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°¬

8.8. ASn-b-¥n-c-tbmKw

8.9. tbmKw hnfn-®q-Iq-´m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-S¬

8.10. ]tXyI AP-≠-Iƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tbmKw

8.11. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ßƒ

8.12. ]h¿Ø\ IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw tPmbn‚ v IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw

tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

41

Ia Npa-X-e-s∏-´-h¿ tbmK-\-S-Øn-∏nse Npa-X-e-Iƒ

\º¿

1. ]kn-U‚ v tbmKw hnfn®v tN¿°-epw \S-Øn∏pw

2. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIƒ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-IfpsS Xocp-am-\-ßƒ Hmtcm∂pw

]©mbØv tbmK-Øn-\p-ff Hmtcm AP-≠-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ `c-W-

k-anXn tbmK-Øn\v apºv Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ tbmKw tN¿∂v Xocp-

am-\-ßƒ ssIs°m-f-fp-I.

3. skI-´-dn ]kn-U‚p-ambn Btem-Nn®v AP≠ Xøm-dm-°¬, AP-≠m°p-dn-∏p-

Iƒ/\nb-tam-]-tZ-i-ßƒ \¬I¬, Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fp-sS Xocp-am-

\-ßƒ tbmK-Øn¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNø¬, Xocp-am-\-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

4. AwK-ßƒ 1. tbmK-Øn¬ N¿® sNøs∏tS≠ hnj-b-ßƒ ]knU‚n\v/skI-

´-dn°v FgpXn \¬Ip-I

2. tNmZy-ßƒ, ]ta-b-ßƒ F∂nh AP-≠-bn¬ Dƒs∏SpØp-∂-Xn\v

\n›nX ka-bØv ]knU‚n\v \¬IpI.

3. N¿®-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pI, A`n-]mbw ]I-Sn-∏n°pI, thm´v tcJ-

s∏-Sp-ØpI

5. ÿm]-\-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ/ AP-≠-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠ C\-ßƒ \n¿t±-in-°p-I, A≤y-£≥

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ]d-bp-I, hniZo-I-c-W-ßƒ

\¬Ip-I.

6. s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ, tbmK-\-S-Øn∏v ho£n-°pI

]X-am-≤y-a-ßƒ

8.3. tbmKw hnfn®p Iq´¬

tbmK-Xo-cp-am-\-ßƒ Bhiyamb IØp-Ifpw At]-£-Ifpw ]cm-Xn-Ifpw Hmô-kn¬ e`n-°p-tºmƒ

Xs∂ skI-´dn Ah AP≠ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øv tbmK-Øn-\pff Xøm-sd-Sp∏v XpS-ßp-∂p. tbmKw

hnfn®p tN¿°p∂-Xn-\p-ff \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

Xmsg ]dbpw ]Im-c-amWv.

1. tbmK-Xo-bXn ]kn-U‚ v \n›-bn-

°p∂p

2. skI-´dn ]kn-U‚p-ambn Btem-Nn®v

AP≠ Xøm-dm-°p∂p

3. ]kn-U‚ v H∏v sh® tbmK- t\m-ókv

tbmK-Øn\v 3 Znhkw apºv In´p∂ hn[-

Øn¬ skI-´dn F√m AwK-ßƒ°pw

FØn-°p -∂p. (tbmK t\mókv

XobXnbpw tbmK- Xo-b-Xnbpw IW-°m-

°p-I-bn-√.) am[y-a-]-h¿Ø-I¿

s]

mXp-P

\w s

]mX

p-P\

w

\n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ¿

]ńI 5 : tbmK-\-S-Øn∏v Npa-X-e-Iƒ

]©m-bØv tbmK- \-S]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ1

42

8

4. AP-≠-bn¬ Xocp-am\w FSp-°p-tºmƒ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ \nb-a-h-i-ßsf kqNn-∏n-®psIm-≠p-ff

Ipdn∏v (A-P≠m Ipdn∏v) skI-´dn Xøm-dm°n tbmKt\mó-kn-t\m-sSm∏w/tbmK-Øn\v apºv AwK-

ßƒ°v \¬Ip∂p.

5. tbmKw ]©m-bØv Bÿm-\Øv \n›nX ka-bØv IqSp-∂p. (A-Sn-b-¥nc L´-ß-fn-sem-gnsI

cmhnse 9 aWn°pw sshIo´v 6 aWn°pw CS-bn¬ amXta tbmKw tNcm-hp).

6. tbmKw \n›bn® -k-a-bØv lmP-cmb AwK-ßƒ lmP¿ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ H∏v shbv°p∂p.

(\n›-bn® ka-bØv AwK-ßƒ FØn-bn-s√-¶n¬ Izmdw XnI-bp-∂-Xn\v Ac aWn-°q¿ hsc

ImØn-cn-°mw. F∂n´pw XnI-™n-s√-¶n¬ lmP-cmb F√m saº¿amcpw Xøm-dm-sW-¶n¬ XpS¿∂pw

ImØn-cn-°mw.)

]©m-bØv tbmK-Øns‚ Izmdw AwK-kw-Jy-bpsS aq∂n¬ H∂v BWv.

8.4. tbmK-\-S-Øn∏v ˛ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

1. ]kn-U‚ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tbmKw XpS-ßp-∂p. (Izmdw XnI-™-ti-jw)

2. tNmtZym-Ø-c-thf Bcw-`n-°p∂p

3. AwK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n® tNmZy-ßƒ°p-ff adp-]Sn ]kn-U‚ v \¬Ip-∂p. (a-dp-]Sn \evIm≥

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am∑mtcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Smw) kabw ]c-am-h[n Hcp aWn-°q¿.

4. AwK-ßƒ h√ Ia-]-iv\hpw D∂-bn-®m¬ A≤y-£≥ AXn-t∑¬ dqfnwKv \¬Ip-∂p.

5. AP-≠-I-fn¬ N¿® ˛ A≤y-£≥ Hmtcm AP-≠bpw hmbn®v N¿®-bv°mbn AwK-ßsf £Wn-

°p-∂p.

tbmKw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ AwK-ß-fn¬ Nne¿ t]mb-Xp-aqew Izmdw C√m-

Xm-bm¬ tbmKw XpS-cm≥ ]mSn-√. Izmdw C√m-Xm-Ip∂ L -Øn¬ tbmKw ]ncn®p

hnSWw.

6. N¿® \S-°p-∂p. N¿® A≤y£/≥ \nb-¥n-°p∂p.

7. N¿®bv°p tijw Xocp-am\w Adn-bn-°p-∂p. thms´-Sp∏v Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ thms´-Sp-∏n-eqsS D≠mb

Xocp-am\w ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. (thm´p-Iƒ Xpey-am-bm¬ ]kn-U‚n\v ImÃnßv thmń-\v Ah-Im-i-

ap≠v.)

AP-≠-bn-en-√mØ bmsXmcp hnjbhpw N¿®bvs°-Sp-°m≥ ]mSn-√. A≤y-£≥ A\p-

h-Zn-°p∂ hnj-b-ßƒ, Bh-iy-amb a‰p Imcy-ßƒ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ AP-≠-Iƒ

A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hp-a-√. AXn-\m¬ Xocp-am\w Bh-iy-amb Hmtcm Imcyhpw ]tXyI

AP-≠-bmbn Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. ASn-b-¥nc kz`m-h-ap≈ k¿°m¿ IØp-Iƒ AP-

≠-bn¬ Cs√-¶nepw N¿® sNømhp∂-Xm-Wv.

8. A\p-h-Zn® ]ta-b-ßƒ AP≠ ]Imcw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ AwK-ßsf £Wn-°p-∂p. (ap≥Iqń

A\p-aXn tXSm-sX-bp-ff ]ta-b-ßƒ N¿®bv°v FSp-°m-hp-∂-X√.)

43

9. ]ta-b-ß-fn-t∑-ep-ff N¿®-Iƒ \S-°p-∂p. HcwKw Ia-c-ln-X-ambn s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw tbmKw

XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ B AwKsØ A≤y-£\v tbmK Znh-k-tØ°v kkvs]‚ v

sNømw.

10. N¿®bv°v tijw Xocp-am\w A≤y-£≥ ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. (Xocp-am\ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ ap≥hn-h-cn-®-

Xp-t]m-se.)

8.5. Xocp-am\w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

1. Hmtcm Xocp-am-\hpw skI-´dn X’-abw Xocp-am\ cPn-Ã-dn¬ Im¿_¨ t]∏¿ h®v Fgp-Xp-∂p.

2. tbmKm-h-km\w Xocp-am\ cPn-Ã-dn¬ ]kn-U‚pw skI-´-dnbpw H∏v shbv°p-∂p.

3. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ skI-´dn hmbn®v AwK-ßsf Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

4. Xocp-am\ cPn-Ã-dns‚ ]I¿∏v skI-´dn t\mókv t_m¿Un¬ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AwK-ßƒ°v

\¬Ip-∂p. sh_vssk-‰nepw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

8.6. an\n‰vkv

1. tbmKw Ign™v 3 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw skI-´dn IcSv an\n‰vkv Xøm-dm°n ]kn-U‚n\v \¬Ip-∂p-.

tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ (hn-tbm-P\ A`n-]mbw Dƒs∏-sS)

skI-´dn an\n‰vkn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ hntbm-P-\-ap-f-f-h¿°v, hntbm-P\

Ipdn∏v FgpXn skI-´-dn°v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. ]kn-U‚ v 24 aWn-°q-dn-\Iw an\n‰vkv AwKo-I-cn®v skI-´-dn°v \¬Ip-∂p.

3. skI-´dn AXv an\n‰vkv ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]I¿Øn FgpXn ]kn-U‚n-s\-sIm≠v H∏vsh∏n®v B[n-

Im-cn-I-am-°p-∂p.

4. an\n‰vkv t\mókv t_m¿Un¬ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

kI¿Ω Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm v‰v shb¿

]©m-bØv tbmK-Øns‚ AP-≠m-Ip-dn∏v kI¿Ω Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm v‰v shb-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Ønb tijw ]n‚ v Hu v AwK-ßƒ°v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. tbmK-\-S-]SnIƒ Bcw`n®p Ign-

™m¬ N¿®m hnj-b-ßfpw N¿®bpw tkm v‰v shb-dns‚ klm-b-tØmsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

CXn-\mbn Hcp Um‰m F≥Sn Hm∏-td-‰-dpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tbmK-Xo-cp-am-\-

ßfpw CtX coXn-bn¬ tkm v‰v shb-dns‚ klm-b-tØmsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Cu Imcy-ßƒ

skI- -dn-bpsS Npa-X-e-bn¬ sNbvX-tijw ]kn-U‚ v an\n‰vkv, Xocp-am-\-ßƒ F∂nh Iºyq-

-dn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww. (A-]qhv sNø-Ww). AtXmsS an\n‰vkv Xocpam\-ßƒ F∂nh ]q¿Øn-

bm-hpw. CXv ]n‚ v sNbvXv skI- dn H∏v sh®v ]©m-b-Øw-K-ßƒ°v \¬Ip-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

Xs∂ ]©m-bØv sh_vssk-‰nepw S®v kvIo≥ Iºyq- -dnepw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

]©m-bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿°v C -sa-bn¬ hgn CXv Ab®p sImSp-°pIbpw th-Ww.

]©m-bØv tbmK- \-S]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ1

44

8

8.7. Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°¬

• Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS ]I¿∏v F√m sk£-\p-I-fn-te°pw _‘-s∏´ LSI ÿm]\ß-fn-te-°pw

\¬Ip∂p.

• Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ an\n‰vkns‚ ]I¿∏v 10 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw ]©m-bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿°v

skI-´dn \¬Ip-∂p.

• Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°nsb∂v ]Xn-am-k tbmK-ß-fn¬ Dd-∏m°p-∂p.

8.8. ASn-b-¥n-c-tbmKw

Hcp km[m-cW tbmKw IqSn Xocp-am\w FSp-°p-hm≥ th≠ ka-b-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ ASn-b-¥n-c-

ambn ]©m-bØv Xocp-am\w Bh-iy-am-bn-h-cp∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Hcp ]tXyI tbmKw tNcm-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. tbmK-Øns‚ t\mókv 24 aWn-°q¿ apºv AwK-ßƒ°v \¬In-bn-cn-°-Ww.

8.9. tbmKw hnfn-®q-Iq- m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-S¬

]©m-b-Øns‚ AwK-kw-Jy-bpsS aq∂n¬ H∂n¬ Ipd-bmØ FÆw hcp∂ AwK-ßƒ GXm-h-iy-

Øn-\mtWm tbmKw hnfn-t°-≠-sX∂v hy‡-am-°n-s°m≠v tcJm-aqew Hcp t\mókv ]kn-U‚n\v

\¬Ip-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A°mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hcp ]tXyI tbmKw t\mókv

Inń ]Øp Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ At±lw hnfn-®p-Iq-t´-≠-Xm-Wv. t\mókv e`n®v 10 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw

]kn-U‚ v tbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-´m-Ø-]-£w, t\mókv \¬Inb AwK-ßƒ°v, skI-´-dnsb Adn-bn-®p-

sIm≠pw a‰w-K-ßƒ°v t\mókv \¬In-s°m≠pw ]©m-b-Øns‚ ]tXyI tbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-´m-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv.

8.10. ]tXyI AP-≠-Iƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tbmKw

Hcp ]tXyI AP≠ amXw N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn (D-Zm. _P-‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°¬, tem°¬ ^≠v

HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v N¿® sNø¬) hnfn®p tN¿°p∂ tbmK-amWv ]tXyI tbmKw. km[m-cW tbmKw

hnfn®p tN¿°p∂ coXn-b¬ Xs∂-bmWv ]tXyI tbmKhpw hnfn®p tN¿t°-≠-Xv.

8.11. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ßƒ

]©m-bØv tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v kam-\-amb coXn-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmK-ßfpw

\S-tØ-≠-Xv. 2000˛ se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n) N´-ß-fnse 16 apX¬ 19 hsc-bp≈

N´-ßƒ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-I-fpsS tbmK-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-ßƒ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-h-bmWv.

8.12. ]h¿Ø\ IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw tPmbn‚ v IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰v ]Imcw ]h¿Ø\ IΩ-‰n-Ifpw tPmbn‚ v IΩn-‰n-Ifpw cq]o-I-cn®v ]h¿Øn-

∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1995 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (]-h¿Ø\ IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw tPmbn‚ v IΩn-‰n-I-

fp-tSbpw cq]o-I-c-Whpw tbmK\-S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fpw) N´-ßƒ Cu c≠p IΩn-‰n-I-fp-tSbpw tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-I-

a-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°p-∂p.

45

BLANK

kZv c-Ww

9

9.1. F¥mWv kZv -cWw?

`cWw Fß-s\bmWv kZv`c-W-a-√m-Xm-IpI? kZv`-cWw Fß-s\-bmWv km[y-am-IpI? Gsd ]k-

‡-am-b tNmZy-ß-fm-Wn-h. Hcp P-\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ P\-ß-fm-Wt√m bYm¿∞ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ.

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿ-cp-sa√mw Ah¿°pth≠n tkh\w sNøp-∂-h¿ amX-am-Wv.

kZv`cWw F∂m¬ F¥m-sW∂v km[m-c-W-°m-c-\p-t]mepw Adn-bmw. \√ `cWw Xs∂. \√

`cWw F∂p]d-bp-tºmƒ B¿°v \√Xv F∂ tNmZy-ant√? `cn-°p-∂-h¿°v \√Xpw `cn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂h¿°v tami-hpsa-¶n¬ B `c-WsØ kZv`cWw F∂v hnfn-°mtam? `cWw P\-ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bm-

sW¶n¬ P\-ßƒ°v \√-Xm-sW∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ `cWw \√ `c-Whpw A√m-ØXv Zp¿`-c-W-hp-

amWv.

Hcp P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ `cWw P\-ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bmWv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ B¿°pw X¿°-

ap-≠m-In-√. P\-ßƒ°v th≠n-bmWv `cWw \S-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw th≠, AXv \√

`cWw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. ]ns∂-¥n-\mWv \mw kZv`-cWw F∂v ]tXyIw ]d-bp-∂Xv? P\m[n]Xy

hyh-ÿ- Xs∂ P\-ßsf ad∂v `cn-°p-∂-h¿°p th≠n-bp≈ `c-W-am-Im\pw CS-bp-≠v. Ht´sd DZm-l-

c-W-ßƒ Ncn-X-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Aßs\ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv P\m-[n-]Xy-Øns‚ XI¿®°pw

AXn-√mØ kmaq-ly-Ia-Øn\pw CS-h-cp-Øpw. AXv kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ \mw kZv`-cW XXz-Øn¬

Dd-®p-\nt∂ ]‰q.

9.2. ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ßƒ

Nne aqey-ß-fnepw XXz-ß-fnepw apdp-sI -]n-Sn-®m¬ amXta kZv`-cWw km[y-am-Ip. Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-

Sp-°p-tºmgpw \S-∏n-em-°p-tºmgpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw A°m-cy-ßƒ Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw

thWw. Ah Fs¥-√m-am-sW∂v t\m°mw.

i) \nb-a-hmgvN (Rule of Law)

GsXmcp `c-W-Iq-Shpw A\n-hm-cy-ambpw ]men-t°≠ G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ XXz-amWv \nb-a-hmgvN

Dd-∏m-°pI F∂-Xv. \nb-aØn\pap-ºn¬ F√m-hcpw ka-∑m-cm-sW∂pw B¿°p-th-≠nbpw \nbaw ewLn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√∂pw Dd-∏m-°p-tºmƒ AXv kZv-`-c-W-am-Ipw. As√-¶n¬ AXv Zp¿`-c-W-am-Ipw. Aßs\

hcp-tºmƒ BZyw CXv ]mh¿Øn-I-am-t°-≠Xv `c-W-IqS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv

FSp-°p∂ Xocp-am\ßfpw \S-∏n-em-°p∂ Imcy-ßfpw F√mw \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. `c-Wm-[n-

9.1. F¥mWv kZv`-cWw?

9.2. ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ßƒ

9.3. DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]¶v

47

Im-cn-Iƒ Xs∂ \nb-a]c-ambn hyh-ÿ-bp≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬ amXw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-I. A√mØ Imcy-

ß-fn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°pI. ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn \n¿∆-l-W-tbm-Ky-amb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ-amXw

FSp-°p-I, \S-∏m-°p-I.

ii) P\-]-¶m-fnØw (Participation)

A[n-Imcw P\-ßƒ°v F∂ P\-Io-bm-kq-X-W apZm-hmIyw A\z¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww `c-

Ww. A[n-Imcw Xßƒ°m-sW∂v Fß-s\bmWv P\-ßƒ°v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-I? Ah¿°v AXv A\p-

`-h-s∏-S-Ww. Fß-s\-bmWv AXv km[y-am-IpI? Adn-bm-\pw, A`n-]mbw ]d-bm\pw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m-

\pw, \S-∏n-em-°m-\pw, hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p-ap≈ A\p-Iqe kml-N-cyw D≠m-I-Ww. At∏mƒ AXv P\-]-

¶m-fnØ c-W-am-Ipw. P\-ß-fpsS KpW-]-c-amb ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°m≥ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ap≥Iqń

\¬Ip∂ Adnhv hfsc ][m-\-am-Wv.

F√m `c-W-˛-hn-I-k\ Imcy-ßfpw P\-ßƒ Adn-b-Ww. Adn™v A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ]d-b-Ww. A`n-

]m-b-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw tI´v G‰hpw icnbpw kzoIm-cy-hp-am-bh ]cn-K-Wn®v Xocp-am-\-ß-fn-se-Ø-Ww.

P\-ßfpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sSbpw ta¬t\m-´-Ønepw Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°-Ww. FSpØ Xocp-am-

\-ßfpw \S-∏n-em-°nb Imcy-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw hna¿in-°m\pw Ign-b-Ww. CsX√mw Ign-bp-sa-

¶n¬ AXv kZv`c-W-am-Ipw. Cs√-¶ntem?

iii) kpXm-cyX (Transparency)

`c-W-Øn¬ \nKq-V-X-I-fp-≠m-I-cp-Xv; F√mw P\-ßƒ°v Adn-bm\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw Ign-b-Ww.

tNm-Zn-®m¬ ]d-bmw, Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ sImSp°mw F∂-X√ kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-XmWv `c-W-

kp-Xm-cy-X-bpsS XXzw. hnhcmh-Imi \nbaw (Right to Information Act) AXn-\p≈ \nb-a-]n≥_-e-am-

Wv. \b-ßfpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw amX-a-√, \nb-a-ßƒ, N´-ßƒ, hyh-ÿ-Iƒ, \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ, am\-Z-WvU-

ßƒ, A¿l-X-Iƒ, ]hr-ØnIƒ, ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ, ta∑-Iƒ, Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ,

t\´-ßƒ, tIm´-ßƒ F√mw Gh¿°pw Adn-bm-hp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-I-Ww. icn-bmb P\-]-¶m-fnØw

kpXm-cy-X-bp-≠m-°p∂p; icn-bmb kpXm-cy-X°v P\-]-¶m-fnØw A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.

iv) Imcy-£aX (Efficiency)

Imcy-£-a-X-bn-√mØ `cWw P\-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Zp¿`-c-W-am-Ip-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-ban-√.

ImcWw AhnsS \oXntbm \nb-atam ]men-°-s∏-Sn-√. Iøq-°p-≈-h≥ Imcy-°m-c≥. th≠-sXm∂pw

th≠-k-a-bØv th≠-t]mse \S-°n-√. Agn-a-Xn, [q¿Øv, kzP-\-]-£-]mXw apX-em-bh apJ-ap-Z-

bmbncn°pw. hnI-k\w, Nne-cpsS amXw hnI-k-\-am-Ipw. \nb-a-Øn¬ ]d™ kmaq-ly-\oXn \ntj-[n-

°-s∏-Spw. Zp¿_-ecpw Ai-c-Wcpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Spw. Ch-sb√mw kZv c-W-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ß-fmtWm?

Db¿∂ c-W-Im-cy-£-aX kZv`-c-W-Øns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. c-W-Im-cy-£-a-X°v P\-]-¶m-fn-Øhpw kpXm-

cy-Xbpw A\n-hm-cy-hp-am-Wv.

v) XpeyX (Equity)

`c-Whpw hnI-k-\hpw kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ AXv F√m P\-ß-tfbpw Dƒs°m-

≈p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. c-W- tk-h-\-ßfpw t\´-ßfpw \oXn-bp-tSbpw A¿l-X-bp-tSbpw ASnÿm\-Øn¬

e`y-am-°-Ww. hn`m-Ko-b-Xtbm ]£-]m-Xn-Xz-tam, \n-b-a-ew-L-\tam A\o-Xntbm D≈ `c-W-Øn¬

XpeyX Pe-tc-J-bm-Ipw. AXv Zp¿`-c-W-am-Ipw.

vi) DØ-c-hm-ZnØw (Accountability)

`cWI¿Øm-°-fpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnØw F¥mWv? Btcm-SmWv? Xßfne¿∏n-X-amb Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-

th-‰p-I, sNbvX Imcy-ßƒ P\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. CXmWv IW°p ]d-bm-\p≈ _m[yX

kZv c-Ww1

48

9

(Accountability) As√-¶n¬ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-t±-in°p-∂-Xv. P\-ßƒ°p-th≠n P\-ß-

fpsS ]Whpw \mńse a‰v hn`-h-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv `c-W-˛-hn-I-k\ ]h¿Ø\-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v P\-ß-tfmSv IW°v ]d-bmØ `cWw kZv`c-W-a-√.

vii) ]Xn-Ic-Wm-flIX (Responsiveness)

P\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-ß-tfmSpw A`n-]m-b-ß-tfmSpw \n¿t±-i-ß-tfmSpw Ft∏mgpw A\p-Iq-e-ambn

]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂ `c-W-amWv kZv`-c-Ww. FSpØ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ, \S-Øp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

F∂nh Hcp ]tZ-i-Ønt\m P\-ßƒt°m KpW-I-c-a√ F∂p ImWp-tºmƒ, `c-W-˛-hn-I-k\ Imcy-ß-

fnse Zu¿_-ey-ßfpw t]mcm-bva-Ifpw P\-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-´p-tºmƒ AXn-t\mSv A-\p-Iq-e-ambn ]Xn-

Icn°m≥ Ign-b-Ww.

viii) ka-hmbw (Consensus)

Adn-hn-t‚bpw A\p-`-h-Øn-t‚bpw Bh-iy-ß-fp-tSbpw ]iv\-ß-fp-tSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hy‡n-

Iƒ°pw Kq∏p-Iƒ°pw Ah-cp-tS-Xmb A`n-]m-b-ßfpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Bh-em-Xn-Ifpw D≠m-Ipw.

Ah-sb√mw ]cn-K-Wn®v ka-hm-b-Øn-eqsS F√m-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-amb Xocp-am-\-ß-fnseØm≥ Ign-

b-Ww. \nb-a-hy-h-ÿbpw am\-Z-WvU-ßfpw ]men-°-s∏-´m¬ ka-hmbw km[y-am-Ipw.

ix) P\-ku-lrZkao-]\w (People Friendliness)

`cW˛-hn-I-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ P\-ku-lr-Z-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw P\-

ku-lrZ at\m- mh-tØmsS ]h¿Øn-°-Ww. ÿm]-\-ß-fnse kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw Ah-bn-eqsS \¬Ip∂

tkh-\-ßfpw P\-ku-lr-Z-]cam-bn-cn-°-Ww.

x) ]m]yX (Accessibility)

GXp `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-\p-≈n-te-°pw AhnsS \n∂p \¬Ip∂ F√m tkh-\-ßfpw A\p-`hn-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]m]yX GsXm-cm-fn\pw D≠m-I-Ww. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-ap≈ \n_-‘-\-Itfm Nn´-Itfm

CXn\v XS- -am-I-cp-Xv. kZv`-c-W-Øn\v \nZm-\-amb ][m-\-s∏´ XXz-ß-fmWv apI-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®-Xv.

Ch ]men-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw P\-ßƒ°v `c-W-Iq-S-Ønepw `c-W-I¿Øm-°-fnepw hnizm-k-

ap-≠m-Ipw, amX-a√ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-epw.

9.3. DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]¶v

kZv`cWw km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v \n¿Æm-bI ]¶p-h-ln-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXn\v Xmsg

]d-bp∂ aqey-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-hcpw Ah-tbmSv ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp-≈hcpam-IWw DtZym-K-ÿ¿.

• P\m-[n-]Xy at\m-`mhw

• \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-tbm-Sp≈ _lp-am\w

• P\-ku-lrZ ImgvN-∏mSv

• kpXm-cy-amb ]h¿Ø-\-coXn

• DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-t_m-[hpw IrXy-\n-jvTbpw

• ê-]m-]vXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xzc

• Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ, A\o-Xn, Agn-aXn F∂n-h-tbmSv cmPn-bm-Im-Xn-cn-°¬

ta¬∏-d™ aqey-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂, Imcy-ti-jnbpw t\Xr-Xz-Kp-W-hp-ap≈ DtZym-K-ÿ¿ D≈n-

SØv kZv`-cWw km[y-am-Ip-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.

49

BLANK

tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v

10

10.1. tSm´-¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v ˛ k¶ev]w

10.2. sNdp-h-Æq¿-˛-\-√fw : AXpey amXrI

10.2.1. tkh\ -tIµw

10.2.2.ùXnI kuI-cy-ßƒ

10.2.3.Hmôkv Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ

10.2.4.Hmôkv \ho-I-cWw

10.2.5.]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJbpsS ]Z¿i\w

10.2.6.]Z¿i\ t_m¿Up-Iƒ

10.2.7.Izmfn‰n k¿°nƒ

10.2.8.]cm-Xn- ]-cn-lmcw

10.2.9.\nc-¥c ]cn-io-e-\hpw AwKo-Im-chpw

]©m-b-Øv -cm-Pn-eqsS kzcmPpw (kzbw- -cWw Self Governance) kpcmPpw

(kZv`-cWw ˛ Good Governance) BWv Km‘nPn hn`m-h\ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. A[n-

Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-W-Øn¬ CXc kwÿm-\-ßsf At]-£n®v amXr-Im-]-c-amb Nph-

Sp-hbv]v \S-Ønb tIcfw ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fn-eqsS kzcmPpw kpcmPpw \S-∏n-

em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \bhpw \nb-ahpw Bhn-j-°-cn-®n-´p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

ssIam-dns°m≠v ]©m-b-Øp-Isf Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fmbn am‰p-∂-Xn-eqsS

Km‘nPn hn`m-h\ sNbvX ‘kzcmPv’ km£m-XvI-cn-°m≥ tIc-f-Øn\v Ign-™n-´p-

≠v. ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ Imcy-£-a-ambn \n¿∆ln-°p-∂-Xn\v

[\-hn-`-hhpw DtZym-Kÿcpw LS-I-ÿm-]-\-ßfpw ssIam-dn-bn-´pap-≠v. A[n-Im-c-hn-

tI-µo-I-cWw km¿∞-I-am-°m≥ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 1996 ¬

kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ \ntbm-Kn® tUm. kXy_-X- sk∂ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈

\Ωƒ sNbvX tPmen-I-fpsS KpW-ta-∑-bmWv ssZh-]o-Xn°v

]mX-am-Ip-∂Xv. A√msX FX FÆw sNbvXp F∂X√.

˛ -Km‘nPn

51

IΩn‰n \n¿t±-i-ßƒ kZv`-cW khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv. ‘sk≥’ IΩn-‰n-bpsS ip]m¿i

]Imcw 1999 ˛ ¬ tIcf ]©m-b-Øv -cmPv \nb-a-Ønepw tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-a-Ønepw hcp-

Ønb t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ kZv`-c-W- XXzß-fn¬ A[n-jvTnXamWv. ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fn-eqsS kpcmPv

(k-Zv-`-c-Ww) \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ tIcfw C\nbpw apt∂m-´p-t]m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kZv`-cW XXz-

ßƒ A≤ym-bw 9 ¬ hmbn-®n-cn-°p-a-t√m. Ah ]mh¿Øn-I-am°m\pff D]m-[n-bmWv tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n

amt\-Pvsa‚ v. ]¥≠mw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-°mbn tIµ Bkq-XW IΩo-j≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® am¿§-

tc-J-bnepw kwÿm\ Bkq-XW t_m¿Uns‚ h¿°nwKv Kq∏v dnt∏m¿ńepw tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-

Pvsa‚ v \S-∏n-em-°m-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-ß-fp-≠v.

10.1. tSm -¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v ˛ k¶ev]w

]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-Xs∂ P\-X-bpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ, ]mtZ-inI kml-

N-cyØn\-\p-k-cn®v \ndth-‰-s∏Sm-\m-Wv. ]c-º-cm-K-Xhpw ssIamdn e`n-®-Xp-amb hnhn[ tkh-\-ßƒ

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. CXns\ IrXy-ambn \n¿Æbn®pw \n¿∆-ln-®pw

P\-X-bpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ°-\p-krX-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn\v IrXyhpw imkvXo-b-hp-amb N´-°q-Sp-

Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\m-bp≈ Hcp ]mtbm-KnI amt\-Pvsa‚ v X¥-amWv tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n

amt\-Pvsa‚ v (Total Quality Management) AYhm TQM. TQM XXz-ß-fne-[n-jvTn-X-amb ÿm]-\-

Øn¬ sa®-s∏´ Hmôkv amt\-Pvsa‚pw KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ tkh-\-]-Zm\ kwhn-[m-\hpw km[y-am-Wv.

TQM s‚ ImgvN-∏mSv AXns‚ t]cn¬Xs∂ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p ˛ AXm-bXv kºq¿Æw, KpW-

ta-∑, ]cn-]m-e\w; kºq¿Æ-amb KpW-ta∑ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm\p≈ ]cn-]m-e\ DZy-a-amWv TQM.

kºq¿ÆXsb∂Xv KpW-ta-∑-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ amX-a-√, ia-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw D≠m-I-Ww. DtZym-

Kÿ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]uc-∑m-cp-ambpw Iq´mb iaw. TQM F∂Xv Hcp XpS¿ ]In-b-bm-Wv. CXv

]q¿Æ-ambpw P\-tI-µo-Ir-Xhpw KpW-ta∑m kwkvImcw krjvSn-°p-∂Xp-am-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ LS-I-

ßsf D]-tbm-Kn®psIm-≠p-Xs∂ tkh-\-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏-SpØ-emWv CXn-

eqsS e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. \ne-hn-ep-≈- Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏´ e£y-ß-fpsS ]m]vXn-bn-

te-°p≈ hnS-hp-Isf \nIØp∂ hnImk ]cn-Wma ]In-b-bm-Wv- TQM.

TQM XXz-ßƒ

• P\-tI-µo-IrXw (People Centered)• ta¬X v ]n¥pW (Top Management Support)• ]¶m-fnØw (P-\-ßƒ, P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, DtZym-K-ÿ¿)

• ]In-bm[njvTXw (Process Oriented)• hyqlm-[n-jvTnXw (System Oriented)• XpS¿®-bmb sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ DZyaw (Continuous Improvement)• hkvXp-Xm-[n-jvTnX Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°¬ (Factual Based Decision Making)• ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-_‘w (Mutually Benefited Inter Relationship)

tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v1

52

10

TQM A\p-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ ]h¿Ø\ kwhn-[m-\hpw XZzmc kZv`-cWhpw

km[y-amIpw. ]h¿Ø\ KpW-ta-∑-bv°mbn tIm¿∏-td‰v cwKØv A\p-h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ (TQM) ]©m-b-

ØpI-fnepw km[y-sa∂v tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bnse sNdp-h-Æq¿-˛-\-√fw Kma]©m-bØv1 2007 ¬v sXfn-

bn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

10.2. sNdp-h-Æq¿- -\-√fw : AXpey amXrI

TQM s‚ `mK-ambn tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bnse sNdp-h-Æq¿-˛-\-

√fw Kma-]-©m-b-Ø vÃm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn-‰n,

]©m-bØv kanXn F∂o Xe-ß-fnse N¿®-I-fn-eqsS TQM\S-∏n-em-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. XpS¿∂v Poh-\-°m-cp-ambpw P\-

]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-ambpw H‰°pw Iq´mbpw N¿®Iƒ \S-Øn. AXn-

s‚- `m-K-ambn sNdp-h-Æq¿-˛-\-√fw Kma-]-©m-b-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-

°nb Imcy-ß-ƒ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

10.2.1. tkh\ -tIµw

s]mXp-P-\-ß-fpsS At]-£-Ifpw ]cm-Xn-Ifpw X]m-ep-Ifpw kzoI-cn-°m-\mbn ]©m-b-Øm- o-kn\p

ap∂n¬ ‘tkh\ tIµw’ F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp Iu≠¿ ÿm]n-®p. tkh\ tIµ-Øns‚ ASn-b-¥nc

Bhiyw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v km£-cXm t]cIvamsc \ntbm-Kn-®p. tkh\ tIµ-Øn¬ P\-ß-fpsS

At]£ kzoI-cn-°pI, tkh\w/hnhcw \¬IpI F∂n-hbv°mWv t]c-Ivamsc \ntbm-Kn-®-Xv. kzoI-

cn-°p∂ At]-£-Iƒ°v tkh\w e`n-°p∂ XobXn

tcJ-s∏-SpØn ssI∏‰v ckoXv sImSp-°p-Ibpw, F√m

At]-£-Iƒ°pw tcJ-bp-≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah

\¬Ip-hm-\p≈ DtZym-Kÿ DØ-c-hm-ZnØhpw Dd-

∏m°n. At]-£-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-

l-cn®v AXXv sk£-\p-I-fn-te°v sImSp-°pI-, tkh-

\-ßƒ/k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ sk£-\p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

IrXy-k-a-bØv Xs∂ tiJ-cn®v P\-ßƒ°v ssIam-

dp-I XpS-ßn-bh°mbn F¿s∏SpØnb ‘tkh\

tIµw’ F∂ Bi-b-amWv 2009˛¬ ^≠v Hmô-kmbn

cq]m-¥cw ]m]n-®-Xv.

10.2.2.ùXnI kuI-cy-ßƒ

s]mXp-P-\-ß-ƒ°v Fgp-Xp-hm-\pw, At]£ Xøm-dm-°m-\p-ap≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ°mbn Ccn-∏n-S-ßfpw

Fgp-Xm-\p≈ taibpw k÷o-I-cn®p. IqSmsX t]\, t]∏¿, At]£m t^mdw, ]i, ]n≥, ¢n∏p-Iƒ,

SmKv F∂nhbpw; IpSn-°p-hm-\p≈ ip≤-P-ew, Snhn ImWp-hm-\p≈ kuI-cyw, Hmôkv ka-b-Ø-√msX

hcp∂ ]cm-Xn-Ifpw X]m-ep-Ifpw CSm≥ ]cm-Xn-s∏-ń, apXn¿∂-h¿°pw Ipń-Iƒ°pap≈ hmb\

tIm¿W¿; kvXoIƒ°pw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw ]tXyI kuI-cyßtfmSp-Iq-SnbXpw hrØn-bp-≈Xpamb

_mØv dqapIƒ, ]Ya NnIn’m In‰v F∂n-hbpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn.

10.2.3. Hmôkv Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ

Hmô-kn-\-IØv F√m Poh-\-°m¿°pw ]c-kv]cw ImWm≥ ]mI-Øn\v Ccn-∏n-S-ßƒ ]p\:Iao-I-

cn®p. Hmô-kn-\-IØv Bh-iy-amb tÃj-\dn k÷o-I-cn-®p. F√m At]£m t^md-ßfpw hnX-c-W-

Øn-\mbn P\ -tk-h\ tIµ-Øn¬ Xøm-dm-°n-h-®p. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, LS-I-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ, IpSpw-

_io `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ a‰p ][m-\-s∏´h¿ F∂nh-cpsS t^m¨ \º-dp-Ifpw hnem-k-ßfpw IqSmsX

531 2010 ¬ ]©m-b-Øns\ tImgn-t°mSv tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-ambn ebn-∏n-®p.

]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-Jbpw s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw e`y-am-I-Ø-°-co-Xn-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°n-h-

®p. hcp∂ At]-£-Iƒ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tc-J-s∏-SpØn thK-Øn¬ skIvj-\p-I-fn-te°v FØn°m-\pw,

X≥]-Xn-th-Sn¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØn ^b-ep-I-fpsS Ne\w a\- n-em-°m\pw kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-°n. IqSmsX

Poh-\-°m-¿ Hmô-kn¬ FØn°gn-™m¬ AXn-\p-tijw ]pdØv a‰v Hmô-kp-I-fn-tet°m ô¬Un-

tet°m t]mIp-∂ hnhcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ aqhvsa‚ v cPn-Ãdpw G¿s∏-SpØn.

10.2.4. Hmôkv \ho-I-cWw

]©m-bØv sIńSw s]bn‚-Sn®v hrØn-bm-°n. Hmôkv ^¿Wo-®-dp-I-fpsS A‰-Ip-‰-∏-Wn-Iƒ \S-

Øn. Hmôkv ]cn-k-cw ipNo-I-cn-®p. Poh-\-°m-cpsS t]cp-hn-hcw skIvj≥ Ch Fgp-Xnb t_m¿Uv

Ccn-∏n-S-ß-fn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n®p. Iºyq-´¿ kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. sd°m¿Uv dqw k÷o-I-cn®v F√m

]am-W-ßfpw, tcJ-I-fpw sRmSn-bn-S-bn¬ In -Ø-°-co-Xn-bn¬ ASp-°n-h-bv°p-I-bpw, AXns‚ kq£n∏pw

hnX-c-Whpw Poh-\-°msc Gev]n-®p.

10.2.5. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJbpsS ]Z¿i\w

]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ P\-ßfpsS IqSn Bi-b-ßƒ Dƒt®¿Øv ]p\:cmhnjv°-cn-®p. tkh-\-ßƒ,

Ah e`n-°p-hm≥ th≠ ]c-am-h[n ka-bw, ôkv, At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w hbvt°≠ a‰p tcJ-Iƒ

F∂nh tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb henb t_m¿Uv ]©m-bØv Hmô-kn\p apºn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-®p. ]ucm-h-Im-

i-tcJ P\-ßƒ h∂p-tN-cp∂ F√m Hmô-kp-I-fnepw A¶Whm-Sn-Iƒ, cmjvSo-b]m¿ń Hmô-kp-

Iƒ, sXmgn-emfn kt¶-X-ßƒ, LSIÿm]-\-ßƒ, hoSp-Iƒ, Kma-k`, F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw hnX-cWw

sNbvXp.

10.2.6. ]Z¿i\ t_m¿Up-Iƒ

]©m-bØv Hmô-kn-\p-]p-dØv t\mókv t_m¿Uv, ao‰nwKv t_m¿Up-Iƒ (Kma-k-`m tbmKw, ]©m-

b-Øv tbmKw, Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n tbmKw, Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn‰n tbmKw, Ãm^v tbmKw), Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥,

A∏-te‰v ssS_yq-W¬, PmK-Xm-k-an-Xn, P\-\-˛-a-cW cPn-kvtS-j≥, hnh-cm-h-Imi \nb-aw, hnPn-

e≥kv & B‚-nI-d-]vj≥ _yqtdm apX-em-bh kw_-‘n® hnh-c-ßƒ, Hmôkv ]h¿Ø\ ka-bw,

skIvj-\p-I-fpsS Npa-X-e, P\-]-Xn-\n-[nIfp-tSbpw Poh-\-°m-cptSbpw lmP¿ F∂nh ]Z¿in-∏n-®p.

CXneqsS s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v Hmô-kn¬ h∂m¬ ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX BcmWv Imcy-ßƒ sNøp-

∂-Xv, Poh-\-°m¿ FØn-bn-´p-t≠m, F∂v thK-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-®p. Ch ]pXp-°p∂ DØ-

c-hm-ZnØw \n¿Æ-bn-®p. hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ XpS¿®-bmbn \S-Øn.

10.2.7. Izmfn‰n k¿°nƒ

]©m-b-Ønse hnhn[ ZuXy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Poh-\-°m-cpsS Izmfn‰n k¿°nƒ cq]o-

I-cn-®p. ]©m-bØv Hmôknse ]iv\-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw D≈ thZn-

bm-bpw, ]cn-io-e\ hnj-b-ßƒ \n›-bn-°p-I, kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI F∂o DØ-c-hm-ZnØßƒ \nd-th-‰m-

\p≈ kwhn-[m\ambpw, ]c-kv]c kulrZw Duń-bp-d-∏n-°m-\p≈ hgn-Im-ń-bmbpw Poh-\-°m-cpsS

Izmfn‰n k¿°nƒ kwhn-[m\w D]-I-cn-®p.

10.2.8. ]cm-Xn- ]-cn-lmcw

]©m-b-Ønep≠m-Ip∂ c-W- -hn-I-k-\- -t£a ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kw_-‘n®v ]uc-∑m¿°p-≠m-Ip∂

]cm-XnIƒ ]©m-b-Øv `c-W-k-anXn ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn Xo¿∏m°n. Ah-bpsS sdt°m¿Upw kq-

£n®p. Poh-\-°m-cpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ ]cm-Xn-Ifpw/]iv\-ßfpw kwbp‡ kanXn2

cq]o-I-cn®v ]cn-l-cn®p. Poh-\-°mcpw s]mXp-P-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ ]iv\-ßƒ Izmfn‰n k¿°nƒ ]cn-l-cn-

°p-Ibpw Ign-bm-Øh [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰nbpsS ]cn-K-W-\bv°v hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. [\-Imcy

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰nbpsS \n¿t±-i-ßƒ Ãnb-dnwKv IΩ-‰nbpw ]©m-bØv kan-Xnbpw AwKo-Icw \¬In

\S-∏n-em-°n. IqSmsX s]mXp-P-\-ß-ƒ, Poh-\-°m¿, P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS ]cmXnIƒ ]cn-

tSm´¬ Izmfn‰n amt\-Pvsa‚ v1

54

10

l-cn-°m≥ ]©m-bØv kan-Xn I¿Ω-\n-c-X-cm-bn. ka-b-_-‘n-X-amb Xo¿∏m-°-en\pw P\]-Xn-\n[nIfpw

Poh-\-°m-cpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c CS-s]-S¬ lrZyam°p-∂-Xnepw ]©m-bØv `c-W-k-an-XnbpsS \nc-

¥c ]cn-i-aØneq-sSbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ tbmK-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Ign-™p.

10.2.9. \nc-¥c ]cn-io-e-\hpw AwKo-Im-chpw

Poh-\-°m-cp-tSbpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-

tSbpw Imcy-]m]vXn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\pw \qX\ Bi-b-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°p-

∂-Xn-\p-ambn ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-

ßƒ, N´-ßƒ, hy‡nXz hnIm-kw,

kmt¶-XnI I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ XpSßo

hnj-b-ßsf-°p-dn®v F√m amk-hpw

BZysØ sh≈n-bmgvN D®-°p-tijw

¢m p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. IqSmsX

G‰hpw \√ ]h¿Ø\w ImgvN-h-

bv°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿs\ `c-W-k-anXn

A`n-\-µ-\-ßtfm kΩm-\-ßtfm \¬In

t]m’m-ln-∏n-®p.

ta¬X´p ]n¥p-W-bpw, P\-tI-µo-Ir-

X ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Iq´m-bvabpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-

Øn, Hmtcm ]In-b-bpw kwhn-[m-\hpw

XpS¿®-bmbn hne-bn-cpØn, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-

¬ iaw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn hne-bn-cp

Øn, ]c-kv]-c -_‘w kpK-a-am°n.

Aßs\ TQM eqsS kZv`-cWw \S-∏n-

em-°nb sNdp-h-Æq¿-˛-\-√fw Kma-]-©m-

b-Øns‚ amXr-I-bmWv 2009 ˛ ¬ ^≠v

Hmôkv Bbn ]cn-W-an-®-Xv.

55

BLANK

^≠v Hmôkv kwhn-[m\w

11

11.1. ^≠v Hmôkv

11.2. ^≠v Hmôkv ]h¿Ø\ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

11.2.1. X]m¬ kzoI-cWw

11.2.2. X]m-ep-I-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥

11.2.3. ssI∏‰v cko-Xv, ]Ww kzoI-cn-°¬

11.2.4. ^≠v Hmôkv Ubdn

11.2.5. X]m-ep-I-fpsS hnX-cWw

11.2.6. tkh-\-ßƒ \¬I¬

11.2.7. ^≠v Hmôkv Akn-Ã‚ v, A‰‚¿

11.2.8 ^≠v Hmôkv kq∏¿ssh-k¿

11.2.9. ^≠v Hmôkv ]h¿Ø-\-k-abw

11.3. ^≠v Hmôkv ˛ ùXnI kuI-cy-ßƒ

11.1. ^≠v Hmôkv

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 272-F,

2004˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (]u-cm-h-Im-

i-tcJ Xøm-dm-°¬) N´-ßƒ F∂nh ]Imcw

Hmtcm ]©m-bØpw cq]o-Ir-X-ambn ]c-am-h[n

Bdv amk-Øn-\Iw ]uc-∑m¿°v \¬Ip∂

tkh-\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hyh-ÿ-Ifpw Ah

e`y-am-°p∂ ka-b-]-cn-[nbpw kw_-‘n® hnh-

c-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]kn-≤-

s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw BbXv h¿jm-h¿jw ]cn-jvI-

cn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. CXn-\p-]p-dsa 2012˛se tkh-

\m-h-Imi \nbaw A\p-k-cn®v \n›nX tkh-

\-ßƒ \n›-bn-°-s∏´ ka-b-]-cn-[n-°Iw

\¬tI-≠Xv ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv.

]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]Im-chpw tkh-\m-h-Imi

57

\nb-a-]-Im-chpw tkh-\-ßƒ e`y-am-°m≥ Imcy-£-a-amb ^≠v Hmôkv kwhn-[m-\hpw sabn≥

Hmôkv kwhn-[m-\hpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Xt±-i-kz-bw`-cW hIp-∏ns‚ 2.7.2009 ˛ se k.-D.(km[m)

123/2009 DØ-c-h-\p-k-cn®v F√m ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw Hcp ^≠v Hmôkv kwhn-[m\w ]h¿Øn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

11.2. ^≠v Hmôkv ]h¿Ø\ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

11.2.1. X]m¬ kzoI-cWw

t\cn´pw A√m-sXbpw e`n-°p∂ F√m X]m-ep-Ifpw ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C˛-

sa-bn¬ hgn e`n-°p-∂h ]n‚ v Hu´v FSpØpw sSe-t^m¨ ktµiw t^m¨ A‰‚ v sNøp∂ DtZym-

K-ÿ≥ Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-SpØn B[n-Im-cn-I-am-°nbpw X]m-embn cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

^≠v Hmôkv Npa-X-e-bp≈ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ t]cp

h®h Hgn-sI-bp≈ F√m X]m-ep-Ifpw Xpd-t°-≠Xpw

Xob-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hmôkv ko¬ ]Xn-∏n®v Ãmºp-

Iƒ d±m-°n DS≥Xs∂ cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xpam-Wv.

t]cp h® X]m-ep-Iƒ ta¬hn-em-k-°m-c\v \¬tI-

≠Xpw HutZym-KnI kz`m-h-ap-≈h XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-

Iƒ°mbn DS≥Xs∂ ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ \evtI-≠-

Xp-am-Wv. ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ e`n-°p∂ At]-£-I-

fn¬ At]-£-I-cpsS H∏pw Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-ßfpw

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠∂pw Bh-iy-amb ôkv HSp-°n-bn-´p-s≠∂pw sN°v enÃv ]Im-c-ap≈ tcJ-

Iƒ ka¿∏n-®n-´p-s≠∂pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

11.2.2. X]m-ep-I-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥

^≠v Hmô-kn¬ e`n-°p∂ X]m-ep-I-fpsS hnh-c-ßƒ hnX-cW cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

X]m-ense \º-dp-Iƒ Hmtcm Ie-≠¿ h¿j-Ønepw ]pXp-Xmbn Bcw-`n-t°-≠Xpw h¿jm-h-km\w

hsc XpS¿®-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

11.2.3. ssI∏‰v cko-Xv, ]Ww kzoI-cn-°¬

t\cn´v e`n-°p∂ F√m X]m-ep-Iƒ°pw ssI∏‰v ckoXv \¬tI-≠Xpw tkh\w e`y-am-°p∂

XobXn AXn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv. tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-b-]-cn[n GsX-¶nepw

\nb-a-Øntem N´-ß-fntem k¿°m¿ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ß-fntem \njv°¿jn-®n-´p≈ ka-b-]-cn-[n-bn¬

A[n-I-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√.

]©m-b-Øn-te-°p≈ F√m hc-hp-Ifpw N´-]-Im-c-ap≈ ckoXv \¬In ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ Xs∂

kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xpw F√m Znh-khpw 3 aWn°v Xs∂ Hmôkv IfIvj≥ XPn-Ã¿ apJm-¥ncw Imjns‚

Npa-X-e-bp≈ DtZym-K-ÿ\v ssIam-td-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

11.2.4. ^≠v Hmôkv Ubdn

^≠v Hmô-kn¬ kzoIcn-°p-∂Xpw tkh\w \¬tI-≠-Xp-amb At]-£-I-fp-tSbpw ]cm-Xn-I-fp-

tSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ bYm-k-abw tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\mbn ^≠v Hmôkv Ubdn

kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

^≠v Hmôkv kwhn-[m\w1

58

11

11.2.5. X]m-ep-I-fpsS hnX-cWw

AXmXv Znhkw tkh\w e`y-am-t°≠ X]m-ep-I-fpw ASn-b-¥nc X]m-ep-I-fpw ]c-am-h[n 30 an\n-

‰n-\-Ihpw a‰p X]m-ep-Iƒ At∂ Znhkw Xs∂ Ign-bp-∂X thK-Ønepw F∂m¬ sshIo´v 4 aWn°v

apºmbpw AXmXv sk£\p-I-fn-te°v ssIam-td-≠-Xm-Wv.

skI-´-dn, ]kn-U‚ v F∂n-hcpsS ]tXyI \n¿t±iw Bh-iy-amb X]m-ep-Iƒ t\cn´v skI-´-

dn°v/]kn-U-‚n\v \¬tI≠Xpw Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±iw e`y-amb tijw sk£\pIƒ°v ssIam-td-

≠-Xp-am-Wv.

11.2.6. tkh-\-ßƒ \¬I¬

At]-£-I\v \¬Inb ssI∏‰v ckoXn¬ F∂v tkh\w \¬I-W-sa∂v ImWn® Xob-Xn°p apºmbn

sk£-\p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah hmßn ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. At]-£-I≥ lmP-cm-Ip-

tºmƒ tkh\w/tcJ At]-£-I\v \¬In H∏v hmßn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

11.2.7. ^≠v Hmôkv Akn-Ã‚ v, A‰‚¿

^≠v Hmô-knse Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ¢dn°¬ Poh-\-°msc ]Xn-Zn\ sdmt´-

j≥ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \ntbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]h¿Ø-\-Np-a-Xe Hmtcm Znh-khpw sshIp-t∂cw

ssIam-td-≠Xpw Npa-Xem ssIam‰w ^≠v Hmôkv Uyqń cPn-Ã-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw A]-

Imcw Npa-Xem ssIam‰w \S-Øp-tºmƒ ckoXv _p°v, cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ a‰p tcJ-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw ssIamdn

F∂p Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

^≠v Hmôkv Npa-X-e-°msc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v emÃv tKUv Poh-\-°msc \ntbm-Kn-t°-≠-

XmWv.

11.2.8 ^≠v Hmôkv kq∏¿ssh-k¿

Hmôkv `cW kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ kq∏¿ssh-k-dmb Pq\n-b¿ kq]≠v/slUv ¢m¿°ns‚ t\cn-

´p≈ \nb-¥-W-Øn-emWv ^≠v Hmôkv ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xv.

e`n-°p∂ F√m X]m-ep-Ifpw cPn-Ã¿

sNøp-∂p-s≠∂pw ssI∏‰v ckoXv \¬Ip-∂p-

s≠∂pw cPn-Ã¿ sNbvX X]m-ep-Iƒ IrXy-

k-a-bØv hnX-cWw sNøp-∂p-s≠∂pw tkh-

\ -ßƒ bYm -hn[n \¬Ip -∂p -s≠∂pw

kq∏¿ssh-k¿ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv

11.2.9. ^≠v Hmôkv ]h¿Ø-\-k-abw

^≠v Hmôkv ]h¿Ø-\-k-abw cmhnse

10 aWn apX¬ sshIp-t∂cpw 5 aWn hsc

Bbn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv (G.O.(MS)2876/12/LSGD dtd 16.10.2012).

11.3. ^≠v Hmôkv ˛ ùXnI kuI-cy-ßƒ

^≠v Hmô-kn¬ FØp∂ s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°mbn s]mXp-P-\-˛-P‚¿-˛-inip˛h-tbm-P\ kulrZ

kuI-cy-ßƒ (C-cn-∏n-S-ßƒ, tai, IpSn-sh-≈w, tSmbve‰v apX-em-b-h) D≠mbncn-t°≠XmWv. AXp-

59

^≠v Hmôkv kwhn-[m\w1

60

11

t]mse ^≠v Hmôkv Npa-X-e-°m-cmb Poh-\-°m¿°p-

th≠ F√m uXnI kuI-cy-ßfpw (C-cn-∏n-S-ku-I-cyw,

tai, sj¬^v, Im_n≥, ]Ww kq£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

kwhn-[m-\w, tÃj-\-dn, t^md-ßƒ apX-em-b-h) D≠m-

bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Hm- okv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

12

12.1. Hmôkv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

12.2. X]m¬

12.3. X]m¬ hnX-c-Ww

12.4. t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã¿

12.5. ^b-ep-I-fnse \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

12.6. Ipdn∏pw \°epw A epw Xøm-dm-°¬

12.7. ^b-ep-I-fpsS Xo¿∏pw kq£n∏pw

12.8. A\p-a-Xn-]Xw/k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-I-fn¬

t]cp-k-ln-X-ap≈ ko¬ ]Xn-°¬

Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnse Hmôkv ]h¿Ø\ coXn A\p-k-cn®v, k¿°m-cns‚ hnhn[ Un∏m¿´p-

sa‚ v Hm-ô-kp-I-fn¬ ^b-ep-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]men®phcp∂ M.O.P. ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men-

°-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√. k¿°m-cns‚ Un∏m¿´p-sa‚ v Hm- o-kp-Iƒ t]mse b-ep-Iƒ amXw ssIImcyw

sNøp∂ coXn-bn-e√ ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnse ]h¿Ø\w. hnhn[ Un∏m¿´p-sa‚p-Iƒ hgn k¿°m¿ JP-

\m-hn-tebv°v \S-Øp∂ dh\yp ]h¿Ø\ coXn-Ifpw, acmaØv, Sjdn XpS-ßnb Un∏m¿´p-sa‚pIƒt]m-

se-bp≈ sNehv ]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Ifpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp tem°¬ skI-t´-dn-b‰v F∂ \ne-bn-

emWv Ch ]h¿Øn®phcp-∂Xv.

]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ DtZym-K-ÿsc IqSmsX Hcp tem°¬ skI-t´-dn-b‰v F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]kn-

U‚ v, Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am≥am¿ F∂nhcpw b-ep-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂p≠v. M.O.P A\p-k-

cn®v Poh-\-°m¿°v Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw Gev]n®p \evIp-tºmƒ AXv ]uc-mh-Im-i-tc-

J-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn sIm≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. s]mXp-]Ww kzcq-]n-°ptºmgpw sNe-h-gn-°p-tºmgpw

AXns‚ A°u-≠-_n-en‰n a‰p-≈-hsc t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]Ww ssIImcyw sNøp∂-h¿ _m≤y-

ÿ-cmWv. CsX√mw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm≠pthWw Hmôkv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ Iao-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv.

12.1. Hmôkv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

]©m-b-Øv -cmPv kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS h∂ am‰-ß-ƒ°-\p-krXambn ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°pth≠n Hcp

Hm-ôkv s]mkoPn-b¿ am\z¬ D≠mbn-ń√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Hm-ô-kns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ Nn´-tbmSpw

Imcy-£-a-bmbpw \n¿∆-lnt°≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv. AXn-\p-th≠n A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ XkvXn-I-Iƒ

A\p-k-cn®pw tPmen-Iƒ sk£-\p-I-fmbn hn`-Pn®pw Hm-ôkv DØ-chv \¬In AXp-]-Im-c-amWv

61

Hmôkv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xv. Hmôkv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ°v

ASn-ÿm-\-am-bn-´p-≈Xv Manual of Office Procedure (M.O.P.) Xs∂-bm-

Wv. DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v ÿew-am-‰w, eohv F∂nh D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ ^b-

ep-Iƒ ssIam-dp-∂-Xns‚ hy‡-amb tcJ-Iƒ kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

12.2. X]m¬

X]m-em-∏okv aptJ\tbm tem°¬ Uen-hdn ap-tJ-\tbm t\cnt´m

k¿°m-cn¬\nt∂m, hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fn¬\nt∂m, hnhn[ ]©m-b-Øp-

I-fn¬\nt∂m, s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬\nt∂m, s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ßfn¬

\nt∂m e`n-°p∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ, \n¿t±-i-ßƒ, At]-£-Iƒ, DØ-c-hp-

Iƒ F∂nh-sb√mw \º¿ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc X]m¬ F∂dn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p.

• X]m¬ ssI∏t‰-≠Xv ^≠v Hmô-kn-em-Wv. s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ At]-£-Iƒ°v

At∏mƒXs∂ cioXn \evIm-\p≈ Npa-X-ebpw ^≠v Hmôkv DtZym-K-ÿ-\mWv. k¿°m¿ Kk

‰p-Iƒ, B\p-Im-enI ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ, t\mó-kp-Iƒ F∂n-hbv°v \º¿ CtS-≠-Xn√.

• clkyw, A\utZym-KnIw Fs∂-gp-Xn-bhbpw t]cp-h-®-Xp-amb X]m-ep-Iƒ ta¬hn-em-k-°m-c≥

Xs∂ Xpd-°Ww.

• ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ e`n-°p∂ X]m-ep-Iƒ Ahn-sS-bp≈ hnX-cW cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øn \º-dn-tS-≠-

Xm-Wv.

• t\cn´p e`n-°p∂ F√m X]m-ep-Iƒ°pw ^≠v Hmô-kn¬ \n∂v ssI∏‰v cioXn \¬tI-≠-

XmWv.

12.3. X]m¬ hnX-c-Ww

• ^≠v Hm-ô-kn¬ e`n-°p∂ X]m-ep-Iƒ _‘-s∏´ sk£\n-tebv°v \evIp-Ibpw Ah AXmXp

sk£-\p-I-fnse t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.

• k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ°p≈ At]-£-Iƒ ]tXy-I-ambn Cu Bh-iy-Øn\v th≠n kq£n-°p∂ cPn-

Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-Ibpw k¿ń- n-°‰v \evIp-tºmƒ AXn¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØpIbpw thWw. Cßs\bp≈

At]-£-I-fn¬ At\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Gev]n-°p∂ hnh-c-ßfpw Cu cPn-Ã-dn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-

°Ww.

• hnhn[ t£a ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, sXmgn-en-√mbvamthX\w, s]≥j\pIƒ F∂n-hbv°v ]tXyI Xocp-am-

\-ßƒ°mbn ^b-epIƒ \evIp-tºmƒ Ah cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Ø,v ssI∏-‰nb hnhcw tcJs∏-SpØn

hmßWw.

• Hm-ô- n¬ e`n-°p∂ X]m-ep-Iƒ ]kn-U‚ v/skI-´dn ]°¬ \n∂p≈ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ°mbn

bYmkabw Ah¿°v \¬IWw. IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ Pn√m-Xew apX¬ ]kn-U‚ v hgn Bbn-cn-°Ww.

12.4. t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã¿

• Hmtcm ko‰nepw In´p∂ X]m-ep-Iƒ ]kvXpX ko‰nse ¢m¿°p-am¿ X≥]-Xn-th-Sn¬ (PersonalRegister) tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm h¿j-Øn\pw Hmtcm ]pXnb cPn-Ã¿ Xpd-t°-≠Xpw BZy-

t]Pn¬ t]Pv k¿ń- n-°‰v tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw sk£≥ kq]-‚n-s‚bpw ko‰nse ¢m¿°n-s‚bpw

t]cv tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv. ]kvXpX ko‰n¬ F∂v apX¬ tPmen sNøp∂p F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-

tØ-≠Xpw am‰-ßƒ bYm-k-abw cPn-Ã-dn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

Hm- okv \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ1

62

12

]pXp-h¿j-Øn¬ Xpd-°p∂ t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dns‚ BZy-`m-KØv Ipsd t]PpIƒ Fgp-XmsX

Icp-tX-≠-Xm-Wv. ap≥h¿j-ß-fnse Xo¿∏m-ImØ IpSn-»nI ^b-ep-Iƒ G]n¬ H∂mw XobXn h®v

tN¿°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv.

Id‚ v \º¿ ˛ Hcp X]m¬ Bô-kn¬ Inń \º-dn´v Hmôkv apZ ]Xn-∏n®v Xo¿∏m-°p-∂-Xp-hsc

Id‚ v Bbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Aß-s\-bn-Sp∂ \º¿ Id‚ v \º¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xpam-Ip∂p.

Id‚ v ^b¬ ˛ XpS-°-Øn¬ Xo¿∏n-en-cn-°p∂ HutZym-KnI IS-em- p-Ifpw AhtbmSv ]n∂oSv

tN¿°p∂ CS-°n-S-°p≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ°p≈ adp-]-Sn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv Id‚ v b¬. Ch apgp-

h\pw Imem-\p-krX Ia-Øn¬ AS°n h®n-´p-≈-Xp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

io¿jIw ˛ Hcp ]tXyI t]∏-dns\ kw_-‘n® vkq-Nn-I-bn¬ tN¿°p-∂-Xn\v io¿jIw F∂p ]d-

bp-∂p.

Xe-s°´v kqNn-I-bn¬ io¿j-I-Øns‚ A£-c-am-e-I-a-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

io¿j-I-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ tN¿°p∂ ][m\ hm°mWv Xe-s°-´v.

12.5. ^b-ep-I-fnse \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

Hcp X]m¬ t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-∂-tXmsS ^b-en¬ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂p. t]gvk-

W¬ cPn-Ãdn¬ tN¿Øhbn¬ ap≥^-b-ep-I-fn¬ tN¿t°-≠-hbpw ]pXnb ^b-embn ssIImcyw

sNtø-≠hbpw ImWpw. Hcp b-en\v Ft∏mgpw c≠v mK-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. AXm-bXv (1) Ipdn∏v b¬

(Note File), (2) \S-∏p- -b¬ (Current File).

(1) Ip-dn∏v ^b¬ (Note File)At]£/]cmXn/IØv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp Ign™m¬ AXnse Bhiyw F¥m-sW∂v Ipdn∏v ^b-

en¬ Npcp°n-sb-gp-X-Ww (Ip-dn∏v Fgp-X-Ww). ¢m¿°v Xøm-dm-°p∂ Ipdn-∏n¬, e`n® At]-£-bn¬

Xocp-am\w FSp-t°≠ DtZym-K-ÿ\v klm-b-I-c-amb Imcy-ßƒ (D-Ø-c-hv, \nb-aw, N´w ˛ ap≥Ime

DØ-c-hv apX-em-b-hbpw kzoI-cn-t°≠ \S-]-Sn-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ \n¿t±-i-ßfpw) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Ipdn-

∏p-Iƒ 1/3 am¿÷n-\n´ t]∏-dn-em-bn-cn-°Ww Fgp-tX-≠-Xv. Hcp ^b-ense Ipdn∏v AXns‚ Bcw`w

apX¬- A-h-km\ DØ-chv ]m m-°p-∂Xv hsc XpS¿®-

bmbn Fgp-X-Ww. DZm-l-cWw : Hcp b-ens‚ Ipdn∏v

^b-en¬ ¢m¿°v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv aq∂v JWvUn-

I-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ 1, 2, 3 F∂n-ßs\ Ia-º¿ Fgp-X-

Ww. Ipdn∏v tcJ-s∏-SpØn Ign-™m¬ G‰hpw Xmsg

CSXp hi-Ømbn XobXn h®v ¢m¿°v C\o-jy¬

sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v ^b¬ kq-]-≠n\v ka¿∏n-

®m¬ kq]≠v At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Øp-tºmƒ JWvUn-Ibv°v \º¿ sImSp-°p-∂Xv 4F∂v XpS-ß-Ww. ^b-en¬ Xo¿∏m-Ip-∂Xv hsc

JWvUnI \º¿ Ia-Øn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ipdn∏v ^b-

en¬ t]Pv \º¿ ]tXy-I-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww (Hcp

Imcy-Øns‚ Xo¿∏v kpK-a-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Ipdn∏v Fgp-

Xp-∂-Xv. IS-em- p-I-fpsS kw£n-]vXhpw Id‚ v ^b-

en¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-´p≈ hkvXp-I-fp-tSbpw \n¿±-

i-ß-fp-tSbpw Hcp ]kvXm-h-\bpw A\p-Iq-ehpw ]Xn-

Iq-e-hp-amb hmZ-K-Xn-Ifpw Ipdn-∏n¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww).

63

(2) \S-∏p- -b¬ (Current File)

ko‰n¬ e`n® At]£/]cmXn/IØv \S∏p b-ens‚ XpS-°-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXns\ XpS-¿∂v hcp∂

IØp-Iƒ/adp-]-Sn, Ab-°p∂ IØv/Ah-km\ DØ-chv F∂nh \S-∏p-^-b-ens‚ XpS¿∂p≈ `mK-ß-

fm-Wv. \S∏p ^b-en\v ]tXy-I-ambn t]Pv \º¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww.

12.6. Ipdn∏pw \°epw A epw Xøm-dm-°¬

• ]k-‡-am-sW-¶n¬ _‘-s∏´ N´-ßfpw tNmZyhpw DØ-chpIfpw a‰pw D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-

°Ww Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv.

• X]m-en¬ ]kn-Ut‚m skI-´-dntbm Fs¥-¶nepw \n¿t±iw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ipdn∏v

Xøm-dm-°p-∂Xv AXpIqSn ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.

• Ipdn-∏n-t\m-sSm∏w ^b¬, ¢m¿°v sk£≥ slUn\v (Pq\nb¿ kq]≠v/slUv¢¿°v) Ab-

bv°p∂p. sk£≥slUv At±l-Øns‚ A`n-]mbw IqSn tcJ-s∏-SpØn skI-´-dn°v AwKo-Im-

c-Øn-\mbn \evIp∂p. XpS¿∂v skI-´dn Xe-Øn¬ Xocpam-\-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-sW-¶n¬ skI-´dn

AwKo-I-cn®pw ]knU‚ v IqSn AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW-¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ AwKo-Imcw hmßnbpw

^b¬ Xncn®p \evIp∂p.

• Ipdn-∏nse \n¿t±-i-]-Imcw ¢m¿°v \°¬ Xøm-dm°n \evIp∂p. \°¬ Bh-iy-amb t`Z-K-Xn-I-

tfmsS skI-´dn /]kn-U‚ v AwKo-I-cn-®-X-\p-k-cn®v A ¬ Xøm-dm°n H∏v hmßn-b-Xn-\p-tijw

_‘-s∏-´-h¿°v Ab-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ^b¬ AS°w sUkv]m®v sk£-\n-tebv°p \evIp∂p.

• A ¬ _‘-s∏- -h¿°v/^≠v Hmô-kn-te°v Ab-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Hm- okv ]I¿∏n¬ sUkv]m-

®Uv ko¬ ASn®v ^b¬ _‘-s∏´ sk£-\n-tebv°p \evIp∂p.

• sk£≥ kq]≠v F√m-am-khpw ap≥ \n›-bn-°-s∏´ Xob-Xn-bn¬ t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ ]cn-

tim-[n®v dÆnßv t\ms´gpXn ¢m¿°vam¿°v \evtI-≠Xpw AXn\v ¢¿°p-am¿ ka¿∏n°p∂ adp-

]-Sn-bn¬ A`n]mbw tcJ-s∏-SpØn skI-´dn apºmsI ka¿-∏nt°≠-Xp-amWv.

• ssIam-dn-In-ńb ÿm]-\-ß-fnse DtZym-K-ÿcpw ]©m-bØv Hm-ôkpw XΩn¬ hyXykvX Hm-

ô-kp-Iƒ t]mse-bp≈ IØnS-]m-Sp-Iƒ Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v k¿°m¿ DØ-chv \º¿ 113/98/LAD 2.6.98epw G.O(P) 189/2000/Xkz-`h XobXn 4.7.2000epw C°mcyw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v.

ssIamdn Inńb ÿm]-\ßƒ hgn \S-Øp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS b-ep-Iƒ ]q¿Æambpw AhnsS

Xs∂ kq£n-°p-Ibpw ]©mbØv H-m- o-kn¬ \nt∂m, ]kn-U-‚n¬ \nt∂m, IΩn-‰n-bn¬ \nt∂m

D≈ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ°pw DØ-c-hp-Iƒ°pw ^b-ep-Ifn¬ Ipdn∏p klnXw skI-´-dn°p \¬Ip-

Ibpw skI- dn AXn-t∑¬ _‘-s∏- -h- DØ-c-hp-Itfm \n¿t±-

i-ßtfm tcJ-s∏-SpØn b-ep-Iƒ Xncn-®--bv°pIbpw sNøp∂

\S-]-Sn-Ia-amWv kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv.

• kd-≠¿ I®o-´p-Iƒ, ]am-W-ßƒ, hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ tcJ-Iƒ

F∂nh GXp ImeØpw e`y-am-I-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ ]tXy-I-

ambn kq£n-°p-∂-Xn\v G¿∏m-Sp-sN-øWw.

• Hm-Un‰v Ign-™Xpw, Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb ^b-ep-Ifpw sNe-hp-

kw-_-‘n-®-tc-J-Ifpw kq£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ip‰-a‰ kwhn-[m\w

Bh-iy-amWv.


64

12

• _‘-s∏´ tcJ-Iƒ kq£n-°p-∂Xn\pw HmUn‰v ka-bØv lmP-cm-°p-∂-Xn\pw D≈ DØ-c-hm-

ZnØw AXmXp sk£-\p-Iƒ°v Xs∂ \evIp-∂-XmWv DØaw.

• ]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰nse 240--˛mw hIp∏v ]Imcw ]©m-bØn¬ \n∂p≈ F√m t\mó-kp-Ifpw

DØ-c-hp-Ifpw skI-´dn H∏n-ń-cn-°Ww.]©m-bØp IΩn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂p-≠m-Ip∂ DØ-c-hp-Ifpw,

]kn-U-‚ns‚ DØ-c-hp-Ifpw ‘DØchn≥ ]Imcw’ F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv skI-´dn ]pd-s∏-Sp-

hn-t°-≠Xv. skI-´dn kzbw Xocp-am\w FSp-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ CXns‚ Bhiyw C√.

• ]©m-bØv Xocp-am\w Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂ ^b-ep-I-fn¬ Ah Hm-ô-kn¬ e`n-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂

AP≠m cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-Ibpw, tbmKw hnfn®p Iq´p∂ kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Cu cPn-Ã-dns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ AP≠ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNtø≠-Xm-sW∂v tbmK-\-S-]Sn Ia-N-´-ßƒ A\p-im-

kn-°p∂p.

12.7. ^b-ep-I-fpsS Xo¿∏pw kq£n∏pw

\°¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xn-\p-tijw Xøm-dm-°p∂ IØn¬ Xs∂ ^b¬ Xo¿∏m-°¬ IqSn \S-

Øm-hp-∂-XmWv. A√mØ ^b-ep-I-fn¬ AXns‚ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-tXmsS Xo¿∏m°n

kq£n-°p∂p. F]-Imcw ^b¬ kq£n-®p-h-bv°Ww F∂p-≈-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ^b¬

Xo¿∏m-°p-∂-Xv. ^b-ens‚ XcwXncnhpw ]m[m-\yhpw A\p-k-cn®v Xo¿∏m°n ^b-ep-Iƒ kq£n-t°-

≠- Im-em-h[n Xmsg tN¿°p∂p. \n›nX Imem-h-[n-°p-tijw ^b¬ Ime-l-c-W-s∏-´-Xmbn IW-

°m°n AXns‚ enÃv Xøm-dm°n AwKo-Imcw hmßn®v \in-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

• L Dis - Hcp h¿jw amXw kq£n-®m¬ aXn (L - Lodged)

• K Dis --˛ aq∂p-h¿jw amXw kq£n-®m¬ aXn (K - Keep)

• D Dis ˛- 10 h¿jw kq£n-®m¬ aXn (D- Destory)

• R Dis ˛- ÿnc-ambn kq£n-t°-≠h (Retain)

• F Dis ˛ \S-]-Sn-I-fn-√mØhbpw hnjbm\p-kr-X-ambn sI´p-I-fm°n ÿnc-ambn kq£n-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠h.

• N Dis ˛ X]m-en¬ \º-dn´v Hdn-Pn-\¬ Xs∂ \n¿t±-i-ßtfm adp-]Sntbm tcJ-s∏-SpØn Xncn-®b-

bv°p-∂-h.

• X’N Dis ˛ \º¿ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v apºv Hdn-Pn-\¬ Xs∂ Xncn-®-b-°p-∂-h.

• ^b-ep-Iƒ Xo¿∏m°n Ign-™m¬ t]gvk-W¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ Xo¿∏ns‚ hnhcw (GXv Xcw Xo¿∏m-

°¬) Nph∂ ajn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw H∂mw tImfØnse Ia \º¿ du≠v sNøp-Ibpw

thWw.

• Xo¿∏m-°nb ^b-ep-Iƒ kq£n-t°-≠Xv sd°m¿Uv sk£-\n-emWv. AXv ASnb¥ncambn

sNøWw. F∂m¬ Kma]©m-bØp-I-fn¬ AØcw kwhn-[m-\-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ _‘-s∏´

sk£-\n¬ Xs∂ Ah kq£n-°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn°pw.

• sd°m¿Up-Iƒ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Xncn-®-dn-bm-hp∂ hn[w ^b-ep-Iƒ C\w Xncn®pw te_-sem-ń®pw

Ime-K-W-\-b-\p-k-cn®pw kq£n®p shbv°p-I-bmWv sNtø-≠Xv.

65

12.8. A\p-a-Xn-]Xw/k¿ń- n-°-‰p-I-fn¬ t]cp-k-ln-X-ap≈ ko¬ ]Xn-°¬

]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ \n∂v s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v \¬Ip∂ F√m k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-I-fnepw A\paXn-]-X-

ß-fnepw k¿°m-cn-te°v Ab-°p∂ F√m IØn-S-]m-Sp-I-fnepw IqSmsX k¿ń- n-°‰v/A\p-aXn \¬Ip-

∂-Xn\v B[m-c-amb Ipdn∏p b-ep-I-fnepw _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿs‚ t]cv, XkvXn-I, Hmô-kv, em‚ v

t^m¨/samss_¬ t^m¨ \º¿ F∂nh hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-Ip-∂-hn[w ko¬ ]Xn-t°-≠-XmWv

(30.10.2012 se 59177/B¿.-F1/2012/Xkz-`h \º¿ k¿°p-e¿).


66

12

]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-Jbpw tkh-\m-h-Imi \nb-ahpw

13

13.1. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ

13.1.1. F¥mWv ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ?

13.1.2. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xøm-dm-°¬

13.1.3. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°¬

13.1.4. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJbpsS Imem-h[n

13.1.5. tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ At]-£-Iƒ

13.1.6. tkh\w e`y-am-°p-hm-\p≈ _m≤yX

13.1.7. hnh-c-ßƒ e`y-am-°¬

13.1.8. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]pXp-°epw hne-bn-cp-Øepw

13.2. tkh-\m-h-Imi \nbaw

13.2.1. ]›m-Øew

13.2.2. \nba hyh-ÿ-Iƒ

13.2.3. in£m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

13.2.4. Kma-]-©m-bØv \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ßƒ

P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ c-W-IqSw P\-ßƒ°p-th≠n P\-ßƒ D≠m-°p-∂-Xm-I-bm¬, \¬tI≠

tkh-\-ßƒ bYm-k-abw \oXn-]q¿∆w \¬Im≥ `c-W-IqSw _m≤y-ÿ-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ `c-

W-Iq-S-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ßƒ Hcp HuZm-cy-am-bn-´-√, adn®v ]ucs‚ Ah-Im-i-am-bn-´mWv P\m-[n-

]-Xy-hy-hÿ ImWp-∂-Xv. Cu Ah-Imiw P\-ßƒ°v ]m]y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Ht´sd \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

ASpØ Ime-Øp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ ][m-\-s∏-´-h-bmWv ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xømdm°n AXp-]-

Imcw tkh-\-ßƒ e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \nb-aw, tkh-\m-h-Imi \nbaw F∂n-h.

13.1. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ

13.1.1. F¥mWv ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ?

]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰v hIp∏v 272F A\p-k-cn®v F√m ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xøm-

dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ F∂m¬, ]©m-bØv ]tZiØv Xma-kn-°p∂

]uc-∑m¿°v ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn e`y-am-°m-sa∂v ]©m-bØv kzta-[bm hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂-Xpw, AXp-

]-Imcw Ah¿°v A¿l-amb tkh-\-ßfpw Ahsb kw_-‘n® hyh-ÿ-Ifpw Ah e`y-am-°p∂

ka-b-]-cn-[nbpw hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]©m-bØv AwKo-I-cn®v ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]Xn-I-bm-Wv.

67

13.1.2. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xøm-dm-°¬

• s]mXp sXc-s™-Sp∏v Ign™v Hcp ]©m-bØv cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏- -Xn-\p-ti-jw, Ign-bp-∂Xpw t\csØ

F∂m¬ Bdp-am-k-Øn¬ Ihn-bmØ Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬ ]©m-bØv tbmKw tN¿∂v, ]©m-b-

Øn-\v, ]©m-bØv ]tZ-iØv Xma-kn-°p∂ ]uc-∑m¿°v Fs¥√mw tkh-\-ßƒ ka-b-_-‘n-X-

ambn e`y-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂pw, AØcw Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xn\v Hcp ]uc≥ Fs¥√mw

hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ]men-°-W-sa-∂pw, ]kvXpX tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-b-]-cn[n FX-bm-

bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw N¿® sNbvXv Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• apI-fn¬ ]d™ ]Im-c-ap≈ Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv, ]©m-bØv skI-´-dn-bp-tSbpw

_‘-s∏´ a‰v DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cp-tSbpw A`n-]mbw ]©m-bØv tXtS-≠Xpw, DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS e`yX,

^≠ns‚ ]cym-]vXX XpS-ßnb LS-I-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

• Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w B-Iv‰n-sebpw N´ß-fn-tebpw hyh-

ÿ-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn, AXns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-a-hpw, KpW-\n-e-hm-c-hpw, CuSm-t°≠ ôkpw (tk-

h\w kuP-\y-as√-¶n¬) ]©m-bØv \n›-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn e`y-am-°p-hm≥ ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ tkh-\-ßƒ -BIv‰v ]-Im-c-tam

at‰-sX-¶nepw \nb-a-]-Im-ctam ]©m-b-Øn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-btXm ]©m-b-Øns\ k¿°m¿ `mc-

ta-ev]n-®n-´p-≈tXm Bb Npa-X-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn e`y-am°p∂ tkh-\-ß-fn¬ ]©m-b-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ hnhn[ ÿm]-

\-ßƒ aptJ-\-bp≈ tkh-\-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

• GsX-¶nepw Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v BIv‰ntem at‰-sX-¶nepw \nb-a-Øntem GsX-¶nepw

N´-ß-fntem Hcp ka-b-]-cn[n \n›-bn-°-s∏-ń-´p-s≠-¶n¬ ]©m-bØv \n›-bn-°p∂ ka-b-]-

cn[n AXn-e-∏p-d-am-Ip-hm≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√.

• ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn e`y-am-°m-sa∂v ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ tkh-\-ß-fpsS hnhcw \n›nX

^md-Øn¬ “]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ” F∂ t]cn¬ ]©mbØv Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-

Xp-am-Wv.

13.1.3. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°¬

• ]©m-bØv Xøm-dm-°p∂ ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ s]mXp-P-\-ß-fpsS Adn-hn-te-°mbn ]©m-b-Øm-

ôkv t\mókv t_m¿Unepw ]©m-bØv ]tZ-isØ s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ a‰v

t\mókv t_m¿Up-I-fnepw ]Xn®v ]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw AXv A®-Sn®v s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v

kuP-\y-ambn hnX-cWw sNtø-≠-Xp-am-Wv. Hcp ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ \ne-hn-ep≈ Ime-tØmfw

AXn\v ]©m-bØv th≠X ]Nm-cWw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-J-bpsS ]I¿∏v Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿°v AXv e`y-am-°p-hm≥ ]©m-bØv \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• ]©m-bØv ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ sXm´-SpØv BZyw hcp∂ Kma-k`m tbmK-ß-

fn¬ hmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

13.1.4. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJbpsS Imem-h[n

• ]©m-bØv Xøm-dm°n-bXpw ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-amb Hcp ]ucm-h-ImitcJ-bv°v, ]pXp-°-en\v

hnt[-b-am-bn, ]kvXpX ]©m-b-Øns‚ Imem-h[n Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xp-h-tcbpw AXn-\p-tijw

]pXnb ]©m-bØv cq]o-I-cn®v Hcp ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]pXp-Xmbn Xøm-dm°n ]kn-≤s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xp-h-scbpw ]m_-ey-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

1

68

13 ]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-Jbpw

tkh-\m-h-Imi \nb-ahpw

13.1.5. tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ At]-£-Iƒ

• ]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-J-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p≈ Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\v, Bh-iy-°m-c≥ AXn-

\mbn \n›-bn-°-s∏-ń-´p≈ t^md-Øn¬, ]©m-bØv skI-´-dn°v As√-¶n¬ _‘-s∏´ DtZym-

K-ÿ\v At]£ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

• At]£ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ ^mdw kuP-\y-amtbm bYm¿∞ hne CuSm-°ntbm ]©m-bØv

Bh-iy-°m¿°v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

• At]-£m-^mdw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw At]-£-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw At]-£sb kw_-

‘n-°p∂ At\zj-W-ßƒ-°v adp-]Sn \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw AXXv Hmô-kn¬ Hcp At\z-jW Iu≠¿

]©m-bØv G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

• tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v ]©m-bØv skI-´-dn°v As√-¶n¬ _‘s∏´ DtZym-Kÿ\v e`n-

°p∂ At]-£-Iƒ°v Ia \º¿ \¬tI-≠Xpw At]-£-Is‚ t]cv, At]£ Inńb Xoø-Xn,

At]-£-bnse Bhiyw XpS-ßnb hnh-c-ßƒ Hcp cPn-Ã-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

• Hcp At]£ Inń-bm-ep-S≥ At]-£-I\v ssI∏‰v ckoXv \¬tI-≠-Xpw, AXn¬ tkh\w e`y-

am-°m-hp∂ Dt±i Xob-Xn, CXv kw_-‘n®v At]-£-I≥ kao-]n-t°≠ DtZym-K-ÿs‚ t]cv,

Bh-iy-amb a‰v hnh-c-ßƒ F∂nh tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.-

13.1.6. tkh\w e`y-am-°p-hm-\p≈ _m≤yX

• ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJbn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p≈ Hcp tkh-\w, AXXv ka-b-]-cn-[n-°Iw A¿l-\mb

At]-£-I\v e`y-am-°m≥ ]©m-bØpw skI-´-dnbpw ]©m-b-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ AXp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿcpw _m≤y-ÿ-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw hogvN-h-cp-Øp-∂Xv DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø

ew-L-\-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂XpamWv.

• Hcp tkh\w Dt±-in-°-s∏´ ka-b-]-cn-[n-°Iw Hc-t]-£-I\v e`y-am-°m≥ \ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-

fm¬ km-[n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ B hnhcw _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ At]-£-Is\ ]kvXpX ka-b-

]-cn-[n-°Iw Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏w Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬, ]pXp-°nb ka-b-]-cn[n IqSn

At]-£-Is\ Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hcp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ hogvNhcp-Øp-Itbm Ime-Xm-

akw hcp-Øp-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xmbn Hcp At]-£-I\v tXm∂p-∂-]£w, Abmƒ°v Xs‚ ]cmXn

]©m-bØv ]kn-U‚ns‚ i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂Xpw A]-Imcw ]cmXn e`n-®m¬ ]©m-bØv

]kn-U‚ v AXv t\cn´v ]cn-tim-[n®v Xo¿∏m-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

• ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]Imcw X\n°v A¿l-amb Hcp tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v ]©m-bØv As√-

¶n¬ ]©m-b-Ønse HcwKw As√-¶n¬ ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hcp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ a\-:∏q¿∆-amb hogvNtbm

Ime-Xm-a-ktam hcp-Øn-sb∂v Hcp ]uc≥ Icp-Xp-∂-]-£w, Abmƒ°v _‘-s∏-´ ]©m-bØv

As√-¶n¬ ]©m-b-ØwKw As√-¶n¬ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ BIvSnse 271 F^v hIp∏v (C) JWvU-

Øn¬ \n¿∆-Nn-®n-´p≈ Zp¿`c-W-Øn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-sW∂v Btcm-]n-®p-sIm≠v Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥

apºmsI ]cmXn \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

13.1.7. hnh-c-ßƒ e`y-am-°¬

• Hcp ]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-J-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂ tkh-\-ßƒ At]-£-I¿°v e`y-am-°n-bXv kw_-‘n®

GsXmcp hnh-chpw GsXm-cm-fn\pw Adn-bm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

13.1.8. ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]pXp-°epw hne-bn-cp-Øepw

• Xøm-dm°n ]kn-≤o-I-cn® ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ ]©m-bØv N¿® sNbvXv

]pXp-°p-Ibpw Imem-\p-kr-X-am-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

69

13.2. tkh-\m-h-Imi \nbaw

13.2.1. ]›m-Øew

1991-˛¬ temI-Øm-Zy-ambn _nójv Kh-s◊‚ v ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw \S-∏n-em-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. CXn-s\-Xp-S¿∂v 1997-˛¬ CXv C¥y-bn¬ D]-bp-‡-am-°p--∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v N¿® sNøp-

∂Xn\mbn Hcp B£≥ πm≥ Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2003-˛¬ 131-˛-Hmfw tIµ ÿm]-\-ßƒ/

Un∏m¿ v-sa‚p-Iƒ/kwÿm\ k¿°mcpIƒ ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ ]pd-Øn-d-°n. F∂m¬ CXv, ]uc-∑m¿°v

IrXy-ambpw ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambpw tkh\w \¬Ip-∂ Imcy-Øn¬ th≠X hnPbw ssIh-cn-®n-√.

CXmWv tkh-\m-h-Imi \nb-aØns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v Btem-Nn-°m≥ t]c-W-bm-b-Xv. 2010

BKÃv 19-˛\v a≤y]tZ-in¬ Cu \nbaw \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-´p. 2011-˛¬ _olm¿, ]©m_v, U¬ln, cmP-

ÿm≥, DØ¿]-tZ-iv, Pm¿JWvUv XpS-ßnb kwÿm-\-ßfpw \S-∏n-em°n. tIcf-Øn¬ 20.10.2012-

˛se G.O.(P) No. 56/2012/P&RD DØ-chv A\p-k-cn®v \hw-_¿ 1 apX¬ Cu \nbaw ]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂p.

13.2.2. \nba hyh-ÿ-Iƒ

]uc-∑m¿ _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ apºmsI At]£ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. At]£ kzoI-cn-°p∂

DtZym-K-ÿ≥ \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ DS≥ Xs∂ ckoXv \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. At]-£-I\v \n›nX ka-

b-]-cn-[n-°Iw tkh\w \¬Ip-I-tbm As√-¶n¬ aXn-bmb ImcWw ImWn®psIm≠v BbXv \nc-

kn®v Adn-bn∏v \¬Ip-Itbm sNøm≥ At]£ kzoI-cn® DtZym-K-ÿ≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. ckoXv

\¬Ip-tºmƒ GsX-¶n-epw A\p-_‘ tcJ-Iƒ CXn-\mbn Bh-iy-ap-s≠-¶n¬ BbXpIqSn tcJ-s∏-

SpØn \¬Ip-Ibpw IqSmsX F∂mWv At]£ ]Im-c-ap≈ tkh\w \¬IpI F∂v hy‡-am-°p-

Ibpw thWw. ChnsS c≠v Imcy-ßƒ ]kvXm-hy-am-Wv. H∂v, tkh\w e`n-°m≥ At]-£-I≥

tbmKy-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. as‰m-∂v, _‘-s∏´ tcJ-Iƒ ka¿∏n-®-Xn\v tijw amXta tkh\w \¬Ip-∂-

Xn-\p≈ ka-b-]-cn-[n IW-°m-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈q. Cu hnh-c-ß-sf√mw _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ≥

Xs‚ Hmô-knse t\mókv t_m¿Un¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

\n›nX ka-b-]-cn-[n-°Iw tkh\w \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-Itbm Bb-Xns‚ Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw \nc-

kn-°p-Itbm sNøm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ At]-£-I\v H∂mw A∏o¬ AtXm-dn-‰nsb 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw kao-]n-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. H∂mw A∏o¬ AtXm-dn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂pw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb tkh\w e`y-am-bn-ń-s√-¶n¬

60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw c≠mw A∏o¬ AtXm-dn-‰nsb kao-]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A∏o¬ AtXm-dn-‰n-Iƒ

\n›-bn® kab]cn-[n-°Iw Xs∂ At]-£-Is‚ At]£ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

13.2.3. in£m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ tkh\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ hogvN hcpØn F∂v c≠mw A∏o¬

AtXm-dn-‰n°v t_m[y-am-bm¬ G‰hpw Ipd-™Xv 500 cq]bpw IqSn-bXv 5000 cq]-bn¬ Ihn-bm-sX-bp-

ap≈ in£ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, tkh\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v XS w hcp-Øn-bm¬ Htcm Znh-k-

tØ°pw 250/˛ cq] F∂ tXmXn¬ ]c-am-h[n 5000/˛ cq]-hsc in£ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. H∂mw

A∏o¬ AtXm-dn‰n CØ-c-Øn¬ \n›nX ka-b-]-cn-[n-°Iw tkh\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ hogvN hcp-Øn-

b-Xmbn c≠mw A∏o¬ AtXm-dn-‰n°p t_m[y-am-bm¬ 500/˛ cq] apX¬ 5000/˛ cq] hsc-bp≈

in£ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v \nbaw hyhÿ sNøp-∂p.

13.3.4. Kma-]-©m-bØv \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ßƒ

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ \¬tI≠ 16 tkh-\-ßƒ, Bb-Xns‚ ka-b-]-cn-[n, \nbp‡ DtZym-K-ÿ≥

H∂mw A∏o¬ A[n-Im-cn, c≠mw A∏o¬ A[n-Im-cn F∂nhbpw ]©m-bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿

Bô-kn¬ \n∂v \¬tI≠ 7 tkh-\-ßƒ, ka-b-]-cn-[n, \nbp‡ DtZym-K-ÿ≥, H∂v, c≠v, A∏o¬

A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, ]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS-td‰v \¬tI≠ 3 tkh-\-ßƒ, \nbp‡ DtZym-K-ÿ≥, H∂mw

A∏o¬ A[n-Imcn F∂nhbpw hy‡-am-°n-sIm≠v ]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS¿ Pn2-˛31289/2011 XobXn

26.4.2013 \º¿ Bbn hn⁄m-]\w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

]ucm-h-Im-i-tc-Jbpw

tkh-\m-h-Imi \nb-ahpw1

70

13

]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

14

14.1. ]mtZ-inI `c-Whpw ]cmXn-Ifpw

14.2. ]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

14.3. ]©m-bØv IΩn-‰nbpw ]cmXn ]cn-lm-chpw

14.4. [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n

14.5. Xt±-i`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°-pth-≠n-bp≈ Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥

14.6. Xt±i `c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-ƒ°pth-≠n-bp≈ ssS_q-W¬

14.7. alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈

Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥

14.8. kwÿm\ k¿°m-¿

14.1. ]mtZ-inI `c-Whpw ]cmXn-Ifpw

A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-I-c-WsØ XpS¿∂v Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßfpsS Npa-X-e-IfpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-

ßfpw A[n-Im-c-ßfpw h¿≤n-®-tXmsS Imcy-£-a-amb ]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\hpw A\n-hm-cy-am-

bn. ]uc-∑msc kw_-‘n®v Ah-cpsS Ht´sd hnI-k-\m-h-iy-ßfpw tkh\-˛-t£a ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

\S-Øp∂ ]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-Iƒ ]cm-Xn-°-Xo-X-ambn ]h¿Øn-°-W-sa∂v BK-ln-°p-∂Xv kzm`m-

hn-I-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]cm-Xn-I-fp-≠m-Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]cm-Xn-I-fp-≠m-bm¬ AXv \oXn-]q¿∆-ambpw

Ime-hnfw_w IqSm-sXbpw ]cn-l-cn-t°-≠Xv `c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpsS _m[y-X-bm-Wv. Cu _m[yX \nd-th-

‰p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ht´sd \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

14.2. ]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ

]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw DNn-X-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m\pw th≠n

D≠m-°n-bn-´p≈ ][m\ kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

• ]©m-bØv IΩn‰n

• [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n

• Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥

• ssS_yq-W¬

• alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥

• kwÿm\ k¿°m¿

1 2004 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (]u-cm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xøm-dm-°¬) N´-ßƒ. 71

14.3. ]©m-bØv IΩn-‰nbpw ]cmXn ]cn-lm-chpw

]©m-b-Øns‚ c-W- -hn-I-k-\- -t£a ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-am-bn _‘-s∏ v ]uc-∑m¿°p-≠m-Ip∂ GXv

]cm-Xnbpw ]©m-b-Øn\v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. e`n-°p∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]©m-bØv IΩn‰n bYm-k-abw

]cn-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw Bh-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v ]cm-Xn°v ]cn-lmcw D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-

Xm-Wv.

14.4. [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n

\nIp-Xn-\n¿Æbw kw_-‘n® A∏o¬ \¬Im-\p≈ A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-amWv [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv

IΩn-‰n. \nIpXn\n¿Æbw kw_-‘n®v Hcp ]uc\v ]cm-Xn-bp-s≠-¶n¬ [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n°v

tcJm-aqew ]cmXn \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ e`n-°p∂ ]cmXn [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n ]cn-

tim-[n®v ]cm-Xn-°m-c\v \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ e`y-am-tI≠ \oXn Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

14.5. Xt±-i -cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥

(i) Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥ F¥n\v?

]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSnse 271 B¿

hIp∏v ]Imcw \ne-hn¬ h∂ kwhn-[m-

\-amWv Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥. 1999 ˛ ¬ Xt±-

i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈

Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥ (]-cmXn At\z-jW

hnNm-c-Wbpw tkh\ hyh-ÿ-I-fpw) N -

ß-fn¬ s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°p≈ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ

ka¿∏n-t°-≠-hn-[hpw hnNm-cW \S-]-Sn-

Ifpw Hmw_p-Uvkvams‚ A[n-Im-c-ßfpw

hni-Z-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-]-Imcw

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnse Agn-aXn,

Ia-t°-Sp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬

]cmXn tIƒ°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-

Xn -\pap≈ kwhn-[m-\-amWv Hmw_p-

Uvkvam≥. sslt°mSXn PUvPn-bmbn DtZymKw hln-®n-´p-ff H-cmsf Kh¿Æ-dmWv Hmw_p-Uvkvam-

\mbn \nb-an-°p-∂-Xv. \S-]SnIa-ßƒ a‰p tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amWv. Hmw_p-Uvkvams‚

][m\ A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

(ii) Npa-X-e-Iƒ

• P\-ß-fpsS ]cm-Xn-Iƒ°v ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-°pI.

• `c-W-coXn kwip-≤-am-°pI.

• Hcp- ]-cm-Xn-bn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p-≈tXm k¿°m¿ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≈tXm Hmw-_p-Uvkvam-s‚ Adn-

hn¬s]-´tXm Bb Btcm-]-WsØ kw_-‘n®v kq£va-amb At\z-jWw \SØpI.

(iii) A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

• Btcm-]-W-ß-fnt∑¬ DØ-c-hp-Iƒ ]m m-°p-∂-Xn-\v

• \n¿±n„ \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ \n∂v Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\sØ XS-™p-sIm≠v CS-°me DØ-chv ]m m-

°p-∂-Xn\v

]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ1

72

14

• \„-]-cn-lm-chpw ]ngbpw Npa-Øp-∂-Xn\v

• 1908˛se knhn¬ \S-]Sn \nb-a-]-Imcw Hcp tI v hnNm-cW sNøp-tºmƒ Hcp knhn¬ tImS-Xn-

bn¬ \n£n-]vX-amb A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

• t]meokv DtZym-K-ÿ-cpƒs∏-sS GXp k¿°m¿ DtZym-K-ÿ-s‚bpw tkh\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-\p≈

A[n-Im-cw.

(iv) Hmw_p-Uvkvams‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcm-Øh

• k¿°m¿ Hu]-Nm-cn-Iambpw ]c-ky-ambpw At\z-j-W-Øn\v DØ-c-hn-ń-´p-≈ Imcy-ßƒ.

• Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS ssS_yq-W-en¬\n∂pw ]cn-lmcw tXtS≠ hnj-b-ßƒ.

• 1952˛se F≥Iz-bdn IΩo-j≥ BIv‰v A\p-k-cn®v Hcp tImSXn apºmsI \ne-hn-ep≈ kwKXn.

• Btcm-]W hnt[-b-amb kwKXn kw -hn® Xob-Xn-°p-tijw 3 h¿jw Ign™v \¬Ip∂ ]cmXn.

(F∂m¬ ]cmXn \¬Im≥ Ign-bmsX t]mb-Xn\v aXn-bmb ImcWaps≠-¶n¬ ]cm-Xn- kzo-I-cn°mw.)

14.6. Xt±i c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-ƒ°pth-≠n-bp≈ ssS_q-W¬

(i) F¥mWv ssS_yq-W¬?

]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰nse 271 F≥ hIp∏v ]Im-c-amWv ssS_yq-W¬ cq]o-I-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv. 1999 se

tIcf Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ ssS_yq-W¬ N´-ßƒ, ssS_yq-W-ens‚

]h¿Ø-\w, A[n-Im-c-ßƒ, ]cm-Xn-]-cn-lmc coXn XpS-ßn-bh hni-Z-am-°p∂p. AXp-]-Imcw Xt±i

`c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS Xocp-am-\-ßƒs°Xn-cmbn s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v A∏o¬/dn-hn-j≥ l¿Pn \¬Ip-

∂-Xn-\p≈ PpUo-jy¬ kwhn-[m\amWv ssS_q-W¬. Pn√m-P-UvPn-bpsS ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈ \ymbm-[n-]-

\mWv ssS_q-W¬. sslt°m-SXn -No v PÃnkpambn Btem-Nn-®mWv k¿°m¿ ssS_q-W¬ \nba\w

\S-Øp-∂-Xv. ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ XΩnepw ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw k¿°mcpw XΩn-epap≈ X¿°-ßƒ ]cntim-

[n®v k¿°m-cn-te°v A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssS_q-W-ep-Iƒ°v A[n-Im-c-ap≠v.

(ii) A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

• Hcp tIkv hnNm-cW sNøp-tºmƒ 1908˛se knhn¬ \S-]Sn \nb-a-]-Imcw knhn¬ tImSXn-bn¬

\n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ AtX A[n-Im-c-ßƒ.

• l¿Pn-°m-cs‚ At]-£-bn-t∑¬ \S-]Sn \n¿Ønhbv°p-∂-Xn\v CS-°me DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-

°p-∂-Xn\pff A[n-Im-cw

• Xt±-i`c-W- ÿm-]-\-ßƒ°v Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \evIp-∂-Xn\pff A[n-Imcw.

• ssS_q-W-ens‚ apºm-sI-bp≈ GsXmcp \S-]-Snbpw C¥y≥ in£m-\n-b-a-]Im-c-ap-ff Hcp

\oXn\ymb \S-]-Sn-bmbn Icp-XWw.

(iii) ssS_q-W-en\v l¿Pn \¬Ip-tºmƒ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

• l¿Pn-bp-sSbpw, _‘-s∏´ tcJ-I-fp-sSbpw km£y-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hmtcm ]I¿∏pw ssS_qW-ens‚

t]cn-ep-ff 50 cq]bpsS _m¶v Um^v‰pw Ab-bv°Ww. FXn¿ I£n-I-fpsS FÆw A\p-k-cn®v

AXbpw ]I¿∏p-Iƒ IqSn \evIWw.

• A∏o¬ km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ 30 Znh-k-Øn-\-Iw ka¿∏n-°-Ww. F∂m¬ aXn-bmb ImcWaps≠-

¶n¬ 90 Znhkw hsc-bpw A∏o¬ kzoI-cn-°mw.

73

• Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS Xoc-pam-\-ß-fn-t∑-ep-ff dnhn-j≥/A∏o-ep-Iƒ 60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw

Xt±-i`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ A∏o¬ \¬In Xo¿∏m°n-bn-ń-√mØ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ 90 Znh-k-Øn-

\-Ihpw ssS_q-W-en\v dnhn-j≥/A∏o¬ ka¿∏n-°mw.

14.7.alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hmw_p-

Uvkvam≥

alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-°p≈ ]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ambn ]tXyI

Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥ kwhn-[m\w kwÿm-\Øv ]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. AXp-]-Imcw Hmtcm Pn√bnepw

]tXyIw Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥ kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠v. Hmw_p-Uvkvam≥ ]h¿Ø\w kw_-‘n®v hniZ-amb N -

ßƒ 2009˛se sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn ]cmXn ]cn-lmc N -ßƒ (F-kv.-B¿.-H. \º¿ 632/20069) 22.07.2009

\v Pn.-H.(-]n) \º¿ 139/2009/Xkz- h Bbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n- p-≠v. (hn-i-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v N -ßƒ ImWp-I)

14.8. kwÿm\ k¿°m-¿

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ \nb-a-]-c-ambn -X-s∂-bmtWm ]h¿Øn°p∂Xv F∂v Dd∏p hcp-tØ≠ Npa-Xe

k¿°m-cn-\p-≠v. AXn-\m¬Xs∂ `c-W-]-chpw hnI-k-\-]-c-hp-amb Bh-iyßƒ°v DØ-c-hp-Iƒ ]pd-

s∏-Sp-hn-°m\pw \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-hm\pw k¿°m-cn\v A[n-Im-c-ap≠v. k¿°m-cns‚ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ

Fs¥m-s°-sb∂v t\m°q.

• ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂Xv \n¿Ønshbv°p-∂-Xn\v \n¿t±iw \evI¬.

• Hmw_p-Uvkvam-s‚tbm, ssS_q-Wen-s‚bpw dnt∏m¿´v A\p-k-cn® ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\-ßƒ t`Z-

KXn hcp-Øp-Itbm d±m-°p-Itbm sNø¬.

• Hmôtkm, tcJ-Itfm, Pw-K-a-kz-Øp-°tfm ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p≈ A[n-Im-cw

• hnhn[ HmUn‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ff A[n-Imcw

• k¿°m-cnt\m k¿°m¿ A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Ønb DtZym-K-ÿt\m GsX-¶nepw Ah-Imiw Dt]-£n-

°p-∂-Xnt\m hcp-am-\-ap≈ GsX-¶nepw ÿm]\w AS®p ]q´p-∂-Xnt\m DØchv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-

°¬.

• ]≤Xn ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ta¬t\m-´w.

• ]©m-b-Øns‚ I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xntem k¿°m¿ \nb-am-\p-kr-X-ambn ]pds∏-Sp-hn®

DØ-c-hp-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂Xntem hogvN hcp-Øn-bm¬ ho≠pw Hc-h-kcw IqSn \evIn ]knU‚n-

t\mtSm skI-´-dn-tbmtSm AXv \S-∏n-em-°m≥ k¿°m-cn\v Bh-iy-s∏-Smhp-∂-XmWv.

• Hmtcm ]©m-bØpw Hmtcm h¿jhpw k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ t^md-Øn¬ Hcp `cWdnt∏m¿´v

Xøm-dm°n sk]vXw_¿ 30\Iw ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

• Hcp ]©m-bØn\v \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xntem, k¿°m¿ \nb-am-\pkrXw

]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® DØ-c-hp-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xntem \nc-¥cw hogvNhcp-Ønbm¬ Hmw_p-Uvkvams‚

D]-tZiw tXSn ]©m-bØns\ ]ncn®p hnSp-∂Xv Dƒ∏-sSbp-ff \S-]SnIƒ kzoI-cn-°mw.

• Hcp kmº-ØnI h¿jw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn\v ap≥]mbn ASpØ h¿j-tØ-°p≈ _P‰v AwKo-I-

cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂mtem qcn-]£w AwK-ßƒ cmPn-sh-bv°p-Itbm Atbm-Ky-cm-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvXmtem

]©m-b-Øn\v \ymb-amb Ah-kcw \¬In k¿°m-cn\v Kk‰v hn⁄m-]\w aqew ]©m-b-Øp-Isf

]ncn®phnSm-hp-∂-XmWv.

ta¬∏-d-™h kw_-‘n®v k¿°m-cn\v ]cmXn e`n-°pI-bm-sW-¶n¬-, Bh-iy-amb At\z-jWw

\SØn DNn-X-amb ]cn-lmc \S-]Sn k¿°m¿ ssI-s°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv.

]cmXn ]cn-lmc kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ1

74

14

hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw 2005

15

15.1. apJye£y-ßƒ

15.2. F¥mWv hnh-c-ßƒ?

15.3. BcmWv s]mXp A[n-Imcn?

15.4. F¥mWv hnh-cm-h-Imiw?

15.5. At]£ ka¿∏n-°¬

15.5.1 ZmcnZytcJbv°v Xmsg-bp≈h¿°v kuP\yw

15.5.2 At]£m ôkv AS-bv°p∂ coXn

15.5.3 hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ ôkv

15.5.4 Ime-Xm-akw h∂m¬

15.6. At]-£-bnt∑¬ Xo¿∏v

15.7. A∏o¬ A[n-Imcn

15.8. in£m \S]Sn-Iƒ

15.9. A®-S° \S-]Sn

Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ kpXm-cyhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-]q¿Æ-hp-amb `cWw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-

∂-Xn-\p≈ ][m\ LS-I-amWv Adn-bm-\p-≈ ]ucs‚ Ah-Im-iw. k¿°m-cns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Adnbn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ tNmZyw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw

P\-ßƒ°v Ah-Im-ihpw IS-abpw D≠v. Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\Øns‚ \ne-

\n¬∏n\v CXv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

75

2005 sabv 11- \v temI-k` ]m m-°nb \nb-a-Øn\v 2005 Pq¨ 15-˛\v cmjvS-]Xn AwKo-Imcw

\¬In. HIvtSm-_¿ 12-˛\v \nbaw ]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ CXn\v apºv Xs∂ kam\ \nb-a-Øns‚ \nb-¥-

W-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 1993-˛¬ Ad-nbm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp A≤ymbw Xs∂ ]©m-bØv

cmPv BIv‰n¬ Iqń-t®¿°-s∏- p. Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ]©m-b-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏´ GsX-¶nepw hnhcw

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Bfn\v \¬I-W-sa∂pw A√mØ ]£w DØ-c-hm-ZnØ-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ\v Ah-km\

Xob-Xnbv°v tijw Hmtcm Znh-k-Øn\pw 50 cq] hoXw ]ng \¬In in£n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv F∂p

]dbp-∂p.- F-∂m¬ 1998-˛¬ Xs∂ ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSn-t\mSv A\p-_-‘-ambn 1998- se tIcf

]©m-bØv cmPv (sd-°m¿Up-I-fpsS kq£n∏pw ]I¿∏v \¬I-epw) N´-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Cu N´-]-Imcw At]-£-I\v \n›nX ôkv NpaØn ]©m-b-Øns‚ tcJ-Ifpw ]I¿∏v skI-´dn

km£y-s∏-SpØn \¬tI-≠-XmWv F∂v \njv°¿jn-°p-∂p.

15.1. apJye£y-ßƒ

• s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ hnh-c-ßƒ ]ucm-h-en°v ]m]y-am-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬

Adn-bm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

• s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ kpXm-cyhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-]-c-hp-am-°p-I.

• tIµ-˛-kw-ÿm-\-X-e-ß-fn¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j-\p-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-Whpw A\p-_‘ XpS¿\-

S-]-Sn-I-a-ßfpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

15.2. F¥mWv hnh-c-ßƒ?

s]mXp A[n-Imcn ]ucm-h-enbv°v e`y-am-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-amb hnh-c-ßƒ F∂Xv sIm≠v hnh-

£n-°p-∂Xv GXv cq]-Ønepw e`n-°m-hp∂ hnh-c-ß-fmWv Xmsg ]d-bp∂

• B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-Iƒ

• Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ

• C˛-sa-bn¬

• A`n-]m-b-ßƒ

• D]-tZ-i-ßƒ

• ]X-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ

• k¿°p-e-dp-Iƒ

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

• temKv_p-°p-Iƒ

• Icm-dp-Iƒ

• dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ


76

15

• ]_-‘-ßƒ

• amXr-I-Iƒ, kmºn-fp-Iƒ

• Ce-IvtSm-WnIv cq]-Øn-ep≈ hnh-c-ßƒ

• kzIm-cy -ÿm-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v at‰-sX-¶nepw \nb-a-]-Imcw k¿°m-cn\v e`y-am-°p∂ hnh-c-ßƒ

15.3. BcmWv s]mXp A[n-Imcn?

s]mXp A[n-Imcn F∂ \n¿∆-N-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂Xv:

• `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amtbm AXns‚ Iogntem \nb-am-\p-krXw \ne-hn¬ h∂n-´p≈ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ,

ÿm]-\-ßƒ, kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ.

• temI-k` ]m m-°nb \nb-atam kwÿm\ \nb-a-k` ]m m-°nb \nb-a-tam, k¿°m¿ DØ-

cthm hgn \ne-hn¬ h∂ ÿm]-\-ßƒ.

• k¿°m¿ DS-a-ÿ-X-bntem \nb-¥-W-Øntem kmº-ØnI klm-b-Ømtem ]h¿Øn-°p∂

ÿm]-\-ßƒ

• ]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-amtbm k¿°m-cn¬ \n∂v kmº-ØnI klmbw e`n-°p∂ k¿°m-cn-

Xc ÿm]-\-ßƒ.

15.4. F¥mWv hnh-cm-h-Imiw?

s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-bpsS A[o-\-X-bntem \nb-¥-W-Øntem D≈ hnh-c-ßƒ e`n-°m-\p≈ Ah-

Imiw AXm-bXv:

1) sdt°m¿Up-I-tfm, tcJ-I-tfm, ]h¿Ø-\-ßtfm ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

2) dn°m¿Up-I-fp-sS-tbm, tcJ-I-fp-tStbm km£y-s∏-Sp-Ønb icn-∏-I¿∏p-I-tfm, Ah-bn¬ \n∂p≈

Ipdnt∏m FSp-°mw.

3) hkvXp-°-fpsS kmºn-fp-Iƒ km£y-s∏-SpØn FSp-°mw.

4) Iºyq-´¿h¬°-cn-®-tXm, Ce-IvtSm-WnIvkv cq]-Øn-ep-≈tXm Bb hnh-c-ßƒ ^vtfm∏n-bn-tem,

tS∏p-I-fn-tem, hoUntbm Imk-‰n-tem, a‰v Ce-IvtSm-WnIv cq]-Øntem AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ Ah-bpsS

A®-Sn® ]I¿∏mtbm FSp-°mw.

15.5. At]£ ka¿∏n-°¬

• sh≈ t]∏-dn-ep≈ At]£

• At]£m ôkv

• hnhcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[nI ôkv (_m-[-I-am-sW-¶n¬)

hnhcw e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v tIcf k¿°m¿ \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂ ôkv t_mIvkn¬ \º¿ 4 ¬

sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p:

77

t_mIvkv 4 : hnhcw e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ôkv (tI-c-f-Øn¬)

C\-ßƒ XpI (cq-])

1. At]£m ôkv 10

2. A[nI ôkv ˛ hnhcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v:

Hcp km[m-cW t]Pn\v 2

henb t]Pp-Iƒ bYm¿∞ sNehv

kmºn-fp-Iƒ, tamU-ep-Iƒ bYm¿∞ sNehv

^vtfm∏n-bntem tImw]mIv‰v Unkv°ntem (H-sc-Æ-Øn-\v) 50

3. A[nI ôkv ˛ hnhcw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v :

BZysØ Hcp aWn-°q¿ kuP\yw

XpS¿∂p≈ Hmtcm Ac-a-Wn-°q-dn\pw 10

15.5.1 ZmcnZytcJbv°v Xmsg-bp≈h¿°v kuP\yw

]n‚ v sNbvXtXm Ce-IvtSm-WnIv cq]-Ønse \¬Ip∂ hnh-c-ßƒ°p th≠n hcp∂ DNn-X-amb

sNe-hp-Iƒ At]-£-I-cn¬ \n∂pw CuSm-°mw. F∂m¬ Zmcn-Zy-tc-Jbv°v Xmsg-bp-≈-h-cn¬ \n∂pw

ôkv CuSm-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v \nbaw \njv°¿jn-°p-∂p. [hIp∏v 7(5) (-N´w 4 (4) ˛ tIcfm hnh-cm-

h-Imiw (ô-kn-s‚bpw sNe-hn-s‚bpw Iao-I-c-Ww) ].

Zmcn-Zy-tc-J°v Xmsg F∂p sXfn-bn-°p∂ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ tcJ lmP-cm-°Ww:

1. Kma-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ tªm°v sUh-e-]vsa‚ v Hmô-k-dn¬ \n∂p≈ km£y-]Xw.

2. ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n/tIm¿∏-td-j≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ ap\n-kn-∏¬/tIm¿∏-td-j≥ skI-´-dn-am-cn¬

\n∂p≈ km£y-]Xw.

15.5.2 At]£m okv AS-bv°p∂ coXn

• tIm¿´v ô Ãmºv ]Xn-°mw.

• “0070 a‰p `c-W-]-c-amb tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ 60 a‰p tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ 800 a‰p tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ 42 a‰v C\-

ßƒ” F∂o A°u≠v io¿j-I-Øn¬ k¿°m¿ Sj-dn-bn¬ ]W-a-S-bv°mw.

• kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k-dpsS/kwÿm\ Akn-Ã‚ v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥

Hmô-k-dpsS Hmô-kn¬ ckoXv ssI∏‰n sIm≠v ]W-a-S-bv°mw.

• kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿°v /kwÿm\ Akn-Ã‚ v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥

Hmô-k¿°v Unam≥Uv Um^v‰n-eqsS/_mt¶gvkv sN°n-eqsS / t] Hm¿U-dn-eqsS \¬Imw.

15.5.3 hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ okv

• icnbmb ckoXv ssI∏-‰n-s°m≠v ]W-amtbm;

• “0070 a‰p `c-W-]-c-amb tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ 60 a‰p tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ 800 a‰p tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ 47 a‰v C\-

ßƒ” F∂ A°u≠v io¿j-I-Øn¬ Sj-dn-bn¬ XpI AS-bv°p-Itbm;

• _‘-s∏´ kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿°v Unam≥Uv Um^v‰mtbm _mt¶gvkv

sN°mtbm t] Hm¿U-dmtbm \¬Imw.


78

15

15.5.4 Ime-Xm-akw h∂m¬

s]mXp A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ hnhcw e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v \njv°¿jn-®n-´p≈ ka-b-]-cn[n ]men-°m-Xn-cp-∂-

Xm¬ At]-£-I\v B hnhcw kuP-\y-ambn \¬IWw hIp∏v [7 (6)].

15.6. At]-£-bnt∑¬ Xo¿∏v

hnhcw Bh-iy-s∏- p-sIm≠v sk≥S¬/tÃ‰v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿am¿°v ka¿∏n-°p∂

At]-£-bn-t∑¬ 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏v Iev]n-°-Ww. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬ \n›nX ôkv

CuSm°n hnhcw \¬Ip-I-tbm, As√-¶n¬ X°-Xmb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ At]£ \nc-kn-®-Xmbn Adnbn-

°p-Itbm sNøWw [7 (1)].

At]-£-Is‚ Pohn-X-sØtbm kzmX-¥-ysØtbm _m[n-°p∂ ASn-b-¥nc hnh-c-ß-fmWv Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶n-¬ Ah 48 aWn-°q-dn-\p-≈n¬ e`y-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. (DZm: AdÃv t]mep≈ kµ¿-`-ß-

fn¬).

\n›nX ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ hnhcw \¬Ip-∂Xv kw_-‘n® Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈m-Xn-cp-∂m¬

sk≥S¬/tÃ‰v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿ A°mcyw \nc-kn-®p-sh∂v A\p-am-\n°mw. hIp∏v

[7 (2)].

hnhcw \¬Im-\p≈ sNe-hn-\mbn IqSp-X¬ ôkv Bh-iy-sa-¶n-¬ sk≥S¬/kvtd‰v ]ªnIv

C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿am¿ AXv kw_-‘n® Ad-nbn∏v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. hIp∏v [7 (3)].

15.7. A∏o¬ A[n-Imcn

\n›nX Imem-h-[n-°p-≈n¬ At]-£-bn-t∑¬ tIµ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-

k¿am¿ Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØv Adn-bn-°m-Ø-Xp-aqew _p≤n-ap-´p-≠m-Ip∂ ]£w 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw At]-

£-I¿°v Db¿∂ Xe-Øn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (X-°-Xmb Imc-W-ap-s≠-¶n¬ \n›nX

ka-b-]-cn[n Ign-™p≈ A∏o¬ kzoI-cn°pw [19 (1)].

• aq∂mw I£n \¬tI≠ hnh-csØ kw_-‘n® tIµ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k-dpsS

Hm¿U-dn-t∑-ep≈ A∏o¬ BsW-¶n¬ ]kvXpX aq∂mw I£n 30 Znh-k-ßƒ°Iw A∏o¬

ka¿∏n-°pw. [hIp∏v 19 (2)].

• aq∂mw I£n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-csØ kw_-‘n® tIµ/kwÿm\ ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥

Hmô-k-dpsS Xocp-am-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bmWv A∏o¬ F¶n-¬ aq∂mw I£n°v tIƒ°m-\p≈ DNn-X-

amb kabw A\p-h-Zn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. [hIp∏v 19 (4)].

• A∏o¬ \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ tIµ/kwÿm\ ]ªn°v C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿am-cn¬ BtcmtWm

A∏o¬ \nc-kn-®Xv Ah¿ Xs∂ AXn-\p≈ ImcWw t_m[n-∏n-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv [hIp∏v 19

(5)].

• A∏o-en¬ 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏v Iev]n-°-Ww. GsX-¶nepw

Imc-W-h-im¬ A∏o¬ Zo¿Ln-∏n-t°≠n h∂mepw 45 Znh-k-

ßƒ Ignbpw apºv Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-®n-cn-°Ww. [hIp∏v 19 (6)].

• tIµ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-js‚ Xocp-am\w A¥n-a-

amWv [hIp∏v 19 (7)].

79

15.8. in£m \S]Sn-Iƒ

• sk≥S¬/tÃ‰v C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿ X°-Xmb ImcWw IqSmsX At]£ \nc-kn-°p-I-

tbm, hnhcw \n›nX Ime-]-cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-I-tbm, hymP-Im-c-W-ß-fm¬ \nc-kn-°p-

I-tbm, Adn-™p-sIm≠v sX‰mb hnhcw \¬Ip-I-tbm, \¬tI≠ hnhcw \in-∏n-°p-I-tbm, hnhcw

\¬Ip-∂-Xns\ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm sNbvX-Xmbn, tIµ/kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ IΩo-j\v

]cmXn e`n-°p-Itbm A∏o¬ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ Nph-sS-∏-d-bpw-hn[w ]ng Dƒs∏-sS-

bp≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°mw. [hIp∏v 20 (1)].

• ]XnZn\w 250 cq] \nc-°n¬ ]cmXn e`n® XobXn hsc As√-¶n¬ hnhcw \¬In-bXv hsc (F-

∂m¬ ]ng 25000 cq]-bn¬ Ihn-bm≥ ]mSn-√).

• ]ng CuSm-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn s]mXp A[n-Im-cnbv°v t_m[n-∏n-°m-\p-≈Xv tIƒ°m-\p≈ Ah-

kcw D≠m-°-Ww.

• ]cmXn kw_-‘n® Imcy-Øn¬ FSpØ \S-]Sn DNn-Xhpw \ymb-hp-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m-\p≈

Npa-Xe sk≥S¬/tÃ‰v ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿°m-Wv.

15.9. A®-S° \S-]Sn

apI-fn¬∏d™ Imc-W-ß-fm¬ sk≥S¬/tÃ‰v ]ªnIv C≥-^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿°v FXnsc A®-

S° \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°m≥ ip]m¿i sNømw.


80

15

\nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ˛ ssek≥kp-Iƒ, cPn-kvtS-j≥

16

16.1. ssek≥kv, cPn-kvtS-j≥

16.2. s]mXp-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ, kzIm-cy-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ

16.2.1. s]mXp-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ

16.2.2. kzIm-cy-am¿°‰v

16.2.3. s]mXp-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

16.3. kzImcy h≠n-Øm-h-f-ßƒ

16.4. Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ

16.5. ssehvtÃm°v ^map-Iƒ°v ssek≥kv \¬I¬

16.5.1 ssek≥kn-\p≈ At]-£bpw XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw

16.6. Syqt´m-dnb¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥

16.7. kzImcy Bip-]-Xn, ]mcm-sa-Un-°¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥

16.8. ]n.-]n.-B¿. ssek≥kv

16.9. kn\n-tam-t‰m-Km^v ssek≥kv

16.1. ssek≥kv, cPn-kvtS-j≥

]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰nse hnhn[ hIp-∏p-Iƒ ]Imcw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v ssek≥kv

\¬tI≠/ÿm]\w cPn-Ã¿ sNtø≠ Npa-X-e Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°p-≠v.

1. -am¿°-‰p-Iƒ (h. 222)

2. kzImcy h≠n-Øm-h-f-ßƒ (h. 228)

3. Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ (h. 230)

4. ssehvtÃm°v ^map-Iƒ (h. 232)

5. Syqt´m-dnb¬ ÿm]-\-ßƒ (h. 266)

6. kzImcy Bip-]-Xn-Ifpw ]mcm-sa-Un-°¬ ÿm]-\-ßfpw (h.270)

]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Øn\pw N´-Øn\pw ]pdsa A\p-_-‘-\n-b-a-ßƒ ]Imcw ]©m-b-Øn¬

\n£n-]vX-amb ][m-\-s∏´ c≠v \nb-¥-W-]-c-amb Npa-X-e-I-fm-Wv.

1. ]n.]n.-B¿. ssek≥kv \¬I¬

2. kn\n-tam-t‰m-Km^v ssek≥kv A\p-h-Zn-°¬

81

16.2. s]mXp-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ, kzIm-cy-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ

s]mXpam¿°-‰p-Iƒ ]cn-]m-en°pI F∂Xv ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hcp A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. tIcf

]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Ønse 221, 222-˛mw hIp-∏p-Ifpw 1996-˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (s]mXp

am¿°-‰p-I-fp-tSbpw kzIm-cy am¿°-‰p-I-fp-sSbpw \nb-¥-Whpw ssek≥kv \¬I-epw) N -ßfpw ]men-

®p-sIm-≠mWv s]mXp-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw kzIm-cy- -am¿°-‰p-Iƒ°v ssek≥kv A\p-h-

Zn-t°-≠-Xpw.

16.2.1. s]mXp-am¿°-‰p-Iƒ

]X-]-ckyw, s]mXp t\mókv F∂nh aptJ\ s]mXp P\-ßƒ°v Bt£-]m-`n-]m-b-ßƒ ]d-

bm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Inbpw Pn√m saUn-°¬ Hmô-k¿, Pn√m sh‰dn-\dn Hmô-k¿ F∂n-h-cpsS A`n-

]mbw tXSn-sIm-≠p-amWv ]©m-bØv Hcp s]mXp-am¿°‰v G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. am¿°-‰n¬ ]tXyI

hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Nc-°p-Iƒ°v ]tXyIw Ãmfp-Iƒ \o°n-sh-°m-hp-∂Xpw am¿°-‰ns‚ GsX-¶nepw

Hcp `mKw ]m´-Øn\p \¬Im-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. s]mXp-am¿°-‰n¬ \n∂pw ta¬®-´-Øn¬ \njv°¿jn®

]cn-[n°p hnt[-b-ambn ]©m-b-Øn\v ôkp ]ncn-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

16.2.2. kzIm-cy-am¿°‰v

]pXnb Hcp kzImcy am¿°‰v XpS-ßp-hmt\m \ne-hn-

ep≈ kzIm -cy -a -m¿ -°‰v XpS¿∂p \S -Øp -hmt\m

ssek≥kn-\mbn N -Ønse II - mw \º¿ t^md-Øn¬ Hcp

At]£ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w am¿°-

‰ns‚ Hcp kvsI®v, \ne-hn-ep≈ am¿°-‰m-sW-¶n-¬ Ign™

12 amksØ BZm-b-Øns‚ tÃ‰vsa‚ v F∂nh IqSn

ka¿∏n-°Ww.

]pXp-Xmbn Hcp kzIm-cy-am¿°‰v Bcw- n-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp

s]mXp-am¿°‰v Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ ]ment°≠ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ ]men-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kzIm-cy-am¿°-

‰ns‚ ssek≥kv ô 222(4) hIp∏p ]Imcw ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. At]£ A\p-h-

Zn-°p∂ ]£w t^mdw III˛ ¬ ssek≥kv \¬tI-≠Xpw ôkv CuSm-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. kzImcy

am¿°-‰n¬ \n∂pw ssek≥kn°v ]ncn-°m-hp∂ ôkv 8˛mw N´-Ønse ]ń-I-bn¬ ]d™ \nc-°n¬

Ihn-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.

C]-Imcw ]ncn-°p∂ XpI-bpsS IW°v ssek≥kn kq£n-t°-≠Xpw ]©m-bØv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-

tºmƒ lmP-cm-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

16.2.3. s]mXp-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

1. am¿°-‰n¬ sXmgn¬ \S-Øp∂ Z√m-fp-Iƒ, IΩo-j≥ GP‚p-Iƒ, Xq°w t\m°p-∂-h¿, Afhp

t\m°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-h¿ ]Xn-h¿jw 25 cq]-bn¬ Ihn-bmØ ôkv HSp°n ssek≥kv hmßn-bn-

cn-°-Ww. Ch¿ s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v CuSm-t°≠ okv ]©m-bØv Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \n›-

bn®v ]kn≤oI-cn-°-Ww.

2. Dev]-∂-ßƒ Xcw Xncn-°p-I, kw`-cn-°pI F∂n-h°v am¿°-‰n¬ kuIcyw G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-

XmWv.

3. CuSm-°p∂ ôkv \nc°v am¿°-‰n¬ t\mókv t_m¿Un¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

\nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ssek≥kp-Iƒ,

cPn-kvtS-j≥1

82

16

16.3. kzImcy h≠n-Øm-h-f-ßƒ

kzIm-cy-h-≠n-Øm-hfw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Kma-]-©mbØn¬ \n∂pw ssek≥kv FSp-t°-≠Xpw Bb-

Xn-\p≈ At]-£-bn¬ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hnh-c-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cnt°≠-Xp-amWv.

(i) ÿe-t∏-cv, k¿t∆ \º¿, ÿe-Øn-s‚ hnkvXr-Xn.

(ii) G‰hpw ASpØv \ne-hn-ep≈ h≠n-Øm-h-f-Øns‚ hnhcw, Ch-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Zqcw.

(iii) At]-£-Is‚ t]cv, hb- v, tPmen, Xma-k-ÿew

(iv) ÿe-Øn-t∑-ep≈ At]-£-Is‚ A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ kz`mhw

(v) \ne-hn-ep≈ h≠n-Øm-h-f-am-sW-¶n¬ FX \mfmbn F∂v

(vi) km\n-´-dn, sUbn-t\Pv kuI-cy-ßƒ ImWn-°p∂ kvsI®v

(vii) h≠n-Øm-hfw ÿm]n-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n® hn⁄m-]-\-Øn-s‚ ]kn-≤o-I-cW sNehv XpI.

tamt´m¿ hml-\-ßƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ Hcp kzImcy h≠n-Øm-h-f-am-sW-¶n¬ doPn-\¬ Sm≥kvt]m¿ v

AtXm-dn-‰n-bpsS ap≥Iq-ń-bp≈ A\p-hmZw e`n®tijw ]©m-bØv At]-£-bn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-t°-

≠Xpw N´-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ t^md-Øn¬ ssek≥kv \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

ssek≥kv ôkv : ]pXp-Xmbn ssek≥kv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw BbXv ]pXp-t°-≠-Xn-\p-ap≈

ôkv ]c-am-h[n 200 cq]-bn¬ Ihn-bmØ hn[w ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ XpI-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ôkv: 9˛mw N´ ]Imcw ]©m-bØv \n›-bn-®n-´p≈ \nc-°n¬ IqSp-X-em-

hm≥ ]mSn-√.

hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v 1995 ˛ se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (C-d-°p-ÿ-e-ßƒ, hncm-a-ÿ-e-ßƒ, h≠n-

Øm-h-f-ßƒ, a‰v hml\ Ãm≥Up-Iƒ) N´-ßƒ ImWp-I.

16.4. Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ

Iim-∏p-im-e-Ifpw Cd-®n-°-S-Ifpw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v 1996˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (I-im-∏p-im-e-

Ifpw Cd-®n-°-S-I-fpw) N´-ßƒ _m[-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp ]pXnb Iim-∏p-ime Bcw-`n-°p-∂-

Xnt\m \ne-hn-ep-≈Xv XpS¿∂p \S-Øp-∂-Xnt\m 50 cq] ô HSp°n N´-Øn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ \n›nX

t^md-Øn¬ (t^mdw ˛ III) At]£ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w \n¿Ωn-°m-\p-t±-in-

°p∂ sIń-S-Øns‚ πm\pw kvsI®pw, Pe-e-`yX kw-_-‘n® hnh-c-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. IqSmsX

]X-]-ckyw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ sNehv IqSn sIń-sh-

°p-Ibpw thWw.

\n¿±njvS Ad-hp-ime kw_-‘n®v Bt£]w

t_m[n-∏n-°m≥ 30 Znh-ksØ ka-b-a-\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-

≠p≈ t\mókv ]X-Ønepw ]©m-bØv Hmô-knepw

]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw CXp-]-Imcw e`n-°p∂ Bt£-

]-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v ssek≥kv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xp kw_-

‘n®v Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-t≈-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

ôkv: ]pXnb Ad-hp-im-e°v G‰hpw Ipd-™Xv

aq∂qdv cq]bpw \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xns‚ ssek≥kv ]pXp-

°p-∂-Xn\v G‰hpw Ipd-™Xv 500 cq] F∂-Xn\v hnt[-

b-ambn ap≥h¿jsØ hcp-am-\-Øn‚ Ccp-]Xv iX-am-

\am-bn-cn-°pw.

83

Iim-∏p-im-e-Iƒ ]men-t°≠ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ°v 1996-˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (I-im-∏p-im-e-

Ifpw Cd-®n-I-S-I-fpw) N´-ßfpw ]©m-bØv Ub-dIvS-dpsS 22.9.2005-˛se _n4-˛26575/05 \º¿ k¿°p-

edpw k¿°m-cns‚ 21.4.2009-˛se 6899/B¿.-F.3/09 Xkz-`h \º¿ k¿°p-edpw ImWp-I.

arK-ß-fpsS Iim∏v, amwk hnev]\ F∂nh \nb-¥n-t°-≠Xv Kma-]-©m-bØns‚ A\n-hmcy Npa-

X-e-bm-Wv. Kma-]-©m-bØv ]tZ-iØv Hcp s]mXp Iim-∏p-im-e-bntem ssek≥kp≈ Iim∏p ime-

bntem h®-√msX bmsXm-cmfpw arK-ßsf Iim∏p sNøm≥ ]mSn-√m-Øp-am-Wv. amX-a-√, sh‰dn-\dn

k¿P≥ ]cn-tim-[n®v Blm-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ A\p-tbm-Py-am-sW∂v Dd-∏m-°nb amwkw amXta

hnev]\ \S-Øp-hm≥ ]mSp-≈q. BI-bm¬ B[p-\nI coXn-bn-ep≈ Iim-∏p-ime ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw

BbXv ipNn-Xz-tØmsS ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ IS-a-bm-Wv.

16.5. ssehvtÃm°v ^map-Iƒ°v ssek≥kv \¬I¬

2012-˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (ssehv tÃm°v ^map-Iƒ°v ssek≥kv \¬I¬) N´ßƒ-

Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ ^map-Iƒ°v ]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰nse 232-˛mw hIp∏v ]Imcw Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚

ssek≥kv Bh-iy-ap≈ Ak-ly-amb ]h¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°psa∂v k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hm-bn-´p-≠v. AXp-

sIm≠v Xmsg ]d-bpw-]-Im-c-ap≈ ^map-Iƒ°v ]©m-bØv ss-e-k≥kv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

1. I∂p-Imen ^mw ˛ A©v arK-ßfn¬ IqSp-X¬

2. BSv ^mw ˛ Ccp-]Xv arK-ßfn¬ IqSp-X¬

3. ]∂n ^mw ˛ A©v arK-ßfn¬ IqSp-X¬

4. apb¬ ^mw ˛ Ccp-]-Øn-b©v arK-ßfn¬ IqSp-X¬

5. ]uƒSn ^mw ˛ \qdv ]£n-Ifn¬ IqSp-X¬

Cu N´ßƒ ]Imcw ]∂n ^mw \S-Øp-hm≥ ssek≥kv e`n® Bƒ 1998-˛se tI-cf ]©mbØv

cmPv (]-∂n-Iƒ°pw ]ń-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv \¬I¬) N´ßƒ -]-Imcw ]∂nsb hf¿Ø¬

ssek≥kv hmtß-≠-Xn-√.

^man¬ hf¿Øp∂ arK-ß-fpsS/]£n-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v ^map-Isf Bdv ¢mkp-I-fmbn

Xncn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥ A\p-k-cn-®v man-\p≈ okv HSp-t°-≠Xpw amen-\y-ßƒ Isøm-

gn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Iao-I-c-W-ßƒ G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XpamWv.

16.5.1 ssek≥kn-\p≈ At]-£bpw XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw

\n¿±njvS t^md-Øn-ep≈ At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w sIń-S-ß-fp-tSbpw ss]∏p-I-fp-tSbpw πm\pw ÿe-

Øns‚ kvsI®pw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

At]£ e`n®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw ]©m-bØv At]-£-bn¬ A\p-aXn \¬Ip-Itbm \ntj-[n-°p-

Itbm sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. ]cn-kc aen-\o-I-c-Wtam

iey-tam, s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy ]iv\ßtfm D≠m-Im≥

CS-bp-s≠∂v skI-´dn A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp∂]£w

Pn√m saUn-°¬ Hmô-k-dp-tStbm aen-\o-I-cW

\nb-¥W t_m¿Uns‚ Pn√m A[n-Im-cn-bp-sStbm

]cn-tim-[\ Ipdn∏v ]cnK-Wn®-tijambn-cn-°Ww

]©m-bØv Xocp-am\w ssIsIm-t≈-≠-Xv.

]©m-b-Øns‚ A\p-aXn e`n® tijw mw \S-

Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn \n¿±njvS o HSp°n skI-´-dn-bn¬

\n∂pw ssek≥kv hmßn-bn-cn-°-Ww.

1

84


cPn-kvtS-j≥16

A∏o¬ : skI-´-dn-bpsS Xocp-am-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc ]©m-bØv IΩn-‰n-bnepw ]©m-b-Øns‚ Xocp-am-

\-Øn-t∑¬ ssS_yq-W¬ apºm-sIbpw A∏o¬ ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

16.6. Syqt´m-dnb¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥

Kma-]-©m-b-Øn¬ ap≥Iqń cPn-Ã¿ sNømsX bmsXmcp Syqt´m-dn-b¬ ÿm]-\hpw ÿm]n-°m≥

]mSp-≈-X-√. cPn-kvtS-j-\pth≠n-bp≈ At]£ ÿm]\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v 15 Znh-k-sa-¶nepw

apºmbn 200 cq] ôkv klnXw skI´-dnbv°v ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

At]-£-bn¬ Hcm-gvN-°Iw ÿe-]-cn-tim-[\ \SØn ÿe-Øns‚ ipNn-Xzw, kpc-£n-X-Xzw, A[ym-

]-I-cp-tSbpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-tSbpw ]mY-anI Bh-iy-ßƒ°p≈ kuIcyw F∂nh IW-°n-se-SpØv

Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-t≈-≠-Xm-Wv. At]£ \nc-kn-°p∂ ]£w At]-£-I\v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv tIƒ°m≥

Ah-kcw \¬tI≠-Xm-Wv.

cPn-kvtS-j≥ ]pXp-°¬ : kmº-Øn-I-h¿jw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv cPnkvtS-j≥ ]pXp-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. ]pXp-°¬ ôkv 50 cq] klnXw CXn-\mbn At]-£n-°-Ww.

hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ°mbn tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 266, 267 F∂n-hbpw 1999 se tIcf

]©m-bØv cmPv (Syq-t´m-dn-b¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥) N´-ßfpw ImWp-I.

16.7. kzImcy Bip-]-Xn, ]mcm-sa-Un-°¬ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtS-j≥

]©m-bØv ]tZ-isØ F√m kzImcy Bip-]-Xn-Ifpw ]mcm-sa-Un-°¬ ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]©m-b-

Øn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-Ibpw Hmtcm h¿jhpw cPn-kvtS-j≥ ]pXp-°p-Ibpw thWw. cPn-Ã¿ sNømsX

CØcw ÿm]\w \S-Øp-∂Xv 5000 cq] hsc ]ng CuSm-°m-hp∂ Ip‰-am-Wv.

cPn-kvtS-j-\p≈ At]£ ÿm]\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v 15 Znh-k-Øn-\p-ap-ºmbn 200 cq] ôkv

klnXw skI-´-dn°v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. At]£ e`n-®m¬ Hcm-gvN-°Iw ÿew ]cn-tim-[n®v ipNn-

Xzw, sIń-S-Øns‚ kpc-£n-XXzw, At]-£-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ a‰p Imcy-ßfpsS \nP-ÿnXn F∂nh hne-

bn-cpØn At]-£-bn¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. At]£ X≈n-I-f-bm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ At]-£-I\v Imcy-ßƒ t_m[n-∏n°m≥v Hc-h-kcw \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv. skI-´-dn-bpsS Xocp-am-

\-Øn-s\-Xnsc Bt£-]-ap≈ ]£w Kma-]-©m-bØv apºmsI A∏o¬ ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hm¿jnI okv ]ncn-°¬ : Hcp kzImcy Bip-]-Xn°v N∏p-N-hdp \n¿Ωm¿÷-\w, aen-\-Pe \n¿K-

a\w XpS-ßnb tkh-\-ßƒ \¬Ip∂p-sh-¶n¬ Bb-Xn\v ]Xn-h¿jw 1000 cq] hsc ôkv CuSm-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

16.8. ]n.-]n.-B¿. ssek≥kv

hnZym-`ymk Im-cy-ßƒt°m aX-]-c-amb Imcy-ßƒt°m HgnsI ôkv CuSm-°n-s°m≠v \S-Øp∂

ÿnc-am-btXm Xmev°m-en-I-am-btXm Bb Iem, ImbnI ]Z¿i-\tam Ifn-Itfm \S-Øp∂ ÿe-

tØtbm, IqSm-csØtbm, sjÕn-t\tbm AXp-t]m-ep≈ a‰p ÿe-ß-tftbm BWv ]ªnIv dntkm¿´v

ÿew F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.- sd-bkvvtIm-gvkv, k¿°-kv, ayqknIv lmƒ, Pnwt\-jyw, Ifcn apX-em-bh

CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

50 N.-ao-‰tdm AXn¬ A[n-Itam Xd hnkvXo¿Æw D≈ CØcw F√m ÿeØpw \S-Øp∂

s]mXp hnt\mZ ]cn-]m-Sn°v ]©m-b-Øns‚ ssek≥kv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

ssek≥kn-\mbn At]£ ˛ ÿ-eØn-s‚bpw sIń-S-Øns‚ kvsI®v, DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw sXfn-bn-

°p∂ tcJ F∂nh klnXw ]©m-bØv skI-´-dn°v ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

85

ÿe-Øns‚ kpc-£n-X-Xzw, IrXy-amb DS-a-ÿXm/ssIh-im-h-Imiw F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v ]©mbØv

ssek≥kv \¬tI-≠Xpw Bb-Xn\v 28-˛mw N´-Øn¬ \n¿t±-in® ôkv CuSm-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

16.9. kn\n-tam-t‰m-Km v ssek≥kv

1958-˛se tIcf kn\nam (d-Kp-te-j≥) BIvSv, 1988-˛se tIcf kn\nam sdKp-te-j≥ N´w F∂nh

]Im-c-amWv kn\n-tam-t´m-Km^v ]Z¿i\ ssek≥kv \¬tI-≠-Xv.

ssek≥kn-\p≈ \n›nX t^md-Øn-ep≈ At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w Xmsg ]d-bp∂ tcJ-Iƒ thWw.

1. 100 ao‰¿ tdUn-b-kn-ep≈ hnZym- ymk ÿm]\-w, Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ, Btcm-Ky-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ F∂nh

AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssk‰v πm≥.

2. ÿe-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw sXfn-bn-°p∂ tcJ.

3. At]-£-I≥ ÿe-ap-S-a-b-s√-¶n¬ ÿe-ap-S-a-bpsS kΩ-X-]-Xw.

4. s]mXp-a-cm-aØv FIvkn-Iyq-óhv F©n-\o-b-dn¬ \n∂p≈ kvSIv®-d¬ ku≠v\ v k¿ń-^n-°-‰n\v

th≠ Unssk≥ tcJ.

5. No^v Ce-IvSn-°¬ C≥kvs]-IvS-dn¬ \n∂p≈ n‰v\ v k¿ń-^n-°-‰n-\p-th≠ Ce-IvSn-°¬ h-b-

dnwKv πm≥.

6. km\n-t‰-j≥ k¿ń-^n-°‰v e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v sl¬Øv Hmô-k¿°v Ab-t°≠ km\n-t‰-j≥ kw_-

‘n® hnh-c-ßƒ.

7. Fb¿ I≠o-j≥ sNbvX Xnb-‰-dm-sW-¶n¬ ^b¿ Hmô-k-dpsS km£y-]-X-ßƒ°v Bh-iy-amb

tcJ.

8. \n›nX ôkv AS® tcJ

ôkv : ÿncw Xntb-‰¿ ˛ 100 cq] (hm¿jnIw)

Xmev°m-enIw ˛ 250 cq] (hm¿jn-Iw)

apI-fn¬ ImWn® A[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ dnt∏m¿´v e`n® tijw Xt±i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]\w

Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØv sIńS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\pw -ÿm-]-\-Øn\p-ap≈ A\p-aXn \¬I-Ww. \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øo-

I-cn®v ta¬ A[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ km-£y-]-Xßƒ klnXw ssek≥kn-\mbn At]-£n-t°-

≠Xpw 1000 cq] ô CuSm°n c≠m-gvN-°p-≈n¬ t^mdw E bn¬ ssek≥kv \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

A∏o¬ A[n-Imcn : ]©mb-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc Pn√m If-IvS¿°v A∏o¬ \¬Im-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv.

1

86


cPn-kvtS-j≥16

\nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ˛ B]¬°-chpw Ak-ly-hp-amb

hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw ^mIvS-dn-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv

17

17.1. \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ˛ ]k‡n

17.2. ssek≥kpw A\p-a-Xnbpw ˛ kmam-\y-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ (tIcf

]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 236)

17.3. ssek≥kv \¬I¬ ˛ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

17.4. ^mIvS-dnIƒ h¿°vtjm∏pIƒ

17.5. A\p-hmZw tXS¬

17.6. sIń-S-\n¿ΩmW N´-]-Imcap≈ At]£ Xo¿∏m-°¬

17.7. A∏o¬

17.8. Hgn-hm-°¬ (tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 233 _n)

17.9. ]ngbpw A[n-I-ôkpw

17.10. ÿe-\m-aw -tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

17.1. \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw ˛ ]k‡n

Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-I-sf ][m-\-ambn 4 hn`m-Kßfmbn Xncn°mw. s]mXp-P-\-

ß-fpsS s]mXp kuIcyßfpambn _‘-s∏-´-h, s]mXp-ap-X-ep-IfpsS kwc-£-Whpambn _‘-s∏-

´h, s]mXp-tkh\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h, \nb-¥-W-]cw(sse-k≥kp-Ifpw A\p-hm-Z-ß-fpw) F∂n-

h-bm-W-h. ]cn-k-c-a-en-\o-I-c-Ww, A¥-co£ aen-\o-I-c-Ww, i_vZ-a-en-\o-I-cWw F∂nh aqew s]mXp-

Po-hnXw Zp -l-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ah \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw Imcy-£-a-ambn hn\n-

tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw hyh-km-b-ßƒ°pw ssek≥kv \¬Ip-∂-XneqsS e`n-

°p∂ ôkv ]©m-b-Øns‚ hcp-am-\-am¿§-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ hcp-am-\-Imcyw F∂-Xn-ep-]cn

s]mXp Xmev]-cy-Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn P\-Po-hnXw \nb-¥n-°m-\p-≈ \nb-a-kw-hn-[m\w F∂ \ne-

bnembn-cn-°Ww \nb-¥-Wm-[n-Im-csØ ImtW-≠-Xv. AtXmsSm∏w sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈ auenIm-

h-Imi kwc-£-Whpw Kma-`-c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-t°-≠Xp≠v. sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈ Ah-Im-

ihpw s]mXp-Xm-ev]-cyhpw Xpe\w sNbvXp thWw ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈m≥.

17.2. ssek≥kpw A\p-a-Xnbpw ˛ kmam-\y-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ (tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv

BIvSv hIp∏v 236)

1. ssek≥knt\m A\p-a-Xnt°m D≈ At]£ Imem-h-[n°v 30 Znh-k-Øn-¬ Ipd-bm-sXbpw F∂m¬

90 Znh-k-Øn-¬ A[n-I-am-Im-sXbpw ap≥Iqń \¬I-Ww.

87

2. \nb-a-Øn¬ kv]jvS-ambn ]Zn-]m-Zn-®nń√mØ ]£w \¬Ip∂ -tk-h-\-Øn\\pkr-X-ambn ]©m-

bØv \n›n-°p∂ ôkv CuSm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

3. GsX-¶nepw Imcy-Øn¬ ]tXy-I-ambn ]cn[n \n›-bn-®n-ń-s√-¶n¬ At]£ e`n®v 30 Znh-k-

Øn\Iw ssek≥tkm A\p-a-Xntbm \¬Im-Ø-]£w BbXv \¬In-b-Xmbn IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv.

4. At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w ap≥Iq¿ okv HSp-°p-∂Xv sIm≠v amXw ssek≥tkm A\p-a-Xntbm e`n®-

Xmbn IW-°m-°m-≥ ]mSn-√m-ØXpw A\p-aXn \ntj-[n-°p∂ ]£w At]-£-I≥ AS® ôkv

XncnsI e`n-°p-∂-Xp-amWv.

5. ssek≥kv IqSm-sXtbm As√-¶n¬ ssek≥knse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v hncp-≤-amtbm ]h¿Øn-

°p∂ ]£w skI-´-dn°v t\mó-kvaqew ]h¿Ø\w \n¿Øn-°m-hp-∂Xpw \nb-a-]-Im-c-ap≈

]ng CuSm-°m-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

6. skI- dn \¬Ip-∂Xpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xp-amb F√m ssek≥kp-Ifpw A\p-a-Xn-Ifpw kw_-‘n®

hnhcw t\mókv t_m¿Un¬ CtS-≠-Xm-Wv.

7. ssek≥kv d±m-°n-sImt≠m kkvs]‚ v sNbvXp-sImt≠m \ntj-[n-®p-sImt≠m skI-´dn ]pd-

s∏Sp-hn-°p∂ F√m DØ-c-hnepw ImcWw hy‡-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

8. ssek≥kv \n_-‘\ ]men-°msXtbm As√-¶n¬ ssek≥kv IqSm-sXtbm ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS

]h¿Ø\w Cs√∂v Dd-∏m-°m-\mbn skI-´-dn°v kqtcym-Z-b-Øn\pw AkvX-a-b-Øn-\p-an-S-bn-ep-

ap≈ ka-bØv ]cn-tim-[\ \SØm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

9. ssek≥tkm A\p-a-Xntbm hmßn-b GsXm-cmfpw, B ssek≥tkm A\p-a-Xntbm ]m_-ey-

Øn-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ, \ymb-amb F√m kµ¿`-ß-fnepw skI-´dn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ lmP-cm-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

10. ]©m-b-Øn\v GsX-¶nepw \nIp-Xntbm ôtkm IpSn-»nI hcp-Ønb Hcmƒ°v bmsXmcp

ssek≥tkm A\p-a-Xntbm \¬Im-hp-∂-X-√.

17.3. ssek≥kv \¬I¬ ˛ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaØnse 232, 233 hIp-∏p-Ifpw 1996 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (B-

]¬°-chpw Ak-ly-hp-amb hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw, mIvS-dn-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv \¬I¬) N -ßfpa\pk-

cn®mWv hym]m-c-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ°pw hyh-km-b-im-e-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

• N´-Ønse H∂mw ]ń-I-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v ssek≥kv Bh-iy-am-Wv. (CXn-\mbn ]©m-

bØv s]mXp-hn-⁄m-]\w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.)

• ssek≥kv \¬tI≠ A[n-Imcn skI-´-dn-bm-Wv.

• hn‰p-h-c-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv ôkv CuSm-t°-≠-Xv. c≠mw ]ń-I-bnse Db¿∂ ]cn-[n°v

hnt[-b-ambn \nc-°v ]-©m-bØn\v Xocp-am-\n-°mw.

• 30 Znhkw ap≥]v ssek≥kv FSp-t°≠Xpw kmº-ØnI h¿jw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v 30 Znhkw

ap≥]v ssek≥kv ]pXp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn At]-£n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

17.4. ^mIvS-dnIƒ, h¿°vtjm∏pIƒ

b¥-km-a-Kn-Iƒ ÿm]n-®p-sIm≠v Bhn, Pew, bm¥n-Iw, sshZypXn F∂o i‡n-Iƒ D]-tbm-

Kn®v ]h¿Ø-\w \S-Øm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ ^mIvS-dn°pw h¿°vtjm-∏n\pw a‰v tPmen ÿe-Øn\pw

\nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw B]¬°-chpwAk-ly-hp-amb hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw^mIvS-dn-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv1

88

17

Kma-]-©m-b-Øv IΩn-‰n-bpsS A\p-hmZw Bh-iy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ a-en-\o-I-cW km[y-X-bn-√m-ØXpw 5

IpXn-c-i-‡n-bn¬ Ihn-bm-Ø- b¥ap]-tbm-Kn-®p-≈-Xp-amb hyh-kmb bqWn-‰p-Iƒ°v Kma-]-©m-b-

Øns‚ ]tXyI A\p-aXntbm C√msX okv CuSm°n skI-´-dn°v ssek≥kv \¬Im-hp-∂-XmWv.

sshZypXn sIm≠v ]h¿Øn-∏n-°p∂ b¥-km-a-Kntbm b¥tam D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ÿe-Øn\v

]ńI III ]Im-c-ap≈ ôkv CuSm°-Ww. (N´w 18)

sshZyp-Xn-b-√msX a‰v i‡n-sIm≠v \S-Øm-hp∂ b¥-km-a-KnIƒ ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ ]ńI IV

]Im-c-ap≈ ôkv CuSm-°-Ww. (N´w 20)

17.5. A\p-hmZw tXS¬

\n¿Ωn-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂tXm \nb-am-\p-kr-X-w \n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≈tXm Bb sIń-S-Øn-s‚bpw ssk‰n-

s‚bpw πm≥, DS-a-ÿ-Xbpw ssIh-im-h-Im-ihpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tcJ-Iƒ F∂nh klnXw

At]£ ka¿∏n-°-Ww. At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w kao-]-hm-kn-I-fpsS kΩ-X-]Xw \njvI¿jn-t°-≠-Xn-

√. b¥-km-a-Kn-I-fptStbm am\p-^m-IvN-dnwKv πm‚n-s‚tbm ÿm]\w aqew ]cn-k-c-]-tZ-i-Øp≈

P\-ßƒ°v ieytam ]cn-k-c-a-en-\o-I-c-Wtam D≠m-Im-\n-S-bpt≠m F∂v skI-´dn At\z-jn-°-≠Xm-

Wv. s]mXp-P-\m-t£]w h√-Xp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Ahbpw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \ncm-t£-]- k¿ń-^n-°-‰pIfpw

dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw kln-X-ap-≈ dnt∏m¿´v skI-´-dn Kma]-©m-bØv IΩn-‰n°v ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

1. 1948˛se ^mIvS-dokv BIv‰ns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬ ^mIvS-dokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsStbm

C≥U-kvSokv FIvÃ≥j≥ Hmô-k-dp-sStbm AwKo-Imcw

2. b¥-km-a-Kn-IfpsS IW-Iv‰Uv temUv 25HP bn¬ Ihn-bp-∂tXm As√-¶n¬ ieytam aen-\o-I-c-

Wtam D≠m-hm-\nSbp-≈-tXm B-sW-¶n¬ Pn√m saUn-°¬ Hmô-k-dpsS dnt∏m¿´v. (aen-\o-I-

cWw D≠m-°p-∂X-s√∂v hyh-kmb hIp-∏nse A[n-Im-c-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿt\m kwÿm\ aen-\o-

I-cW \nb-¥-W-t_m¿tUm ip]m¿i sNbvX tI p-Iƒ Pn√m saUn-°¬ Hmô-k¿°v- A-bt°-

≠-Xn√.)

3. Unhn-j-\¬ ^b¿ Hmô-k-dpsS \ncmt£]]-Xw.

4. kwÿm-\-a-en-\o-I-cW \nb-¥W t_m¿Un¬ \n∂p≈ I¨k‚ v Sp FÃm-ªnjv skI-´-dn-bpsS

dnt∏m¿´pw \ncm-t£-]-k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Ifpw ]cn-K-Wn®v At]-£-bn¬ 60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw kΩXw

\¬Ip-∂-Xnt\m \nc-kn-°p-∂-Xnt\m Kma-]-©m-b-Øn\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

]pXnb sIńS \n¿Ωm-W-am-sW-¶n¬ sIńS \n¿Ωm-W-N-´-]-Imcap≈ A\p-aXn skI-´dn \¬In-

bn-cn-°-Ww. F∂m¬ Kma-]-©m-bØv b¥kma-Kn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂Xv AXp

kw_-‘n-®p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]-Imcambn-cn-°-Ww.

17.6. sIń-S-\n¿ΩmW N -]-Imcap≈ At]£ Xo¿∏m-°¬

]©m-bØv A\p-aXn \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ \n¿±n-jvS-ôkv CuSm°n sIńS \n¿ΩmW A\p-

aXn \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A\p-hm-Z-]-Imcw sIńS \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øo-I-cn®v b¥-km-a-Kn-Iƒ ÿm]n® tijw ]h¿Øn-

°m-\p≈ ssek≥kn-\mbn At]-£n-t°≠Xpw, ]©mbØpw a‰v ÿm]-\-ßfpw \njv-I¿jn-®- \n-

_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-®n-´p-s≠∂v Dd-∏m-°nbpw Ch-cpsS \ncm-t£-]-]Xßƒ lmP-cm-°p∂apd°pw

ssek≥kv ôkv CuSm°n dÆnwKv ssek≥kv \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

89

17.7. A∏o¬

ssek≥kv At]£ \nc-kn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]©m-b-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-Øn-s\Xnsc -Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-

cW hIp∏v ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ ssS_yq-W¬ apºmsI At]-£I\v A∏o¬ ka¿∏n-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

17.8. Hgn-hm-°¬ (tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIv‰v hIp∏v ˛ 233 _n)

b¥-ßtfm D¬∏m-Z-\- bqWn-‰pItfm hyh-km-b-bq-Wn-‰p-Itfm ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-

kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ A\p-hmZw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p.

1. ho´m-h-iy-ßƒ°v th≠ntbm hy‡n-]-c-amb kuI-cy-Øn\v th≠ntbm D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ D]-I-c-

W-ßfpw b¥-ßfpw

2. Im¿jn-Im-h-iy-Øn\v ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ D]-I-c-W-ßƒ

3. ÿnc i≤ th≠n-h-cmØ Ãm‰nIv Sm≥kvt^m-a¿ tÃj-\p-Ifpw I≠≥k¿ tÃj-\p-Ifpw

4. sIm≠p-\-S-°m-hp∂ Un√nwKv b¥-ßfpw \n¿ΩmW Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ b¥-ßfpw

5. hnZym-`ym-k -ÿm-]-\-tØmSv/imkvX-kw_‘amb Bh-iy-ßƒ°v, ÿm]n-®n-´p≈ h¿°vtjm-

∏nse b¥-kw-hn-[m\w

6. sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚ sshZypXn Dev]m-Z\˛hnX-c-W- kwhn-[m\ßƒ

7. hm´¿ AtXm-dn-‰n-bpsS b¥-kw-hn-[m\ßƒ

8. A©v IpXn-c-i-‡n-bn¬ Ipd-hmb aen-\o-I-c-W-an-√mØsX∂v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ hyh-km-

b-ßƒ

9. hyh-kmb FtÃ-‰nsetbm hyh-kmb hnI-k\ ]tZ-i-tØtbm hyh-kmb bqWn-‰p-Iƒ (Ch

\n›nX ôk-S®v ]©m-b-Øn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNø-Ww)

10. kwÿm\/tIµ k¿°m-cns‚ ssIh-i-Øntem \nb-¥-W-Øntem D≈-Xv.

17.9. ]ngbpw A[n-I- okpw

Xma-kn®p \¬Ip∂ At]-£-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ]ńI 3 ]Im-chpw ]ńI 4 ]Im-chpap≈ okns‚

25% A[n-I-ôkp NpaØmw. H∂mw ]ń-I-bn¬ ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ°v ]ńI 3 ]Im-cw Npa-Øp∂

ôkn\v C]-Imcw A[n-I-ôkv Npa-Øm≥ hyh-ÿ-bn-√.

N´-ew-L-\-Øn\v ]©m-b-Øn\v hIp∏v 255 ]Im-c-ap≈ ]ng CuSm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu

hyh-ÿ-]-Im-c-ap≈ ]ng XpI Ipd-bv°p-hm≥ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xn\m¬ CXn-\p≈ N´w ]kn-≤o-

I-cn® tijw ]ng CuSm-°n-bm¬ aXn F∂v 13.9.2006 se 36273/B1 /06/Xkz-`h \º¿ k¿°p-e-dn¬

\n¿±-in-®n-´p≠v.

17.10. ÿe-\m-aw -tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

ssek≥kv ]pXp°n \¬Ip-tºmgpw BZy-ambn \¬Ip-tºmgpw, ÿm]-\-ßƒ Ah ÿnXn-sN-

øp∂ ÿe-Øns‚ t]cv ae-bm-f-Ønepw Cw•o-jnepw t_m¿Un¬ tcJ-s∏SpØn F∂ Dd-∏p-h-cp-

ØWw.

1

90

\nb-¥-Wm-[n-Imcw B]¬°-chpwAk-ly-hp-amb hym]m-c-ßƒ°pw^mIvS-dn-Iƒ°pw ssek≥kv17

knhn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥

18

18.1. P\\ acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nb-a-hpw N´-ßfpw

18.2. t\m¨ Assh-e-_n-en‰n k¿ń-^n-°‰v

18.3. Dt]-£n-°-s∏´/ZsØ-SpØ Ipń-I-fpsS P\\ cPn-kvtS-j≥

18.4. P\\ cPn-kvtS-j-\n¬ t]cv tN¿°¬

18.5. Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ

18.6. tIcf hnhm-l-ßƒ cPn-Ã¿ sNø¬ (s]m-Xp) N´-ßƒ 2008


18.1. P\\ acW cPn-kvtSj≥ \nb-a-hpw N -ßfpw

1969 se P\\ acW cPnkvtS-j≥ \nbaw tIµ BIvSv BWv. Cu \nbaw 1.4.1970 emWv \ne-hn¬

h∂-Xv. C¥y-bnsem´msI ]m_-ey-ap≈ \nb-a-amWnXv. 32 hIp-∏p-Iƒ amX-am-Wp-≈-Xv. ]kvXpX

\nb-a-Ønse 30-˛mw hIp∏v ]Im-c-ap≈ A[n-Imcw hn\n-tbm-Kn®v sIm≠v 29.6.70 ¬ P\\ acW cPn-

kvtSj≥ N´-ßƒ kwÿm-\Øv ]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂p. Cu N´-ßƒ ]cn-jvI-cn®v sIm≠v 1999 ¬

]pXnb N´w ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-Ibpw BbXv 1.1.2000 ¬ \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

kwÿm-\Øv ]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS¿ P\\ ac-W No^v cPn-kvSmdmbpw Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ ]©m-

bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿ Pn√m cPn-kvSmdmbpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ Hmtcm cPn-

kvtS-j≥ bqWn‰pw Kma-]-©m-bØv skI-´dn cPn-kvSm-dp-am-Wv. Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ Pq\n-b¿

kq]≠v slUv ¢m¿°v/bp.Un ¢m¿°v F∂n-h-cn¬ Hcmsf k_v cPn-kvSm¿ Bbn \nb-an-°p-∂-Xn\v

]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvSdpsS 12.6.1990 se _n II -20217/90 \º¿ DØ-chv ]Imcw A\p-aXn \¬In-bn- p≠v.

Cßs\ \nb-an-°-s∏-Sp∂ k_v cPn-Ãm¿am¿°v km[m-cW cPn-kvtS-j≥ tPmen°v ]pdsa sk£≥

12 A\p-k-cn-®p≈ Npa-X-e-IqSn amXta \¬Ip-hm≥ ]mSp-≈q.

F√m P\\hpw acWhpw \n¿÷o-h-P-\-\hpw 21 Znh-k-Øn-\Ihpw _‘-s∏´ cPn-kvtS-j≥ bqWn-

‰n¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNtø-≠-XmWv. 21 Znh-kw Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ 2/˛-- cq] ]ng-sbm-Sp°n P\\w/acWw

\S∂v 30 Znh-kw hsc cPn-kvSm¿°v cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-hp-∂XmWv.

30 Znh-kØn\Iw dnt∏m¿´v sNømØ P\\ acWßƒ Hcp h¿jw hsc Pn√m- c-Pn-kvSmdnt‚bpw

(]©m-bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿) Hcp h¿j-Øn-\Iw dnt∏m¿´v sNøm-Øh k_vUn-hn-j-W¬ cPn-

kvSmdn-t‚bpw (B¿.-Un.-H) A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS \n›n-X-]ng HSp-°n cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hntZ-iØv sh®v \S-°p∂ P\\hpw ac-Whpw C¥y≥ tIm¨kp-te-‰p-I-fn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. Ipń-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ C¥y-bn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-°-W-sa∂ Dt±-i-tØm-Sp-IqSn Xncn-®p-h-

91

∂m¬ B Ipń-bpsS P\\w C¥y-bn-se-Ønb XobXn apX¬ 60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Chn-tSbpw cPn-kvtS-

j≥ \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ta¬∏-d™ ]Imcw 60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXn-s√-¶n¬ P\\ acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ BIv‰nse

13˛-mw hIp-∏nse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hntZ-iØv \S-°p∂ ac-W-ß-fpsS cPn-kvtSj≥ C¥y-bn¬ \S-Øm-hp-∂-X-√.

cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°-gn-™m-ep-S≥ Adn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂-bmƒ°v sk£≥ 12

]Imcap≈ k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ bmsXmcp ôkpw hmßmsX \n¿_-‘-ambpw \¬tI≠Xm-Wv. 30 Znh-

k-Øn-\Iw BbXv ssI∏-‰n-bn-√m-sb-¶n¬ XpS¿∂v 15 ZnhkØn\Iw _‘-s∏-´-h¿°v X]m-en¬

Ab-®p-sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

18.2. t\m¨ Assh-e-_n-en‰n k¿ń- n-°‰v

P\-\hpw ac-Whpw Xma-kn®p cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-Xn-te-°mbn P\\ acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ N´w 13 D]-

N-´w (3) A\p-k-cn®v ^mdw \º¿ 10 ¬ Hcp t\m¨ Assh-e-_n-en‰n k¿ń-^n-°‰v P\\ acW cPn-

kvSm¿ \¬tI≠Xm-Wv. P\\ ÿew AYhm ac-W-ÿew Dƒs∏-Sp-∂ -c-Pn-kvtSj≥ bqWn-‰n¬

\n∂v amXta k¿ń-^n-°‰v \¬Im-hq.

18.3. Dt]-£n-°-s∏´/ZsØ-SpØ Ipń-I-fpsS P\\ cPn-kvtS-j≥

ZsØ-Sp-°p∂ Ipń-bpsS P\\ cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-te-°mbn k¿°m¿ 22.11.2008 ¬ 4106/08/

Xkz-`h \º-cmbn DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v. 22.11.2008 \v apºv ZsØ-SpØ tI p-I-fn¬ CXp-hsc

P\\w cPn-kvtSj≥ sNbvXn-ń-√m-sb-¶-n¬ ZsØ-Sp-°¬ A\p-h-Zn® tImSXn DØ-c-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ ZsØ-SpØ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \¬Ip∂ At]-£-]-Imcw Ah¿ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-°nb ÿesØ

cPn-kvtSj≥ bqWn-‰n¬ P\\w cPn-Ã¿ sNtø≠XmWv.

ZsØ-Sp-°-s∏´ \mfn-Xp-hsc P\\w cPn-Ã¿ sNøm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp∂ Ipń-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw

C\nbpw ZsØ-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ipń-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw P\\w amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ÿnc-ta¬ hnem-k-

apƒs∏-Sp∂ Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNøm\pw ]kvXpX ÿew P\\ ÿe-ambn

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw A\p-aXn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. (Pn.H (B¿.-‰n) \w.2143/2012/Xkz-`h XobXn 4.8.2012).

\nb-a-]-c-ambn ZsØ-Sp-°mØ Ipń-I-fpsS P\-\hpw cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-hm≥ 20.5.2013 se 17484/B¿Un3/

13/Xkz-`h \º¿ k¿°p-e¿ ]Imcw A\p-aXn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

18.4. P\\ cPn-kvtS-j-\n¬ t]cv tN¿°¬

Ipń-bpsS t]cv tN¿°msX \S-Øp∂ cPn-kvtS-j-\p-I-fn¬ P\\ acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nb-a-

Ønse 14˛mw hIp∏pw N´ß-fnse 10˛mw N´hpw A\p-k-cn-®mWv t]cv tN¿t°-≠-Xv. cPn-kvtS-j≥

XobXn apX¬ Hcp h¿j-Øn-\Iw IpńbpsS t]cv tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn\v tijw 5/-˛ cq] te‰v

ô HSp°n t]cv tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsS kwbp-‡m-t]£ ]ImcamWv t]cv tN¿t°-

≠Xv. 1.4.1970 \v apºp≈ P\\ cPn-kvtS-j\pI-fn-¬ t]cv tN¿°p-∂Xn\v No^v cPn-kvSm-dpsS A\p-

aXn hmtß-≠-Xm-Wv.


P\-\-c-Pn-tÃ-j≥ ka-btØm AXn\v tijw Ipńsb kvIqfn¬ tN¿°p-∂-Xn\v apºmtbm Ipń-

bpsS t]cv sX‰mbn P\\ cPn-kvtS-j-\n¬ tN¿Øp-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kwbp‡

At]-£-bp-tSbpw (]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb tIkn¬ Ipń-bpsS At]-£) kvIqƒ tcJ-bp-sSbpw ASn-

knhn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥1

92

18

ÿm-\-Øn¬ At\z-jn®v t_m≤yw h∂ tijw kvIqƒ tcJ-]-Im-c-ap≈ t]cv tN¿°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

CXn-\mbn sX‰mb t]cv tN¿°m-\p-≠mb kml-Ncyw hy‡-am-°p∂ Hcp kXy-hm-Mvaqew amXm-]n-

Xm-°ƒ \¬tI≠Xpw sX‰mb hnhcw tN¿Ø Ip‰w cmPn-bm°p-∂-Xn\v 50/-˛ cq] tImºu-≠nwKv ô

HSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ipńsb kvIqfn¬ tN¿Ø-tijw P\\ cPn-kvtSj\n¬ t]cv tN¿°p∂ tI p-I-

fn¬ kvIqƒ tcJ \n¿_-‘-ambpw lmP-cm-t°-≠Xpw AXv ]Imcw Xs∂ t]cv tN¿t°-≠-Xp-amWv.

P\\ cPn-kvtS-j-\p-I-fnse t]cnse C\o-jy¬ hnI-kn∏n®v Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-

te-°mbn amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kwbp‡ At]-£bpw (]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb tIkn¬ Ipń-bpsS At]-

£) sX‰mb t]cv tN¿°m-\n-S-bmb kml-Ncyw hy‡-am-°p∂ Hcp kXy-hm-Mvaq-e-hpw amXm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ \evtI-≠Xpw sX‰mb hnhcw tN¿Ø-Ip‰w cmPn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v 50/-˛ cq] tImºu-≠nwKv ô

HSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

P\\w \S°ptºmƒ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Xma-kn-°p∂ hnem-k-amWv P\\ cPn-kvtSj-\n¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. CXv thsdmcp hnem-k-ambn Xncp-Øm≥ ]mSn-√. F∂m¬ A£-c-sX-‰p-I-fpw hnem-k-

Ønse GsX-¶nepw Hcp `mKw hn´p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶ntem A[n-I-ambn tN¿Øn-´p-s≠-¶ntem Ah

t_m≤y-s∏´v, cPn-kvSm¿°v Xs∂ Xncp-ØpItbm Iqń-t®¿°p-Itbm \o°p-Itbm sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Kk‰v hn⁄m-]\w hgn t]cv am‰n-bm¬ AXn≥ ]Imcw P\\ cPn-kvtSj\n¬ Ipń-bpsStbm

amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-tSsbm t]cv Xncp-Øm-hp-∂-X-√.

1.4.70 \v apºp≈ cPn-kvtS-j-\p-I-fnse F√m Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw No^v cPnkvSm-dpsS A\p-aXn

hmtß≠Xm-Wv.

18.6. tIcf hnhm-l-ßƒ cPn-Ã¿ sNø¬ (s]m-Xp) N -ßƒ 2008

Cu N´w 29.2.2008 \v ]m_ey-Øn¬ h∂p. ]kvXpX \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v ]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS¿ apJy-

c-Pn-kvSm¿ P\-depw ]©m-bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿ c-Pn-kvSm¿ P\-depw 1969 se P\\ acW cPn-

kvtS-j≥ \nb-a-]-Imcw \nb-an-°-s∏´ P\\ ac-W-c-Pn-kvSm¿ Ah-cpsS A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp∂

]tZ-i-ß-fnse Xt±i cPn-kvSm¿ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xpam-Wv.

]kvXpX N´w \ne-hn¬ h∂-Xn\v tijw kwÿm-\Øv \S-°p∂ F√m hnhm-l-ßfpw \n¿_-‘-

ambpw cPn-Ã¿ sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. hnhmlw \S∂v 45 Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈

satΩm-dm≠w \n›nX ^md-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

45 Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ satΩm-dm≠w ^b¬ sNøm-Øh, hnhmlw \S∂ XobXn apX¬ Hcp h¿j-

°m-em-h[n Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb hnhm-l-ßƒ Xt±-i-c-Pn-kvSm¿°v \n›nX ]ng CuSm°n cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-

hp-∂XmWv.

Hcp h¿j-Øn\v tij-ap≈ hnhmlw cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-Xn\v _‘-s∏´ cPn-kvSm¿ P\-d-ens‚

A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpIqSn \n›nX ]ng CuSm°n cPn-Ã-¿ sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.


Xt±-i-c-Pn-kvSm¿°v kzta-[tbm I£n-Iƒ aptJ-\-bp≈ At]-£-bn-t∑tem hnhml (s]m-Xp)-

cPn-kvSm-dnse GsX-¶nepw Dƒ°p-dn∏v Xe-Øntem kmcmw-i-Øntem sX‰m-sWt∂m AY-hm- hy-mP-

amtbm IrXy-a-√m-sXtbm D≠m-°n-b-Xm-sWt∂m t_m≤y-s∏-Sp∂ ]£w \n_-‘-\-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-

ambn cPn-kvtS-j≥ d±v sNø¬ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ DNnXamb Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ A ¬ Dƒ°p-dn-∏n\v

bmsXmcp am‰hpw hcp-ØmsX \S-Ømw.

93

t]cv, hb- v, XobXn apX-em-bh kmc-h-Ømb hni-Zmw-i-ß-fnse F√m Xncp-Ø-ep-Ifpw d±m-°-ep-

Ifpw _‘-s∏´ cPn-kvSm¿ P\-d-ens‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmSpIqSn amXw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

kwÿm-\Øv \S-°p-∂- hn-hm-l-ßƒ cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-Xn\v 2008 se tIcf hnhm-l-ßƒ cPn-Ã¿

sNø¬ (s]mXp) N´-ß-fnse N´w 9 ]Im-c-ap≈ B[n-Im-cn-I-tcJ lmP-cm-°n-bm¬ At]-£-cpsS

lnXm-\p-k-cWw ]kvXpX N´-Øn≥ Iogn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (k.-D.(km[m)

\w.3134/2012/Xkz-`h XobXn 14.11.2012).

knhn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥1

94

18

[\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v

19

19.1. Fßs\ ]Ww kzcq]n°mw?

19.2. ]Ww sNehm°ptºmƒ Fs¥√mw i≤n°Ww?

19.3. hcpam\hpw sNehpw ap≥Iqń ImWpI

19.4. hcpam\Ønt‚bpw sNehnt‚bpw IW°v

19.5. A°u≠_nen‰n Fßs\?

19.6. Imcy-£-a-amb [\-hn-\n-tbmKw

19.7. [\hn\ntbmK XXz-ßƒ

19.8. sNe-hp-I-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv

19.9. hnhn[ C\w sNehpIƒ

19.10. sNehv ˛ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

19.11. sNehv sNøm≥ ]mSn-√m-Øh

19.12. sNehv sNøp-tºmƒ

19.13. sNehv sNbvXXn\v tijw i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

19.14. a‰p hn`-h-ß-fpsS hn\n-tbmKw

19.15. a‰p hn`-h-ß-fpsS Imcy-£-a-amb hn\n-tbmKw Fßs\ Dd-∏p-h-cpØmw?

19.16. a‰v D]t`m-K-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hn\n-tbmKw

]©mbØn\v hchp≠v; sNehpap≠v. aXnbmb hchns√¶n¬ sNehv sNøm\mhn√. sNehv

IqSpwtXmdpw hchpw h¿≤n∏nt°≠XmWv. ]©mbØns‚ hnIk\˛t£a ]h¿Ø\ßƒ

\ndth‰m≥ ]Ww IqSntb Xocq. P\ßƒ°v ]e Bhiyßfpap≠v. hoSn√mØh¿°p hoSv thWw;

`qclnX˛`h\clnX¿°v hoSn\p `qan thWw; IpSnsh≈w thWw; sXcphp hnf°p thWw;

A¶WhmSnbnte°v Ifnt°m∏p thWw; kvIqfn¬ s]ÏpńIfpsS ]mYanImhiyßƒ°v

A\ptbmPyamb tSmbve‰v \n¿Ωn°Ww; ]ńIPmXn hnZym¿∞nIfpsS hnZym`ymk \nehmcw

Db¿ØWw; imcocnIamb sh√phnfnIƒ t\cnSp∂h¿°v kpKaambn Ibdnt∏mIp∂Xn\p≈

kuIcyw Bip]Xn sIńSØn¬ Hcp°Ww; tdmUv \∂m°Ww; ]pXnb tdmUv thWw ˛ Cßs\

]eXpw. Imew sN√pw tXmdpw Bhiyßƒ h¿≤n°pIbmWv. CsXms° \ndth‰Wsa¶n¬

Bhiyamb ]Ww kamlcnt°≠nhcpw.

95

19.1. Fßs\ ]Ww kzcq]n°mw?

]©mbØnte°v ]e coXnbn¬ ]Ww hcp∂p≠v. \nIpXnIƒ, hmSI, ôkv XpSßnb ]e

C\ßfn¬ X\Xp hcpam\w1; kwÿm\ k¿°mcpw tIµ k¿°mcpw \¬Ip∂ ≠pIfpw Km‚pIfpw;

a‰v Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]-\-ßfn¬ \n∂v kam-l-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂Xpw KpW-t-`m-‡m-°-fn¬ \n∂v tiJ-

cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂Xpamb hnlnXw; s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v k∂≤ tkh\hpw kw`m-h-\bpw;

CsXm∂pw XnIbmsXh∂m¬ hmbv]sbSp°pIbpw sNømw.

F√m tkmX- p-Ifpw ]q¿Æ-ambn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn ]c-am-h[n hn`hw

km[yamb am¿§ßfn¬ \ns∂√mw kzcq]n°p∂Xns\ kºq¿Æ hn`h

kamlcWw F∂v hntijn∏n°mw ˛ CXmWv [\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ns‚ H∂m-

asØ ASn-ÿm-\- in-e.

\nIpXn, ôkv XpSßnb hcpam\ßƒ Kma]©mbØpIƒ°p amXtabp≈p.

k¿°mcns‚ A\paXntbmsS _m¶pIfn¬ \nt∂m [\Imcyÿm]\ßfn¬ \nt∂m hmbv]-sb-

Sp-°mw.

19.2. ]Ww sNehm°ptºmƒ Fs¥√mw i≤n°Ww?

]©mbØns‚ ]Ww s]mXpapXemWv; P\ßfpsS ]WamWv. P\ßfmWv ]cam[nImcnIƒ;

P\ßƒ°pth≠n hnIk\˛t£a ]h¿Ø\ßƒ \n¿∆ln°p∂Xn\mWv P\]Xn\n[nIsf

NpaXes∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. P\]Xn\n[nIƒ P\ßtfmSv ]Xn_≤X ]pe¿ØWw, AXv Ah-

cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-Wv.

A[nImchpw NpaXebpap≈ Imcyßƒ°pth≠n amXambncn°Ww

]©mbØpIfpsS sNehv. GXv Dt±iØn\pth≠nbmtWm sNehv sNbvXXv,

B Dt±iw kêoIcn°Ww. ]mgv-sNe-hv, [q¿Øv, Zp¿hy-bw, \jvSw F∂nh

D≠m-°-cpXv. C]Imcw ]Ww sNehp sNøp∂Xns\ ê]Zamb

[\hn\ntbmKw F∂p ]dbmw. CXmWv [\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ns‚ c≠m-asØ

ASnÿm\ ine.

19.3. hcpam\hpw sNehpw ap≥Iqń ImWpI

Zqc°mgvNtbmsS, ]©mbØns‚ Hcp h¿jsØ Bhiyßƒ ap≥Iqń°≠v, ]Xo£nX

hcpam\Øn\pw sNehpIƒ°pap≈ _P‰v Xømdm°Ww.

F√m C\ßfnepw e`n°m\nSbp≈ apgph≥ XpIIfmWv ]Xo£nX hcpam\ambn

IW°nseSpt°≠Xv. F√m Xcw `cWs®ehpIfpw, tkh\s®ehpIfpw, hnIk\ s®ehpIfpw

sImSpØpXo¿°m\p≈ XpIIfpw ]Xo£nX sNehn¬ Dƒs∏SpØWw. ]Xo£nX hcpam\hpw

sNehpw bmYm¿∞yØn¬ Du∂nbp≈Xmbncn°Ww.

ASpØ h¿jtØ°pth≠n ]©mbØv Xømdm°p∂ hcpam\Øns‚bpw

sNehns‚bpw AS¶ens\ _P‰v F∂p ]dbp∂p. kºq¿Æ hn -h-k-am-l-c-

W-Øn\pw Imcy-£-a-amb [\-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn\pw _P‰v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

[\am-t\Pvsa‚ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ASn-ÿm\ inebm-Wv _P-‰nw-Kv.

1Xt±i kzbw- -cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ kzbw kam-l-cn-°p∂ \nIpXn hc-hp-Ifpw \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hc-hp-Ifpw tN¿∂-XmWv X\-

Xp-h-cp-am\w

[\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v1

96

19

19.4. hcpam\Ønt‚bpw sNehnt‚bpw IW°v

]©mbØv ]h¿Ø\ßƒ wKnbmbn sNbvXm¬ amXw t]mc, Aßs\ sNbvXpsh∂v P\ßsf

t_m≤ys∏SpØpIbpw thWw. CXn\v hcpam\hpw sNehpw kw_‘n® IW°pIƒ Nn´-bmbn

tcJ-s∏-SptØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

DØchmZnØs∏´ ÿm\ßfnencn°p∂h¿°v XßfpsS Hmtcm

]hrØntbbpw P\ßsf t_m≤ys∏SpØphm≥ _m≤yXbp≠v. ]Ww

sNehp sNøp∂ ImcyØn¬ ]tXyIn®pw CXns\ ‘A°u≠_nen‰n’ F∂v

]dbp∂p.

Hmtcm ZnhktØbpw hchpsNehpIƒ AXmXp ZnhkwXs∂ FgpXnkq£n°Ww. hnhn[

cPnÃdpIfnepw bYmkabw tcJs∏SpØWw. ]Xnamk A°u≠pw hm¿jnI A°u≠pw bYmIaw

amkm¥yØnepw h¿jm¥yØnepw Xømdm°Ww. hm¿jnI [\-Imcy tÃ‰vsa‚ v Xøm-dm°n

]©mbØv AwKoIcn®v HmUn‰n\p \¬IWw. A°u≠v ]ckys∏SpØWw. CXphgn

hchpsNehpIƒ P\ßsf t_m≤ys∏SpØptºmƒ ]©mbØns‚ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v

P\ßƒ°nSbn¬ hnizmkyX e`n°p∂p.

P\ßtfmSv IW°p ]dbm\p≈ _m≤yX \ndth‰Wsa¶n¬ IrXyamb

hchp sNehp IW°p thWw. Cu IW°ns\bmWv A°u≠v F∂p

]dbp∂Xv. [\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ns‚ \mem-asØ ASn-ÿm\ ine-bmWv A°u-

≠nw-Kv.

19.5. A°u≠_nen‰n Fßs\?

ta¬]d™ Imcyßsfms° sNøp∂pt≠msb∂v Fßs\ Dd∏phcpØpw? CXv km[yamIp∂Xv

HmUn‰v F∂ ]InbbneqsSbmWv.

Hmtcm h¿jmhkm\hpw hm¿jnI IW°v ]cntim[n°Ww. _P‰v IqSn

]cnKWn®mWv Cu ]cntim[\. CØcw ]cntim[\IfneqsS IW°v

icnbmsW∂pw ]©mbØns‚ kmºØnI Xmev]cyßƒ°v

A\pKpWambn´mbncp∂p hchpsNehpIƒ F∂pw P\ßƒ°v

t_m≤yamhpw. A]mIXIfps≠¶n¬ Ah shfn®Øphcpw.

C°mcyØn\v A[nImcw \¬Is∏´ HmUn‰¿am¿ tcJIfpsS

ASnÿm\Øn¬ ]cntim[\ \SØp∂p. tcJIfptSbpw

ùXnIt\´ßfptSbpw kmlNcyßfptSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬

P\ßƒ ]cntim[\ \SØp∂p (kmaqlnI HmUn‰v). CXn-\mbn

]©m-b-Øn-s‚ hc-hv- -sN-ehv IW-°p-Ifpw HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw

Kma-k- bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww.

hchpsNehp IW°pIƒ ]cntim[n®v HmUn‰¿am¿ HmUn‰v

\SØp∂p; IW°pIfpw ùXnI t\´ßfpw kmlNcyßfpw

]cnKWn®v P\ßƒ kmaqlnI HmUn‰v \SØp∂p.

97

19.6. Imcy-£-a-amb [\-hn-\n-tbmKw

GsXmcp ÿm]-\-Øn-t‚bpw \ne-\n-ev]n\v hfsc AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-bn-´p≈XmWv Imcy-£-a-

amb [\-hn-\n-tbm-Kw. \ΩpsS ][m\ ]iv\w ]W-an-√m-ØX-√, e`y-am-Ip∂ ]Ww Imcy-£-a-ambn

hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xm-Wv. CXv ]cn-l-cn-s®-¶n¬ amXta Im-cy-£-a-amb `cWw ]Zm\w

sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q.

19.7. [\hn\ntbmK XXz-ßƒ

F√m-bvt∏mgpw i≤n-t°≠ aq∂v [\hn\ntbmK -X-Xz-ßfp≠v. Ah Fs¥ms° F∂v t\m°mw.

(i) anX-hybw (Economy)KpW-\n-e-hmcw \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ G‰hpw Ipd™ sNe-hn¬, hn`m-h\w sNbvX e£yw

ssIh-cn-°pI. GXv km[\w hne-sIm-SpØv hmßp-tºmgpw GXv acm-aØv ]hrØn Gs‰-Sp-°p-tºmgpw

a‰v tkh-\- -t£a ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-tºmgpw G‰hpw Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ KpW-ta∑-tbmsSbmsW∂v

Dd∏phcpØWw. DZm: ]e hnebv°v t^mt´m-Ãm‰v sajo≥ e`n°ptºmƒ G‰hpw hne-°p-d-hn¬,

KpW\nehmcap≈ sajo≥, N´ßƒ A\p-k-cn®v hmßp-I. A\m-h-iy-amtbm s]mXp-]Ww hn\n-tbm-

Kn-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-√mØ Imcy-ßƒt°m ]Ww sNehv sNøm≥ ]mSn-√.

(ii) Imcy-£-aX (Efficiency)e£yw ssIh-cn®Xv, \ymboI-cn-°-Ø° sNe-hn¬ Xs∂bmbn-cn-°pI DZm: 50 ho´pIm¿°v

IpSnsh≈ hnXcWw \SØWw. 5 HP tamt´m¿ D]tbm-Kn®v CXv Ignbpsa¶n¬ AtX D]tbmKn°mhq.

ChnsS 10 HP tamt´m¿ D]tbmKn°p∂Xv Imcy£aXbn√mØ sNehmWv.

(iii) e-]m]vXn (Effectiveness)sNe-h-gn® XpIbv°v Dt±-in® êw ey`y-am-bns√¶n¬ sNehn\v ê]m]vXnbn√. DZm: Ffp-∏-

Øn¬ P\-\-˛a-cW k¿ń-^n-°-‰pIƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v Iºyq-´¿ hmßp-∂p. F∂m¬ Iºyq´¿

]cnioe\Øn\v Poh\°msc \ntbmKn°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.

Ipg¬ InW¿ Ipgn®p, sh≈w Inń-bn-√; an\nhyh-km-b- tIµØn\v sIńSw

]WnXp, D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√; hm´¿ AtXm-dn‰nbn¬ XpI sUt∏m-kn‰v sNbvXp,

ss]∏vsse≥ \ońbn√.Chsbms° e]m]vXnbn√mØ [\hn\ntbmKamWv.

19.8. sNe-hp-I-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv

]©m-b-Øns‚ sNe-hp-Isf πm≥/t\m¨ πm≥ sNehpIƒ, aqe[\/dh\yq sNehpIƒ

F∂nßs\ XcwXncn°mw.

(1) πm≥/t\m¨ πm≥ sNehpIƒ

• πm≥ sNehv ]≤Xn cq]o-I-cW am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn ]≤-Xn-tc-J-bn¬ Dƒs∏-

SpØn Pn√m Bkq-X-W-k-an-Xn-bp-sS- AwKo-Im-c-tØmsS \S-Øp∂ hnIk\ sNehpIƒ.

• t\m¨ πm≥ sNehv ˛ a‰v sNe-hp-Iƒ (i-º-fw, hmS-I, Hmôkv sNe-hp-Iƒ, \SØn∏v sNe-

hp-Iƒ, sabn‚\≥kv sNehpIƒ apX-embh)

(2) aqe-[-\-/dh\yq sN-ehpIƒ

• aqe[\sNehv ˛ BkvXn-Iƒ kyjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, \nehnep≈ BkvXn-I-fpsS aqeyw h¿≤n-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pap≈ sNehv (tdm-Uv,- sI-ń-Sw, Ip-Sn-sh≈- ]-≤Xn, ^¿Wo®¿ apXem-b-h)

[\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v1

98

19

• dh\yp sNehv˛]Xnhp sNehpIƒ˛AXmbXv iºfw, sshZypXn Nm¿÷v, A‰Ip‰∏WnIƒ,

a‰p sabn‚\≥kv sNehpIƒ XpSßnbh

sNe-hp-I-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv, hI-bn-cp-Ø-ep-I-fpsS ap≥K-W\ \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-

\pw, sNe-hp-I-fn¬ Fhn-sS-sb√mw i≤n-°-W-sa∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw klm-b-I-c-am-Wv.

19.9. hnhn[ C\w sNehpIƒ

XnXe ]©mbØpIfpsS hnhn[ C\w sNehpIƒ GsXm-s°-bm-sW∂v ]cntim[n°mw.

(i) `c-W-]-c-amb sNe-hp-Iƒ

]©m-bØv `c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ HmW-td-dnbw, iºfw, bmXm_Ø, sshZypXnNm¿÷v

XpSßnbh (iºfw, Kma, Pn√m ]©mbØpIfn¬ amXw)

(ii) A\n-hmcy sNe-hp-Iƒ

Kma]©mbØpIfpsS ImcyØn¬ tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv \nbaØns‚ aq∂mw ]ńIbn¬

\n¿t±in® A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ. DZm: sIńS\n¿ΩmW \nb¥Ww,

IpSnsh≈ tkmX pIfpsS ]cn]me\w, s]mXpN¥IfpsS ssIImcy I¿ØrXzw, sXcphp hnf°pIƒ,

ivaim\ßfpsS ]cn]me\w, P\\˛acW cPnkvtSj≥, Jcamen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\w, ]cnkc ipNnXzw

XpSßnbh.

(iii) hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ

kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\hpw kmaqly \oXnbpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\v th≠nbp≈ sNehv. Pn√m BkqXW

kanXn AwKoIcn® hm¿jnI ]≤XntcJ ]Imcw sNehm°p∂p.

(iv) BkvXn ]cn-]me-\-Øn-\pw kwc-£-W-Øn\pap≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ

LSI ÿm]-\-ßƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]©m-b-Øns‚ F√m BkvXn-Ifpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

sNe-hp-Iƒ.

(v) ASn-b-¥nc sNe-hp-Iƒ

• ASn-b-¥nc kml-N-cy-Øn¬ sNtø-≠ ]hrØn-Iƒ°p≈ sNe-hpI-ƒ°pw ]©m-b-Øns‚ A\paXn

BhiyamWv. F∂m¬ ap≥Iq¿ A\p-a-Xn-t\Sn sNbvXm¬ t]mc F∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ ASn-b-

¥nc ]m[m-\y-ap≈ Hcp ]hrØn sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-h-∂m¬ ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Ønse 156(5)

hIp-∏-\p-k-cn®v ]kn-U‚n\v AXv ]©m-b-Øns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\p-a-Xn-bn-√m-sXXs∂ sNøm-hp-∂-

XmWv. kmº-ØnI ]cn-[n- \n¿t±in®nń√. sNehpIƒ \nbam-\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn°Ww. ]©m-b-

Øns‚ Npa-X-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]©m-b-Øns‚ ]tabw aqew \ntcm-[n®

]h¿Øn-I-fm-h-cp-Xv. ]©m-b-Øns‚ ASpØ tbmK-Øn¬ AwKo-Imcw hmß-Ww.

(vi) I≠nP‚ v sNe-hp-Iƒ

• Hm-ôkv Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Cu sNe-hp-Iƒ `cW]camb sNehpIfpsS `mKw

Xs∂bmWv. DZm: ]X]ckyw, ]pkvXIßƒ hmß¬, hml\ hmSI, sshZypXn˛sh≈w

Nm¿÷pIƒ XpSßnbh. ]©mbØv Xocpam\]ImcamWv X\Xv ^≠n¬ \n∂v Cu sNehpIƒ

sNtø≠-Xv. F∂m¬, ]©mbØns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\paXnbn√msXXs∂, ]cn[n°phnt[bambn

]knU‚n\v Cu sNehpIƒ sNømhp∂XmWv (]cn[n 27.5.2008 se Pn.H.(Fw.Fkv)/10/08/Xkz`h

\º¿ k¿°m¿ DØchn¬ \n¿t±in®ncn°p∂p). ASpØ tbmKØn¬ AwKoImcw hmßnbm¬aXn.

99

(vii) Akm-[m-cW sNe-hp-Iƒ

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v amXw _m[IambXmWnXv. ]©m-b-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-bn¬ s]SmØXpw

F∂m¬ Hgn®p IqSm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ°v th≠n k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-in® Imcyßƒ°pw

]cn-[n-Iƒ°pw (Hcp e£w cq]tbm an® ^≠ns‚ Ccp-]Xv iX-am\w XpItbm GXmtWm Ipdhv

AXmWv ]cn-[n) hnt[-b-ambn X\Xv ^≠n¬ \n∂pw sNømhp∂ sNehpIƒ (16-˛02-˛2006 se Pn.-H.

Fw.-F-kv. 58/06/F¬.-F-kv.-Pn.-Un.)

(viii) s]mXpac-maØv sNe-hp-Iƒ

s]mXpacm-aØv N´w ]men®psIm≠v \n¿ΩmW ]hrØnIƒ°pw A‰Ip‰∏WnIƒ°pw kwc£W

]hrØnIƒ°pw th≠n sNtø≠ sNe-hp-Iƒ. `c-Wm-\p-a-Xn°pw kmº-ØnIm\p-a-Xn°pw ]pdsa

km-t¶XnIm\p-a-Xnbpw Chbv°v Bh-iy-amWv. ]≤Xnbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnb acm-a-Øp- ]WnsNe-hp-

Ifpw ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏SpØmØ AXym-h-iy-ambn sNtø≠ s]‰nh¿°p-Ifpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏Spw.

(ix) kmaq-ly-t£a sNe-hp-Iƒ

kmaq-ly-t£a ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°m-bp≈ sN-e-hp-Iƒ DZm:- sXmgn-en-√mbva thX-\w, s]≥j-\p-

Iƒ, kmaqlykpc£m ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, hnhn[ t£a ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ apX-em-b-h-bv°p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ.

(x) Zpcn-Xm-izmk \n[n-bn¬ \n∂p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ

Kma-]-©m-b-Øn\pamXw _m[IamWnXv. amc-I-amb Akp-J-ßƒ, t]am-cn, sh≈-s]m-°w, ]Ir-

Xn-t£m-`w, A·n-_m[ apX-emb kmlNcyßfn¬ ZpcnXw A\p-`-hn-°p∂ \n¿≤\-cmb hy‡n-

Iƒ°v ASn -b -¥nc [\-k-lmbw \¬Ip -∂-Xn -\ v ]tXyI ^≠v (Zp -cn -Xm -izm -k-\n -[n)

kq£nt°≠XmWv. kw-`m-h\ aqew ^≠v kzcq-]n-°p-∂p. ASn-b-¥nc L´-ß-fn¬ At]-£-bpsS

A`m-h-Øn¬ Xs∂ A¿l-\mb/A¿l-bmb hy‡n-°v, IpSpw-_-Øn\v 500 cq] hsc ]kn-U‚n\v

\¬Imw. Hcp amk-Øn-\p-≈n¬ _‘s∏´ k_vI-Ωn-‰n- (]-kn-U‚ v, skI-´-dn, ]©m-bØv AwK-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcw-Kw) AwKoImcw hmß-Ww. ]kn-U-‚ns‚ DØ-chv ]Imcw

skI´dn°v \n[n-bn¬ \n∂v XpI hnX-cWw sNømw. hchv ˛ sNehpIƒ Hmtcm amkhpw skI-´dn

]©m-bØv tbmK-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

19.10. sNehv ˛ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

Hmtcm sNehpw \nb-am\pkr-X-am-sW∂pw HuNn-Xy-]q¿∆-am-sW∂pw P\-]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-

ÿcpw sNehv sNøp-∂-Xn\v ap≥]v Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.- Xmsg ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ i≤n®m¬

CXv km≤yamhpw.

• _P-‰n¬, _‘s∏´ A°u≠v slUn¬ XpI hIbncpØnbncn°Ww (]≤Xn sNehpIƒ Dƒs∏sS

F√mXcw sNehpIƒ°pw _m[Iw)

• ]©m-bØv ^≠v hn\n-tbm-Kn®v sNtø≠ ]h¿Ø-\-amtWm F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw

• ]≤XntcJbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn Pn√m- Bkq-X-W-k-anXnbpsS AwKoImcw t\Snbncn°Ww (hnIk\,

sabn‚\≥kv sNehpIƒ°v)

• ]©mbØns‚ A-\p-aXn (F√mXcw sNehpIƒ°pw) D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww

• kmt¶XnIm\paXn (acmaØv sNehpIƒ°v) t\Sn-b-ti-jta ]hrØn XpS-ßmhq

• A[nIm-c-]-cn-[n-bnepw Npa-X-e-bnepw s]´Xmbn-cn-°Ww

• k¿°m¿ A\p-aXn Bh-iy-ap-≈-h-bv°v k¿°m-cns‚ ap≥Iq¿ A\p-aXn t\Sn-bn-cn-°Ww

[\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v1

100

19

• _‘-s∏´ \nb-a-ßfpw N´-ßfpw ]men®ncn-°Ww

• k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hp-Iƒ°pw \n¿t±-i-ßƒ°pw hnt[-b-ambncn°Ww

• kvIow \n_-‘\ ]men®mbn-cn-°Ww (]tXyI kvIoamsW¶n¬)

• s]mX-p]Ww s]mXp Bh-iy-Øn\v F∂ XXzw ]men-®n-cn-°-Ww

• G‰hpw Ipd™ sNe-hmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈-sX∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

19.11. sNehv sNøm≥ ]mSn-√m-Øh

• ]©m-b-Øn\v \¬In-bn-´p≈ Npa-X-e-Iƒ `wKn-bmbn \n¿∆-ln-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww

]©mbØns‚ e£yw. a‰v k¿°m-cp-Ifpw ÿm]\ßfpw sNtø≠ Imcy-ßƒ Ah-sc-s°m≠v

sNøn-°p-I. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kµ¿`ßfn¬ sNehp sNø-cpXv :

• ]©m-b-Øns‚ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bnepw Npa-X-e-bnepw s]´-X-s√-¶n¬.

• \nb-a-ßƒ°pw N´-ßƒ°pw DØ-c-hp-Iƒ°pw am¿§\n¿t±-i-ßƒ°pw hncp-≤-am-sW-¶n¬.

• k¿°m¿ hIp∏pItfm a‰p ÿm]\ßtfm sNtø≠XmsW¶n¬.

• s]mXp-P-\-Xm¬]-cy-Øn\v \nc-°m-Ø-Xm-sW-¶n¬.

• \oXn°pw hnI-k-\-Øn\pw A\pKpWas√-¶n¬

19.12. sNehv sNøp-tºmƒ

• sNehv sNøptºmƒ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

• _n√p-Iƒ/ hu®-dp-Iƒ \nb-a-]-Imcw Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-s≠∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw

• 1000 cq]bv°v tase-bp≈ sNe-hp-I-ƒ tImkv sNbvX sN°v/Um^v‰v hgn amXw \¬IWw

• ]Ww e`n® Bfn¬ \n∂p≈ ssI∏‰v ckoXv hmßWw

• ]kn-U‚ v A[n-Ir-X-am-°Ww

• BkvXn cPn-Ã-dnepw (_m-[-I-am-sW-¶n¬) _‘-s∏´ cPn-Ã-dp-I-fnepw bYm-k-abw tcJ-s∏-Sp-

ØWw

19.13. sNehv sNbvXXn\v tijw i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

sNehp sNbvXp Ign-™m¬ tcJ-Iƒ kq£n®ph-bv°-Ww. sNehp sNbvX DtZym-K-ÿ-s‚ Npa-X-

e-bm-W-Xv. Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n ]cn-tim-[\-°pw, HmUn‰v ]cn-tim-[-Iƒ°pw tÃ‰vsa‚ v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-

Xn\pw Kma-k-`-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw P\-ßƒ Bh-iy-s]-´m¬ tIm∏n \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw

Bh-iy-am-b-Xn-\m-¬ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ ]©m-bØv Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

• tcJ-I-fpsS/^b-ep-IfpsS, cPn-Ã-dp-I-fpsS IrXy-amb kq£n∏v

• Znh-kw-]Xn hc-hv˛sN-e-hp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-SpØn cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°¬

• \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ-cn¬ \n∂pap≈ sNehv tÃ‰vsa‚ v ASp-Ø-amkw 5 \p ap≥]mbn e`n-®p-

sh∂v Dd-∏m-°epw _‘-s∏´ cPn-Ã-dp-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øepw

• hnhn-[-Xcw ^≠p-I-fpsS tÃ‰vsa‚ v Xøm-dm-°¬

• ]Xnamk A°u≠pw hu®dpw [\-Im-cy- Ãm‚nwKv I-Ωn‰n°v/]©m-b-Øn\v ka¿∏n®v AwKo-

Imcw t\S¬

101

• hm¿jn-I-[-\-Im-cy-]-XnI bYm-k-abw Xøm-dm-°¬

• Kma-k-`-bn¬ hchv˛sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°¬

• Kma-k`-bpsS A`n-]mbw N¿®-sN-ø¬

• IW-°p-Iƒ HmUn-‰n\p ka¿∏n-°¬, A-]m-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°¬

19.14. a‰p hn -h-ß-fpsS hn\n-tbmKw

]Ww amX-amtWm hn`hw? A√. ]IyXn hn`h-ßfptSbpw a\pjy-hn-`-h-ßfptSbpw hn\ntbmKw

]W-Øns‚ hn\n-tbmKw t]mse Xs∂ ][m-\-amWv. DZm: aW¬, I√v,- [mXphn`hßƒ, Im-Sv, ssPh-

ssh-hn-[y-ßƒ, Pew, Pe-tkm-X- p-Iƒ apX-em-b-h.

19.15. a‰p hn -h-ß-fpsS Imcy-£-a-amb hn\n-tbmKw Fßs\ Dd-∏p-h-cpØmw?

• \Zn-I-fpsS kwc-£Ww Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn-s°m≠v

• ]c-º-cm-KX Pe-tkm-X- p-I-fmb Ipf-ßƒ, InW-dp-Iƒ, XÆo¿Ø-S-ßƒ XpSßnbh kwc-£n-

®p-sIm≠v

• ImSp-Iƒ kwc-£n-®p-sIm≠v

• hnhn[ Bhmk hyh-ÿ-Iƒ kwc-£n-®psIm≠v. DZm: I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ,- ]p-g-Iƒ, ImSpIƒ, Imhp-

Iƒ

• Ch-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hn`-h-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw \nb-¥n-®p-sIm≠v

• imkvXo-b-amb coXn-bn-¬ Chsb ]cn-c-£n-®p-sIm≠v

• t_m[-h¬°-cWw \S-Øn-s°m≠v

• I¿i-\-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v

• k∂-≤-cmb hy‡n-I-fptSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw klmbw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v

19.16. a‰v D]t`m-K-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hn\n-tbmKw

s]mXp-]Ww sNe-h-gn-®p- hm-ßp∂ km[-\-ß-fp-sSbpw D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw BkvXn-I-fp-sSbpw

D]-tbmKw \nb-¥n-t°-≠-Xp≠v .

• A\m-h-iyhpw B¿`m-S-]q¿∆hpw kzIm-cy-hp-amb D]-tbmKw Hgn-hm-°p-I.

• Hmôkv hml\w, sS-en-t^m¨, t^mt´m-Ãm‰v sajo≥, tÃj-\dn XpS-ßn-bh Bcpw Zpcp-]-tbmKw

sNøp-∂n-s√∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI

• sshZypXn, sh≈w XpSßnbh-bpsS ]mgm-°¬ Hgn-hm-°pI

[\-am-t\-Pvsa‚ v1

102

19

]©m-bØv ^≠v, _n¬ Xøm-dm-°¬

20

20.1. ]©m-bØv ^≠v

20.2. X\Xv hcp-am\w

20.3. k¿°m¿ Km‚p-Iƒ, ^≠p-Iƒ

20.4. ^≠v hn`m-K-ßƒ

20.5. _n¬ Xøm-dm-°epw XpI ]n≥h-en-°epw

20.1. ]©m-bØv ^≠v

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp-∏v 212 A\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm ]©m-bØpw B ]©m-bØv kzoI-

cn-°p∂ F√m ]Whpw tN¿Øv ]©m-bØv ^≠v F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ^≠v cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

X\Xv hcp-am-\hpw k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂ Km‚p-Ifpw ≠p-Ifpw s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcnXc

GP≥kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kw`m-h-\-bmtbm Awim-Zm-b-amtbm tiJ-cn-°p∂ ]Whpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-

cn°pw ]©m-bØv ^≠v F∂v ]kvXpX hIp∏v hyhÿ sNøp-∂p.

20.2. X\Xv hcp-am\w

Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ X\Xv hcp-am\tkmX- p-Isf \nIpXn hcp-am-\-ßƒ \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hcp-am-\-

ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ c≠mbn Xcw Xncn-°mw.

F) \nIpXn h-c-hp-Iƒ

]ńI 6 : \nIpXn h-c-hp-Iƒ

\nIpXn ]©m-bØv cmPv \nba hIp∏v

hkvXp \nIpXn 203

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn 204

]cky \nIpXn 209

tkh\ \nIpXn 198

]Z¿i\ \nIpXn 200(4)

`q]-cn-h¿Ø\ D] \nIpXn 200(3F)

]Z¿i\ \nIpXn 200(4)

hnt\mZ \nIpXn 1961 se hnt\mZ \nIpXn BIvSv

103

_n) \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hc-hp-Iƒ

]ńI 7 : \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hc-hp-Iƒ

(i) ôkv, hmSI XpS-ßn-bh

ssek≥kv ôkv tIcf ]©mbØv \nbaw ˛ hIp∏v

B]¬°chpw Aklyhpamb hym]mcßƒ 232

^mIvSdnIƒ \n¿Ωn°m\pw sajo\dnIƒ

ÿm]n°m\pw 233

kzImcyam¿°‰v 222

kzImcyh≠nØmhfw 228

kzImcyIim∏pime 230

]n.]n.B¿ ssek≥kv ]n.]n.-B¿ \nbaw

kn\nam ssek≥kv kn\nam dKptej≥ BIvSpw, N´ßƒ

(ii) s]¿an‰v okv

sIńS\n¿ΩmWw 235

iii) cPnkvtSj≥ okv

Syqt´mdnb¬ ÿm]\w 266

kzImcy Bip]Xn, ]mcmsaUn°¬ ÿm]\w 270

iv) D]tbmKôkv

_kvÃm‚ vv 277

s]mXpam¿°‰v 221

s]mXpIim∏pime 229

v) hkvXp-°-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\w

hmSI 178

a‰n\ßƒ (B-kvXn-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hc-hp-Iƒ Dƒs∏-sS)

(vi) a‰n\w hcp-am-\-ßƒ

X\Xv hcp-am\ -k-am-l-c-W-Øn¬ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ß-ƒ

• \nIp-Xn, ôkv XpS-ßn-bh icn-bmbn \n¿Æbn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw bYm-k-abw

]q¿Æambn ]ncn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Dd-∏p-h-cpØpI.

• F√m hcp-am-\-tkm-X- p-Ifpw ap≥Iqń IW-°m°n AS-hm-°p∂Xn\p≈

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I.

• _m[-I-amb F√m hy‡nI-tfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-tfbpw \nIp-Xn- - okv \n¿Æ-

b-Øn\v \oXn-]q¿h-I-ambn hnt[-b-am-°n-bn- p-s≠∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I.

]©m-bØv ≠v, _n¬ Xøm-dm-°¬1

104

20

X\Xv hcp-am\w sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥

• \nIpXn \n¿Æb L -Øn¬ (Assessment) Ipdhv kw -hn°mXn-cn-°m≥ i≤n-

°pI

• \nIp-Xn-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ htc-≠-h-sc√mw h∂n- ps≠∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI

• tkh-\-\n-IpXn ]ncn-°phm≥ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°pI

• hmSI Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]p\¿\n¿Æbw sNøpI

• sXmgn¬ \nIp-Xn- \¬tI-≠-h-sc-√m-hcpw \¬-Ip-∂psh∂v Dd-∏m-°pI

• e`n-°m-hp∂ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn kam-l-cn°pI

• k∂-≤-tk-h\w e`y-am-°m≥ Ign-bp∂nS-tØmfw e`y-am-°pI

• BkvXn-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\w \jvS-s∏-SmsX t\m°pI

20.3. k¿°m¿ Km‚p-Iƒ, ^≠p-Iƒ

k¿°m-cn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ Km‚p-I-sfbpw ^≠p-I-sfbpw Xmsg ]d-bpw-hn[w Xcw Xncn-°mw.

1. P\-d¬ ]¿∏kv ^≠v ˛ ]©m-b-Øns‚ ]mc-ºcy sNe-hp-Iƒ°mbn k¿°m¿

\¬Ip∂ Km‚ v.

2. sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠v ˛ ssIam-dn-°n- n-bn- p≈ ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw tdmUp-I-fp-tSbpw

(tdm-Uv, tdmUn-X-cw) sabn‚-\≥kn-\p-th≠n k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂ Km‚ v.

3. hnI-k\ ^≠v ˛ ]≤Xn Xøm-dm°n hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-

(s]m-Xp-hn-`m-Kw, Fkv.-kn., Xn\v k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂ Km‚ v.

Fkv.-Sn.)

4. 13-˛mw [\-Imcy IΩo-j≥ Km‚ v ˛ s]mXp-hn-`mKw hnI-k\ ^≠n¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn \¬Ip∂

Km‚ v.

5. temI-_m¶v klmbw ˛ s]¿t^m¿a≥kv sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v kwÿm\ k¿°m¿

\¬Ip∂ Km‚ v. s]mXp-hn-`mKw hnI-k\ ^≠n¬

hI-bn-cpØn \¬Ip-∂p.

6. kvIow ^≠p-Iƒ ˛ tIµ-˛-kw-ÿm\mhn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn

e`n-°p∂ Km‚p-Iƒ.

20.4. ^≠v hn`m-K-ßƒ

Pn.-H.(-]n) \º¿ 177/2006/^n≥ XobXn 12.4.2006 ]Imcw ]©m-b-Øn\v e`n-°p∂ ^≠p-Isf F

apX¬ Pn hsc Ggv hn`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

F hn`mKw ^≠v ˛ hnI-k\ ^≠v

hntI-µo-Ir-Xm-kq-X-W-Øn\v kwÿm\ k¿°m-cns‚ _P-‰n¬ A\p-_‘w 4˛¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. s]mXp hn`mKw ( km[m-cW hnln-Xw) ]tXy-I-L-S-I-]-≤Xn (F-kv.-kn.-]n.) ]ń-I-

h¿§ D]-˛-]-≤Xn (‰n.-F-kv.-]n.) F∂o aq∂v hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ e`n-°p-∂p. Pn√m Bkq-XW kanXn

105

AwKo-I-cn-®-Xpw, ]©m-b-Øn¬ \n£n-]vX-amb hnj-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S-∏n-em-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂

t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ°v XpI sNe-h-gn-°mw. 10 Xpey KUp-°-fmbn ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. tIµ

[\-Imcy IΩo-j≥ Km‚ v, temI _m¶v klmbw F∂n-hbpw Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn \¬Ip∂p.

_n hn`mKw ^≠v

kwÿm\ Bhn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v e`n-°p-∂p. _n¬ kº-Zmb ]Imcw Sj-dn-

bn¬ \n∂pw XpI ]n≥h-en®v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Atem-´vsa‚ v I¨tkm-fn-tU-‰Uv ^≠n¬ Xs∂

\ne-\n¬°p-∂p. kmaq-lnI kpc-£n-XXz s]≥j-\p-Iƒ, sXmgn¬clnX thX-\w XpS-ßn-bh CXn¬s∏-

Sp-∂p. h¿jm-h-km\w hn\n-tbm-Kn-°mØ XpI em]vkm-Ipw.

kn hn`mKw ^≠v (sa-bn‚-\≥kv ^≠v)

ssIam-dn-°n-ńb ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS BkvXn-I-

fptSbpw tdmUp-I-fp-tSbpw kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn e`n-

°p-∂p. tdmUp-I-fp-tSbpw tdmUn-Xc BkvXn-I-fp-

tSbpw kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°mw. (Pn.-

H.(-Fw.-F-kv)330/2004/X.-kz.- .-h. 09.12.2004)

Un hn`mKw ^≠v (P-\-d¬ ]¿∏kv ^≠v)

]©m-b-Øns‚ X\Xv ≠mbn IW-°m°n D]-

tbm-Kn-°mw. F hn`m-Kw, kn hn`mKw t]mse e`n-

°p-∂p. 12 KUp-°-fmbn ]©m-b-Øn\v A\p-h-Zn-

°p-∂p. h¿jm-h-km\w em]vkm-In-√. sh≈-s∏m-

°w, sshZypXn Nm¿÷v, hmS-I, Icw, \nIp-Xn, sSe-

t^m¨ Nm¿÷v, tÃj-\dn XpSßn ]©mb-Øn-s‚bpw ssIam-dn-In-ńb ÿm]-\-ß-fp-tSbpw sNe-hp-

Iƒ°v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°mw.

C hn`mKw ^≠v (tI-µm-hn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ)

tIµm-hn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn Pn√m If-IvS¿, ZmcnZy eLq-I-cW bqWn-‰v, IpSpw-

_io F∂nh aptJ\ e`n-°p-∂p. almflm Km‘n tZiob Km-aoW sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤Xn, kºq¿Æ

ipNn-Xzw, km£-c-X, sF.-F.-ssh. XpS-ßnb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ DZm-l-c-Ww. AXXv kvIoans‚ am¿§-

\n¿t±i]Imcw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

F^v hn`mKw ^≠v (X-\Xv hc-hp-Iƒ)

\nIp-Xn-˛-\n-Ip-Xn-tb-Xc hc-hp-Iƒ, \nc-X-Zhyw skIyq-cn‰n sUt∏m-kn-‰v, KpW-t`m‡r hnlnXw

XpS-ßn-bh Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Xt±i kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Xocp-am\ ]Imcw Sjdn/_m¶n¬

\nt£-]n-°p-Ibpw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Pn hn`mKw ^≠v

Xt±i ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v e`n-°p∂ temWp-Iƒ Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

20.5. _n¬ Xøm-dm-°epw XpI ]n≥h-en-°epw

]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS ^≠p-Iƒ, ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n® hni-Z-amb DØ-chv [\-Imcy

hIp∏v 12.4.2006 \v G.O.(P) No. 177/2006/Fin Bbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n- p-≠v. AXp-]-ImcamWv ]W-an-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ

Hmtcm sNe-hn\pw Hcp _n¬ Xøm-dm-°p-∂p. F√m-Xcw _n√p-Iƒ°pw Hcp h¿j-tØ°v XpS¿®-

bmbn \º¿ \¬In _n¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-∂p. iºf _n¬, I≠n≥P‚ v _n¬, A, B, C, hn`m-Kw

]©m-bØv ≠v, _n¬ Xøm-dm-°¬1

106

20

^≠p-Iƒ Sj-dn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]n≥h-en-°p-∂-Xn\v Xøm-dm-°p∂ TR 59A, TR59B _n√p-Iƒ XpSßn

F√m-hn[ _n√p-Ifpw cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-∂p.

hu®¿

sNehv sNbvXp-I-gn™ _n¬ hu®¿ Bbn Xocp-∂p. sNehv sNbvX hn[w Imjv_p-°n¬ tN¿°p-

tºmƒ hu®¿ e`n-°p-∂p. Hcp amk-tØ°v XpS¿®-bmbn hu®¿ \º¿ \¬In ^b-embn kq£n-°p-

∂p. (I-ºyq-´-ssdkvUv A°u-≠nwKv coXn \ne-hn¬ h∂-tXmsS 4 Xcw hu®-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-

≠v. Ah-sb-b√ ChnsS Dt±-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv).

Sjdn _n√p-Iƒ

TR 59A, TR59B _n√p-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n A, B, C hn`mKw ^≠p-Iƒ Sj-dn-bn¬ \n∂v ]n≥h-en°m≥

Ign-bpw. _n¬ cPn-Ã-dnse Ia-\-º¿ Sjdn _n¬ _p°nepw tN¿°Ww. skI-´dn Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈

\n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS dnIz-kn-j≥ ]kn-U-‚n\v \¬Ip-∂p. ]kn-U‚ v skI-´-dn°v HmX-ssd-

tk-j≥ \¬Ip∂ apdbv°v se‰¿ Hm^v Atem-´vsa‚ v \¬Ip-∂p. A, C hn`mKw ^≠p-Iƒ°v TR59Bepw Bhn`mKw ^≠n\v TR 59A epw _n¬ Xøm-dm°n s]mko-UnwKvkpw A\p-_‘ tcJ-Ifpw

Dƒs∏sS Sj-dn-bn¬ \¬In XpI ]n≥h-en®v sNehv sNøp-∂p.

107

BLANK

_P‰v A°u-≠nwKv

21

21.1. _P‰ns‚ ]k‡n

21.2. _P‰v XXz-ßƒ

21.3. kπn-sa‚dn _P‰v, ]pXp-°nb _P‰v

21.4. hm¿jnI ]≤-Xnbpw _P‰pw

21.5. _P‰v Xømdm°¬

21.6. _P‰v ka¿∏n-°¬

21.7. _P‰v \S-∏m-°¬

21.8. _P‰v ]ckys∏SpØ¬

21.9. _P‰v ˛ DØchmZnØßƒ

21.10. sP‚¿ _P-‰nwKv

2.10.1. sP‚¿ _P-‰nwKv Bh-iy-IX F¥v?

21.1. _P‰ns‚ ]k‡n

s]mXp-]-Ww ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h¿, ASpØ h¿jw Xß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\m-hiyamb hn`h-

ßƒ Fßs\, FX-amXw kam-l-cn-°p-sa∂pw, Ah Fßs\ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-sa∂pw h¿jm-cw`-

Øn\v aptº ]Jym-]n-°-Ww. CXmWv _P-‰v. CsXmcp kmº-ØnI πm\m-Wv; \b-]-Jym-]\ tcJ-bp-

am-Wv.

_P-‰n¬ ]Jym-]n® t]msebmbn-cp-

∂pthm hn`-h-k-am-l-c-Whpw [\-hn-\n-tbm-

K-hp-sa∂v h¿jm-h-km\w ka¿∏n-°p∂

A°u-≠n-eqsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. C]-Im-cw,

t\csØ πm≥ sNbvXv ]Jym-]n® coXn-

bn¬ Xs∂, B¿°pw t_m[y-am-I-Ø-°-

hn[w kpXm-cy-ambn DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ

\n¿∆-ln®m¬ A°u-≠-_n-en‰n \nd-th-‰n-

sb∂ A`n-am\w ssIh-cp-∂p.

Gs‰SpØ NpaXeIƒ \nd-th-‰n-sb∂pw

kz¥w ]hr-Øn-Iƒ \ymbo-I-cn-°-Ø-°-Xm-

sW∂pw P\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

109

DØ-c-hm-ZnØ-s∏´ ÿm\-ßƒ hln-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ Cu _m[y-XbmWv A°u-≠-_n-en‰n F∂

]Zw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

GsXmcp s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-Øn\pw, _m[-I-amb ta¬ ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ AtX coXn-bnepw Af-

hnepw ]©m-b-Øn\pw _m[-I-am-Wv.

]©m-bØv ]tZ-isØ P\-ß-fpsS tkh-\m-h-iy-ßfpw hnI-k-\m-h-iy-ßfpw Zqc-°m-gvN-tbmsS

ap≥Iqń ImWm-\p≈ ]©m-b-Øns‚ Ign-hmWv _P-‰n-eqsS shfn-hm-Ip-∂-Xv. C]-Imcw \S-Ønb

_P‰v ]Jym-]-\-ßƒ \nd-th‰nsb∂v A°u-≠n-eqsS sXfn-bn-°p-tºmƒ P\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ]Xn-_-

≤X hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

kvXoIƒ, kmaq-ln-I-ambn ]n≥X-≈-s∏-´-h¿, inip-°ƒ, hr≤¿, imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb

sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, Ai-c-W¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°p≈ ]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ _P-‰n¬ Dd∏p hcp-

tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

_P‰v kw_-‘n® ][m\ sX‰n-≤m-cW

_P-‰v Hcp h≥Ip-cp-°m-sW∂pw, \nb-a-_m-≤yX \nd-th-‰m≥ th≠n amXw

]m m-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw, AXv-]-Imcw hn`h-ßƒ kam-l-cn-°p-∂Xpw ]Ww

sNe-hm-°p-∂Xpw Akm-≤y-am-sW∂pw Nne-sc-¶nepw Icp-Xp-∂p-≠v. AXn-

\m¬ Ah-sc√mw _P-‰ns\ Hgn-hm-t°≠ iey-ambn Icp-Xp-Ibpw, ]mtS ad∂v

A-t∏m-gsØ Bh-iy-ß-fp-sSbpw Xocp-am-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ASn-apSn sX‰mb [mc-W-bm-W-Xv.

Kma-k-`bn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p hcp∂ Bh-iy-ß-fp-sS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, ]©m-bØv AwKo-I-cn®p

\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xm-Wv _P‰vv. c-W-]-chpw tkh-\-kw-_-‘-hp-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pw, kmaq-

lnI \oXnbpw kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\hpw ssIh-cn-°p∂Xn\p-ambn hn`-h-ßƒ Fßs\ kam-l-cn-°m-

sa∂pw Fßs\ sNe-hp-Iƒ \S-Øm-sa∂pw hni-Z-ambn i≤-tbmsS, Btem-Nn®v, Xøm-dm-°p∂

tcJ-bmWv _P-‰v. _P-‰n¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-°ptºmƒ t\csØ Xocp-am-\n-®p-d® e£y-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv

hyXn-N-en-°p-∂-Xv. C]-Im-c-ap≈ hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ GXv Af-hn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂p-thm, AtX Af-hn¬,

]Jym-]nX e£yßƒ t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Spw.

hcp-am-\-ßfpw sNe-hp-Ifpw Zqc-°m-gvN-tbmsS ap≥Iqń I≠v ]Jym-]n-°m\pw, Cu ]Jym-]-\-

ßƒ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm-\p-ap≈ Ignhv s]mXp-]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ hnP-b-Øn\v Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-Ø-XmWv.-

an® _P‰v

_P-‰n¬ \n∂pw k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂ ≠p-I-fpw Km‚p-I-fpw, F≥tUm-hvsa‚p-

Iƒ, Awim-Zm-b-ßƒ, EW-io¿j IW°v F∂nh ]Im-c-ap≈ hc-hp-Ifpw

sNe-hp-Ifpw Hgn-hm-°n-b-ti-j-ap≈ hc-hv- -sN-e-hp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ Ipd-

™Xv 5 iX-am\w an®w D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

21.2. _P‰v XXz-ßƒ

• hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-bpsS sNe-hp-Iƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww _P-‰v.

• _P-‰n¬ ]Jym-]n® Imcy-ßƒ°pth≠n amXta sNe-hm-°m-hq.

_P‰v A°u-≠nwKv1

110

21

• Hcn-\-Ønepw _P-‰n¬ ]Jym-]n-®-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]Ww sNe-h-gn-°-cp-Xv.

• _P-‰n¬ \n∂p hyXn-N-en-t°≠nhcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B ka-b-Øp-Xs∂ kπn-sa‚dn _P-t‰m,

]pXp-°nb _Pt‰m Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-Imcw t\S-Ww. AXn\ptijta ]Ww sNe-h-gn-°m-hq.

• Hgn®p IqSm-\m-hmØ ASn-b-¥c kml-N-cy-Øn¬, _P-‰n¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-°mØ sNehv \S-

Ømw. F∂m¬ ASpØ ]©m-bØv tbmKØn¬ kπn-sa‚dn _Pt‰m, ]pXp-°nb _Pt‰m Ah-

X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-Imcw t\S-Ww.

as‰mcp sX‰n-≤m-cW

h¿jm-h-km\w ASpØ h¿jsØ _P-‰n-t\m-sSm∏w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]pXp-

°nb _P‰v, sNehv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv Ah-X-cn-∏n®p ]m m-t°≠

kπn-sa‚dn/]pXp-°n-b _P-‰n\p ]I-c-a-√. t\ctØ _P‰v ewL\-ßƒ \S-

Øn-bn- p-s≠-¶n¬, Ah CXp hgn ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√, h¿jm-h-km\w Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ -]p-Xp-°nb _P‰v ASpØ h¿jsØ _P‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ hgn-Imń amX-am-Wv.

21.3. kπn-sa‚dn _P‰v, ]pXp-°nb _P‰v

Npcp°w Nne C\-ß-fn¬ amX-amWv am‰-sa-¶n¬ kπn-sa‚dn _P‰v aXn. hn]p-e-amb am‰ßfm-sW-

¶n¬ ]pXp-°nb _P‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

kπn-sa‚dn _P-‰m-sW-¶n¬ GXn\w hcp-am-\-sØ-bmWv IqSpX¬ ]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv, As√¶n¬

GXp sNe-hmWv shń-Ip-d-bv°p-∂-sX-∂v hy-‡-am-°-Ww. Ch c≠pw Xpey-am°n Xøm-dm-°nb ]ń-

I-bmWv kπn-sa‚dn _-P-‰mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv.

]pXp-°nb _P-‰m-sW-¶n¬ Bh-iy-amb am‰-ßƒ th≠ CS-ß-fn¬ hcp-Øn, t\ctØ Ah-X-

cn∏n® coXn-bn¬ Xs∂ ]q¿Æ _P‰mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

kπn-sa‚dn/]p-Xp-°nb _P‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-Imcw t\tS-≠Xv sNehp

sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºm-sW∂ Imcyw i≤n-°-Ww

21.4. hm¿jnI ]≤-Xnbpw _P‰pw

hm¿jnI ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p apºm-bn- Nne-t∏mƒ _P‰v AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cmw. Aßs\

hcp-tºmƒ hnI-k\ ]≤Xns®e-hp-Iƒ AXmXv A°u≠v slUp-I-fn¬ IrXy-ambn Dƒs°m-≈n-

°m≥ Ign-s™-∂p-h-cn-√. Aßs\h∂m¬ hm¿jnI ]≤-Xn°v Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn-bpsS AwKo-

Imcw e`n®p Ign™ DS-s\, ]≤-Xn-s®-e-hp-Iƒ _‘-s∏´ A°u≠v slUp-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-

s°m-≠p≈ ]pXp-°nb _P‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n®v ]©m-b-Øns‚ AwKo-Imcw t\S-Ww. C]-Imcw sNbvXm¬

amXta ]≤-Xn-s®-e-hp-Iƒ \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-hp-I-bp-≈p.

21.5. _P‰v Xømdm°¬

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 214 ¬ ]d™ hyh-ÿ-Ifpw \S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fp-amWv _P‰v

Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v B[m-c-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. _P‰v Xøm-dm-t°≠ Npa-Xe [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-°m-

Wv. F∂m¬ [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰ntbm AXns‚ sNb¿amt\m X\n®v sNtø≠ tPmen-bmtWm?

A√. ]©m-bØv `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-Øns‚ Iq´mb ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv _P‰v Xøm-dm-hp-∂-Xv.

111

(i) Kmak`bn¬ \n∂v Bcw`w

Kmak`bn¬ \n∂v \n¿t±ißƒ Db¿∂p hcWw, CXmWv _P‰ns‚

Bcw`w. CXn-\mbn Unkw_¿ amkØnse¶nepw Kmak` hnfn®p

tN¿Øv _P‰v \n¿t±ißƒ kamlcn°Ww. Kmak`bpsS \n¿t±ißƒ

]cnKWn®p Xømdm°p∂ _P‰v hnhn[ L´ßfneqsS IS∂v, ]©mbØv

AwKoImctØmsS \S∏m°p∂p.

(ii) _P‰v ˛ Iq´m-bva-bpsS ]cn-k-am]vXn

t_mIvkv 5 : _P‰v

Npa-X-e-Iƒ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kabw

Kma-k` `c-W-˛-hn-I-k-\-˛-t£-a ]-h¿Ø-\

-ßƒ°p≈ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬I¬ Unkw-_¿ 15 \p apºv

Xmev]-cy-ap≈ hn`m Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip∂p Unkw-_¿ 15 \p apºv

-K-ßƒ (Stakeholders)

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p, Bh-iy-ßƒ Unkw-_¿ 15 \p apºv

]d-bp-∂p, \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p,

kml-Ncyw Hcp-°p∂p

LSI ÿm]\ _P‰v \n¿t±-i-ßƒ Xøm-dm°n Unkw-_¿ 15 \p apºv

ta[m-hn-Iƒ, \¬Ip-∂p. tImUo-I-cn-°m≥

\n¿∆-lW DtZym-K Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Isf klm-bn-°p∂p.

ÿ¿, skI-´dn

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv P\p-hcn 15 \p apºv

IΩn-‰n°v \¬Ip∂p

[\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv _P‰v Xøm-dm-°p∂p P\p-hcn 15 ˛ am¿®v BZy-hmcw

IΩn‰n

]kn-U‚ v _P-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønb hnI-k-\-˛-t£a am¿®v BZy-hmcw

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]Jym-]-\-tcJ

Xøm-dm-°p-∂p. _P‰v tbmK-Øn¬

]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.

sshkv ]kn-U‚ v _P‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p am¿®v BZy-hmcw

P\-ßƒ, _P-‰ns‚ s]mXp N¿®°v klmbw am¿®v BZy-hmcw˛

am[y-a-]-h¿Ø-I¿ \¬Ip∂p Ah-km\hmcw

]©m-bØv IΩn‰n _P‰v N¿® sNøp-∂p. t`Z-K-Xn-I- am¿®v Ah-km\ hmcw

tfm-tStbm A√m-sXtbm _P‰v

AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p

Kma-k` ]m m-°nb _P‰v N¿® sNøp-∂p, _P‰v ]m m-°nb

]cn-K-Wn-°p∂p tijw tNcp∂ BZy-

Kma-k`-bn¬


112

21

(iii) _P‰v ˛ bmYm¿∞yw ]Xnên°Ww

• _P‰v Xømdm°ptºmƒ Ign™ h¿jsØ IW°pw _P‰pw ]cn-tim[n°Ww.

• ]≤Xn tcJbmWv _P‰nse πm≥ sNehpIfpsS ASnÿm\w. CXn\mbn ]≤XntcJ

h¿jmcw`Øn\p apºp Xs∂ Xømdmt°≠XmWv. (CXnte°v \mw apt∂dns°m≠ncn°p∂tX

bp≈q) ]≤XntcJ t\csØ XømdmImØ kmlNcyØn¬ ]≤Xn°v ]Xo£n°p∂

hchv˛sNehpIƒ _P-‰n¬ Dƒs∏SpØpI. ]≤-Xn-°v Pn√m Bkq-XW IΩn-‰n-bpsS AwKo-Imcw

e`n-°p∂ apdbv°v ]pXp-°nb _P‰v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®v ]m m-°p-I.

• Ign™ h¿jsØ IW°ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬, Bhiyamb am‰ßtfmsS iºfw, Hmôkv

sNehpIƒ XpSßnb ]Xo-£nX t\m¨ πm≥ sNehpIƒ Dƒs∏-SpØpI.

• Hmtcm hchv sNehv \n¿t±-i-Øn\pw ASn-ÿm-\-ap-≠mbn-cn-°-Ww. Hmtcm hchpw sNehpw Dƒs∏-

SpØp-∂Xv bmYm¿∞y t_m[-tØm-sS-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

• hchpw sNehpw s]cp-∏n-®p-Im-Wn-°-cp-Xv.

(iv) _P‰v Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ \n¿_-‘-ambpw i≤n-t°-≠h

• hc-hp-I-fn¬ HXp-ßp∂ sNe-hp-Iƒ amXta Gs‰-Sp-°m-hq.

• NpcpßnbXv A©p iXam\w an®ap≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. (k¿°m¿ ≠p-Iƒ, Km‚pIƒ, F≥tUm-hp-

sa‚p-Iƒ, Awim-Zm-b-ßƒ, EWio¿j IW°v F∂nh Hgn-sI)

• Xncn®psImSp-t°≠ IS-ßƒ, sXc-™-Sp∏p sNe-hp-Iƒ, FÃm-ªn-jvsa‚ v sNe-hp-Iƒ, tImSXn

hn[n-]-Imcw sImSp-t°≠ XpI-Iƒ, \nb-a-ß-fm¬ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-´p≈ sNe-hp-Iƒ, HmUn‰v

ôkn-\p≈ XpI, a‰p ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ HSp-t°≠ XpI-Iƒ XpS-ßnb F√m _m[y-X-Ifpw \nd-th-

‰m-\p≈ XpI _P‰n¬ hI-bn-cpØ-Ww.

(v) ]tXyIw hn`m-K-ßƒ°v ]cn-K-W\

kvXoIfmWv kaqlØnse ]IpXnbntesd. \q‰m≠pIfmbn kmaq-ly-ambpw kmº-Øn-I-ambpw

]nt∂m-°w \n¬°p-∂-h-cmWv ]ńIPmXn˛]ńIh¿§°m¿. imco-cn-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-ambpw sh√p-hn-

fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂h¿, hr≤¿, inip°ƒ, AicW¿ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂p. _P‰v

Xømdm°ptºmƒ Hmtcm hn`mKØns‚bpw BhiyßtfmSv \oXn ]pe¿ØWw. DZmlcWØn\v,

hnZymebßfn¬ s]ÏpńIƒ°v ]mYanImhiyßƒ°v A\ptbmPyamb kuIcyaps≠∂v

Dd∏phcpØWw, Cs√¶n¬ AXn\p≈ XpI hIbncpØWw.

21.6. _P‰v ka¿∏n-°¬

]©m-bØv AwKo-I-cn® _P‰v bYm-k-abw Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h¿°v ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

• Kma-k- bv°v

• k¿°m¿ A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-b DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v.

• Kma-]-©m-bØpw tªm°v ]©m-bØpw Pn√m ]©m-b-Øn\v

• F√m ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw Pn√m Bkq-XW kanXn°v

113

• HmUn-‰¿am¿°v

• Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ s]mXp P\-ßƒ°v.

21.7. _P‰v \S-∏m-°¬

(i) _P‰pw hc-hp-Ifpw

• \nIpXnIƒ, okv, hmSI XpSßnb hcpam\w: F√m ]Xo-£nX hchpIfpw kamlcn°p∂pt≠m?

IpSn»nI ]ncns®Sp-°p-∂pt≠m? \nc-¥-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°pI

• ^≠pIƒ, Km‚pIƒ, hmbv]Iƒ: k¿°mcn¬ \n∂pw a‰pw e`nt°≠ ^≠pIƒ, Km‚pIƒ,

hmbv]Iƒ F∂nh bYm¿∞Øn¬ e`n°p∂pt≠m? \nc-¥-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°pI

(ii) _P‰pw sNe-hp-Ifpw

• _P‰v \nb¥Ww: t\csØ Xocpam\n®v _P‰n¬ Dƒs∏SpØnb sNehpIƒ amXsa sNøq

F∂v Xocpam\n°Ww. Cs√¶n¬ t\csØ Xocpam\n® sNehpIƒ°p ]Ww XnIbmsX hcpw.

sNehv sNøp∂ HmtcmcpØcpw C°mcyw i≤n-°-Ww. [\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n C°mcyw Dd-

∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

• ]Xo£n°mØ sNehv sNøWsa¶n¬: ]pXnb sNe-hn-\mbn ]pXnb hcpam\w e`n°ptam F∂

Imcyw ]cnKWn°Ww. Cs√¶n¬ GXp sNehmWv Dt]£nt°≠sX∂v t\m°Ww. CXv Hcp

]ńIbm°Ww. F∂n´v ]pXnb hcpam\w As√¶n¬ shń°pd® sNehv Hcp `mKØv FgpXWw.

adphiØv ]pXnb sNehpw. c≠p`mK-Øn-t‚bpw samØw XpI Xpeyambncn°Ww. CXmWv

kπnsa‚dn _P‰v. Ht´sd C\ßsf _m[n°p∂ps≠¶n¬ ]pXp°nb _P‰mbncn°Ww Xøm-dm-

t°-≠-Xv.

• ASnb¥c kmlNcyw: _P‰n¬ XpI hIbncpØnbnńs√¶nepw sNømw. \nbam\p

krXambncn°Ww. ASpØ ]©mbØv tbmKØn¬ kπnsa‚dn _P‰v AhXcn∏n°Ww.

do At]m]ntbj≥ C√

k¿°mcn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂ ]ZamWv do At]m]ntbj≥. \nbak`bn¬

sh°msX, Kh¨sa‚ v skI´dnbpsS A[nImcap]tbmKn®v sNøp∂XmWv

do At]m]ntbj≥. C]Imcap≈ A[nImcw ]©mbØv skI´dn°n√.

AXn\m¬ GXp am‰hpw ]©mbØns‚ AwKoImcap≈ kπnsas‚dn

_P‰neqsS Bbncn°pw.

21.8. _P‰v ]ckys∏SpØ¬

• AhXcWw: AhXcn∏n®p Ign™ _P‰v ]cky tcJbmWv. Cu L´Øn¬ Xs∂

]ckys∏SpØWw. XpS¿∂v ]©mbØv _P‰v AwKoIcn®p Ign™m¬ ]ckys∏SpØWw.

sh_vssk‰n¬ CSWw Kmak`bn¬ dnt∏m¿´v sh°Ww.


114

21

• Kmak`: _P‰v \S∏m°nbXns‚

tcJbmWv hm¿jnI A°u≠v. Ign™

h¿jsØ IW°v, HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v

klnXw Kmak`bn¬ sh°Ww. _P‰v

A\pkcn®mtWm sNehv \S∂sX∂v

Kmak` ]cntim[n°Ww.

21.9. _P‰v ˛ DØchmZnØßƒ

• ]knU‚ v : _P‰v \n¿t±ißƒ

t\csØXs∂ e`n°p∂Xn\p≈ ]mcw`

]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v \n¿t±iw \¬Ip∂p.

_P‰v AhXcW tbmKØn¬ hnIk\ ˛

t£a]h¿Ø\ßƒ kw_‘n® _P‰v ]Jym]\w \SØp∂p.

hchpIfpw sNehpIfpw _P‰n\v A\pkrXamsW∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂p.

• sshkv ]knU‚ v: _P‰v Xømdm°p∂Xn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂p. _P‰v AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

]Xnamk A°u≠ns‚ AhtemI\ØneqsS hchp/sNehpIƒ _P‰n\v A\pkrXamsW∂v

Dd∏phcpØp∂p.

• [\Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n: _P‰v Xømdm°p∂p. IW-°p-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[-\-bn-eq-sSbpw Hmtcm

hchpw Hmtcm sNehpw BUn‰v sNøp-∂-Xn-eq-sSbpw _P-‰dn I¨tSmƒ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.

• a‰p Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIƒ: _P‰v \n¿t±ißƒ [\Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n°v ka¿∏n°p∂p.

Xßƒ°v Npa-X-e-bp≈ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ _P‰v A\p-k-cn-®mWv sNehpIƒ \S-°p-∂-sX∂v Dd-∏p-h-

cp-Øp-∂p.

• ]©mbØv: _P‰v hnebncpØn, N¿® sNbXv t`ZKXnItfmSpIqSntbm A√m-sXtbm AwKo-I-cn-

°p-∂p. _P‰v A\pk-cn-®mWv hc-hv-˛-sN-e-hp-Iƒ F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.

• skI´dn: _P‰v Xømdm°p∂Xnepw \SØn∏nepw Bhiyamb klmbw \¬Ip∂p. AwKo-I-

cn® _P‰v _‘-s∏-´-h¿°v ka¿∏n°p-∂p, ]ckys∏SpØp∂p. hchp˛sNehpIƒ _P‰n\v

A\pkrXamsW∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂p. t`Z-KXn Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ _‘-s∏-´-h-cpsS i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-

Øp-∂p.

• LSI ÿm]\ßfpsS ta[mhnIƒ: _P‰v cq]oIcWØnepw \SØn∏nepw ]¶phln°p∂p.

_P‰v FÃnta‰pIƒ _‘s∏´ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n°v \¬Ip∂p, N¿® \SØp∂p. _P‰v A\p-k-

cn®v amXw sNehv sNøp-∂p.

• ]©mbØnsebpw LSIÿm]\ßfntebpw DtZymKÿ¿ : Hmôkv ta[mhn°pw,

sXcs™Sp°s∏´ P\]Xn\n[nIƒ°pw Bhiyamb klmbw \¬Ip∂p. hchp sNehpIƒ

_P‰n\v A\pkrXamsW∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂p.

• Kmak`: _P‰v \n¿t±ißƒ \¬Ip∂p. _P‰v ]cntim[n°p∂p. _P‰v A\p-k-cn-®mtWm ]©m-

b-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hc-hv-˛-sN-ehpIfpw F∂v hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

115

_P‰v ]m m°nbns√¶n¬

Hcp XpIbpw sNehv sNøm≥ km[ya√/km[n-°mØ ]©mbØns\

k¿°mcn\v ]ncn®phnSmhp∂XmWv.

21.10. sP‚¿ _P-‰nwKv

hfsc ImesØ ia-^-e-am-bmWv A¥¿tZ-io-b-˛tZ-iob Xe-ß-fn¬ sP‚¿ πm\nw-Kv, sP‚¿ _P-

‰v, sP‚¿ HmUn‰v F∂o Bi-b-ßƒ cq]-s∏-´-Xv. kmº-Øn-I-\bw Xøm-dm-°p-tºmgpw _P‰v cq]o-I-

cW˛hni-Ie\thf-bnepw kvXo]-cn-K-W\ D≠m-I-W-sa∂ \n¿t±iw 1995 se _oPnwKv tIm¨^-

d≥knse I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Xs∂ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. kmaq-lnI, kmº-Øn-I, hnI-k\ \b-

ßƒ Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ enwK-]-Zhn ImgvN-∏m-Sn-\p-ff \n¿t±-i-ßƒ 2000˛¬ \S∂ bp.-F≥.-P-\-d¬

Akw-ªn-bnepw D≠m-bn. C¥y-bn¬ A©v kwÿm\ßfn¬ sP‚¿ _P‰v Xøm-dm°n hcp∂p.

tIcfw sP‚-dns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ _P‰v hni-I-e\w \S-Øm≥ Bcw-`n®n´p≠v. Cu kml-N-cy-

Øn¬ hfsc ê-]-Z-ambn sP‚¿ _P-‰nwKv \S-Øm≥ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv.

tIc-f-Ønse Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ sP‚¿ _P‰v/sP‚¿ πm\nwKv F∂o t]cpIfns√-¶n-epw,

h\nXm LS-I-]-≤Xn F∂ t]cn-epw, s]mXp t]mP-IvSn¬ kvXo ]cn-K-W\ D≠m-hWw F∂ \n¿t±-

i-Øn-eq-sSbpw P\-Io-bm-kq-X-W-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ Cu ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ XpSßn. F∂m¬

Dt±-in® e£yw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssIhcn°m≥ \ap°v Ign-™n- n-√. Cu e£yw ssIhcn°m≥ ]tXyIw

i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

21.10.1 sP‚¿ _P-‰nwKv Bh-iy-IX F¥v?

• `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\w sNbvX kaXzw/XpeyX \S-∏n-em-°m≥.

• A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ine-bmb kmaq-ly-\oXn ]mh¿ØnI-am°m≥.

• tIcf kaq-l-Øn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ hcp∂ kvXoI-fpsS ]iv\-ßƒ°v ]m[m\yw \¬Im-

sX-bp-ff hnI-k-\-Øns‚ A]q¿ÆX Hgn-hm-°m≥

• enwK-]-Zhn XpeyX Dd∏p hcp-Øp∂ hn[-Øn¬ _P-‰n¬ XpI am‰nsh°m≥

• sP‚¿ _P-‰nw-Kn¬ am‰n-sh-°p∂ XpI sNe-hm-t°≠sX¥n-s\-∂pw Fßn-s\-sb∂pw _P‰v

]kwKØn¬ hy‡-am-°m≥

• enwK-]-Zhn \bw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥

• kvXoIsf apJy-[m-c-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥

• 10% h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-≤Xn (WCP) bnepw s]mXp

]≤-Xn-bnepw Dƒs∏-SpØn \S-Øp∂ hnI-k\

]h¿Ø\-ß-fn¬ _lp-`q -cn -]£w hcp∂

kvXoIƒ°v ]¶m-fn-Ø-an-√mØ Ahÿ am‰m≥

• \ne-\n¬°p∂ enwK-hn-th-N\w C√m-Xm-°m≥

• h\nXm LS-I-]-≤XnbneqsS kvXoI-fpsS X¥-

]-c-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ (Strategic needs) ]cn-l-cn-

°m≥

• icn-bmb tamWn-‰-dnwKv \S-Øm≥

• P\m-[n -]-Xy-Øn¬ hnI-k-\-Øns‚ tXmXv

Db¿Øm≥


116

21

A°u-≠nwKv

22

22.1. IW-s°gp-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

22.2. A°u-≠nwKv kº-Zmbw

22.3. hchpIfpsS IWs°gpØv

22.4. sNehpIfpsS IWs°gpØv

22.5. ]Ww ]n≥h-en-°¬

22.6. hu®dpIfpsS kq£n∏v

22.7. ]©m-bØpw \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿcpw

22.8. ]Xnamk A°u≠v

22.9. hm¿jnI A°u≠v

22.1. IW-s°gp-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

hy‡n-bpsS, IpSpw-_-Øns‚, ÿm]-\-Øns‚ cm„-Øns‚ ˛ BcpsS Imcy-Øn-em-bmepw hc-hn-

s‚bpw sNe-hn-s‚bpw IW-°p-Iƒ ][m-\-am-Wv. ]©m-b-Øns‚ hchv˛sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ IrXy-

ambn kq£n-°p-Ibpw bYmkabw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw, P\-ßƒ°mbn ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂Xv Fß-s\bmsW∂mWv ChnsS N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv.

IW-s°-gpØv F¥n\v?

• ]©m-b-Øns‚ hchpw sNehpw IrXy-ambn Adn-bp-∂-Xn\v.

• icn-bmb Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn\v

• ]©m-b-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\hpw kmº-ØnI ÿnXnbpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm≥

]©m-b-Øn-t\bpw P\-ß-tfbpw, k¿°m-cn-t\bpw klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v.

• kmº-ØnI \nb-¥Ww Dd∏v hcp-Øp-∂Xn\v

• ]©m-b-Ønse hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v Bh-iy-amb hmbv] e`n-°p-

∂-Xn-\v.

• k¿°m-cn¬ \n∂p≈ [\-k-lmbw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

• [\-Imcy HmUn-‰n-\pw, tkmjy¬ HmUn-‰n\pw Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-

∂-Xn\v

• Bkq-X-W-Øn\v

117

22.2. A°u-≠nwKv kº-Zmbw

e`n-°p∂ ]W-Øns‚bpw, sImSpØ ]W-Øn-s‚bpw IW-°n\v ]pdsa In´m-\p-≈Xpw sImSp-°m-

\p-≈-Xp-amb ]W-Øn-s‚-bpw, samØw BkvXn- _m-[y-X-I-fp-sSbpw IW°v FgpXn kq£n-°p-∂-

coXnsb AIq-h¬ A°u≠nwKv F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ Cu coXn-bn-emWv

IW-°p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv. 2011 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (A-°u-≠v) N´-ß-fnse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ

]men-®p-sIm-≠mWv A°u-≠p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

kmwJy Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm^v‰v shb¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ A°u-≠p-

Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv.

22.3. hchpIfpsS IWs°gpØv

• Imjv Btbm, sN°mtbm, Um^v‰mtbm D≈ Hmtcm hchn\pw AXv e`n-°p-tºmƒXs∂ ckoXv

\¬I-Ww.

• ckoXv hnhcw Imjv _p°nepw hchv cPn-Ã-dnepw tcJ-s∏-SpØp∂p.

• ]ncnhv XpI sXm´SpØ ]hrØn Znhkw ]©mbØns‚ _‘s∏´ Sjdn/_m¶v A°u≠n¬

\nt£]n°Ww.

22.4. sNehpIfpsS IWs°gpØv

• Hmtcm sNehn\pw Hcp _n¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. sNehp sNbvX _n¬ BWv hu®¿.

_m¶nwKv Sjdn

_m¶pambn CS]mSp≈ SjdnIfmWv _m¶nwKv SjdnIƒ. ChnsS \n∂pw

t] Hm¿U¿ sN°v (]n.H.kn) \¬Ipw. ]n.H.kn _m¶n¬ lmPcm°ptºmƒ

XpI Imjv/ Unam‚ v Um v‰mbn e`n°pw.

t\m¨_m¶nwKv Sjdn

Cu SjdnIfn¬ _n¬ ka¿∏n°ptºmƒ _n¬XpI Imjv Bbn amXta

e`n°pIbp≈q. ImcWw t\m¨ _m¶nwKv SjdnIƒ°v _m¶pambn CS]m

Sn√. hnI-k\/sabn-‚-\≥kv ^≠v XpI-Iƒ Imjv Bbn e`n-®m¬ _m¶n¬

\nt£-]n®tijw Unam≥Uv Um v‰v Bbn hy‡n°v/ÿm]-\-Øn\v \¬I-

Ww. 1000 cq]-bn¬ Xmsgbm-sW-¶n¬ sN°v/Imjv Bbn \¬Imw.

22.5. ]Ww ]n≥h-en-°¬

• X\Xv ^≠v, P\-d¬ ]¿∏kv ^≠v, tIµm-hn-jvIrX ]≤Xn ^≠v XpS-ßn-b-h- S-jdn/_m¶v

A°u-≠n¬ \n∂pw sN°v apJm-¥ncw ]n≥h-en-°p-∂p.

• hnI-k\ ^≠v, sabn‚\≥kv ^≠v F∂nh Sj-dn-bn¬ ]©m-b-Øn-\p≈ A°u-≠n¬ \n∂v

_n¬ aptJ\ ]n≥h-en-°p-∂p.

• kwÿm\mhn-jvIrX ^≠v k¿°m¿ A°u-≠n¬ \n∂v _n¬ aptJ\ ]n≥h-en-°p∂p.

A°u-≠nwKv1

118

22

22.6. hu®dpIfpsS kq£n∏v

Imjv_p°n¬ tcJs∏SpØnb ]Imcap≈ hu®¿ \º¿ Hmtcm hu®dnt∑epw Nph∂ ajnbn¬

tcJs∏SpØn Hcp amksØ hu®-dp-Iƒ Xbv®v Hcp hmeyambn ss_‚ v sNbvXv kq£n°p∂p. Hcp

amksØ hu®¿ ^b¬ Hscm‰ dn°m¿UmWv. CXv th¿s∏-SpØn hu®-dp-Iƒ a‰p ^b-ep-I-fn¬

kq£n-°-cp-Xv. F√m Xcw hu®-dp-Ifpw AXmXp amksØ hu®¿ ^b-en¬ Xs∂ kq£n-°-Ww.

22.7. ]©m-bØpw \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿcpw

• skI-´dn Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ \n¿∆-lW DtZym-Kÿ¿°v Ah-¿ \¬Ip-∂ dnIznkn-js‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ ]©mbØv ]kn-U‚ v A[n-Ir-X-am-°n-b-Xn\ptijw skI-´dn Atem-´vsa‚ v \¬Ip-∂p.

• Atem´psa‚ns‚ ASnÿm\-Øn¬ \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ¿ _n¬ ka¿∏n®v Sjdn-bn¬ \n∂v

XpI ]n≥h-en-°p-∂p.

• X\Xv ^≠n¬ /tIµm-hn-jvIrX ^≠n¬ \n∂p≈ XpI-Iƒ ]kn-U‚ vv A[n-Ir-Xam°nb-

Xn\ptijw sN°v aptJ\ XpI ]n≥h-en°p∂p.

• \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ-¿ Ah-cpsS ]Xn-amk sNehv tÃ‰vsa‚ v F√m-amkhpw 5˛mw Xnø-Xn°p

apºmbn skI-´-dn°v \¬IWw.

22.8. ]Xnamk A°u≠v

• ]Xnamk hchv sNehv IW°pIfpw,

\o°nbncn∏v XpIbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂ dnt∏m¿´mWv

]Xnamk A°u≠v.

• Hmtcm amksØbpw hchv sNehv IW°pIƒ

ASpØ amkw 10˛mw XnbXn°p≈ntem ASpØ

amksØ BZytbmKØntem skI´dn

[\Imcy Ãm‚ nwK v IΩ‰nbn¬

AhXcn∏n°pIbpw IΩn‰nbpsS Xocpam\ßƒ

ASpØ ]©mbØv tbmK-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-

Ibpw sNøWw.

22.9. hm¿jnI A°u≠v

hm¿jnI [\Imcy tÃ‰vsa‚pw A\p_‘

tÃ‰vsa‚pIfpw Xømdm°n ]©mbØv IΩn‰n

AwKoIcn®v ]kn≤oIcn®tijw ASpØ Pqsse

31\v apºv HmUn‰¿am¿°v Ab®psImSp°Ww. tIcf

]©mbØvcmPv (]cntim[\mcoXnbpw, HmUn‰v

kwhn[m\hpw) N´w 11(1).

• Xøm-dm-°nb hm¿jnI [\-Imcy tÃ‰vsa‚pw

A\p-_‘ tÃ‰vsa‚pw ]©mbØv tbmKØn¬

N¿® sNbvXv hnebncpØ¬ \SØp∂p, AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂p.

119

• AwKoIcn®tijw tem°¬ ^≠v hIp∏n\v ka¿∏n°p∂p.

• tem°¬^≠v hIp∏v ]cntim[\ \SØn HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v ]©mbØn\v \¬Ip∂p.

• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v ]©mbØv tbmKw N¿® sNbvXv Bh-iy-amb ]cn-lm-c-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ ssIs°m-

≈p-∂p. (C-Xn-\mbn ]tXyI tbmKw hnfn-®p-tN¿°-Ww)

• hm¿jnI A°u≠pw HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pw Kma-k-`bv°v ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

A°u-≠nwKv1

120

22

hnhn[ HmUn‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw

23

23.1. HmUn‰v F¥v?

23.2. HmUn‰v F¥n\v?

23.2.1. HmUn-‰¿ F¥mWv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv?

23.3. hnhn-[-Xcw HmUn-‰p-Iƒ

23.4. HmUn‰n\p XømsdSp∏v

23.5. HmUn‰v kabØv

23.6. HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v e`n®Xn\ptijw

23.7. \nbak`bn¬ ka¿∏n°s∏Sp∂ HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pIƒ

23.1. HmUn‰v F¥v?

hn`hkamlcWw, [\hn\ntbmKw, IWs°gpXn kq£n°¬ F∂nhbpsS XpS¿®bmb kzm`mhnI

]InbbmWv HmUn‰v.

]©mbØn\v \nba]Imcw e`nt°≠ hcpam\ßsf√mw e`n-t°≠ Af-hn¬ e`n®n´pt≠m?

sNehpIsf√mw \nehnep≈ \nbaßƒ°pw am¿§\n¿t±i

ßƒ°pw A\pkcn®mtWm \n¿∆-ln-®Xv? Ch Imcy-£-a-amtbm?

Dt±-in® ùXnI e£y-ßƒ ssIh-cn-®n-´p-t≠m-sb-s∂√m-ap≈

]cntim[\bmWv HmUn‰v.

23.2. HmUn‰v F¥n\v?

• ]©mbØns‚ kmºØnI `ZX kwc£n°p∂Xn\v

• IW°pIfpsS hnizmkyX Dd∏m°p∂Xn\v

• ]Jym-]n® e£y-ßƒ t\Sn-bn-´pt≠m F∂ Imcyw P\-ßsf

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v

23.2.1 HmUn‰n¬ F¥mWv ]cntim[n°p∂Xv?

• \nbam\pkcWw e`nt°≠ hcpam\ßsf√mw bYmhn[n

\n¿Æbn®n´pt≠m?

• \n¿Æbn® hcpam\ßsf√mw ]ncns®SpØn´pt≠m?

121

• ]ncns®SpØ XpIsb√mw IW°n¬ Dƒs∏-SpØpIbpw bYmhn[n kq£n°pIbpw sNbvXn´pt≠m?

• sNehpIsf√mw \nbam\pkcWap≈XmtWm?

• sNehv sNøp∂Xn¬ anXXzw ]men®n´pt≠m?

• sNe-hp-Iƒ HuNn-Xy-]q¿hhpw \oXn-bp-‡-hp-am-tbmtWm \n¿∆ln-®Xv?

• ]Ww sNehv sNbvXXns‚ e£yw t\Snbn´pt≠m?

• ]Xo-£n® bYm¿∞ ]tbm-P\w D≠m-bn-´pt≠m?

• kmºØnI Xocpam\ßfn¬ ]©mbØns‚ Xmev]cyw kwc£n®n´pt≠m?

• ]Jym-]n® ùXnI e£y-ßƒ t\Sn-bn-´pt≠m?

]mgvsNehv, [q¿Øv, Zp¿hn-\n-tbm-Kw, kmºØnI\jvSw F∂nh kw`hn®n´ps≠¶n¬ AXn\v

DØchmZnIfmsc∂v Is≠Øp∂Xpw HmUn‰ns‚ NpaXebmWv.

23.3. hnhn-[-Xcw HmUn-‰p-Iƒ

(i) tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v

(ii) Iw]vtSmf¿ B‚ v HmUn‰¿ P\dens‚ HmUn‰v (kn.F.Pn.)

(iii)s]¿t^ma≥kv HmUn‰v

(iv)tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v

(i) tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v

• tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv \nbaw, 1994 se tIcf tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v \nbaw, 1996 se tIcf

tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v N´-ßƒ, 1997 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (]cn-tim-[-\m-co-Xnbpw HmUn‰v

kwhn-[m-hpw) N´-ßƒ F∂nh ]Imcw \S-Øp-∂p.

• F√m ]©mbØv cmPv ÿm]\ßfnepw \SØp∂ hm¿jnI HmUn‰v.

• ]©mbØn\v hcpam\\jvSap≠m°pI, ]mgvsNehv, [q¿Øv XpSßnbh hgn \jvSap≠m°pI

XpSßnbh Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-Ibpw Ahbv°v DØchmZnbmbhcn¬ \n∂v \jvSw CuSm-°p-∂-Xn-

∂mbn Nm¿÷v/k¿Nm¿÷v \S-]Sn kzoIcn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

(ii) kn.F.Pn. HmUn‰v

• `cWLS\m hyhÿ, Iw]vtSm -f¿ B‚ v HmUn-‰¿ P\-d¬ \nbaw F∂nh ]Imcw

A[nImcs∏SpØnb HmUn‰v.

• Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]\ßfn¬ ]Xn-h¿jw/c≠p h¿j-Øn¬/A©p-h¿j-Øn¬ Hcp ]mh-iyw HmUn‰v

\SØp∂p.

(iii) s]¿t^ma≥kv HmUn‰v

• 1997 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (]cntim[\m coXnbpw HmUn‰v kwhn[m\hpw) N´ßƒ ]Imcap≈

HmUn‰v.

hnhn[ HmUn‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw

XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw1

122

23

• Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ ssXamknIambpw a‰v ]©mbØpIfn¬ A¿≤hm¿jnIambpw \SØp∂p.

• ]©mbØns‚ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ \nbaßƒt°m \n¿t±ißƒt°m hnt[bamtWmsb∂pw

tcJIfpw cPnÃdpIfpw IrXyambn

kq£n®n´pt≠msb∂pw ùXn-I-amb

t\´-ßƒ ssIh-cn-®n-´p-t≠m-sb∂pw

]cntim[n°pIbpw \yq\ -X -Iƒ

]cnlcn°m≥ Bh-iy-amb am¿§

\n¿t±ißƒ A∏-t∏mƒ \¬IpIbpw

sNøp∂p B`y-¥c HmUn‰v kwhn-[m-

\-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-bmb sX‰p Xncp-

Ø¬ ]In-b-bn-emWv Du∂¬.

(iv) tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v

• Kmak` \SØp∂p. AXn-\mbn HmUn‰v

Soans\ Kma-k` Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p.

• hnIk\ ]hrØnIfpsS e]m]vXn

hnebncpØp∂p

• ]ńIPmXn, ]ńIh¿§ hn`mKßƒ,

inip°ƒ, hr≤¿, imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb sh√phnfnIƒ t\cnSp∂h¿ XpSßnbhcpsS

D∂a\Øn\mbp≈ ]cn]mSnIfpsS ê]m]vXn hnebncpØp∂p

hc-hv- -sN-ehv IW-°p-Iƒ Kma-k -bn¬ A®-Sn®v hnX-cWw sNøp-I, HmUn‰v

dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw hm¿jnI IW°pw Kma-k`bn¬ e`y-am-°p-I, B\p-Iqeyw

ssI∏-‰p∂ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS t]cp-hn-h-c-ßƒ Kma-k-`-bn¬ N¿®bv°v

hnt[-b-am-°p-I, ]hrØn ÿe-ß-fn¬ t_m¿Uv ÿm]n-°pI XpS-ßn-b-hbpw

tkmjy¬ HmUn-‰ns‚ `mK-am-Wv.

• kvXoIfpsS D∂a\w e£yam°nbp≈ ]cn]mSnIfpsS ê]m]vXn hnebncpØp∂p. Kma-k-`-

bn¬ \n∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ Hcp IΩn‰n HmUn‰v \S-Øn, AXns‚ HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v Kma-k`-bn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv \S-]-Sn.

23.4. HmUn‰n\p XømsdSp∏v

• Adnbn∏v e`n®mepS≥ F√m \n¿∆lW DtZymKÿ∑mtcbpw skI-´dn hnhcw Adnbn°Ww

• F√m hchv/sNehv tcJIfpw A\p_‘tcJIfpw cPnÃdpIfpw Xømdm°n h®n´ps≠∂v

Dd∏m°Ww

• HmUn‰pambn _‘s∏´ ]h¿Ø\ßƒ GtIm]n∏n°m≥ A°u≠‚nt\tbm A°u≠‚ v

Cs√¶n¬ as‰mcp DtZymKÿt\tbm NpaXes∏SpØWw

• HmUn‰v DtZymKÿ∑m¿°v tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ th≠- ùXnI kmlNcyßƒ Dd∏m°Ww

23.5. HmUn‰v kabØv

• ]mcw` N¿®bn¬ ]knU‚ v, sshkv ]kn-U‚ v, Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am∑m¿, skI-´dn F∂n-

h¿ \n¿_‘ambpw ]s¶Sp°Ww

123

• Bhiys∏Sp∂ F√m tcJIfpw HmUn‰n\v \¬Ip∂psh∂v Dd∏m°Ww

• hniZoIcWßfpw adp]SnIfpw bYmkabw \¬Ip∂psh∂v Dd∏m°Ww

• _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ¿ lmP-cm-Ip-∂p-s≠∂v Dd-∏m-°Ww

• Ign-bm-hp-∂X \yq\-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-Ww

• HmUn‰ns‚ ]cnkam]vXnbn¬ \S°p∂ N¿®bn¬ ]kn-U‚pw sshkv ]kn-U‚pw skI-´-dnbpw

\n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿcpw Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am∑mcpw ]s¶Sp°Ww

23.6. HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿ v e`n®Xn\ptijw

• HmUn‰v ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿsc Adn-bn-°Ww

• Bhiyamb tcJItfmsS hniZoIcWw \¬Ip∂psh∂v Dd∏m°Ww

• Ign-bm-hp-∂X \yq\-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-Ww.

• Hcp amkØn\p≈n¬ ]©m-bØv IΩn‰n ]tXyI tbmKw tN¿∂v HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pw skI-´-dn

Xøm-dm-°nb hniZoIcW°pdn∏pw ]cntim[n°Ww. HmUn‰v ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb \S-]-

Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-Ww

• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿ń-\p≈ adp-]Sn IrXy-k-a-bØv \¬IWw

• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pw hniZoIcW°pdn∏pw Kmak`bn¬ N¿®°v hbv°Ww.

23.7. \nbak`bn¬ ka¿∏n°s∏Sp∂ HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pIƒ

][m\s∏´ HmUn‰v \nco£Wßƒ Dƒs∏SpØnb Iw]vtSm-f¿ B≥Uv HmUn-‰¿ P\-d-ens‚

dnt∏m¿´v kn.F.Pn.bpw kamlrX HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v tem°¬ ≠v HmUn‰v UbdIvSdpw \nbak`bn¬

ka¿∏n°p∂p. ]kvXpX HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pIfnse ]cma¿ißƒ°v c≠p amkØn\p≈n¬ \yq\Xm

]cnlmc ]XnI Xømdm°n k¿°m¿ hgn \nbak`bv°v ka¿∏nt°≠Xp≠v. HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿ńse

]cma¿ißfpw \yq\Xm ]cnlmc ]XnIbpw ]cntim[n®tijw \nbak`bpsS tem°¬ ^≠v

A°u≠vkv IΩn‰n sXfnshSp∏v \SØp∂p. ]©mbØv skI´dnbpw _‘s∏´ \n¿∆lW

DtZymKÿcpamWv sXfnshSp∏n\v lmPcmtI≠Xv. sXfnshSp∏n\ptijw IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿ v \¬Ip∂p.

dnt∏m¿ń¬ \¬Ip∂ \n¿t±ißƒ \S∏m°nbtijw c≠pamkØn\Iw \S]Sn ]XnI k¿°m¿

apJm¥ncw \nbak`bv°v \¬IWw.

i≤nt°≠ Imcyßƒ

• HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿ńse ]cma¿ißƒ°v c≠pamkØn\Iw \yq\Xm ]cnlmc

]XnI \¬Insb∂v Dd∏m°Ww

• \nbak`m kanXnbpsS sXfnshSp∏n\v skI´dnbpw _‘s∏´

DtZymKÿ∑mcpw th≠ XømsdSpt∏msS ]s¶Sp°p∂psh∂v Dd∏m°Ww

• \nbak`m kanXnbpsS dnt∏m¿´pIfnse \n¿t±ißfn¬ kab_‘nXambn

\S]SnIsfSp°p∂psh∂pw \S]Sn ]XnI ka¿∏n°p∂psh∂pw Dd∏m°Ww.

1

124

hnhn[ HmUn‰v kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw

XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw23

\nIpXnIfpw \nIpXn \n¿Æ-bhpw

24

24.1. ]-©m-bØv ^≠v

24.2. \nIp-Xn-Iƒ

24.3. \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-bhpw CuSm-°epw \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ˛ s]mXp-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

24.4. A∏oepw dnhn-j\pw

24.5. sXmgn¬ \nIpXn (tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv h-Ip∏v 204)

24.6. hkvXp-\n-IpXn (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv hIp∏v 203)

24.6.1 Cf-hp-Iƒ

24.7. KŸ-im-em-h-cn (-sse-_dn sk v)

24.8. tkh\ D]-\n-Ip-Xnbpw k¿®m¿÷p-Ifpw

24.9. ]cky \nIpXn (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 209)

24.10. ]Z¿i\ \nIpXn (]-©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 200(4)

24.11. `q]-cn-h¿Ø\ D]-\n-IpXn (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 200(3-F)

24.1. ]-©m-bØv ^≠v

\nIpXn ˛ \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hcp-am\w, tIµ-˛-kw-ÿm\ k¿°mcpIƒ \¬Ip∂ ^≠p-Ifpw Km‚p-

Ifpw, a‰v hnhn[ tkmX- p-I-fn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ hc-hp-Iƒ (kw-`m-h-\, KpW-t`m-‡r-hn-lnXw apX-

em-b-h) hmbv]-Iƒ XpS-ßn ]©m-b-Øns‚ F√m hcp-am-\hpw Dƒs∏-´-XmWv ]-©m-bØv ≠v F∂v

]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSnse hIp∏v 212 ¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p∂p. XnX-e-]-©m-b-ØpIfn¬ \nIp-Xn-

Iƒ, ssek≥kv ôkv, cPn-kvtS-j≥ ôkv XpSßnb hc-hp-Iƒ Kma-]-©m-b-Øn\v amXta D≈q.

24.2. \nIp-Xn-Iƒ

]mtZ-inI \nIp-Xn-Isf X\Xv \nIpXn-Iƒ, G¬∏n-°p∂ \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, ]¶psh-bv°p∂ \nIp-Xn-

Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv 200 ]Imcw

hkvXp-\n-Ip-Xn, sXmgn¬ \nIp-Xn, ]c-ky-\n-Ip-Xn, hnt\m-Z\n-IpXn, ]Z¿i\\nIp-Xn, tkh\\nIp-Xn,

`q]-cn-h¿Ø\ D-]-\n-IpXn F∂n-h-bmWv X\Xv \nIp-Xn-Iƒ. Ch Npa-Øp-∂Xpw ]ncns®Sp°p-∂Xpw

Kma-]-©m-bØv t\cn-´m-Wv.

G¬∏n-°p∂ \nIp-Xn-Iƒ ]©m-bØv \nIp-Xn-I-fm-sW-¶nepw Ah CuSm°n G¬∏n-°p-∂Xv kwÿm-

\-k¿°m-cns‚ a‰v hIp-∏p-I-fm-Wv. cPn-kvtS-j≥ hIp∏v CuSm-°p∂ hkvXp-ssI-am-‰-\nIpXn dh-\yq-h-

125

Ip∏v CuSm-°p∂ ASn-ÿm-\-\n-IpXn F∂o c≠p Xcw \nIp-Xn-I-fm-Wv CXn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. ]¶p-sh-

bv°p∂ \nIpXn a‰v hIp-∏ns‚XmsW-¶nepw Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS kzØv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v

IqSn, e`n-°p∂ \nIp-Xn-I-fpsS Hcp hnlnXw Ah-bpsS £Xw \nI-Øm-\mbn ]¶p-sh-bv°p-I-bmWv

sNøp-∂-Xv. tamt´m¿ shln°nƒ hIp∏v \¬Ip∂ shln°nƒ SmIvkv tImº≥tk-j-\mWv ]¶v

shbv°p∂ \nIp-Xn. Gev]n-°p∂ \nIp-Xn-bpw ]¶v shbv°p∂ \nIp-XnbpamWv ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v

P\-d¬ ]¿∏ v Km‚mbpw sabn‚-\≥kv Km‚mbpw k¿°m¿ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xv.

\nIp-Xn-Zm-b-Is‚ Ign-hn-\-\p-k-cn®v \nIpXn Npa-Øp-I, AXv Xmßm\mhmØ `mc-am-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥

i≤n-°p-I(-\n-IpXn XpI Xh-W-I-fmbn CuSm-°p-I), \nIp-Xn-Zm-b-I\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ka-bØv \nIpXn

CuSm-°p-I, ]ncnhv ]c-am-h[n Npcp-°pI F∂o \mep s]mXp-X-Xz-ßƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bm-hWw

\nIp-Xn-Iƒ \n¿Æ-bn-t°-≠Xpw CuSm-t°≠Xpw.

s]mXpsh ]d-™m¬ \nIp-Xn-Iƒ°v ss_tem (D-]-\n-b-aw) ]m m-t°-≠-Xn-√. F¶nepw \nIpXn

\nc°v/\nIp-Xn-XpI ]©m-bØv IΩn‰n \n›-bn-t°-≠XmWv. F∂m¬ ]c-ky-\n-Ip-Xn, hnt\m-Z-\n-

IpXn F∂nh Npa-Øp-∂-Xn\v D]-\n-b-a-ßƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv.

24.3. \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-bhpw CuSm-°epw \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ˛ s]mXp-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ

Hmtcm \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-bhpw \nb-a-]-c-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ A\pimkn-°p∂ (A-

\p-tOZw 265) A¿≤-Pp-Uo-jy¬ kz`m-h-ap≈ \S-]-Sn-bmWv \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-bw. \ymbhpw \njv]-£-hp-

amb \ne-]m-SmWv \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-b-[n-Im-cn-bn¬ \n∂v D≠m-th-≠-Xv. \nIp-Xn-Zm-b\v \nIpXn Npa-Øp-

∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc ]d-bp-hm-\p-≈Xv tIƒ°m≥ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-h-Ww. kzm`m-hnI \oXnbpsS XXzw

Bcw`w apX¬ Ah-km\w hsc ImØv kq£n-°-Ww.

1996se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (\n-Ip-Xn-\n¿Æ-bhpw CuSm-°epw A∏o-epw) N´-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-

Zn® ]Imcw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \S-]Sn Ia-ßƒ ]men-®p-sIm-≠p-thWw \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æbw \S-Øm≥.

1. \nIpXn ]pXp-Xmbn Npa-Øp-∂-Xnt\m ]pXnb \nc°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xnt\m ]©m-bØv XmevIm-

enI Xocp-am\w ssIsIm-≈Ww.

2. At-£]m-`n-]m-b-ßƒ ka¿∏n-°m≥ 30 Znhkw ka-b-a-\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠v t\mókv ]kn≤o-I-cn-

°-Ww.

(]X-]-c-kyw, eLp-te-J, D®-`m-jn-Wn, ]©m-bØv t\mókv t_m¿Uv apX-em-b-h aptJ\ hym]-

I-amb ]N-c-Ww).

3. \n¿±n-jvS-kab ]cn-[n-°Iw e`n® Bt£]m`n-]m-b-ßƒ ]cn-K-Wn®v A¥n-a-Xo-cp-am\w ssIs°m-

≈Ww.

4. ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n® \nIpXnbpsS hnh-cw, Npa-Øp-hm≥ Dt±-in® \nc-°v, ]m]-eyØn¬ hcp∂

XobXn F∂nh skI-´dn s]mXp-t\m-ókv aptJ\ Adn-bn-°p∂ (t\mókv t_m¿Uv, ]©m-

bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ ÿe-ßƒ)

5. A - nwKv AtXm-dn-ń-bmb skI-´dn A v-sa‚ v cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm-°-Ww. \n›n-X-Im-e-b-f-hn-

te°v BbXv s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v ]cn-tim-[\°v e`y-am-sW∂v Adn-bn∏v \¬IWw.

6. hkvXp-\n-IpXn BZy-ambn Npa-Øp-tºmgpw ]pXp-°¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-tºmgpw ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

s]mXp-t\m-ó-kn¬ 30 Znhkw s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v ]cmXn \¬Ip-hm\pw ]pXnb sIń-S-ßƒ°v

\nIpXn Npa-Øp-tºmtgm \ne-hn-ep≈ \nIpXn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-tºmtgm 15 Znh-ksØ kabw \¬In

hy‡n-K-X-t\m-ókv \¬I-Ww)

\nIpXnIfpw \nIpXn \n¿Æ-bhpw1

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24

7. e`n® At]-£-Ifpw ]cm-Xn-Ifpw skI-´dn Xo¿∏m-°Ww. Hmtcm ]cm-Xn-°m-c\pw tcJm-aqew

adp-]Sn \¬IWw.

8. Npa-Ønb \nIpXn Unam‚ v cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿Øv -_n√v/Unam‚ v t\mókv \nIpXnZmb-I\v \¬In

\nIpXn CuSm-°Ww. \nIpXn AS-bv°p∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw cioXn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

]ng: ]©m-b-Øn\v e`n-t°≠ GsX-¶nepw \nIp-Xntbm ôtkm BbXv

HSp-t°≠ \n›nX Xob-Xn°pw HSp-°mØ ]£w ]Xn-amkw 1% \nc-°n¬

]ng CuSm-t°-≠-XmWv. (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 209 C.)

24.4. A∏oepw dnhn-j\pw

apI-fn¬ ]d™ N´-ß-fnse N´w 10 A\p-k-cn-®v, \nIpXn Npa-Øn-sIm-≠p≈ skI-´-dn-bpsS Xocp-

am\Øns\-Xnsc [\-Im-cy-Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n°v apºmsI Unam‚ v t\mókv ssI∏‰n 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw

A∏o¬ ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A∏o-ense Xocp-am\w kzoIm-cy-a-s√-¶n¬ \nIpXn Zmb-I\v Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\-ßƒ°v th≠n-bp≈

ssS_yq-W¬ apºmsI dnhn-j≥ l¿Pn ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A∏otem dnhn-jt\m \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Npa-Ønb \nIpXn HSp-°n-bncn°Ww.

A∏o¬/dnhn-j≥ l¿Pn-bn¬ \nIpXn Ipdhv sNøp-∂-]£w A - vsa‚ v _p°n¬ CX-\p-k-cn®v

Xncp-Ø¬ hcp-Øp-Ibpw IqSp-X-embn CuSm-°nb \nIpXn Xncn®p \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.

Ime-l-cWw \nIpXn CuSm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn P]vXn, hyh-lm-cw, t]mkn-Iyq-

j≥ \S]Sn BZy-ambn Bcw- n-°m≥ \nb-am-\p-krXw tbmKy-amb XobXn

apX¬ 3 h¿jIme-b-f-hn¬ P]vXntbm hyh-lm-ctam t]mkn-Iyq-jt\m Bcw-

`n-°m-Ø-]£w BbXv Ime-l-c-W-s∏´v t]mIm-hp-∂-XmWv (tIcf ]©m-

bØv cmPv BIvSv ˛ hIp∏v 243).

C]-Imcw ]©m-b-Øn\v Int´-≠-Xmb GsX-¶nepw \nIp-Xntbm a‰v kwJytbm Ime-l-cWw

aqew ]ncns®Sp°m≥ Ign-bmsX h∂m¬, Bb-Xv GsX-¶nepw DtZym-Kÿs‚ hogv®aqe-am-sW-¶n¬

]©m-b-Øn\p≠mb \jvSw 12 iX-am\w ]eniklnXw Bb-Xn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ifmb DtZym-K-ÿ-

cn¬ \n∂pw CuSm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 243 (3).

24.5. sXmgn¬ \nIpXn (tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv ˛ h-Ip∏v 204)1

Hcp A¿≤-h¿j-Øn¬ samØw 60 Znh-k-Øn¬ Ipd-bmsX CS-]mSv \S-Øp∂ Iº-\n-Ifpw ÿm]-

\-ßfpw ]©m-bØv ]tZ-iØv 60 Znh-k-Øn¬ Ipd-bmsX sXmgnentem Ie-bntem tPmen-bntem

G¿∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-hy-‡n-Ifpw F√m am¿K-ß-fnepw D≈ BsI hcp-am-\-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-ambn sXmgn¬

\¬Ip-hm≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. 12,000 cq]tbm AXn¬ IqSp-Xtem A¿≤-hm¿jnI hcp-am-\-ap-≈-h¿

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn sImSp-°Ww (N´w 3).

1271 tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 204, 1996 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (sXm-gn¬ \nIp-Xn) N´-ßƒ

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ A\p-t—Zw 276 (2) A\p-k-cn®v Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ ]c-am-h[n ]ncn-°m-hp∂

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn 2500 cq]-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv 1250 cq]-bm-Wv Hcp A¿≤-h¿j-Øn¬ Npa-Øm-hp∂ ]c-

am-h[n sXmgn¬ \nIpXn. ho´p-hm-S-I-_Ø HgnsI F√m am¿K-ß-fn-ep-ap-ff samØ hcp-am-\-Øn-t∑-

emWv \nIpXn \n¿Æ-bn-t°-≠-Xv. Hcp kmº-ØnI h¿jw e`n-°p-∂ t_mW v/s^Ãn-h¬ Ae-

h≥kv F∂nh t\¿]-IpXn hoXw c≠v A¿≤-h¿j-sØbpw hcp-am-\-ambn IW-°m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

(k¿°p-e¿ 35917/Un1/2000/Xkz-`h 27/7/2000)

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn Npa-Øp-∂-Xn\pw

CuSm-°p-∂-Xn\pap≈ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

1. ÿm]-\-ta-[m-hn-tbmSv sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS hnh-c-ßƒ Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂p.

2. \nIpXn \n›-bn®v _n¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

3. sXmgn-ep-S-a-tbmSv \nIpXn CuSm°n ]©m-b-Øn¬ AS-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-

iy-s∏Sp∂p. CX-\p-k-cn®v F√m sabvam-k-Ønepw \h-wº¿ amkØnepw

Hmô-kv ta-[m-hn-I-tfmSv Ah-cpsS ÿm]-\-Ønse Poh-\-°m-cpsS

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn \n›-bn®v CuSm°n Poh-\-°m-cpsS enÃv klnXw AS-

°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. sk]vXw-_¿, s^_p-hcn amk-ß-fnse

_n√n-t\m-sSm∏w \nIpXn AS® cioXn ]I¿∏v D≈-S°w sNø-Ww. (Pn.-

H(-]n)271/2007/[\m XobXn 25/6/2000)

sXmgn¬ \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-°n-bn- p≈ hn`m-K-ßƒ

1. sk≥S¬ dnk¿∆v t]meokv (G(Rt) 1016/72/LA CU-1.6.72)

2. A‘¿ (GO(Rt) 2917/88/Xkz- h XobXn 1/2/88)

3. _[n-c¿, aqI¿, hnI-emw-K¿(40 iX-am-\tam AXn¬ IqSp-X-tem) (GO(Rt)17/88/Xkz- h XobXn 27/11/2000)

4. _oUn-sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ, Iip-h-≠n-sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ, HmSv, CjvSn-I, a¨]mX

\n¿Ωm-W-sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ (GO(Rt) 13/2001/Xkz- h XobXn 17/1/2001)

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fpsS tkh\w Hcp sXmgntem tPmentbm _nkn-\t m A√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ saº¿am¿

ssI∏-‰p∂ HmW-td-dn-b-Øn\v sXmgn¬ \nIpXn Npa-Øm≥ ]mSn√ (GO No) 49046/L2/99/Xkz- h XobXn

21.7.2000).sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n, amth-en-tÃm¿ XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v sXmgn¬ \nIpXn CuSmt°≠-

XmWv. AXv t]mse _m¶ns‚ Htcm imJbpw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw sXmgn¬ \nIpXn HSp-t°-≠-

XmWv.


128

24

sXmgn¬ \nIpXnbpambn _‘-s∏ v kq£n-t°≠ tcJ-Iƒ

1. Hmô-kp-I-fptSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fptSbpw t]cv hnh-c-ßƒ AS-ßp∂ dPn-Ã¿

2. hym]m-cn-I-fp-sSbpw Iº-\n-I-fp-sSbpw sXmgn¬ \nIpXn AS-°m≥ _m[y-

ÿ-cmb hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw t]cv hnh-c-ßƒ AS-ßnb dPn-Ã¿

3. \nIpXn Npa-Øm-hp∂ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw t]cv hnh-c-

ßƒ AS-ßnb A - vsa‚ v dPn-Ã¿.

4. Poh-\-°m-cn¬ \n∂v sXmgn¬ \nIpXn CuSm°n HSp-°p-tºmƒ Hmô-kv

ta-[mhn \¬Ip∂ ]XnI

5. tS -Hm-h¿/dnt´¨ tÃ‰vsa‚p-Iƒ.

24.6. hkvXp-\n-IpXn (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv ˛ hIp∏v 203)2

hkvXp-hII-fpsS hm¿jnI hmS-I-aqeyw IW-°m°n hkvXp-\n-IpXn \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ coXn-bmWv

]m_-ey-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. hm¿jnI hmS-I-aqeyw hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambpw IWn-i-ambpw \n¿Æ-bn-

°m-hp∂ H∂-√. C°m-cWw sIm≠v Xs∂ hkvXp-\n-IpXn \n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ \nc-h[n A]m-XIƒ°p-

ff km[y-Xbpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. ASp-Ø-SpØv tN¿∂v InS-°p-∂- k-am-\-amb c≠v sIń-S-ßƒ°v

hyXy-kvX-ambn \nIpXn \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- A-h-ÿ°pw CXv Imc-W-ambn.

H∂pw c≠pw kwÿm\ [\-ImcyIΩoj\p-Iƒ sIń-S-ß-fpsS πn¥v Gcnb AYhm Xd-hn-kvXo¿Æw

ASnÿm\-am°n hkvXp-\n-IpXn \n¿Æbw \S-Ø-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in®ncp-∂p. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ 1999 ¬ Xd-hn-kvXo¿Æw IW-°m°n \nIpXn Npa-Øp-∂-Xn\v \nbaw t`Z-KXn sNbvsX-¶nepw

AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ N´-ßƒ A¥n-a-ambn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m≥ Xma-k-ap-≠m-b-Xn-\m¬ B coXn ]m_-ey-

Øn¬ h-∂n-√. 2009-˛¬ 203-˛mw hIp∏v ka-K-ambn t`Z-KXn sNøp-Ibpw 2011- ¬ tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv

(hkvXp \nIp-Xnbpw tkh\ D]-\n-Ip-Xnbpw k¿Nm¿÷pw N´-ßƒ) \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ CXv kw_-‘n®v s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p-h∂ ]cm-Xn-Iƒ IW-°n-se-SpØv 1.4.2013

apX¬ ]m_-ey-Øn¬ Cu N´w t`Z-KXn sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]pXnb \nIp-Xn-Zm-b-I¿°v Cu N´w

14.01.2011 apXepw \ne-hn-ep≈ \nIp-Xn-Zm-b-I¿°v (hm¿jnI hmS-I-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \nIpXn

\¬Ip-∂-h¿°v) 1.4.2013 apXepw ]pXnb N´w _m[-I-am-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂v k¿°m¿ 4.6.2013 se k.-

D.(Fw.-F-kv)210/2013/Xkz-`h ]Imcw kv]jvSo-I-cWw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

hnhn[ Xcw sIń-S-ßƒ°v k¿°m¿ \n›-bn® ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ \n∂v sIm≠v Hmtcm Kma-]-©m-

b-Øpw \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°psIm≠v Xd-hn-kvXo¿Æw KpWn®v ASn-ÿm\ \nIpXn IW-°m°p∂p.

AXn\ptijw sIńSw ÿnXn sNøp∂ ÿew, D]-tbmK-Øns‚ Xcw, hgn kuI-cyw, ]g-°w, sIń-

S-Øn¬ G¿s∏Sp-Øn-bn´p≈ kuI-cy-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ h¿≤-\thm Ingnthm A\p-

h-Zn®v \nIpXn \n›-bn-°p-∂-XmWv ]pXnb coXn. \nIpXn \n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ Bfl-\n-jvT-Xbpw hnthN-

\m-[n-Imchpw C√m-XmIp-∂-tXmsS C∂p≈ A]m-I-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \nIpXn \n¿Æbw

kpXm-cy-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. C≥^¿ta-j≥ tIcf anj≥ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ k©b Iºyq-´¿ Bπn-

t°-j≥ tkm^v‰v shb-dns‚ klm-b-tØm-sS-bmWv hkvXp \nIpXn \n¿Æbw \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

2 2011 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (hkvXp\nIp-Xnbpw tkh\ D]-\n-Ip-Xnbpw k¿®m¿÷pw) N´-ßfpw hkvXp-\n-IpXn

kw_-‘n®v Ine ]kn-≤o-I-cn® ssI]p-kvX-Ihpw hmbn-°p-I.129

24.6.1 CfhpIƒ

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv B-IvSnse

207˛mw hIp∏v ]Imcw Xmsg ]d-bp∂

sIń-S-ßƒ°v hkvXp-\n-Ip-Xn-bn¬

\n∂v Cfhv A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.

1) Bcm-[-\°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sIń-

S-ßƒ,- a-X-]-T-\-im-e-Iƒ

2) tcmKn-Iƒ°v kuP\y NnIn’ e`y-

am-Ip∂ BXp-cm-e-b-ßƒ

3) AK-Xn-Iƒ°v A\m-Y¿°pw A`bw

\¬Ip∂ sIń-S-ßƒ.

4) k¿°m¿ AwKo-Im-c-ap≈ hnZym- ym-

k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-

ep≈ lb¿sk-°-≠dn Xew hsc-bp≈ hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-ßƒ°v amXw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

sIń-S-ßfpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Xma-kn-°p∂ tlmÃ¬ sIń-S-ßfpw

5) 30 N.-ao-‰¿ hsc-bp≈ hmk-Kr-l-ßƒ (_n.-]n.-F¬. hn`m-K-ßƒ°p amXw)

6) ]©m-b-tØm- k¿°mtcm hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ ]Imcw \n¿Ωn® hoSp-Iƒ

7) ]©m-b-Øp-hI sIń-S-ßƒ

8) ]pcm-X\ kvamc-I-ßƒ

9) ivaim-\-ßƒ

10) s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v ]tbm-P-\-ap≈ hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ, Ifn-ÿ-e-ßƒ

CXn\v ]pdsa 207 (2)˛mw h-Ip∏v ]Imcw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ sIń-S-ßsf hkvXp-\n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw

k¿°m¿ Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

1) hnap-‡-`St\m Ah-cpsS hn[-h-Itfm Xma-kØn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sIńSw

2) hnap-‡-`-Ss‚ `mcy-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ `h\w

3) bp≤-Ønepw A]-I-S-Ønepw ac-W-a-S™ ssk\n-I-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kz¥w Xma-k-Øn\v

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sIń-S-ßƒ

tIµ k¿°m¿ sIń-S-ßƒ°v hkvXp-\n-IpXn Npa-Øm≥ ]mSn-√. F∂m¬ ]©m-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw

\¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ßƒ (-ip-Nn-Xz-]-cn-]m-e-\w, Pe-hn-X-c-Ww, sXcphv hnf-°p-Iƒ apX-em-b-h) ]cn-K-

Wn®v tkh\ Nm¿÷v CuSm-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

C¥y≥ ]kn-U-‚ns‚ t]cn-ep≈ _n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. sIń-S-ßsf `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS A\-t—Zw

285(1) ]Imcw hkvXp-\n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ C¥y≥ ]kn-U‚ns‚ t]cn-

e√mØ _n.-F-kv.-F≥.-F¬. sIń-S-ßƒ°pw Sh-dn\pw hkvXp-\n-IpXn Npa-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.


130

24

24.7. KŸ-im-em-h-cn (-sse-_dn sk v)

hkvXp-\n-Ip-Xn-bpsS 5% XpI sse_dn sk v C\-Øn¬ ]ncn-t°-≠Xpw C]-Imcw ]ncn-°p∂

XpI c≠v KUp-°-fmbn (G-]n¬ 30 \pw \hw-_¿ 30 \Iw ) sse_dn Iu¨kn-en\v AS-°p-Ibpw

thWw. CXn¬ hogvN hcp-Øn-bm¬ skI-´-dn-bn¬ \n∂v ]ng CuSm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

hkvXp \nIpXn c≠v A¿≤-hm¿jnI KUp-°-fmbn Unam‚ v sNtø-≠Xpw c≠v A¿≤-hm¿jnI

KUp-°fpw ]q¿Æ cq]-bn-te°v Iao-I-cn®v CuSm-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

(Pn.H (Fw.-F-kv) 132/2012/Xkz-`h XobXn 16/5/2012)

24.8. tkh\ D]-\n-Ip-Xnbpw k¿®m¿÷p-Ifpw

GsXmcp sIń-S-Øn-t‚bpw DS-a-ÿ-\n¬ \n∂v, ]kvXpX sIńSw ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ `qan-bntem

AXns‚ kao] ]tZ-itØm ip-Nn-Xz-]-cn-]m-e-\w, Pe-hn-X-c-Ww, sXcphv hnf-°v IØn-°¬, sUbn-

t\Pv, kvImh-©nwKv F∂o tkh-\-ßƒ°v Kma-]-©m-bØv \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°n¬ tkh-\\n-IpXn

Npa-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

GsX-¶nepw ]≤-Xnt°m πm\nt\m sNe-h-gn® Akm-[m-cW sNehv \nI-Øm≥ hkvXp \nIp-Xn-

ta¬ 5% k¿®m¿÷v Npa-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]©m-bØv ]tZ-iØv `mKn-I-amtbm apgp-h-\mtbm Hcp

\n¿±n-jvS-Im-e-tØ°v k¿Nm¿÷v CuSm-°mw. F∂m¬ Htc kabw c≠n¬ IqSp-X¬ k¿®m¿÷v

]mSn-√. (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv hIp∏v 208).

hkvXp \nIpXn Npa-Ø-ep-ambn _‘-s∏ v kq£n-t°≠ dPn-ÃdpIƒ

1) A - vsa‚ v dPn-Ã¿

2) Unam‚ v dPn-Ã¿

3) IpSn-»nI dPn-Ã¿

4) A∏o¬ /dnhn-j≥ dPn-Ã¿

5) FgpXn X≈¬ dPn-Ã¿

24.9. ]cky \nIpXn (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv ˛ hIp∏v 209)

Hcp Kma-]-©m-bØv ]tZ-isØ GsX-¶nepw `qan-bntem sIń-S-Øntem Nph-cntem ]c-ky-∏-e-I-

bn-t∑tem FSp-∏n-t∑tem As√-¶n¬ AXns‚ apI-fntem GsX-¶nepw ]ckyw IpØs\ \n¿Øp-I-

tbm, ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-tbm, Dd-∏n®p-h-bv°p-I-tbm, Aß-s\-bp≈ ]tZ-isØ GsX-¶nepw k¿°m¿

hI ÿetØm kzImcy ÿetØm s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v ImW-Ø-°-hn[w GsX-¶nepw ]ckyw GsX-

¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ GsXm-cmfpw Aßs\ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ GsXmcp

]c-ky-Øn\pw k¿°m-cns‚ AwKo-Im-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]©m-bØv ]tabw aqew \n›-bn-°p∂ \nc-°p-

I-fnepw hn[-Ønepw ]c-ky-\n-IpXn sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

24.10. ]Z¿i\ \nIpXn (]-©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv ˛ hIp∏v 200(4)

Kma-]-©m-bØv ]tZ-i-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \S-Øp∂ F√m ]Z¿i-\-ß-fn-t∑epw k¿°m¿ CXn-te-°mbn

\n¿Æ-bn-®n-´p≈ \nc-°p-I-fn¬ ]Z¿i\ \nIpXn Npa-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. ]Ww \¬Ip-∂-Xn-t∑¬ Bfp-

131

Iƒ-°v ]th-i\w \¬Ip∂ GsX-¶nepw hnt\m-Zw, ]Z¿i-\w, A`ym-k-]-I-S-\w, t\cw-t]m-°v,

Ifn, ImbnI hnt\m-Zw, Hm´-∏-¥bw F∂nh ]Z¿i\w F∂ ]tbm-KØn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

\nIpXn Npa-Øp∂Xn\p≈ \S-]-Sn-I-aw, ]Z-¿i\w \S-Øn-∏n-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iaw, \nIpXn \nc°v

apX-em-bh 1995 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (]-Z¿i\ \nIpXn Npa-Øepw CuSm-°-epw) N´-ß-fn¬

hni-Zo-I-cn® ]Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kn\nam ]Z¿i-\-ßsf ]Z¿i\ \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-

hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

24.11. `q]-cn-h¿Ø\ D]-\n-IpXn (tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv ˛ hIp∏v 200(3-F)

Kma-]-©mb-Øn\v Hcp `qD-S-a-bn¬ \n∂pw Abmƒ ssIhiw h®n-cn-°p∂ tXm´-tam, sIńSw

\n¬°p∂ ÿetam Bbn am‰-s∏´ s\¬∏m-S-tam, NXp∏v ]tZ-i-tam, Ipf-tam, \o¿a-dn-]-tZ-

itam kw_-‘n®v \n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏´ \nc-°nepw coXn-bnepw `q]-cn-h¿Ø\ D]-\n-IpXn Npa-Øm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.


132

24

\nIpXn IpSn-»nI CuSm-°¬ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

25

25.1. \nIpXn IpSn-»nI

25.2. Unam‚ v t\mókv \¬I¬

25.3. P]vXn \S-]Sn

25.4. t]mkn-Iyq-j≥

25.5. Ip‰w cmPn-bm-°¬

25.6. dh\yq hIp∏v apJm-¥ncw

25.7. knhn¬ hyh-lmcw

25.8. hkq-em-°m≥ km[n-°mØ XpI-Iƒ FgpXn X≈¬

25.9. Ingnhv \¬I¬

25.10. t\mókv \¬tI≠ coXnbpw

hn⁄m-]-\tam t\mótkm ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ coXnbpw

25.11. t\mó-kp-Iƒ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

25.1. \nIpXn IpSn-»nI

\nIpXn bYm-k-abw AS-bv°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ AS-t°≠ \nIpXn IpSn-»n-I-bmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]©m-b-Øn¬ AS-t°≠ \nIp-Xn-Iƒ IpSn-»n-I-bm-Ip∂ Xob-Xn°v kmº-ØnI h¿j-hp-ambn _‘-

an-√. Unam‚ v t\mó-kn¬ \nIpXn AS-bv°p-hm≥ Bhiys∏ń-´p≈ Xob-Xn°v XpI AS-®n-s√-¶n¬

\nIpXn XpI IpS-»n-I-bmbn amdpw. Cßs\ IpSn-»n-I-bm-Ip∂ XpI CuSm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-I-a-

ß-ƒ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

25.2. Unam‚ v t\mókv \¬I¬

\nIpXn AS-°m≥ hogv® hcp-Ønb Bƒs°-Xnsc ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaØnse hIp∏v 210 A\p-

k-cn®v \S-]Sn FSp-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Hcp Unam‚ v t\mókv \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Imew, \nIp-Xn-hn-h-

c-Ww, ]ng-∏-en-i-bpsS hnhcw, \nIpXn IpSn-»nI Xob-Xn, A\-¥-c-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ F∂nh t\mó-kn¬

hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°-Ww (N´w 14, \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-bn-°epw CuSm-°epw A∏oepw N´-ßƒ).

25.3. P]vXn \S-]Sn

Unam‚ v t\mókn¬ ImWn-®n-´p≈ ka-b-]-cn[n Ign-™m¬ P]vXn \S-]-Sn-bn-eqsS XpI CuSm-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-\mbn IpSn-»n-I-°m-cs‚ PwK-a--hkvXp-°ƒ P]vXn sNøm≥ \n›nX md-Øn¬ skI-

133

´dn hmd≠v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hnt°≠Xpw hmd-≠v \-S-Øp-h≥ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿs\ Npa-Xes∏Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-

Wv. P]vXn \S-Øp∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-®n-cn-°-Ww.

1) ]©m-bØv AXn¿Øn-bn-ep≈ PwK-a-h-kvXp-°ƒ amXta P]vXn-sN-ømhq

2) P]vXn-°mbn kqtcym-Z-b-Øn\pw kqcym-kvX-a-\-Øn\panS°v amXta sIń-S-ßfn¬ ]th-in-°mhq.

3) sIń-S-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs‚ A[n-Im-chpw Dt±-ihpw hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw A\p-aXn

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw thWw.

4) ]th-i\w Bh-iy-ambn h∂m¬ sIń-Sw Xpd-°mt\m Xpd-∏n-°mt\m A[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw

5) kvXoIƒ°v amdn \n¬°m≥ aq∂v aWn-°q¿ kabw A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww.

6) P]vXn sNøp-∂-Xn\v apºv XpI \¬Ip-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXv ]Imcw XpI AS-°m≥ Xøm-

dm-bm¬ P]vXn Dt]-£n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

7) 1908 se knhn¬ \S-]Sn kwlnX hIp∏v 60 ]Imcw Hgn-hm-°nb PwKahkvXp P]vXn sNøm≥

]mSn-√. IpSn-»n-I-Im-c≥ HSp-°m≥ _m≤y-ÿamb XpI°v Ign-bp-∂X Xpey-amb hne hcp∂

km[-\-ßƒ amXta P]vXn sNøm-hq. P]vXn sNbvX hkvXp-°-fpsS hnhcw tcJ-s∏-SpØn 2

km£n-I-fpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ al- ¿ Xøm-dm-°n A-Xns‚ ]I¿∏pw \n›nX t^md-Øn-ep≈

t\mókpw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. t\mó-kn¬ ]d-bp∂ Xob-Xn-°Iw XpI AS-°m-Ø-]£w ]nSn-s®-

SpØ hkvXp°ƒ ]c-ky-ambn teew sNbvXv XpI CuSm-°p-Ibpw an®w h√-Xp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ XncnsI

sImSp-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

25.4. t]mkn-Iyq-j≥

P]vXn \S]Sn A]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-sW-¶n¬ skI-´-dn°v hogv®-°msc H∂mw ¢m v PpUojy¬ aPn-

kvtS‰v tImSXn apºmsI t]mkn-Iyq´v sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

25.5. Ip‰w cmPn-bm-°¬

t]mkn-Iyq´v sNbvX-ti-jw- Ip-‰-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-amb IpSn-»nI Xo¿Øv Ip‰w cmPn-bm°m≥ At]-

£n-°p∂ ]£w ]kn-U-‚ns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS Ip‰w cmPn-bm-°mhp-∂Xpw, CuSm-t°-≠- Xp-IbpsS

AºXv iX-am\Øn¬ Ipd-bmØ XpI ]ng-bmbn CuSm-t°≠XpamWv

25.6. dh\yq hIp∏v apJm-¥ncw

]©m-b-Øn\v e`n-°m-\p≈ XpI `q\n-IpXn IpSn-»nI F∂ t]mse dh-\yp-dn-°-hdn CuSm°n

Xcm≥ dh-\yq-h-Ip-∏n-t\mSv At]-£n-°m-hp∂-Xm-Wv. IpSn-»n-I-°m-c≥ kwÿm\w hn´p-t]m-Ip-Itbm

I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ _mly-a-√msX hcn-Ibpw sNbvXmepw C]-Imcw dh\yq dn°-hdn \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-

°mw.

25.7. knhn¬ hyh-lmcw

knhn¬ \S-]Sn kwlnX ]Imcw \nIpXn CuSm-°p-∂-Xn\v knhn¬ tImS-Xn-bn¬ ]©m-b-Øn\v

A\ymbw t_m[n-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XpamWv. (N´w 16, \nIp-Xn-\n¿Æ-bhpw CuSm-°epw A∏oepw N´-ßƒ).

• Ime-lc-W-tZmjw : Ime-lc-W-tZmjw kw`hn®m¬ \nIpXn IpSn-»nI CuSm-°m≥ Ign-bm-sX-

hcpw. BsI-bm¬ \nIpXn IpSn-»n-I-bmbm¬ DSs\ Xs∂ CuSm-°¬ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t°-≠-

Xp≠v.

1

134

25 \nIpXn IpSn-»nI CuSm-°¬

\S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

• IpSn-»nI Unam≠v cPn-Ã¿: G]n¬ H∂n\v Ah-ti-jn® _m≤yX Xn´-s∏-SpØn IpSn-»nI

Unam≠v cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• \nIpXn IpSn-»nI CuSm-°¬ \S-]-Snbpw A¿≤ PqUo-jy¬ kz`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. BI-bm¬ kzm`m-

hnI \oXn Dd-∏m-°n-s°m-≠p≈Xpamb \S-]-Sn-I-fm-bn-cn-°Ww Htcm L´-Ønepw kzoI-cn-t°-

≠Xv.

25.8. hkq-em-°m≥ km[n-°mØ XpI-Iƒ FgpXn X≈¬

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v e`n-t°-≠ hnhn[ \nIp-Xn-Ifpw ôkp-Ifpw ]ncn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m \S-]-

Sn-I-a-ßfpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn´pw ]ncn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v km[n-°msX h∂m¬ Ah Fgp-Xn-X-≈m-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-Ø-≈p-∂-Xn\v skI-´-dn-am¿ Hmtcm 6 amkØ-nepw e`n-°m≥ km[y-X-bn-

√mØ _m≤y-X-I-fpsS enÃpw dnt∏m¿´pw Xøm-dm°n [\-Im-cy-Ãm‚nw-Kv I-Ωn-‰n-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\°v

ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n Ch ]cn-tim-[n®v c-W-k-an-Xn°v ip]m¿i sNøp-Ibpw, c-W-k-an-Xn°v enÃnse

Hmtcm tIkn\pw ]c-am-h[n 1000 I hsc FgpXnX≈m-hp-∂XpamWv. CXn¬ IqSp-X¬ hcp∂ _m≤y-

X-Iƒ -F-gp-Xn-X-≈p-∂-Xn\v tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v Ub-d-IvS-dp-sSbpw k¿°m-cn-s‚bpw A\p-aXn

Bh-iy-am-Wv. [1998 se tI.-].cm (h-kq-em-°m≥ km[n-°mØ XpI-Iƒ FgpXn X≈¬) N´-ßƒ]

25.9. Ingnhv \¬I¬

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v Ah-bpsS am¿°-‰p -Iƒ, _kvÃm‚p-Iƒ, h≠n-t∏-´ -Iƒ XpS-ßnb

s]mXpÿeßfn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am-\-ßƒ Hcp \n›nX Ime-tØ°v ]ncn-s®Sp°p-∂-Xn\v IpØ-I-

]m-´-Ønt\m hmS-It°m \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ \¬In-bn-´p≈ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ hgn kwJy ]ncn-

s®Sp°p-∂-Xn\v kmwI-an-I-tcmKw s]mń-∏p-d-s∏- Xv aqe-tam, el-f, ]Ir-Xn-t£m`w F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈

A]-Xo-£n-Xhpw a\p-jy-\n-b-¥-W-ßƒ°Xo-X-hp-amb Imc-W-ß-fmtem XS w t\cn-´m¬ Icm-dp-

°m¿°pw ]m´-°m¿°pw Icm¿ Imem-h[nbn¬ XS w kw`-hn® Znh-k-ßfpsS B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn

Ingnhv A\p-h-Zn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Cßs\ Ingnhv A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ 10,000 I apI-fn¬ hcp∂ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ k¿°m-cns‚ ap≥Iq-ń-bp≈

AwKo-Imcw hmßn-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

[1998 se tIcf ]. cm (I-cm-dp-Im¿°pw ]m´-Im¿°pw Ingnhv A\p-h-Zn-°¬ ) N´-ßƒ]

25.10. t\mókv \¬tI≠ coXnbpw hn⁄m-]-\tam t\mótkm ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-tØ≠

coXnbpw

i) t\mókpIƒ \¬I¬

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v Ah-bpsS \nIp-Xn-Ifpw ôkp-Ifpw Npa-Ø¬ CuSm-°¬ F∂n-h°pw \nb-a-

ew-L-\-ßƒ `c-W-]-c-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ F∂n-h°pw hy‡nt°m ÿm]-\-ßƒt°m t\mó-kp-Iƒ

\¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ coXn-bn-emWv Cß-s\-bp≈ Bh-iy-ßƒ°v t\mó-kp-Iƒ \¬tI-

≠Xv. (1996 se tI.-].cm (t\m-ó-kp-Iƒ \¬tI≠ coXn) N´-ßƒ).

• t\cn´v \¬Ip-Itbm Ab-°p-Itbm sNøpI

• Bsf I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kwK-Xn-bn¬

Abm-fpsS Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-km-\sØ XmakÿetØm tPmen ÿetØm CSpI As√-¶n¬

IpSpw-_-Ønse apXn¿∂ AwK-tØmtbm tPmen-°m-c-t\tbm Gev]n-°p-I.

135

• ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ ]th-i\w \ntj-[n-®n-´p≈ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ AXns‚ tae-[n-Im-cn-tbtbm A[n-

Im-c-s∏-Sp-Ønb Bsftbm Gev]n-°pI

• Hcp am¿K-Ønepw t\mókv \¬I¬ Ign-bmØ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ Xma-k-ÿ-etØm tPmen-ÿ-etØm

]Xn-®p-\-S-ØpI

• Iq v DS-a-ÿ-cp-sSbpw Iq v ssIh-i-°m-cp-sSbpw ImcyØn¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcmƒ°v t\mókv \¬In-

bm¬ aXn-bmhpw

• t\mókv \nc-kn-°-s∏´ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ t\mókv \S-Ønb Xob-Xn, Xob-Xn-bmbn IW-°m-°-Ww.

• t\mókv ka-b-]-cn[n ]tXyIw \n›-bn®nń-√mØ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ t\mókv \¬Ip-Itbm Ab-

®p-sIm-Sp-°pItbm sNbvX XobXn apX¬ IW-°m-°-Ww.

25.11. t\mó-kp-Iƒ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Ø¬

]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ s]mXp-P-\-ß-fpsS Adn-hn-te-°mbn ]ckyw sNøp∂ t\mó-kp-Iƒ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-

tØ-≠Xv 1996 se tI.-].-cm. (hn-⁄m-]-\tam t\mótkm ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ coXn) N´-ßƒ A\p-k-

cn-®m-Wv. ss_tem kw_-‘n® t\mó-kp-Iƒ, \nIp-Xn-IfpsSbpw ôkp-I-fp-sSbpw ]c-ky-ßƒ XpS-

ßn-bh F√mw CXn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

t\mókv ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ coXn Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.

• Hdn-P-n\¬ t\mókv ^b-en¬ kq£n-°pI

• ]I¿∏v Kma-]-©m-bØv t\mókv t_m¿Unepw hnt√Pv Hmô-kp-I-fn-epw ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

• A®-Sn®v hnX-cWw sNøp-I, D®-`m-jWn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

\nIpXn IpSn-»nI CuSm-°¬

\S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ1

136

25

]≤Xn Bkq-XWw

26

26.1. ]≤Xn Bkq-XW am¿§-tcJ

26.2. s]mXp-k-ao-]-\hpw ap≥K-W-\-Ifpw

26.3. hn`-h-tkm-X- p-Iƒ

26.4. \n¿_‘ hI-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ

26.5. hI-bn-cp-Ø¬ ˛ a‰v \n_-‘-\-Iƒ

26.6. k_vknUn/[\-k-lmbw.

26.7. ]≤Xn Bkq-XW \S]SnIa-ßƒ.

26.7.1. πm≥ tImHm¿Un-t\-‰sd \n›-bn-°¬

26.7.2. h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-fpsS cq]o-I-cWw

26.7.3 Ahÿm hni-I-e\w

26.7.4. Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿´v

26.7.5. IcSv t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

26.7.6. _m¶p-I-fp-am-bp≈ N¿®

26.7.7. tÃIv tlmƒU¿am-cpam-bp≈ N¿®-Iƒ

26.7.8. IcSv s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Kma-k`mtbmK-ßƒ

26.7.9. Kma-k`bv°p kam-\-amb tbmK-ßƒ (tªm°v˛Pn√m ]©mbØpIƒ°v)

26.7.10. IcSv ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°¬

26.7.11. hnI-k\ skan-\m¿

26.7.12. ]≤Xn AS-¶epw hI-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw Xocp-am-\n-°¬

26.7.13. t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬

26.7.14. t]mPIvSv ]cn-tim-[-\bpw taep-tZym-K-ÿ-\n¬ \n∂p≈ A\p-a-Xnbpw

26.7.15. ]≤Xn°v A¥na cq]w \¬I¬, `cWkanXn AwKoImcw

26.7.16. ]≤Xn°v `c-W-k-anXn AwKo-Imcw

26.7.17. ]≤Xn AwKo-Im-c-Øn\mbn ]≤Xn Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn°v ka¿∏n-°¬

26.7.18. Pn√m Bkq-XW kanXn AwKo-Imcw

26.7.19. AwKo-Imcw e`n-°mØ t]mP-Œp-Iƒ F¥v sNøpw?

26.7.20. t]mP-Œp-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°¬

26.7.21. t]mPIvSv t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ

26.8. ]tXyI ]≤XnIƒ

137

\nb-Xhpw \oXn-]q¿∆-I-hp-amb ]In-b-bn-eqsS ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ amXta P\-]-¶m-fnØw

Dd-∏m-°m\pw AXp-hgn kpXm-cy-Xbpw Imcy-£-a-Xbpw ssIh-cn-°m\pw Ignbq.

Xt±-i -cWÿm]-\-Øn-se GXm\pw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw tN¿∂v ]≤-Xnbpw t]mP-

IvSp-Ifpw Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ AXv hntI-µo-Ir-Xm-kq-X-W-am-IpIbn-√. ]≤Xn Imcy-£-a-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬

P\-ß-fp-sSbpw hnZvKv[-cp-sSbpw F√mw ]¶m-fnØw thWw. CXv Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v \nbXhpw \oXn-

]q¿∆-I-hp-amb Hcp ]Inb \n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ]InbbmIs´ hntI-µo-Ir-Xm-kq-X-W-Øns‚

XXzßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. \nb-Xhpw \oXn-]q¿∆-I-hp-amb ]Inb F∂m¬ \n›n-X-

amb \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ ]men°pI F∂m-W¿∞w. \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ ewLn-°p-∂Xpw NS-ßp-I-fmbn am‰p-

∂Xpw A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-µo-IcW-Øns‚ A¥:kØ°v FXn-cm-Wv.

26.1. ]≤Xn Bkq-XW am¿§-tcJ

Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ]¥≠mw ]©-h-’c ]≤Xn Bkq-X-W-Øn-\p≈ am¿§-tcJ 18.8.2012

se Pn.-H.(-Fw.-F-kv) \º¿ 225/12/Xkz-`h \º¿ DØ-chv ]Imcw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v. ]kvXpX

am¿§tcJ ]men-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

26.2. s]mXp-k-ao-]-\hpw ap≥K-W-\-Ifpw

]¶m-fnØ Bkq-X-W-Øn-eqsS ka-K-hn-I-k-\-amWv s]mXp kao-]-\w. hm¿Uv/Unhn-j≥ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ ≠v hoXw hbv°p-∂Xv hn`-h-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øns‚ e-]m-]vXnsb kmc-ambn _m[n°pw.

ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ : Dev]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bpsS ÿmbn-bmb hf¿®, ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-Ww, am\h hnI-k-

\w, PohnX KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Ø¬, tkh\KpW-ta∑ h¿≤-\-hv, kmaq-ly-\-o-Xn, BkvXn-I-fpsS

kwc-£-Ww.

26.3. hn -h-tkm-X- p-Iƒ

]Ww/^≠v amX-a√ hn`h-tkm-X- v, a\p-jy-hn- -hhpw ]IrXn hn -h-ß-fpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-

bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ian-°-Ww.

]≤-Xn-bn¬ hI-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ign-bp∂ ^≠p-Iƒ : hnI-k\ ^≠v (tem-I-_m¶v klmbw Dƒs∏-

sS), sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠v, tIµ-˛-kw-ÿm-\m-hn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ^≠v, hmbv]-Iƒ, a‰v Xt±-i-`-

cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hnln-Xw, KpW-t`m‡r hnln-Xw, k∂-≤-tk-h-\w, kw`m-h-\, Fw.-

F¬.-F. ^≠v, Fw.-]n. ^≠v apX-em-bh ][m\ ^≠v tkmX- p-I-fm-Wv.

26.4. \n¿_‘ hI-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ

Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h¿°v hnI-k\ ^≠n¬ \n∂v Bh-iy-amb XpI \n¿_-‘-ambpw Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-

Iƒ hI-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

• A¶-W-hmSn t]mj-Im-lmcw

• Fkv.-F-kv.-F. hnlnXw

26.5. hI-bn-cp-Ø¬ a‰v \n_-‘-\-Iƒ

• h\nXm LSI ]≤-Xn°v hnI-k\ ≠ns‚ 10% XpI

hI-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

• inip-°ƒ, hr≤¿-, imco-cn-I-˛-am-\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-

Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿ F∂n-h¿°pw ]men-tb-‰ohv sIb-

dn\pw IqSn hnI-k\ ^≠ns‚ 5% iX-am\w XpI hI-bn-cp-Ø-Ww.

]≤Xn Bkq-XWw1

138

26

• s]mXp-hn-`mKw ^≠ns‚ ]c-am-h[n 45% XpI amXta ]›m-Ø-e-ta-J-e°v hI-bn-cp-Øm-hq.

26.6. k_vknUn/[\-k-lmbw.

k_vkn-Un-Ifpw [\-k-lm-b-ßfpw AXv kw_-‘n®v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ ]tXyI am¿§-tc-J-°-\p-

kr-X-ambn amXta \¬Imhq (AXpkw_-‘n® am¿§-tcJ Pn.-H.(-Fw.-F-kv) \º¿ 248/12/Xkz-`h

XobXn 29.9.2012 Bbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v).

26.7. ]≤Xn Bkq-XW \S]SnIa-ßƒ.

26.7.1. πm≥ tImHm¿Un-t\-‰sd \n›-bn-°¬

]©m-b-Øm-ô-kn-tetbm LSI ÿm]-\-ß-fn-tebv°v bp.-Un. Ãm‰-kn¬ Ipd-bmØ Hcp DtZym-K-

ÿs\ πm≥ tImHm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn `c-W-k-anXn \n›-bn-°-Ww.

26.7.2. h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-fpsS cq]o-I-cWw

Irjn, arK-kw-c-£-Ww, BtcmKyw XpSßn F√m hnj-b-ta-J-e-Iƒ°pw, Fkv.kn., Fkv.-Sn., h\nX

XpSßn ]tXyI hn`m-K-ßƒ°pw h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-Iƒ cq]o-Icn-°Ww. ]≤Xn Bkq-X-W-Øn¬

\n¿Æm-bI ]¶mWv h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-Iƒ°v \nd-th-‰m-\p-≈-Xv. (cq-]o-I-cn-t°≠ h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-

fpsS hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ ]≤Xn Bkq-XW am¿§-tc-J-bn¬ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v).

26.7.3. Ahÿm hni-I-e\w

Hcp ]©m-bØv B ]©m-b-Ønse P\-ßƒ°pth≠n ]©-h’c ]≤-Xntbm hm¿jnI ]≤Xntbm

Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv BZyw sNtø-≠Xv F¥mWv? \ap°v F¥p≠v? F¥n√? F¥p-sIm≠v C√?

F¥p thWw? FX-th-Ww? B¿s°ms° thWw? Fhn-sS-sbms° thWw? Fßs\ t\Smw?

F∂o Imcy-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-I-bm-Wv. CsXm∂pw sNømsX Imcy-ßƒ Xocp-am-\n-®mtem? Dt±-in®

êw In´p-I-bn-√. Cu ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ imkvXo-b-ambpw Nn´-bmbpw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv Ahÿm

hni-I-e\w F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Ah-ÿm-hn-i-I-e-\-Øns‚ G‰hpw hni-Z-amb tcJ-bm-Wv hnI-k-\-tc-J. Hcp

]©-h’c ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbn Hmtcm Xt±i`cW

ÿm]-\hpw hnI-k\ tcJ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°Ww.

26.7.4. Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿ v

Hmtcm h¿jhpw hm¿jnI ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Hmtcm hnj-b-ta-Jebp-sSbpw Ahÿ

hni-I-e\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v Hmtcm h¿°nwKv Kq∏pw Hcp Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°-Ww. hni-Zmw-

i-ßƒ ]≤Xn Bkq-XW am¿§-tc-J-bpsS JWvUnI 11.3 epw A\p-_‘w 5(1) epw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿ńs‚ c≠mw `mK-ambn t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Xøm-dm-°-Ww.

IrXy-amb ÿnXn hnh-c-I-W-°p-I-fp-sSbpw imkvXo-b-amb hni-I-e-\-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xøm-

dm-°p∂ tcJ-bmWv Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿ v. CXns‚ IcSv h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\¿ Xøm-dm-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v tbmK-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿® sNbvXv A¥na dnt∏m¿ v B°Ww. h¿°nwKv Kq∏v AwKo-

I-cn® Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿ v ]©m-b-Øn\v \¬tI-≠Xpw tIm∏n I¨ho-\¿ kq£n-t°-≠-Xp-amWv.

26.7.5. IcSv t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm°nbtijw ap≥K-W\m am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ \n›-bn®v h¿°nwKv Kq∏v Xs∂

\n›nX t^m¿am-‰n¬ IcSv t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Xøm-dm-°-Ww-. AXv Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿ń¬ `mKw

c≠v Bbn Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

139

26.7.6. _m¶p-I-fp-am-bp≈ N¿®

hmbv]m km[y-I-fp≈ t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ _m¶p-I-fp-ambn N¿® sNø-Ww. CXn-\mbn ]tXyI

tbmKw hnfn-°-Ww.

26.7.7. tÃIv tlmƒU¿am-cpam-bp≈ N¿®-Iƒ

h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p∂ s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ tÃ°v tlmƒU¿amcp-ambn N¿®

sNøWw. Hmtcm h¿°nwKv Kq∏pw B hn-j-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ tÃ°v tlmƒU¿amcpsS tbmKw

hnfn®v IcSv s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ N¿®-°mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IcSv

s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. ]mS-ti-J-c-k-an-Xn-Iƒ, ]n.-Sn.-

F-.Iƒ, Bip-]Xn amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, k¿∆okv kwL-S-\-Iƒ, sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Iƒ, hym]mcn

kwLS\-Iƒ, k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, A\p-`h⁄m\hpw sshZ-Kv[y-hp-ap≈ hy‡n-Iƒ˛tÃIv

tlmƒU¿ N¿®-I-fn-te°v £Wn-°m-hp-∂-h¿°v Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßfmWnh.

BcmWv tÃ°v tlmƒU¿am¿?

Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ s]mXp Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ Bscbpw tÃ°v tlmƒU¿ F∂v

hnfn°mw. AXv Hcp hy‡n-bm-Imw. kwL-S-\-bm-Imw. t\cnt´m A√m-sXtbm

]tbm-P\w e`n-°p-∂-h-cm-Imw. shdpw A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£n-bm-Imw. A\p- -h-⁄m-

\-ap-≈-hcmImw. hnZ-Kv[-cm-Imw. k∂-≤-]-h¿Ø-I-cm-Imw.

26.7.8. IcSv s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Kma-k`mtbmK-ßƒ

P\-ßƒ°v Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ, ]iv\-ßƒ ap≥Ime ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifnse t]mcm-bva-Iƒ F∂nh

]d-bm\pw C\n F¥v thW-sa∂pw FhnsS thW-sa∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°m-\pap≈ thZn-bm-Wt√m Kma-

k-`. AXp-sIm≠v IcSv s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Ign-™-Ime ]≤Xn ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-

Ø¬ dnt∏m¿´pw Kma-k`bn¬ hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNø-Ww. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Gs‰-Sp-t°≠

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ap≥K-W\ Kma-k` Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw AXv an\n-Svkn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

• ]≤-Xn°v ]Xo-£n-°p∂ hn`h tkmX- p-Ifpw GI-tZiw AS-¶epw ]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-

°Ww.

• Hmtcm hnj-b-ta-J-e-°p≈ ]Xo-£nX hI-bn-cp-Ø¬ FX F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww.

• h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-fpsS s]mXp-tbmKw hnfn®v ta¬]d-™-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IcSv s]mPIvSv

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ Xømdm°m≥ \n¿t±in-°-Ww.

• Hmtcm h¿°nwKv Kq∏pw ka¿∏n-°p∂ IcSv s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ tImUo-I-cn-°-Ww. (C-Xn-

\mbn Hcp tIm¿ Soans\ ]©m-bØv \n›-bn®v Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww)

• tImUo-I-cn® IcSv s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ `cW kanXn ]cn-tim-[n® tijw A®-Sn-°-Ww.

(Km-a-k`-bn¬ hcp-∂-h¿s°√mw tIm∏n \¬IWw )

• ap≥h¿jsØ hchv˛sNehv IW°v (s]m-PIvSv Xncn-®v) Xøm-dm°n AXpw A®-Sn-°-Ww. (Km-

a-k-`-bn¬ hcp-∂-h¿s°√mw tIm∏n \¬IWw)

• Kma-k`-bn¬ h¿°nwKv Kq∏v ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Kq∏v N¿® \S-tØ≠Xp≠v. AXn\mbn Hmtcm

Kma-k`-bnepw Kq∏v N¿®Iƒ°v t\Xr-Xzw \¬tI≠ h¿°nwKv Kq∏v AwK-ßsf h¿-°nwKv

Kq∏v s]mXp-tbm-K-Øn¬ h®v \n›-bn-°-Ww.

• s]mXp Ah-XcWØn-\p≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°-Ww.

]≤Xn Bkq-XWw1

140

26

• kwLm-S\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bkq-XWw sNbvXv Npa-X-e-Iƒ G¬∏n°-Ww.

an\n‰vkpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw tbmK-Øn¬sh®v Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. Xocp-am-\-ßƒ hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-

°-Ww. CXns‚ Npa-Xe Kma-k`m tIm HmUn-t\-‰¿°mWv. Xocp-am-\-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-tijw

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, DtZym-K-ÿ¿ F∂n-hcpw Kma-k`-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h-cn¬ 10 ˛ 15 t]cpw AXn¬

H∏p-sh-bv°-Ww.

Hmtcm hnjb Kq∏n¬ \n∂pw hnI-k\ skan\m-dn-te°v ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°-Ww. CXv

πo\-dn-bn¬ hmbn®v AwKo-I-cn-°-Ww.

26.7.9. Kma-k`bv°p kam-\-amb tbmK-ßƒ (tªm°v Pn√m ]©mbØpIƒ°v)

(a) tªm°v ]©m-bØv

]≤Xn BkqXWhpambn _‘s∏´v Kma-k`bv°v kam-\-amb tbmKw tªm°v]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ

kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. AXn¬ tªm°v ]cn-[n-bnse Kma-˛-tªm-°v-˛-Pn√m ]©m-bØv P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ

]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

(b) Pn√m ]©m-bØv

Pn√m ]©m-bØns‚ Kma-k-`bv°p kam-\-amb tbmK-Øn¬ Kma ]©m-bØv ]kn-U-‚p-amcpw

tªm°v, Pn√m ]©m-bØv P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-amWv ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.

26.7.10. IcSv ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°¬

Hcp ]©m-b-Øns‚ ]≤Xn kw_-‘n® B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-bmWv ]≤-Xn-tc-J. AXns‚ IcSv Xøm-

dm-°p-∂-Xn\v kzoI-cn-t°≠ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

• Kma-k`m \n¿t±-i-ßƒ h¿°nwKv Kq∏pIƒ tImUo-I-cn-°-Ww.

• hnhn[ hnjbtaJ-e-Iƒ°p≈ hnlnXw ]©m-bØv \n›-bn-°-Ww.

• h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-fpsS s]mXp-tbmKw hnfn®v ImgvN-∏m-Sv, \b-k-ao-]-\w, hnI-k\ X¥-ßƒ, ap≥K-

W-\-Iƒ hI-bn-cp-Ø¬ F∂nh Adn-bn-°-Ww.

• CXns‚sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hmtcm h¿°nwKv Kq∏pw Ah-bpsS \n¿t±-i-ßƒ ]cn-jvI-cn®v

]©m-b-Øn\v \¬I-Ww.

• h¿°nwKv Kq∏v AwK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hcp tIm¿ Kq∏ns\ \n-›-bn®v IcSv ]≤-Xn-tcJ FgpXn Xøm-

dm-°m≥ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

• h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°nb Ãm‰kv dnt∏m¿´pIƒ, IcSp s]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ ]©m-

bØv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v IcSv ]≤-Xn-tcJ \n›nX LS-\-bnepw A≤ym-b-ß-tfm-

sSbpw tIm¿Kq∏v Xøm-dm-°Ww.

• IcSv ]≤Xn tcJ Xøm-dm-°n-bm¬ AXv A®-Sn-°-Ww. hnI-k\ skan-\m-dn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-

h¿°v \¬IWw.

26.7.11. hnI-k\ skan-\m¿

IcSv hnI-k\ tcJbpw IcSv ]≤-Xn-tc-Jbpw N¿® sNbvXv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

Hcp GI-Zn\ hnI-k\ skan-\m¿ kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]©m-b-Øns\ Hscm‰ bqWn-‰mbn I≠p-

sIm-≠mWv ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. Xøm-dm-°nb IcSv ]≤Xn A]-Im-c-amWv F∂pw kmaq-ly-\o-

Xn°pw kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\-Øn\pw DX-Ip-∂-XmWv F∂pw Dd∏p hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂

Imcy-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠Xp-≠v.

141

• s]mXp-hn-I-k\ ImgvN-∏mSpw Hmtcm hnj-b-ta-J-e-bp-sSbpw hnI-k-\-Im-gvN-∏mSpw Zo¿L ho£-

W-ap-≈Xpw bp‡n-k-l-hp-am-tWm?

• ImgvN-∏m-Sn\v A\p-k-cn-®mtWm \b-k-ao-]\w?

• hnI-k\ X¥-ßƒ ]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\v DX-Ip-∂-XmtWm?

• ImgvN-∏m-Sn\pw \b-k-ao-]-\-Øn\pw hnI-k\ X¥-Øn\pw ap≥K-W\m am\Z-WvU-ßƒ°pw A\p-

kr-X-am-bn-´p-≈-XmtWm \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-ń-´p≈ s]mP-IvSp-Iƒ?

• hy‡-amb am\-Z-WvU-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emtWm ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ \n›n-bn-®n-´p-≈Xv?

• kwtbm-P-\-˛-G-tIm-]\ km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏SpØnbn-´p-t≠m?

• Xøm-dm-°nb s]mP-IvSp-Iƒ \nb-am-\p-kr-Xhpw Imcy-£-ahpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amtWm?

• ap≥Ime s]mP-IvSp-I-fn-ep-≠mb hogvN-Ifpw t]mcm-bva-Ifpw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ian-®n-´p-t≠m?

ta¬∏-d™h ]cn-tim-[n®v ]≤Xn Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-°p∂Xn\v F√m ]©mbØpIfpw hnIk\ skan\m¿

kwLSn∏nt°≠XmWv. Kma-k-`-I-fn¬ \n∂v h∂ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ skan-\m-dn¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNø-Ww.

Kma-k-`bpw \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ tbmK-\-S-]-Sn-I-ahpw tcJ-Iƒ kq£n-t°≠ iahpw DNn-X-amb coXn-

bn¬ hn-I-k\ skan-\m-dn\pw Ah-ew-_n-°-Ww.

26.7.12. ]≤Xn AS-¶epw hI-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw Xocp-am-\n-°¬

[\-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-bpsS Xocp-am\w ]cn-K-Wn®v ]≤Xn AS-¶epw hnhn[ hnj-b-ta-J-e-

Iƒ°p≈ hI-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw `c-W-k-anXn \n›-bn-°-Ww.

26.7.13. t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬

i) F¥mWv t]mPŒv?

hnI-k\ ]iv\w ]cn-l-cn°p-∂-Xn\v ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \S-tØ-≠- hnhn-[-ß-fm-b ]h¿Ø\

LS-I-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°p∂ tcJ-bmWv t]mPŒv. t]mP-Œn¬, AXns‚ e£yw, KpW-t`m-‡m-

°ƒ, KpW-t`m‡r ]tZiw, ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, ]h¿Ø\ L´-ßƒ, ka-b-Iaw, [\-Im-cy-hn-i-

I-e\w F∂nh IrXy-ambn \n¿Æn-bn®ncn-°-Ww. AXm-bXv ÿe-Ime AXn¿Øn \n¿W-bn-

°m≥ Ign-bp∂ \nb-X-amb e£y-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb G‰hpw sNdnb Bkq-XW LS-I-amWv

t]mPIvSv.

ii) F¥n\mWv t]mPŒv?

Hcp ]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v As√-¶n¬ Hcp Bhiyw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v Ht´sd ]h-¿Ø-\-

ßƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-bn-h-cpw. \SØp∂ hnhn-[-ß-fmb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS BsI-Øp-I-bm-bn-cn-

°pw ssIh-cn-°p∂ t\´w.

Cßs\ \S-tØ≠ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v kmaqlnIhpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw kwLm-S-\-]chpw kmt¶-

Xn-Ihpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Ht´sd am\ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Ch-sb√mw ap≥Iqń ImWmsX

apt∂m-´p-t]m-bm¬ Nnet∏mƒ ]Xo-£n® t\´w In´msX hcmw. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ hn]-coX

êhpw D≠m-tb-°mw. kmºØnI \„hpw kmt¶XnI ˛ \nba ]iv\-ßfpw hcmw. CsX√mw

Hgn-hm°m≥ kq£vva-X-e-Øn¬ Imcy-ßƒ ]Tn®v, sNøm-\p≈ F√m Imcy-ßfpw hfsc IrXy-

ambn ap≥Iqń Xocp-am-\n® tijw Hcp t]mPIvSv Xømdm°nbm¬ Xo¿®bmbpw Dt±in® êw

In´pw.

]≤Xn Bkq-XWw1

142

26

iii) t]mPIvSpw ]≤-Xnbpw

Hcp hnI-k-\-ta-J-e-bnse (DZm: Btcm-Kyw) ]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ hnhn[ t]mP-

IvSp-Iƒ tN¿∂-XmWv Hcp kaK ]cn-]mSn (Programme). Cß-s\-bp≈ hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ

tN¿∂-XmWv ]≤Xn (Plan).

t]mPIvSv: 1. ]cn-]mSn 1

2. ]cn-]mSn 2 ]≤Xn (Plan)

3. ]cn-]mSn 3

4.

5.

iv) t]mPŒv Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv BcmWv?

sshZ-Kv[y-ap-≈-h¿t° t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°m≥ Ign-bq. ]©m-b-Øn¬ t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-

°m-\p≈ Npa-Xe h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-I-ƒ°m-Wvv. Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p≈ h¿°nwKv

Kq∏p-I-fmWv AXmXv hnjb taJ-e-bnse t]mP-Œp-Iƒ FgpXn Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. C°m-cy-Øn¬

_‘-s∏´ \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ\v hy‡n-]-c-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhap-≠v. t]mPIvSv Um‰m F≥Sn

\S-Øp-∂Xv \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿs‚ bqk¿ s\bnw, ]m vth¿Uv F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv.

_lph¿j t]mPIvSv

kmºØnItam kmt¶XnItam Bb ImcWßfm¬ H∂n-e-[nIw h¿j

ßƒsIm≠p amXw \n¿∆lWw ]q¿ØoIcn°m≥ Ignbp∂ t]mPIvSmWv

_lph¿j t]mPIvSv.

\n›nX t^md-ß-fn¬ t]mPŒv hnh-c-ßƒ Fgp-Xnbtijw, Fgp-Xnb Imcy-ßƒ Iºyq-´-dn¬

Um‰m F≥Sn \S-Øp-∂p. Um‰m F≥Sn sNbvXp Ign-™m¬ Iºyq-´¿ Aπn-t°-j-≥ hgn Xøm-

dm°p∂ t]mPŒv tcJ, ]n‚ vHu´v FSp-°mw. ]n‚ v-Hu´v FSpØv \n¿h-lW DtZym-K-ÿ≥ ]cn-tim-

[n®v Um‰m F≥Snbn¬ ]ni-Ip-I-fn-s√-∂pw, ]q¿W-am-sW-∂pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. AXn\ptijw amXw

taep-tZym-K-ÿs‚ AwKo-Im-c-Øn\v Ab-°p∂Xnte-°mbn ]©m-b-Øn\v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. (t]m-

P-IvSp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xns‚ hni-Zmw-i-ß-f-S-ßnb am¿§tcJ Pn.-H.(-Fw.-F-kv) \º¿ 233/12/Xkz-

`h XobXn 7.9.12 Bbn ]tXyIw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v).

kpteJ

Xt±i`cW ÿm]-\ßfpsS ]≤-Xnbpw t]mP-Œp-Ifpw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

C≥^¿ta-j≥ tIcf anj≥ hnIkn∏ns®-Sp-Øn- p≈ Iºyq- ¿ Aπn-t°-j≥

tkm v‰vshb-dmWv kpte-J. Cu Aπn-t°-j≥ tkm v‰v shb¿ D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

\n¿ΩmW ]hrØn-I-fpƒs∏-Sp∂ t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ hni-Z-amb FÃn-ta‰pw (Uo-t‰-

bn¬Uv FÃn-ta‰v) Xøm-dm-°-Ww. FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v kpKa Iºyq-´¿ Aπn-t°-j≥ D]-

tbm-K-s∏-SptØ≠Xm-Wv.

143

kpKa

\n¿ΩmW ]hr-Øn-I-fpsS FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn C≥^¿ta-j≥

tIcf anj≥ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØn´p≈ Iºyq-´¿ Aπn-t°-j≥ tkm^v‰v

shbdmWv kpK-a. Cu Aπn-t°-j≥ tkm v‰v shb¿ aptJ\ FÃn-ta‰v Xøm-

dm°n t]mP-Œn-t\m-sSm∏w ka¿∏n-t°≠-Xm-Wv.

v) t]mPŒv Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ßƒ

1) \S-Øm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]h¿Ø\w/]cn-]mSn ]©m-b-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

2) ]≤Xn cq]o-I-cW am¿§\n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-®n-cn-°-Ww.

3) k_vknUn \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-®n-cn-°-Ww.

4) kmt¶-Xn-I- ta∑ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. (km-t¶-XnI ]cn-tim-[\/]T\w thW-sa-¶n¬ ap≥Iqń \S-

Ø-Ww)

5) kmº-Øn-I-ambn hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

6) ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

7) \nb-am-\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-°Ww

8) BkvXn-I-fpsS XpS¿ \S-Øn∏pw kwc-£-Whpw Dd∏p hcp-Ø-Ww.

9) sNdpXpw ê-]m]vXn Ipd™Xpambh Ign-hXpw Gs‰-Sp-°-cpXv

10) hn`h-ß-fpsS t\cn-b-tXm-Xn-ep≈ hn\ymkw Hgn-hm-°-Ww.

kv]n¬ Hmh¿ t]mPIvSv

AwKoImcw e`n® Hcp t]mPIvSv \n¿±njvS kmºØnI h¿jw ]q¿Øo

Icn°m≥ IgnbmsX ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØnte°v \n¿∆lWw

\ofp∂psh¶n¬ AXv kv]n¬ Hmh¿ t]mPIvSmWv

26.7.14. t]mPIvSv ]cn-tim-[-\bpw taep-tZym-K-ÿ-\n¬ \n∂p≈ A\p-a-Xnbpw

Hmtcm \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿ\pw Xøm-dm-°p∂ t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ taep-tZym-K-ÿ≥ ]cn-tim-[n®v

AwKo-Imcw \¬I-Ww. t]mP-IvSp-I-fpsS ]cn-tim-[-\, ]≤Xn AwKo-Imc \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kw_-‘n®

hni-Z-amb am¿§-tcJ Pn.-H.(-Fw.-F-kv.) \º¿ 243/12/Xkz-`h XobXn 24.9.2012 Bbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-

≠v. t]mPIvSv AwKo-Imc \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hm¨sse≥ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-emWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

26.7.15. ]≤Xn°v A¥na cq]w \¬I¬, cWkanXn AwKoImcw

hnIk\ skan\mdn\ptijw Xmsg ]dbpw ]Imcw IΩn‰nIƒ \SØp∂ ]h¿Ø\

ßfneqsSbmWv ]≤Xn°v A¥nacq]w \¬Ip∂Xpw `cWkanXn AwKoIcn°p∂Xpw.

i) Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n-Iƒ:

Hmtcm Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰nbpw Xßƒ ssIImcyw sNtø≠ hnj-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ h¿°nwKv

Kq∏p-I-fpsS tbmKw hnfn®v, Ah¿ Xøm-dm-°nb t]mP-Œp-Iƒ kq£va-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p;

A¥n-a-ambn ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠ t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xocp-am-\n-°p∂p. AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-∂p. hnI-

k\ Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n ]≤-Xn-tc-Jbpw t]mP-IvSp-Ifpw A¥n-a-ambn Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

]≤Xn Bkq-XWw1

144

26

ii) Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn-‰n-:˛

]©m-bØv \n›-bn® s]mXp Imgv®∏mSns‚ ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ°v A\p-kr-X-ambn ]≤-Xn°v A¥n-a-

cq]w \¬Ip-∂p, t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p.

26.7.16. ]≤Xn°v c-W-k-anXn AwKo-Imcw

]≤-Xn°v `cW kanXn \¬Ip∂ AwKo-Im-c-amWv AXn¬ Dƒs∏-ń-´p≈ t]mP-Œp-Iƒ°p≈ `c-

Wm-\p-a-Xn.

Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIfpsS Xocpam\Øns‚bpw Ãnb-dnwKv IΩn-‰n -bnse [mc-W-I-fp-sSbpw

ASnÿm\Øn¬ ]≤-Xn-bpsS AS-¶¬, tkmX- p-Iƒ, taep-tZym-K-ÿ-\n¬ \n∂v AwKo-Imcw e`n®

t]mPIvSpIƒ (Hmtcm∂pw) F∂nh hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNbvX-tijw ]≤-Xn°v `cWkanXn A¥na

AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-∂p.

26.7.17. ]≤Xn AwKo-Im-c-Øn\mbn ]≤Xn Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn°v ka¿∏n-°¬

]≤-Xn°v A¥na AwKo-Imcw `c-W-k-anXn \¬In-°-gn-™m¬ ]≤Xn AwKo-Imc \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

kw_-‘n® am¿§-tc-J-bn¬ \n¿t±-in® ]Im-c-ap≈ tcJ-Iƒ klnXw Hm¨sse-\mbn ]≤Xn Un.-

]n.-kn.°v ka¿∏n-°p∂p (lm¿Uv tIm∏n-Iƒ ka¿∏n-t°-≠h A]-Imchpw A√m-Øh Hm¨sse-

\mbpw) Un.-]n.-kn.°v th≠n Pn√m πm\nwKv Hmô-kn-emWv Ch ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xv.

26.7.18. Pn√m Bkq-XW kanXn AwKo-Imcw

Pn√m πm\nwKv Hmô-kn¬ ]≤Xn e`n-®p-I-gn-™m¬ Ahn-sS-\n∂pw AP-≠m-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm°n

AXpklnXw ka¿∏n-°-s∏´ ]≤Xn Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn apºmsI ka¿∏n°p∂p. Pn√m πm\nwKv

Hmôkv Xøm-dm-°p∂ AP≠m°p-dn∏v, ]©m-bØv ka¿∏n® tcJ-Iƒ F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v ]≤-

Xn°v Pn√m Bkq-XW kanXn AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-∂p. ]≤Xn AwKo-Im-c-tØm-sSm∏w ]≤-Xn-bn¬

Dƒs∏- n- p≈Xpw taep-tZym-K-ÿ-cpsS A\p-aXn e`n-®n- p-≈-Xp-amb t]mP-Œp-Iƒ°pw AwKo-Imcw e`n-

°p-∂p. GsX-¶nepw t]mP-Œn\v AwKo-Imcw \¬In-bn-ń-s√-¶n¬ A°mcyw Un.-]n.-kn. s]mko-Unw-

Kvkn¬ ]tXyIw ImWn-®n-cn-°pw.

Pn√m Bkq-XW kan-Xn-bpsS AwKo-Imcw e`n® t]mP-Œp-Iƒ amXta

]©mbØp-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°m≥ ]mSp-≈q.

26.7.19. AwKo-Imcw e`n-°mØ t]mP-Œp-Iƒ F¥v sNøpw?

Ah A]m-I-X-Iƒ Xo¿Øv AwKo-Im-c-tbm-Ky-am°n ho≠pw ka¿∏n-°mhp-∂tXm ]Icw ]pXnb

t]mP-Œp-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n AwKo-Im-c-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°m-hp-∂tXm BWv.

26.7.20. t]mP-Œp-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°¬

Un.-]n.-kn. AwKo-Imcw e`n® F√m t]mP-Œp-Ifpw \S-∏n-em-°mw. F∂m¬ \n¿ΩmW ]hr-Øn-

Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ t]mP-Œm-sW-¶n¬ kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn IqSn hmßn-b-ti-jta \S-∏n-em-°m-hq. \n¿ΩmW

]hrØn Dƒs∏-Sp∂ GsXmcp t]mP-IvSn\pw e`n-t°≠ A\p-a-Xn-bmWv kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-a-Xn.

26.7.21. t]mPIvSv t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ

c≠p-X-c-Øn¬ t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ Bh-iy-ambn hcpw

1) Hcp t]mP-Œns‚ e£y-Øntem KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fntem ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fntem am‰w Bh-iy-am-b-Xp-

sImt≠m As√-¶n¬ hI-bn-cp-Ønb XpI A]-cym-]-X-am-b-Xp-sImt≠m Hcp t]mPŒv t`Z-KXn

sNtø-≠n-h-cpw.

145

Un.-]n.-kn.-Aw-Ko-Imcw e`n® Hcp t]mPŒv \n¿h-lW DtZym-K-ÿ≥ kzbw

t`Z-KXn hcp-Øntbm ]©m-bØv Xocp-am\ ]Imcw t`Z-KXn hcp-Øntbm

\S∏nem°m≥ ]mSn-√. t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ°v Un.-]n.-kn. AwKo-Imcw IqSn Bh-iy-

am-Wv.

Cßs\ Bh-iy-ambn h∂m¬ t]mPŒv t`Z-KXn hcpØn `cW kanXn Xocp-am\w klnXw

taep-tZym-K-ÿ\v ka¿∏n®v A\p-aXn t\Sn-b-tijw Un.-]n.-kn.°v ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw, Un.-]n.-kn.

AwKo-Imcw e`n® tijw amXw \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNømw. Hcp \n¿ΩmW ]hr-Øn-bn¬ hcp-

tØ≠ am‰w aqe-ap-≠m-Ip∂ t`Z-K-Xn-bmsW-¶n¬ FÃn-ta‰v dnsshkv sNbvXv ]pXp-°nb kmt¶-

Xn-Im-\p-aXn hmßn-b-ti-j-am-bn-cn-°Ww Un.-]n.kn.°v ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xv.

2) AwKo-Imcw e`n® Hcp t]mPŒv \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v B t]mPŒv Dt]-

£n®v B XpI°v ]Icw a‰v t]mP-Œp-Iƒ FSp-t°-≠-Xmbn hcmw. Cßs\ th≠nh∂m¬ `c-W

k-anXn Xocp-am-\- ]-Imcw ]Icw ]pXnb t]mPŒv Xøm-dm-°p-Itbm \nehn¬ AwKo-Imcw e`n®

t]mP-Œn¬ XpI h¿≤n-∏n®v t`Z-KXn hcp-Øp-Itbm sNømw. c≠m-bmepw taep-tZym-Kÿs‚ A\p-

a-Xnbpw Un.-]n.-kn. AwKo-Im-chpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. AwKo-Imcw e`n® Hcp t]mPIvSv Hcp XhW

amXta t`Z-KXn hcp-Øm≥ Ign-bq. Unkw-_¿ 31 \ptijw t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.

26.8. ]tXyI ]≤XnIƒ

Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ]tXyI ]≤-Xn-Iƒ ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

• ]tXyI LSI ]≤Xn (SCP)

• ]ń-I-h¿§ D]-]-≤Xn (TSP)

• h\nXm LSI ]≤Xn (WCP)

• inip-°ƒ, hr≤¿, am\-kn-I-˛-im-co-cnI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿ F∂n-h¿°v Hmtcm hn`m-K-

Øn\pw ]tXyI ]≤Xn

• Zmcn-Zy-\n¿Ωm¿÷\ D]-]-≤Xn (B-ib Dƒs∏-sS)

• BkvXn kwc-£-W-˛-]-cn-]m-e\ ]≤Xn

ta¬-∏-d™ ]tXyI ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ am¿§-tc-J-bn¬ \¬In-bn-

´p≠v.

]≤Xn Bkq-XWw1

146

26

BkvXn ]cn-]m-e\w

27

27.1. ]k‡n

27.2. \nb-a-]-c-amb _m[y-X-Iƒ

27.3. BkvXn-I-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv

27.4. BkvXn B¿÷n-°epw Isøm-gn-°epw

27.5. BkvXn cPn-k-‰¿

27.6. sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠pw BkvXn kwc-£-Whpw

27.7. BkvXn kwc-£-W-˛-]-cn-]m-e\ ]≤Xn (sa-bn‚-\≥kv πm≥)

27.1. ]k‡n

GsXmcp ÿm]-Øn-t‚bpw \ne-\n-ev]n\v A\n-hmcyambn A\p-h¿Øn-t°≠ Hcp [¿Ω-am-Wv B

ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-b-hn[w BkvXn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°p-I, B¿Pn® BkvXn-Iƒ

Imcy-£-a-ambn ]cn-]m-en-°p-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ][m-\-

amWv D]-tbm-KclnX-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw AXv kwc-£n®p t]mcp-∂Xv Hcp _m[y-X-bmbn am‰p-Ibpw

sNøp-tºmƒ AØcw BkvXn-Iƒ ssItøm-gn-bpI F∂Xv Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-

S-tØmfw C°m-cy-ßƒ Gsd ]k-‡-am-Wv. ImcWw AX-tbsd BkvXn-I-fmWv Hmtcm Xt±-i-`-cW

ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚bpw DS-a-ÿ-X-bnepw ta¬t\m-´-Ønepw \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep-ap-≈-Xv. Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-

Iƒ°m-sW-¶n¬ as‰mcp khn-ti-jX IqSn-bp-≠v. s]mXp-ÿ-e-ßƒ ssItø‰w sNø-s∏-SmsX kwc-

£n-°p-I, ]c-º-cm-KX IpSn-sh≈ tkmX- p-Iƒ kwc-£n-°p-I, Ipf-ßƒ, Pe-kw-`c-Wn-Iƒ, Kma-]-

©m-b-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-bnep≈ Pe-am¿§-ßƒ, I\m-ep-Iƒ F∂nh kwc-£n-°pI XpS-ßn-b-hsb√mw

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS A\n-hmcy Npa-X-e-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

27.2. \nb-a-]-c-amb _m[y-X-Iƒ

]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Ønse 5˛mw hIp∏v ]Imcw Hcp ]©m-b-Øn\v PwK-atam ÿmh-ctam Bb

hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ B¿÷n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ssIhiw sh°p-∂-Xn\pw ssIam‰w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw D≈ £aX

AXn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 178˛mw hIp-∏-\p-k-cn®v ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v ÿmhc kzØp-°ƒ B¿÷n-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-am-Wv.

2005 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (hkvXp B¿÷n-°epw Isøm-gn-°-epw) N´ßƒ, hkvXp B¿÷n-

°p-∂-Xn\pw Isøm-gn-°-en-\p-ap≈ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ F∂nh hni-Z-am-°p-∂p.

147

27.3. BkvXn-I-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS BkvXn-Isf aq∂mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

(i) ]mc-º-cy-˛-km-aqly BkvXn-Iƒ

]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSv ]Imcw Xmsg ]d-bp-∂h Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS BkvXn-Ifpw Ah

kwc-£n-t°≠ Npa-Xe Kma-]-©m-b-Øn-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

F) Kma-]-©m-bØv `q]-tZ-i-Øn-\p-≈nse a‰v hnt√Pv tdmUp-Iƒ, ]mX-Iƒ, hgn-Iƒ, AXn-t\mSv

tN¿∂p≈ Agp°v Nmep-Iƒ, Iep-¶p-Iƒ, s]mXp-ÿ-e-ßƒ (h-Ip∏v 169).

_n) \m´m-Nmc ]Imcw Kma-hm-kn-I-fpsS s]mXp-h-I-bm-bn-´p-≈tXm Iq´mbn ssIhiw h®n-cn-°p-

∂tXm Bb kztØm hcp-amt\m (h-Ip∏v 171).

(kn) Pe am¿§-ßƒ (k¿°m¿ Kk‰v hn⁄m]\w hgn \n¿t±-in® \Zn-IsfmgnsI) \Zn-I-fp-sS XS-

ßƒ, Xoc-ßƒ, sNdp-]p-g-Iƒ, Nmep-Iƒ, XSm-I-ßƒ, Imb-ep-Iƒ, Pe-am¿§-ßƒ, Pe-tkm-X-

p-Iƒ, \ocp-d-h-Iƒ, Pe-kw- -c-Wn-Iƒ, Ipf-ßƒ, \o¿Ø-S-ßƒ, Pe-[m-c-Iƒ, Im∏p-Iƒ, Ãm‰kv

ss]∏p-Iƒ, a‰v Pe-kw-`c-Wn-Iƒ apX-em-bh (h-Ip∏v 218).

(Un) k¿°m-cns‚ A[o-\-X-bn-ep≈ ]pdw-t]m°v `qan (ta-®n¬ ÿe-ßƒ, ivaim-\-ßƒ, h≠n-Øm-

hf-ßƒ apX-em-b-h) (h-Ip∏v 279).

(ii) B¿÷nX BkvXn-Iƒ

1997-˛98 \v ap≥]v kzbm¿÷nX hcp-am-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw 1997˛98 \v tijw kzbm¿÷nX hcp-am-\-Øn-

eq-sSbpw A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-WsØ XpS¿∂v kwÿm\ k¿°m-cn¬ \n∂pw tIµ-k¿°m-cn¬

\n∂pw e`n® hnhn[ Km‚p-Iƒ, ^≠p-Iƒ F∂nh D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw B¿Pn® Ht´sd BkvXn-

Iƒ Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-ep-≠v. Cßs\ B¿÷n-®-h-bn¬ ÿmh-chpw PwK-a-a-hp-amb

BkvXn-I-fp-≠v. ÿmhc BkvXn-I-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏-´h Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

• amen\y kwkvI-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´h (h-Ip∏v 219)

• s]mXp am¿°-‰p-Iƒ (h-Ip∏v 221)

• Cd°v ÿe-ßƒ, _kv Ãm‚ v (h-Ip∏v 227)

• Iim∏v ime-Iƒ (h-Ip∏v 229)

• ivaim-\-ßƒ

• Pe-hn-X-cW kwhn-[m-\w, Agp°pNm¬ (h-Ip∏v 234 kn) 5˛mw hIp-∏n¬ ]d™ Npa-X-e-I-fpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ B¿÷n® BkvXn-Iƒ (Hm- okv sIń-S-ßƒ, tjm∏nwKv tImwπ-Ivkp-Iƒ, Adhv

ime-Iƒ, am¿°‰v Ãmfp-Iƒ, Iw^¿´v tÃj-\p-Iƒ, hyh-kmb sjUp-Iƒ, BUn-t‰m-dn-b-ßƒ,

kmwkvIm-cnI \ne-b-ßƒ, tdmUp-Iƒ, _kvÃm‚p-Iƒ, shbv‰nwKv sjUp-Iƒ tÃUnbw apX-em-

b-h)

PwKa hkvXp-°-fn¬ ][m-\-am-bh

tamt´m¿ hml-\-ßƒ, t_m´p-Iƒ, h≈-ßƒ, Im¿jn-tIm-]-I-c-W-ßƒ, SmIvS-dp-Iƒ, Iºyq-´-dp-

Iƒ, sImbvØv ˛ saXn-b-¥-ßƒ, kvt]b-dpIƒ, ]ªnIv AU v knÃw, Iºyq-´-dp-Iƒ, t^mt´m

tIm∏n-b-dp-Iƒ, IymjvsN-Ãv, ^nUvPp-Iƒ, sSen-hn-j≥, F¬.-kn.-Un. t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ, tdmUv tdmf¿,

tImÏo‰v anIvknwKv πm‚ v, ipNo-I-cW D]-I-c-W-ßƒ apX-em-b-h

BkvXn ]cn-]m-e\w1

148

27

(iii) ssIam-dn-°n-ńb BkvXn-Iƒ

]©m-bØv cmPv BIvSnse 166˛mw hIp∏v (6) D]-h-Ip∏v ]Imcw ssIam‰w sNbvXn-´p≈ BkvXn-

Iƒ (18.09.1995 se Pn.-H. (]n) \º¿ 189/95/Xkz-`h DØ-chv aptJ-\bpw XpS¿∂v AXns‚ XpS¿®-

bmbn D≠mb a‰v DØ-c-hp-I-fn-eq-sS-bp-amWv BkvXn-Iƒ ssIam‰w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv.

27.4. BkvXn B¿÷n-°epw Isøm-gn-°epw

2005 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv (hkvXp B¿÷n-°epw Isøm-gn-°-epw) N´-ßƒ ]men-®p-sIm-≠m-

bn-cn-°-Ww. hkvXp-°ƒ B¿÷n-°p-∂Xpw Isøm-gn-°p-∂-Xpw.

hkvXp B¿÷n-°¬ coXn-Iƒ

1. `qan hne-bvs°-Sp-°¬ BIvSv ]Imcw hkvXp B¿÷n°¬

2. D`b k-ΩX ]Im-c-ap≈ hkvXp B¿÷n-°¬

hkvXp Isøm-gn-b¬ coXn-Iƒ

1. hnev]\ hgn-bp≈ ssIam‰w

2. ssek≥kn-t∑¬/Icm-dn-t∑¬ hmS-Ibvt°m ]´-Ønt\m \¬I¬

• IS-ap-dn-Iƒ, _¶p-Iƒ, Ãmfp-Iƒ apX-em-bh hmS-Ibvt°m ]m´-Ønt\m \¬Ip-tºmƒ Fkv.-

kn., Fkv.-‰n. hn`m-K-°m¿°v 10 iX-am-\hpw hnI-emw-K¿°v 3 iX-am-\hpw kwhcWw sNbvXn-

cn-°-Ww-

• hnev]\, ]m´-Øn\v \¬I¬,- hm-S-Ibv°v sImSp-°¬ F-∂nh ]cky teetam, sS≠tdm

apJm-¥n-c-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

• k¿°m¿ ]©m-b-Øn\v ssIam-dn-b- hkvXp ssIam‰w sNøm≥ ]mSn-√.

(hn-iZ hnhcßƒ°v ta¬]-d™ N´-ßƒ ImWp-I)

27.5. BkvXn cPn-k-‰¿

Hcp Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-X-bnepw \nb-¥-W-Ønepw ta¬t\m´-Øn-ep-ap≈ apgp-h≥ ÿmh-

c-˛-Pw-Ka BkvXn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm°n kq£n-t°-≠Xv B

Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ Npa-X-ebpw _m≤y-X-bp-am-Wv. amX-a√ ]pXnb BkvXn-Iƒ B¿÷n-°p-tºmgpw

\ne-hn-ep-≈h Isøm-gn-bp-tºmgpw \ne-hn-ep-≈-h-bn¬ t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-Øp-tºmgpw AØcw am‰ßƒ

BkvXn cPn-Ã-dn¬ AXmXv kabw hcp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv. (k-Nn-X Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm^v‰v shb¿ D]-

tbm-Kn-®mWv \nehn¬ C°m-cy-ßƒ sNøp-∂-Xv). BkXn cPn-Ã¿ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v \n›nX amXrI

k¿°m¿ \n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v. AXp-]-Imcw Hcp Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v 4 BkvXn cPn-Ã-dp-Ifpw 4

cPn-Ã-dp-I-fn-embn 10 t^md-ßfpw Xmsg ]dbpw ]Imcw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ 1

t^mdw 1 `qan ˛ t^mdw 1 s\ F,-_n,-kn,-Un,-C,F^v,Pn F∂n-ßs\ 7 D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p. Ah ]ńI 8 ¬ sImSp-°p-∂p.

]ńI 8 : BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ ˛ t^mdw 1 `qan

F _n kn Un C F v Pn

am¿°-‰p-Iƒ _kvÃm‚p-Iƒ Iim∏p ime-Iƒ ivaim-\-ßƒ ih-∏-d-ºp-Iƒ a‰p-≈h ]pd-tºm°v `qan

149

t^mdw 2 sIń-S-ßƒ t^mdw c≠v ]ńI 9 ¬ 5 D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p∂p

]ńI 9 : BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ ˛ t^mdw 2 sIń-S-ßƒ

F _n kn Un C

am¿°-‰n-se- _ v Ãm‚nse Iim∏v ime-bnse ivaim-\-Ønse a-‰p≈

sI- n-S-ßƒ sIń-S-ßƒ sIń-S-ßƒ sIń-S-ßƒ sIń-S-ßƒ

t^mdw 9 ˛ Nh¿ kwkvI-cWw

BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ 2

t^mdw 3 ˛ tdmUp-Iƒ

t^mdw 4 ˛ sebn-\p-Iƒ

t^mdw 5 ˛ Iep-¶p-Ifpw ]me-ßfpw

BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ 3

t^mdw 6 ˛ IpSn-sh≈w

t^mdw 7 ˛ Pe-tk-N\w

t^mdw 8 ˛ sshZypXn

BkvXn cPn-Ã¿ 4

t^mdw 10 ˛ PwKa hkvXp-°ƒ

(hn-i-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v Pn.-H. (Fw.-F-kv.)-\w. 363/2005/X.-kz.-`.h. XnøXn 2.12.2005, k¿°p-e¿ \º¿

58608/Un..-_n.2/2009/Xkz-`h XnøXn 13.01.2010 F∂nh ImWp-I)

kNnX

Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS BkvXn cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

sF.-sI.-Fw. hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm v‰v shb¿ BWv

kNnX

27.6. sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠pw BkvXn kwc-£-Whpw

A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-WsØ XpS¿∂v Xt±i kzbw `cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v ssIamdnbn-´p≈

BkvXn-Iƒ kwc-£n-t°-≠Xpw ]cn-]m-en-t°-≠Xpw AXmXv Xt±i`cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Npa-X-e-

bm-Wv. Cu Npa-Xe \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-te-bv°mbn kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ _P-‰n¬ hI-bn-cpØn Xt±i

`cW ÿm\-]-ßƒ°v sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠v \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠v c≠v hn`m-K-ß-fm-

bmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. tdmUv BkvXn-I-fpsS sabn‚-\≥kn-\p≈ ^≠v, tdmUv CXc BkvXn-I-fpsS

sabn‚-\≥kn-\p≈ ^≠v F∂n-h-bmWv c≠v hn`m-K-ßƒ. sabn‚-\≥kv ^≠ns‚ hn\n-tbmKw

kw_-‘n® hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v 9.12.2004 se Pn.-H. (Fw.-F-kv.) \º¿ 330/2004 Xkz- h DØ-chv ImWpI.

27.7. BkvXn kwc-£-W- -]-cn-]m-e\ ]≤Xn (sa-bn‚-\≥kv πm≥)

Hmtcm Xt±i `cW ÿm]-\hpw ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w BkvXn kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn

Hcp ]tXyI ]≤Xn Xøm-dm°n ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v ]≤Xn Bkq-XW am¿§-tcJ

\njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. kzbm¿÷nX BkvXn-Iƒ, ssIam-dn-°n-ńb BkvXn-Iƒ, kmaqly BkvXn-Iƒ

F∂nhbpsS-sb√mw kwc-£Ww ]cn-]m-e\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Dƒs∏-´-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww Cu ]tXyI

]≤-Xn. ]≤Xn Bkq-XW am¿§-tc-J-bpsS (Pn.-H. (Fw.-F-kv) \º¿ 225/2012 Xkz- h Xn-øXn 18.08.2012)

A\p-_‘w 1 JfinI 17, A-\p-_‘w 9 (1) JfinI 11 F∂n-h-bn¬ BkvXn kwc-£W ]≤Xn

(sa-bn‚-\≥kv πm≥) Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

BkvXn ]cn-]m-e\w1

150

27

kmaq-ly-t£a s]≥j-\p-Ifpw t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw

28

28.1. I¿j-I-sØm-gn-emfn s]≥j≥

28.2. Cµn-cm-Km‘n tZiob hm¿≤y-Iy-Ime s]≥j≥ (IGNOAP)

28.3. hn[-h-Iƒ°pw hnhml tamNn-X-cmb h\n-X-Iƒ°p-ap≈ AKXn s]≥j≥

28.4.hnI-emwK s]≥j≥

28.5. 50 hb v Ign™ Ahn-hm-ln-X¿°p≈ s]≥j≥

28.6. sXmgn¬ clnX thX\w

28.7. km[p-°-fmb hn[-h-I-fpsS s]ä-°-fpsS hnhml [\-k-lmbw

28.8. s]mXp-hmb hyh-ÿ-Iƒ

hnhn[ hIp-∏p-I-fn¬ ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp∂ ]e kmaq-ly-t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw 1994 se ]©m-

bØv cmPv \nbasØØp-S¿∂v Xt±-i-kzbw`cW ÿm]-\-ß-sf Gev]n®v \S-∏n-em°n hcp-∂p-≠v.

A]-Im-c-ap≈ B kmaq-ly-t£a ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xmsg tN¿°p∂p:

1. I¿j-I-sØm-gn-emfn s]≥j≥

2. tZiob hm¿≤-Iy-Ime s]≥j≥

3. hn[-h-Iƒ°pw hnhml tamNn-X-cmb h\n-X-Iƒ°p-ap≈

AKXn s]≥j≥

4. hnI-emwK s]≥j≥

5. 50 hb v Ign™ Ahn-hm-ln-X¿°p≈ s]≥j≥

6. sXmgn¬ clnX thX\w

7. km[p-°-fmb hn[-h-I-fpsS s]ä-°-fpsS hnhml [\-

k-lmbw

28.1. I¿j-I-sØm-gn-emfn s]≥j≥

• 1998-˛se tIcf I¿jI sXmgn-emfn s]≥j≥ N´-ßƒ, G.O.(P) 18/98/ sXmgn¬ hIp∏v XobXn

16.4.1998, 13.12.11˛se G.O.(MS)60/11 km.-t£.-h. DØ-chv. Cu DØ-chv ]Imcw 400 cq] hoXw ]Xn-

amkw s]≥j≥ \evInhcp-∂p.

151

• A¿lX: IpSpw_ hm¿jnI hcp-am\ ]cn[n 11,000 I (A-t]-£n-

°p∂ BfpsS `mcy/`¿Øm-hv, ]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-hcpw Ahn-hm-

ln-X-cp-amb Bä-°ƒ F∂n-h-cpsS hcp-am\w IqSn IW-°m-°Ww.

• ]mbw ˛ Adp-]Xv hb- v XnI-™n-cn-°-Ww.

• tbmKyX ˛

At]-£-I≥ 10 h¿j-ambn qhp-S-a-I-fpsS Irjn-`q-an-bn¬ Iqen

hmßn I¿j-I-hrØn sNøp-∂-hcpw ][m-\-ambpw B Iqensb

Bi-bn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb I¿j-I-sØm-gn-emfn Bbn-cn-°-

Ww.

XpS¿®-bmbn 10 h¿j-sa-¶nepw tIc-f-Øn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-ap-≈-

h-cm-I-Ww.

1974-˛se I¿j-I-sØm-gn-emfn t£a-\n[nbn¬ 1.1.2002 apX¬ AwK-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

hm¿≤-Iyhpw/imco-cnI Zu¿∫-eyhpw aqew tPmen sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-

fn°pw as‰√m hn[-Ønepw tbmKy-X-bp-s≠-¶n-¬ s]≥j\v A¿l-X-bp-≠v.

i) A¿lX C√m-Ø-h¿

• 1951-˛se tXm´w sXmgn-emfn \nb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp∂ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Cu ]≤Xn

_m[-I-a-√.

• At]-£-I≥ hr≤-¿t°m/tcmKm-Xp-c¿t°m th≠n \S-Øp∂ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-Øn¬

Ign-bp∂ Bfm-h-cp-Xv.

• tIµ-˛-kw-ÿm\ k¿°m-cn¬ \nt∂m Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \nt∂m [\-k-lmbw

ssI∏-‰p-∂-h-cm-I-cp-Xv. (£-bw, IpjvTw, Im≥k¿ tcmKn-°p≈ [\-k-lmbw Hgn-sI)

• s]≥j-W¿ acn-®mtem 2 amk-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ XpI ssI∏-‰m-Xn-cp-∂tem \n¿Ø-em-°pw.

ii) At]£ ka¿∏n-t°≠ hn[w

• \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ 2 tIm∏n skI-ń-dnbv°v (t^mw \º¿ 2˛¬) ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w lmP-cm-t°≠ tcJ-Iƒ

• hnt√Pv Hmô-k-dn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\ k¿ń- n-°‰v

• acn® s]≥j≥Im-cs‚ acWw hsc-bp≈ IpSn-»nI e`n-°m≥ Xl-kn¬Zm-

cn¬ \n∂pw e`n® Ah-Imi k¿ń- n-°‰v lmP-cm-°-Ww. s]≥j-W¿

acn-®m¬ acWw \S∂ amkw hsc-bp≈ IpSn-»nI Ah-Im-in°v k¿ń- n-

°-‰ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \evImw. G.O.(P)201/2000 sXm.h.XobXn

14.3.2000. 1500 cq] hsc hnt√Pv Hmô-k¿. AXn\p ta¬ Xl-kn¬Zm¿

G.O.(P)54/06 sXm.h. XobXn 14.8.06.

• hb v sXfn-bn-°m≥ ]≈n k¿ń- n-°‰v/kvIqƒ k¿ń- n-°‰v/P\\ k¿ń-

^n-°‰v/ sXc-s™-Sp∏v IΩo-js‚ Xncn-®-dn-b¬ Im¿Uv/Akn-Ã‚ v saUn-

°¬ Hmô-k-dpsS k¿ń- n-°‰v, tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚ ]I¿∏v, F∂n-h-bn¬

GsX-¶nepw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°mw.

kmaq-ly-t£a s]≥j-\p-Ifpw

t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw1

152

28

iii) At]£m ]cn-tim-[-\bpw AwKo-Im-chpw

• At]£ ssI∏‰v ckoXn \evIWw (I-a-º¿ kln-Xw)

• At\z-jW DtZym-K-ÿ≥ : Irjn Akn-Ã‚ v

• At]£ ka¿∏n®v 40 Znh-k-Øn-∂Iw Xo¿∏m-°-Ww.

• A¿l-\-s√∂v tXm∂n-bm¬ Cu hnhcw ImWn®v 15 Znh-ksØ t\mókv At]-£-I\v \evI-Ww.

hmZw tI´v Xo¿∏m-°-Ww. \nc-kn-®m¬ ImcWw t^mw \º¿ 3˛¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØn At]-£-Is\

And-bn-°-Ww.

• e`n®/A\p-h-Zn®/\nc-kn® At]-£-I-fpsS cPn-Ã¿ (t^mw \º¿ 4˛¬) kq£n-°-Ww.

• enÃv Hmtcm kmº-ØnI h¿jw hm¿Uv ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

• Kmak`bn¬/hm¿Uvk`-bn¬/hm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ hmbn-°-Ww. kn.-Un.-F- p-Iƒ°v \¬I-Ww.

• s]≥j≥ hnX-cW cPn-Ã¿ (t^mw 6) kq£n-°-Ww.

• hnX-cWw ˛ aWn-tbm¿U¿ aptJ\/_P‰v A°u≠v aptJ\

• A∏o¬ ˛ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-Øn-t∑¬ \nc-kn® DØ-chv e`n®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-

\Iw DØ-c-hns‚ ]I¿∏v klnXw Pn√m If-IvS¿°v \evImw. 45 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏m-°-Ww.

A∏o-ens‚ hnh-c-ßƒ A∏o¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ (t^mw \º¿ 5) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. k¿°m-cn-te°v

dnhn-j≥ s]‰o-j≥ \¬Imw. CXpw 45 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏m-°-Ww. \ndp-Ø¬ sNbvX s]≥j≥

]p\:ÿm]n-°m\pw A∏o¬ \¬Imw.

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

-˛ G.O.(P)47/95 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 13.12.95 (N-´-ßƒ 1.11.95 apX¬ ]m_-eyw)

-˛ G.O.(P)18/98 sXm.h. XnbXn 16.4.1998 G.O.(Q)23/82 LBR XnbXn 13.7.1982-se N -ßƒ ]pXp-°n-b-Xv)

-˛ G.O.(P)11/97 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 7.4.97.

-˛ G.O.(P)5/97 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 5.2.97

-˛ G.O.(P)25/96 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 3.7.96.

-˛ G.O.(P)11355/07 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 24.11.2007.

-˛ G.O.(P)11303/e-11/2007 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 4.10.07.

28.2. Cµn-cm-Km‘n tZiob hm¿≤y-Iy-Ime s]≥j≥ (IGNOAP)

• XpI ˛ 400 cq] (]-Xn-am-kw) 80 hb- n-\p-ap-I-fn-ep-≈-h¿°v 900 cq] (]-Xn-am-kw) G.O.(P)47/95km.-t£.-h. XobXn 13.12.96) & G.O.(MS)50/2012 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 22.8.2012)

• hm¿jnI IpSpw_ hcp-am\ ]cn[n ˛ 11000 cq].

• hb v ˛ 65 Ign-bWw

• A¿lX ˛ _n.-]n.-F¬. IpSpw-_-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

• At]-£n-°m≥ th≠ tbmKy-X-Iƒ

˛ AK-Xn-bmb `mcybpw `¿Ømhpw A¿l-cm-Wv.

153

˛ XpS¿®-bmbn 3 h¿j-sa-¶nepw tIc-f-Øn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-ap-≈-h-cm-I-Ww.

˛ IpSpw-_-Øn¬- Bcpw kwc-£-W-Øn-\p-≠m-I-cp-Xv.

˛ H‰bv°p Pohn-°p∂ kvXoIƒ, Fkv.-kn. Fkv.-Sn. hn`m-K-°m¿, hnI-emw-K¿, kz¥w `qan

C√mØ I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ, F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv ap≥K-W-\m-I-aw.

• A¿lX C√m-Ø-h¿

˛ bmN-I¿

˛ AXnYn aµn-c-ß-fn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h¿

˛ a‰p ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS s]≥j≥ hmßp-∂-h¿.

˛ A\¿l¿ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ hmßn-bm¬ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw A\p-tZym-K-ÿ¿°pw

• At]£ ka¿∏n-t°≠ hn[w

˛ \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ 2 tIm∏n Xt±-i-`-cW skI-´-dn-°v.

• At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w lmP-cm-t°≠ tcJ-Iƒ

˛ At]-£-Is‚ hm¿jn-I-h-cp-am\w ImWn-°p∂ hnt√Pv Hmô-k-dpsS k¿ń-^n-°-‰v.

˛ hb v sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v Kh: k¿÷s‚/Akn-Ã‚ v k¿÷s‚ k¿ń-^n-°-‰v.

• At]£m ]cn-tim-[-\bpw AwKo-Im-chpw

˛ At]-£-I\v ssI∏‰v ckoXn \¬I-Ww.

˛ hn.-C.-H. At\z-jW dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°Ww

˛ Ab¬Iq-´w, hm¿Uv saº¿, Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`, t£a-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n, `c-W-kanXn

F∂n-h-bpsS AwKo-Imcw thWw.

˛ skI-´-dn-bpsS DØ-chv

˛ AwKo-I-cn-®h skI-´dn, ^≠n-\p-th≠n Pn√m If-IvS¿°p \¬Ip-∂p.

˛ At]£ Xt±-i`-cW ÿm]-\-Øn¬ e`n®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏m-°-Ww.

˛ At]£ hnhcw _‘-s∏´ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°-Ww.

˛ Pn√m If-IvS¿ AwKo-I-cn® At]-£-I-fpsS hnhcw cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°-Ww.

˛ At]£ \nc-kn® hnhcw At]-£-Isc Ad-nbn-°-Ww.

˛ s]≥j-W¿ acn-®m¬ B hnhcw skI-´dn Pn√m If-IvSsd Ad-nbn-°-Ww. IpSn-»nI \nb-am-

\p-kr-Xm-hIm-in°v \¬Imw.

˛ sse^v k¿ń-^n-°‰v tabv 15-˛mw Xob-Xn°v apºv Pn√m If-IvS¿°v ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

• hnX-cWw

˛ aWn-tbm¿U¿ aptJ\ (a-cn-°p∂ s]≥j-W-dpsS IpSn-»nI A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in°v \evImw.

(N´w 11 (3)

1

154


t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw28

• A∏o¬

˛ \nc-kn® hnhcw e`n®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Pn√m If-IvS¿°v \¬I-Ww. sX‰mb hnhcw \¬In

s]≥j≥ hmßp∂p F∂p I≠m¬ s]≥j≥ \n¿Ø-em-°m≥ Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS ]q¿Æ-Np-a-X-

ebp≈ Pn√m If-I¿°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

-˛ G.O.(P)47/95 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 13.12.95 (N-´-ßƒ 1.11.95 apX¬ ]m_-eyw)

-˛ G.O.(P)11/97 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 7.4.97.

-˛ G.O.(P)5/97 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 5.2.97

-˛ G.O.(P)25/96 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 3.7.96.

-˛ G.O.(P)11355/07 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 24.11.2007.

-˛ G.O.(P)11303/e-11/2007 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 4.10.07.

28.3. hn[-h-Iƒ°pw hnhml tamNn-X-cmb h\n-X-Iƒ°p-ap≈ AKXn s]≥j≥

• 1.4.12 apX¬ ]Xn-amkw 525 cq]-bmbn Db¿Øn G.O.(MS)50/2012 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 22.8.12.

• hm¿jnI IpSpw_ hcp-am\ ]cn[n 20,000 cq] Kma ]tZiw/22375 cq] \K-c]-tZ-iw) G.O.(MS)21/10 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 17.3.10 ]Im-cw. kzmX-¥y-k-ac tk\m-\n-Iƒ°p≈ s]≥j≥ IW-°m-

t°-≠-Xn-√. (k.-D.(-A) km.-t£.-h. XobXn 31.3.98)

• hb v ˛ ]cn-[n-bn-√.

• At]-£n-°m≥ th≠ tbmKy-X.

-˛ Btcmcpw Bi-b-an-√m-Ø-hcpw hcp-am-\-an-√m-Ø-h-cpw.

˛ XpS¿®-bmbn c≠p h¿j-sa-¶nepw tIc-f-Øn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-ap-≈-h-cm-I-Ww.

˛ hn[-h-Iƒ

˛ hnhm-l-tam-N\w t\Snb kvXoIƒ

˛ 7 h¿j-ambn `¿Øm-hns\ Ipdn®v hnhcw e`y-a-√mØ kvXoIƒ


-˛ ]p\¿hn-hmlw sNbvX hn[-h-Iƒ

-˛ a‰p ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS s]≥j≥/[\-k-lmbw XpS¿®-bmbn hmßp-∂-h¿


-˛ \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ 2 tIm∏n skI-´-dnbv°v ka¿∏n-°-Ww.


-˛ At]-£-I-bpsS hm¿jnI IpSpw_ hcp-am-\w- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ønb hnt√Pv Hmô-k-dpsS k¿ń-

^n-°‰v

-˛ `¿Øm-hns‚ acW k¿ń-^n-°-‰v.

-˛ At]-£I hn[-h-bm-sW-∂pw, ]p\¿hn-hmlw sNbvXn-ń-s√∂pw ImWn-°p∂ saº-dpsS/

Iu¨kn-e-dpsS k¿ń-^n-°-‰v.

155

• At]£ ]cn-tim-[-\bpw AwKo-Im-chpw

-˛ ssI∏‰v No´v \¬I-Ww.

-˛ ICDS kq∏¿ssh-k-dpsS At\z-jW dnt∏m¿´v

-˛ Ab¬°q-´w, Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`/hm¿Uv IΩn‰n/t£a-Im-cy-Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n, `c-W-k-anXn

F∂n-h-bpsS AwKo-Im-cw.

-˛ ^≠n-\mbn dh\yq A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°v Ab-°-Ww.

• hnX-cWw

-˛ aWn-tbm¿U¿ aptJ\ (X-l-kn¬Zm-cpsS lb¿jn∏v k¿ń-^n-°-‰ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

s]≥j≥ IpSn-»nI A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-Iƒ°v \evImw. k¿°p-e¿ \w: 2509/kn/08/km.-t£.-h-

Ip∏v XnbXn 12.8.08)

-˛ A∏o¬ ˛ At]£ ˛ \nc-kn® hnhcw e`n®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Pn√m If-IvS¿°v \evI-Ww.

sX‰mb hnhcw \evIn s]≥j≥ t\Sp∂p F∂v I≠m¬ s]≥j≥ \n¿Ø-em-°m≥ Cu

]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏ns‚ ]q¿Æ Npa-X-e-bp≈ Pn√m IfIvS¿°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

-˛ G.O.(P)1415/73 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 3.8.2000 (N-´-ßƒ)

-˛ G.O.(P)11/97 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 7.4.97.

-˛ G.O.(MS)12108/ km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 16.1.08 (s]≥j\v 20 hb- n¬ IqSp-X-ep≈ Bä-°-fp-

≈-h¿°pw A¿l-X-bp-≠v.

-˛ k.-D. \º¿ 59670/ DB2/08/Xkz-`h XnbXn 17.9.08 s]≥j\v 20 hb- n¬ IqSp-X-ep≈ Bä-

°-fp-≈-h¿°pw A¿l-X-bp-≠v.

28.4. hnI-emwK s]≥j≥

• 1.4.2012 apX¬ ]Xn-amkw 700 cq]. G.O.(MS)50/2012 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 22.8.2012.

• hm¿jnI IpSpw_ hcp-am\ ]cn[n ˛ 20,000 cq] Kma-]-tZiw/ 22375 (\-Kc ]tZ-iw) ]Imcw (h-

cp-am\w IW-°m-°p-∂Xv ]nXmhv/`¿Ømhv/`mcy F∂n-h-cpsS amXw). kzmX-¥r-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-

Iƒ°p≈ s]≥j≥ IW-°m-t°-≠-Xn-√. G.O.(P)10/98/ km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 31.3.98. At]-£-I\v

kz¥-ambn 250 cq]-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ hcp-am\w ]mSn-√.

• hb v ˛ ]cn-[n-bn-√.

• At]-£n-°m≥ th≠ tbmKy-X-Iƒ ˛

-˛ a¥v, _[n-cX, A‘X, aqI-X, AwK-`wKw F∂o sshI-ey-ap-≈-h¿ (A‘X 100% D≠m-bn-cn-

°-Ww.) G.O.(MS)No.4/95 /73 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 24.01.95)

-˛ sshIeyw 40%-Øne-[nIw thWw.


-˛ a‰p ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS s]≥j≥/[\-k-lmbw XpS¿®-bmbn hmßp-∂-h¿.


-˛ \n›nX t^md-Øn-ep≈ (2 tIm∏n) At]-£-Iƒ skI-´-dnbv°v ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

1

156


t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw28


-˛ sshIeyw sXfn-bn-°m≥ saUn-°¬ t_m¿Uns‚ k¿ń-^n-°-‰v.

-˛ hnt√Pv Hmô-k-dn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\ k¿ń-^n-°-‰vv.

• At]£ ]cn-tim-[-\bpw AwKo-I-mchpw

-˛ ssI∏‰v No´v \evIWw

-˛ sl¬Øv C≥kvs]-Œ¿ At\z-jW dnt∏m¿´v \¬IWw

-˛ Ab¬-Iq-´w, Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`/hm¿Uv IΩn-‰n, t£a-Im-cy-Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n, `c-W-kanXn

F∂n-h-bpsS AwKo-Im-cw.

-˛ ^≠v A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv Pn√m If-IvS¿

• hnX-cWw

-˛ ]Xn-amkw aWn-tbm¿U¿ aptJ\ (X-l-kn¬Zm-cpsS lb¿jn∏v k¿ń-^n-°-‰ns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ A¥m-cm-h-Im-in°v s]≥j≥ IpSn-»nI \¬Imw. k¿°p-e¿ \º¿ 2509/kn/08/km.-

t£.-h. XnbXn 12.8.08.

• A∏o¬

-˛ At]£ \nc-kn® hnhcw e`n®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Pn√m If-IvS¿°v \¬I-Ww. sX‰mb

hnhcw \evIn s]≥j≥ t\Sp∂p F∂p I≠m¬ s]≥j≥ \n¿Ø-em-°m≥ Cu ]≤Xn \S-

Øn-∏ns‚ ]q¿Æ-®p-a-X-e-bp≈ Pn√m If-IvS¿°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

-˛ G.O.(P)154/1822 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 6.9.82.

-˛ G.O.(P)145/73 km.-t£.-h. XnbXn 3.8.73 ]cn-jv°-cn-®-Xv.

28.5. 50 hb v Ign™ Ahn-hm-ln-X¿°p≈ s]≥j≥

• 1.4.2012 apX¬ ]Xn-amkw 525 cq]. G.O.(MS) 50/2012/kmt£h XobXn 22.8.2012 ]Imcw h¿≤n-

∏n-®p.

• hm¿jnI IpSpw-_-h-cp-am-\-]-cn[n

-˛ 20000 cq] Kma-]-tZ-iw, 22375 cq] \K-c-]-tZiw G.O.(MS) 21/10/kmt£h XobXn 17.3.10

• At]-£n-°m≥ th≠ tbmKyX

-˛ 50 hb v Ign-b-Ww. Ahn-hm-ln-X-bm-bn-cn-°Ww. kmº-Øn-I-ambn ]n∂m°w Bbn-cn-°-

Ww. tIc-f-Øn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-°m-cn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww. kz¥-ambn hcp-am\w C√m-X-h-cm-bn-cn-

°-Ww.

• A¿l-X-bn-√m-Ø-h¿

-˛ ta¬∏-d™ tbmKy-Xn-bn-√m-Ø-h¿.

• At]£ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-hn[w

- ˛ \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ (2 tIm∏n) skI-´-dn°v

157

• At]£tbmsSm∏w lmP-cm-t°≠ tcJ-Iƒ

˛ hnt√Pv Hmô-kn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\ k¿ń-^n-°‰v

˛ Ahn-hm-ln-X-bm-sW-∂pw, Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-°m-cn-bm-sW-

∂p-ap≈ hm¿Uv saº-dpsS k¿ń-^n-°‰v

˛ 50 hb v Ign-™-Xm-bp≈ tUmIvS-dpsS k¿ń-^n-°‰v

˛ tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚ tIm∏n


˛ ssI]‰v No´v \¬IWw

˛ At\z-jW dnt∏m¿´v thWw

˛ Ab¬°q-´w, hm¿Uvk`/hm¿Uv IΩn‰n/Kma-k`/t£a-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n, `c-W-k-anXn

F∂n-h-bpsS AwKo-Imcw thWw.

˛ skI-´-dn-bpsS DØ-chv thWw

˛ ^≠v A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv Pn√m If-IvS¿

˛ c≠v h¿jw IqSp-tºmƒ Kk-‰Uv Hmô-k¿ H∏n´ sse^v k¿ń-^n-°‰v Bh-iy-amWv

• hnX-cWw

˛ Unam‚ v Um^v‰v aptJ-\.

• A∏o¬

˛ DØ-chv ssI∏‰n 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Pn√m If-IvS¿°v (D-Ø-c-hns‚ ]I¿∏v kln-Xw) ka¿∏n-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

˛ G.O.(MS) 14/01/km.t£.h XobXn 31.2.2001 (am¿§tc-J)

˛ 50 hb v Ign-™-hcpw hnhmlw Ign-°msX Ipń-I-fp-≈-h-cp-amb AΩ-am¿ A¿l-cmWv G.O.(MS)43/04/kmt£h XobXn 1.7.2004

28.6. sXmgn¬ clnX thX\w

• XpI ˛ 120 cq] ]Xn-amkw

• hm¿jnI IpSpw-_- h-cp-am\ ]cn[n

˛ 12000 cq] (am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, Ahn-hm-ln-X-cmb ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ IqsS Xma-kn-°p-∂--h¿ F∂n-

h-cptS-Xpƒs∏-sS)

• hb v ˛ 18 apX¬ 35 hsc


˛ Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn. ]m mb Fwtπm-bvsa-‚ v FIvkvtN-©n¬ t]Pv cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXp 3 h¿jw

]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h¿

˛ ]ń-I-PmXn, ]ń-I-h¿§-°-mcm-sW-¶n¬ Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn. ]co-£°v lmP-cm-bm¬ aXn-bmIpw

(\n-›nX hb v Ign™v Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn. ]co£ amXw ss]h-‰mbn FgpXn tXm‰-

h¿°v _m[-I-a-√)

˛ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ BI-cp-Xv. F∂m¬ 6 amksØ Iºyq-´¿ ]T\w Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ lkz-Ime

tImgvkp-Iƒ tjm¿´vlm‚ v/ssS∏vssd-‰nwKv, sI.-Pn.-Sn.-C./sI.-Pn.-kn.-C. tImgvkp-Iƒ F∂nh

1

158


t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw28

sNøp-∂-h-tcbpw Fkv.-kn./Fkv.-Sn.-°mbn l¿-Pn-t£-a-h-Ip∏v ssÃ∏‚ v \¬In \S-Øp∂ 2˛3

amk ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ tImgvkp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-h-tcbpw hnZym¿∞n F∂p \n¿∆-N-\-Øn¬

\n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. k¿°m¿ AwKo-Im-c-an-√mØ tImgvkp-Iƒ°v CXv _m[-I-a-√.

˛ AwK-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h-sc-¶n¬ Fwtπm-bvsa‚ v FIvkvtN-©n¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv 18 hb- n-\p-

tijw XpS¿®-bmbn c≠v h¿jsØ ko\n-tbm-cn‰n aXn. Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn. ]co-£°v

lmP-cm-bm¬ aXn.

˛ Xmakw am‰n-bm¬ ]pXnb ]©m-b-Øn¬ At]£ \¬I-Ww. Xo¿∏m-Ipw hsc thX\w

]gb ÿe-Øp-\n∂v.

˛ At]-£-I\v bmsXmcp sXmgnepw ]mSn-√.

˛ a‰p ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw [\-k-lmbw e`n-°p-∂-h-cm-I-cp-Xv.

• A¿l-X-bn-√m-Ø-h¿

˛ k¿°m¿/kzImcy ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ Hu]-N-cnI hnZym-`ymkw \S-Øp-∂-h¿

˛ s]≥j≥-, k¿°m¿ [\-k-lm-bw, ]mcn-tXm-jn-Iw, ssÃ∏‚ v, Ae-h≥kv, FIvkvtKjy XpSßn

]Xn-amkw 100 cq]-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ hcp-am-\-ap-≈-h¿.

˛ ]Xn-amkw 100 cq]-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ hcp-am-\-ap-≈- sXmgn¬ e`n-°p-∂-h¿

˛ cPn-kvtS-j≥ bYm-k-abw ]pXp-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬

˛ cPn-kvtS-j≥ d±m-°n-bm¬

˛ cPn-kvtS-j≥ bYm-k-abw ]pXp-°msX k¿°m-cn-s‚tbm Fwtπm-bvsa‚ v Ub-d-IvS-dp-sStbm

]tXyI DØ-chv ]Imcw ]pXp-°n-bm¬

˛ XpS¿®-bmbn c≠p XhW thX\w ]‰m-Xn-cp-∂m¬

• A-t]£ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-hn[w

˛ \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ 2 tIm∏n skI-´-dn°v

• At]£tbmsSm∏w lmP-cm-t°≠ tcJ-Iƒ

˛ hnt√Pv Hmô-kn¬ \n∂p≈ hcp-am\ k¿ń-^n-°‰v (X-t±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v bp‡-amb

Xocp-am\w FSp-°mw)

˛ hb v sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿ń-^n-°‰v

˛ Fwtπm-bvsa‚ v cPn-kvtS-j≥ k¿ń-^n-°‰v


˛ Fwtπm-bvsa‚ v FIvkvtN-©ns‚ ]cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ A¿l-X-bn-s√∂v Is≠-Øn-bm¬ B hnhcw

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\sØ Adn-bn-°Ww

˛ thX\w e`n-°p-∂-h-cp-tSbpw \nc-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-tSbpw enÃv Kma-k-`-bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬/

hm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ hmbn-°-Ww. s]mXp-hmbn ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. enÃns‚ tIm∏n Fwtπm-

bvsa‚ v Hmô-k¿°v \¬I-Ww.

˛ e`n®/A\p-h-Zn®/\nk-cn® At]-£-I-cpsS hnh-c-Øn\v cPn-Ã¿ (t^mdw 4) kq£n-°Ww.

˛ AIzn-‰≥kv cPn-Ã¿ (t^mdw 6) kq£n-°Ww. At\z-jW Npa-Xe skI-´-dn°v/skI-´dn

Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥.

159

˛ ^≠v A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv Pn√m Fwtπm-bvsa-‚ v Hmô-k¿.

• hnX-cWw

˛ ]W-ambn \¬Ip-∂p.

• A∏o¬

˛ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Xocp-am\w e`n®v 60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw A∏o¬ Pn√m If-IvS¿°v

\¬Imw. e`n® A∏o¬/dnhn-j≥ 45 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏m-°-Ww.

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ/t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ

˛ G.O.(P) 23/98/sXm.h XobXn 25.8.98 (N-´-ßƒ)

˛ G.O.(P) 1764/05/sXm.h XobXn 28.6.05 (N-´-ßƒ)

˛ G.O.(P) 68/07/sXm.h XobXn 5.6.07 (A∏o¬ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ)

˛ G.O.(P) 32/06/sXm.h XobXn 4.5.06

28.7. km[p-°-fmb hn[-h-I-fpsS s]ä-°-fpsS hnhml [\-k-lmbw

• XpI 20,000 cq] (H-‰-Ø-h-W) (2012-˛13 se _P-‰n¬ 10,000 cq]-bn¬ \n∂v 20,000 cq] Bbn h¿≤n-

∏n-®p)

• hm¿jnI IpSpw-_-h-cp-am-\-]-cn[n ˛ 20,000 (Kma-]-tZ-iw), 22,375 (\-K-c-]-tZ-iw)

• hb v ˛ ]cn[n C√


˛ BZyhnhm-l-am-bn-cn-°Ww

˛ s]Ïp-ń°v hnhm-l-Zn-hkw 18 hb v ]q¿Øn-bm-IWw

˛ aq∂v h¿j-tam, AXn-e-[n-Itam hnhm-l-tam-Nn-X-cmbn Ign-bp∂ kvXoI-fpsS s]ä-°fpsS

hnhm-l-Øn\v [\-k-lmbw \¬Imw G.O.(P) 11/98/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 2.4.98.


˛ s]Ïp-ń-bpsS kz¿Æw Dƒs∏sS BsI kºØv 6000 cq]-bn¬ Ihn-b-cp-Xv.

• At]£ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-hn[w

˛ \n›nX t^md-Øn¬ 2 tIm∏n sk-I-´-dn°v hnhml Xob-Xn°v Hcp amkw apºv \¬IWw (X-

°-Xmb Imc-W-Øm¬ bYm-k-abw At]-£n-°m≥ Ign-bm-sX-h-∂m¬ skI- -dn°v am∏-t]£

\¬Imw. hnhm-l-Øn-\p-tijw 3 amkw hsc am∏-t]£ ]cn-K-Wn-°mw).


˛ ]Xn-ip-X-h-cs‚ kXy-hm-Mvaqew

˛ ]tc-X≥ At]-£-I-bpsS ¿Ømhpw h[p-hns‚ ]nXm-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWn-°p∂ k¿ń-

^n-°‰v (d-h\yp A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, Iu¨kn-e¿, ani-hn-hml kwL-S-\-Iƒ, tZhm-e-b-ß-fnse

A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, kap-Zmb kwL-S-\-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ GsX-¶n-epw)

˛ ]tc-Xs‚ acW k¿ń-^n-°‰v

˛ h[p-hns‚ P\-\-Xo-bXn sXfn-bn-°p∂ k¿ń-^n-°‰v

˛ At]-£-I-bpsS hcp-am\ k¿ń-^n-°‰v

1

160


t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw28

˛ hn[h ÿncw _p≤n-bn-√m-Ø-bm-fm-sW-¶n¬ s]Ïp-ńsb Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ hy‡n°v aXn-bmb

CuSn-t∑¬ [\-k-lmbw \¬Imw G.O.(P) 182/84/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 19.4.84 .

˛ `¿Øm-hns‚ acWw cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXn-ń-s√-¶n¬ acWw \S-∂-Xmbn IW-°m-°-Ww. C°m-cy-

Øn¬ ÿe-hm-kn-I-fmb c≠v ]apJ hy‡n-I-fpsS k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ Bh-iy-amWv (G.O.(P)No.167/83/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 20.10.1983).


˛ ]‰v No´v \¬IWw

˛ At\z-jW dnt∏m¿´v thWw (sF.-kn-Un.-F-kv. kq∏¿sshk-dp-tS-Xv)

˛ Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`/hm¿Uv IΩn‰n/t£a-Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩn-‰n, Iu¨kn-e¿ F∂n-h-bpsS

AwKo-Imcw thWw.

˛ skI-´-dn-bpsS DØ-chv thWw

• hnX-cWw

˛ sN°mbn \¬Ip-∂p.

• A∏o¬

˛ Pn√m If-IvS¿°v

• DØ-c-hp-Iƒ

˛ G.O.(P) 151/78/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 19.6.78

˛ hnhm-l-tijw 3 amk-Øn-\p-≈n¬ e`n-°p∂ At]-£-Iƒ 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw If-IvS¿°v

Ab-°Ww (k¿°p-e¿ \º¿ 25918/Un.-_n.2/08/F¬.-F-kv.-Pn.-Un. XobXn 14.7.08)

˛ hnhmlw \S∂v 3 amk-Øn-\p-tijw e`n-°p∂ At]-£-Iƒ bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw ]cn-

K-Wn-°m≥ ]mSn√ (G.O.(P) 5/93/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 31.3.93

˛ km[p-°-fmb hn[-h-I-fp-sS s]ä-°-fpsS hnhm-l-Øn\v [\-k-lmbw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈

\n_-‘-\-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hnse (24.2.79 se G.O.(P) 29/79/X.-`.& km.-

t£.-h.) \n_-‘\ 4.6 \v NphsS tN¿Øv. Ipdn∏v (1) Xmsg ]d-bpw-]-Imcw Xncp-Øp-∂p.

hnhm-l-nX-bm-Im≥ t]mIp∂ s]Ïpń 3 h¿j-sa-¶nepw tIc-f-Øn¬ ÿnc-Xmak-am-°n-bn-

cp-∂m¬ amXta [\-k-lm-b-Øn\v At]-£n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bp≈p (G.O.(P) 43/97/km.-t£.-

h. XobXn 19.12.97)

˛ s]Ïp-ń-bpsS hnhm-l-Øn\v apºv hn[h acn-®m¬ IpSpw-_-Ønse a‰w-K-Ønt\m hnhmlw

\SØnsImSp-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂ hy‡n-Iƒt°m [\k-lmbw \¬Imw (G.O.(MS) 50/08/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 4.9.08)

˛ G.O.(MS) 43/2010/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 21.7.2010)

˛ GsX-¶nepw At]-£-I¿°v aXn-bmb Imc-W-ß-fm-emWv Cu ka-b-]-cn[n ]men-°m≥ km[n-

°msX h∂-sX∂v At\z-j-W-Øn¬ t_m≤y-s∏-´m¬ Ah-cpsS At]-£-bn-t∑¬ hnhmlw

\S∂ XobXn apX¬ 6 amkw hsc-bp≈ Ime-hn-fw_w am∏m°n B\p-Iqeyw \¬Im≥ Pn√m

If-Iv¿am¿°pw AXn-\p-tijw 5 amkw hsc em‚ v dh\yp IΩo-j-W¿°pw (BsI Hcp

h¿jw) A[n-Imcw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. (G.O.(MS) 34/2012/km.-t£.-h. XobXn 4.6.12).

161

28.8. s]mXp-hmb hyh-ÿ-Iƒ

1) F√m kmaq-ly-kp-c£m [\-k-lm-b-ßfpw e`n-°p-∂-h-cpsS A¿lX Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`/hm¿Uv

IΩn‰n ]cn-tim-[n-°Ww (1994 se tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaw hIp∏v 3. 1994 se tIcf ap\n-

kn-∏m-en‰n \nbaw hIp∏v 45(1) sI).

2) A\p-h-Zn-®-Xn¬ Ime-Xm-akw h∂mepw At]£ e`n® amk-Øns‚ sXm´-SpØ amkw 1˛mw

XobXn apX¬ At]-£-I¿°v B\p-Iqeyw e`n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bp≠v (_-‘-s∏´ N´-ß-fn¬

C°mcyw hy‡-ambn ]d-™n-´p-≠v).

3) At]-£n®v 10 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw At\z-jn-®v 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Xo¿∏m-°Ww (G.O.(P) 105/02/Xkz-

`h XobXn 25.6.02).

4) Hmtcm Xe-Øn-tebpw s]≥j-\p-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v hym]-I-amb ]Nm-cWw Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`

Xe-Øn¬ \S-Ø-Ww. e`n® At]-£-Iƒ, A¿l-Xm-am-\-Z-WvU-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn®/\nc-kn® At]-

£-Iƒ F∂o hnh-c-ßƒ Kma-k-`-bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-Imcw t\SWw

(k¿°p-e¿ \º¿ 57414/DP1/03/Xkz-`h XobXn 18.12.03).

5) F√m kmaq-ly-k-pc£ [\- k-lm-b-ßfpw Ime-Xm-akw hcp-ØmsX hnX-cWw sNøWw (k¿°p-

e¿ \º¿ 36854/DP1/05/Xkz-`h XobXn 1.8.05).

6) s]≥j≥ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS hm¿UvXe enÃv X-øm-dm-°-Ww. IpSpw-_-io, A¶Whm-Sn h¿°¿,

ô¬UvXe DtZym-K-ÿ¿ F∂n-hsc Dƒs∏-SpØn Sow cq]o-I-cn®v enÃv ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. CXn-

\p-ti-jhpw H∂n¬ IqSp-X¬ s]≥j≥ Hcmƒ-°v \¬In-bm¬ skI-´dn hy‡n-]-c-ambn DØ-c-

hm-Zn-bm-bn-cn°pw (k¿°p-e¿ \º¿ 551161/ B2/Xkz-`h XobXn 28.8.08).

7) XpI ]n≥h-en -°p-∂-Xnepw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xnepw [\-ImcyhIp-∏ns‚ 12.4.06 se

G.O.(P) 177/06 ]Im-c-ap≈ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°-Ww.

8) s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n®v tIµ k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-i-ßƒ tIcf k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hmbn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-

∂-ap-d°v _m[-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.

9) hm¿≤-Iy-Ime s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n®v \ne-hn-ep≈ \nb-a-]-Imcw Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-

fpsS Xocp-am-\-Øn-t∑¬ hnt√Pv Hmô-k¿ aptJ\ kq∏¿ sN°nßv \S-Øp-hm≥ \nbaw A\p-

im-kn-°p-∂n-s√∂pw F∂m¬ A∏o¬ l¿Pn-bn-t∑¬ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw

Pn√m If-IvS¿°p-am-bn-cn-°pw.

10) hnhn[ s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n® hniZ hnh-c-ßƒ Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-

Imcw t\tS-≠-Xm-Wv. (k¿°p-e¿ \º¿ 57414/DP1/Xkz-`h XobXn 18.12.2003).

1

162


t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw28

]©m-bØv c-W-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ A\p-_‘ \nb-a-ßƒ

29

29.1. tIcf \Zo-Xockwc-£-Whpw aW¬hmc¬ \nb-¥-W-hpw \nbaw 2001

29.2. tIcf ]ªn°v sl¬Øv \nb-a-ßƒ

29.3. ambw tN¿°¬ \ntcm-[\ \nbaw 1954

29.4. tIcfm sπbvkkv Hm^v ]ªn°v dntkm´vkv BIvSv 1963

29.5. tIcfm kn\nam dKp-te-j≥ BIvSv 1958

29.6. tIcf hnt\mZ\nIpXn \nbaw 1961

29.7. tIcfm tSmƒkv BIvSv 1976

29.8. tIcf Pe-tk-N-\hpw Pe-kw-c-£-Whpw \nbaw 2003

29.9. tIcf `qkw-c-£W \nbaw 1957

29.10. tIcf Im‰n¬ sSkv]mkv BIvSv 1961

29.11. IS-Øp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂Xv kw_-‘n-®p-ff \nb-a-ßƒ

29.12. tIcfm em‚ v Assk≥sa‚ v BIvSv 1960

29.13. tIcf k¿t∆ B‚ v _u≠-dokv BIvSv 1961

29.14. _tbm ssUth-gvkn‰n BIvSv 2002

29.15. tIcfm ]ªnIv sse_-dokv BIvSv 1999

29.16. tIcf tem°¬ ^≠v BUn‰v BIvSv 1994

29.17. tIcfm ]ªnIv _n¬UnwKvkv (F-hnIvj≥ Hm v A¨ HmX-ssdkvUv HIyp-s]≥kv)

BIvSv 1968.

29.18. tIcf tem°¬ AtXm-dn-‰okv tem¨kv BIvSv 1963.

29.19. P\\ acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nbaw 1969

29.20. s]mXp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥ N´-ßƒ 2008

29.21. lnµp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nbaw 1955

29.22. hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw 2005

163

]©m-bØvcmPv kwhn-[m-\w \ne-hn¬ h∂tXmsS hnhn[ hIp-∏p-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNbn-cp∂ Npa-

X-e-Iƒ ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v ssIam-dn-sb-¶nepw ]mtZ-inI k¿°m¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ B Npa-X-e-Iƒ

\nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\v ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v hf-sc-b-[nIw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. amX-a√ \nb-a-ß-fn-

tebpw N´-ß-fn-tebpw Ahy-‡-Xbpw sshcp-≤y-ßfpw ]e-t∏mgpw hIp-∏p-Ifpw ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw

XΩn¬ X¿°-ßƒ°pw Imc-W-am-bn.

Cu ]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a]-Imcapff Npa-X-e-Iƒ ê-]-Z-ambn

\nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ a‰v ]e \nb-a-ß-fpw 2000

se Uosk≥S-sse-tk-j≥ Hm^v ]¿t®bvkv BIvSv ]Imcw t`Z-K-Xn- hcp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. s]mXp-

P-\-ß-fpsS PohnX kuI-cy-ßƒ sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, PohnX kpc£ Dd-∏m-°¬, ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-

£Ww F∂n-h-bn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\v ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ A[n-Im-c-ßƒ e`n®Xv Cu \nba

t`Z-K-Xn-Ifn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Øn\v ]pdsa ]©m-bØv `c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

][m-\-s∏´ a‰p \nb-a-ßƒ NphsS sImSp-°p-∂p.

29.1. tIcf \Zo-Xockwc-£-Whpw aW¬hmc¬ \nb-¥-W-hpw \nbaw 2001

]©m-bØv AXn¿Øn-bnse \Zn-I-fp-sSbpw ]pg-Ifp-sSbpw \nb-¥-Whpw kwc-£-Whpw ]©m-b-

Øp-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. A\nb-¥n-X-amb aW¬ hmc¬ ]cn-ÿnXntbbpw Bhmk hyh-ÿ-tbbpw

_m[n-°p-∂p. CXv \n-b-¥-n°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Cu \nbaw. (]©mb-Øn-\-I-Øp-ff F√m Pe-tkm-X- p-

I-fp-sSbpw Nmep-I-fp-sSbpw ]q¿Æ-amb Npa-Xe tIcf ]©m-bØvcmPv BIvSv sk£≥ 218 ]Imcw

]©m-b-Øn-t‚-XmWv).

29.2. tIcf ]ªn°v sl¬Øv \nb-a-ßƒ

s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy kwc-£Ww, s]mXp-kp-c£ F∂o Npa-X-e-Iƒ ]©-b-Øp-Isf G¬∏n-®p-sIm-

≠p-f-f-XmWv Cu \nb-a-ßƒ.

]gb ae-_m¿ ]tZ-iØv 1939 se aZmkv ]ªn°v sl¬Øv \nb-ahpw, Xncp-hXmwIq¿-˛-sIm®n

]tZ-iØv 1955 se Smh≥Iq¿ sIm®n≥ ]ªn°v sl¬Øv \nb-a-hpamWv Ct∏mgpw ]m_-ey-Øn-ep-

f-fXv. Cu \nb-a-ßƒ 1994 se ]©m-bØv cmPv \na-b-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn 2000 ¬ t`Z-KXn sNbvXp.

29.3. ambw tN¿°¬ \ntcm-[\ \nbaw 1954

Cu \nb-a-]-Imcw `£W hkvXp-°-fn¬ ambw Ie¿Øp-∂Xv XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p-ff Npa-Xe Kma-]-

©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°p-≠v. CXp ]Imcw A]-I-S-I-chpw B]¬°-c-hp-amb km[-\-ßfpw £W ]Zm¿∞-

ßfpw hn¬°p-∂-Xn-\pff ssek≥kv \¬I¬ skI´dn-bpsS Npa-X-e-bmWv.

29.4. tIcfm sπbvkkv Hm v ]ªn°v dntkm vkv BIvSv 1963

s]mXp dntkm¿´p-Ifnepw hnt\mZ ÿe-ß-fnepw s]mXp-kp-c£ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-f-f-XmWv Cu

\nb-aw. Cu DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-emWv \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ aX-

]-camb BtLm-j-ßƒ, Nmcn-‰-_nƒ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ F∂n-hbv°v Cu \nbaw _m[-I-a-√. skI-´-

dn-bmWv ssek≥kv \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-ff A[n-Im-cn. A∏o¬ A[n-Imcw ]©m-b-Øn\m-Wv.

29.5. tIcfm kn\nam dKp-te-j≥ BIvSv 1958

s]mXp-kp-c-£-bpsS `mK-ambn ]©m-bØv AXn¿Øn-bn¬ \S-°p∂ F√m kn\nam ]Z¿i-\-

ßfpw \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bp-f-f-XmWv Cu \nb-aw. CXv ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hcp hcp-am\ tkmX v


_‘-s∏´ A\p-_‘ \nb-a-ßƒ1

164

29

IqSn-bm-Wv. Xotb-‰¿ ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn\v A\p-aXn \¬Ip-∂Xv ]©m-bØv `cW kanXnbmWv. ]Z¿i-

\-Øn\v ssek≥kv \¬Ip-∂Xn\p-ff A[n-Imcw skI- -dn°pw AXn-t∑¬ A∏o¬ A[n-Imcw dh\yq

Unhn-j-W¬ Hmô-k¿°pam-Wv.

29.6. tIcf hnt\mZ\nIpXn \nbaw 1961

1961 se tIcf tem°¬ AtXm-dn-‰okv hnt\mZ\nIpXn \nb-a-]-Imcw kn\nam Sn°-‰nt∑¬ Kma-

]-©m-b-Øn\v hnt\m-Z-\n-Ip-Xn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-\mbn ]th-i-Øn-\p-ff Sn°‰v ]©m-b-Øn¬

\n∂pw skI- dn ko¬ sh®v \evI-Ww. kn\n-a°v ]pdsa a‰v hnt\m-Z-]-Z¿i-\-ßƒ, \mS-Iw, k¿°kv

F∂n-h°pw Kma-]-©m-b-Øn\v hnt\mZ \nIpXn CuSm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

29.7. tIcfm tSmƒkv BIvSv 1976

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ `mKn-I-amtbm apgp-h-\mtbm ]Ww sN-e-h-gn®v ]Wn-bp∂ ]me-ßƒ tdmUp-

Iƒ F∂n-hbv°v ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v tSmƒ ]ncn-°m≥ A[n-Imcw \¬Ip-∂-XmWv Cu \nb-aw. sNehv

XpI e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Ime-L-´hpw tSmƒ \nc°pw ]©m-b-Øn\v \n›-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

B.O.T. hyh-ÿ-bnepw ]me-ßƒ ]Wn Ign-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

29.8. tIcf Pe-tk-N-\hpw Pe-kw-c-£-Whpw \nbaw 2003

sNdp-InS Pe-tk-N\ kwcw`-ß-fpsS \n¿Ωm-Ww ]cn-]m-e-\w F∂o Npa-X-e-Iƒ Cu \nb-a-]-Im-

c-amWv Kma-]-©m-b-Øn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A©v slIvS-dn¬ Ihn-bmØ Pe-tk-N\ tbmKy-

amb ]≤-Xn-I-sf√mw CXns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

29.9. tIcf `qkw-c-£W \nbaw 1957

k¿°m¿ `qan-bnse A\-[n-IrX Itø‰w XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p-f-f-XmWv Cu \nb-aw. ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS

`qanbpw k¿°m¿ `qan F∂ t]mse Cu \nb-a-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂-XmWv.

29.10. tIcf Im‰n¬ sSkv]mkv BIvSv 1961

Irjn-°m-cs‚ hkvXp-hn-te°v arK-ßƒ AXn-I-an®v Ibdn Irjntbm Irjn Dev]-∂-ß-tfm \in-

∏n-°p∂Xv XS-bp-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bp-f-f-XmWv Cu \nb-aw. Cßn-s\bp-ff arK-ßƒ°p th≠n I∂p-

Imen ]u≠v \n¿Ωn-t°≠ Npa-Xe ]©m-b-Øp-I-fp-tS-Xm-Wv.

29.11. IS-Øp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂Xv kw_-‘n-®p-ff \nb-a-ßƒ

sIm®n≥ s^dokv B‚ v tSmƒkv BIvSv 1082 (sIm®n ]tZ-iØv _m[-Iw). Smh≥Iq¿ ]ªn°v

I\m¬kv B‚ v ]ªn°v s^dokv BIvSv 1096 (Xn-cp-h-Xmw-Iq¿ ]tZ-iØv _m[-Iw). aZmkv I\m¬kv

B‚ v ]ªn°v s^dokv BIvSv 1890 (a-e-_m¿ ]tZ-iØv _m[-Iw) F∂nh A\p-k-cn®v Pe-hm-l-\-ß-

fnse bmX-°m-cpsS kpc£ Dd-∏m-t°-≠Xpw s^dn-I-fpsS \S-Øn∏pw Kma]©m-b-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-

bm-Wv.

29.12. tIcfm em‚ v Assk≥sa‚ v BIvSv 1960

k¿°m¿ `qan ]Xn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n-®p-ff \nbaamWn-Xv. `qan ]Xn®p \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v

apºmbn k¿°m¿ Xt±-i-kz-bw`-c-Wÿm]\-hp-ambn Btem-Nn-t°-≠Xpw `qan ]©m-bØv Bh-iy-

s∏-Sp-IbmsW-¶n¬ ]©m-b-Øn\v \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

165

29.13. tIcf k¿t∆ B‚ v _u≠-dokv BIvSv 1961

`qan-bpsS k¿t∆, AXn¿Øn X¿°-ßƒ Xo¿°¬ F∂nh kw_-‘n-®p-f-f-XmWv Cu \nb-aw.

]©m-bØv `qan Af∂v Xncn®p Xcp-∂-Xn\v Xl-kn¬Zm¿°v ]©m-bØv At]£ \¬In-bm¬

BbXv Af∂v Xncn®p Xcp-∂-Xn\v Xmeq°v k¿t∆-b¿°v _m≤y-X-bp-≠v. Cu Bh-iy-Øn\v ]Ww

H∂pw AS-t°-≠-Xn-√.

29.14. _tbm ssUth-gvkn‰n BIvSv 2002

Cu \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v F√m Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw Ah-cpsS A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-°p-f-fn¬ ssPh

sshhn[y \S-Øn∏p IΩn-‰n-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fp-ambn Btem-Nn®v P\-Iob

ssPhsshhn[y cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-t°≠ Np-a-X-e- Cu IΩn-‰n°p-≠v. Xt±-io-b-amb ssPh-hn-`h-

ß-fpsS e`y-X, X’w-_-‘-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ, Huj[ KpW-ßƒ, \m´-dn-hp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh Cu cPn-Ã-

dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

skI-´-dn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p-ff Ãm‰yq-´dn Npa-X-e-Ifpambn _‘-s∏-´h

29.15. tIcfm ]ªnIv sse_-dokv BIvSv 1999

Kma-]-©m-bØv ]tZ-i-Øp≈ sIńS DS-a-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]ncn-s®-Sp-°p∂ sse_dn sk v (hkvXp

\nIp-Xn-bpsS 5%) kvt‰‰v sse_dn Iu¨kn-en\v AS-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv. \n›nX ka-b-ØnIw AS-

bv°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ ]Xn-amkw 2% ]ng-tbm-Sp-IqSn AS-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv.

29.16. tIcf tem°¬ ^≠v BUn‰v BIvSv 1994

tem°¬ AtXm-dn‰nIfpsS `c-W-Ønepw \nb-¥-W-Ønepw D≈ tem°¬ ^≠p-I-fpsS BUn-‰n-

\p≈ \nbaw BWn-Xv. tem°¬ ^≠v BUn‰v hIp-∏n-\mWv CXns‚ Npa-X-e.

kmº-ØnI h¿jw Ah-km-\n®v 4 amk-Øn-\Iw B h¿jsØ IW°v BUn-‰¿am¿°v \¬I-

Ww. hogvN hcp-Øn-bm¬ 3000/˛ cq] hsc tImSXn apJm-¥ncw in-£n°-s∏-Smw.

tcJ-Iƒ lmP-cm-°m\pw DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ-t\mSv lmP-cm-Im≥ \n¿t±-in-°\pw BUn-

‰¿am¿°v A[n-Imcw \¬Ip-∂p. BUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v e`n-®m¬ AXn-\p≈ adp-]Sn 2 amk-Øn-\Iw \¬I-

Ww.

BUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v ]Imcw GsX-¶nepw C\-Øn¬ XpI \jvSw hcp-Øn-bn´ps≠-¶n¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-

I-fn¬ \n∂pw BbXv CuSm-°m-\m-h-iy-amb k¿Nm¿÷v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ BUn‰v hIp-∏n\v

A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.

29.17. tIcfm ]ªnIv _n¬UnwKvkv (F-hnIvj≥ Hm v A¨ HmX-ssdkvUv HmIyp-

s]≥kv) BIvSv 1968

s]mXp-sI-ń-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂v A\-[n-IrX ssIh-i-°msc Hgn-∏n-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n® \nb-a-am-Wn-Xv.

s]mXp sIńSw F∂m¬ k¿°m-cn-t‚tbm tem°¬ AtXm-dn-‰n-bp-tS-tbm- kz-¥-am-bn-´p-≈tXm ]m´-

Øn-s\-Sp-ØtXm Bb sIńSw F∂¿∞-am-Ip-∂p.

A\-[n-IrX ssIh-im-h-Imiw Hgn-∏n-°m-\p≈ A[n-Imcw FtÃ‰v Bô-k¿°m-Wv. ]©m-bØv

hkvXp-°-fpsS FtÃ‰v Bô-k¿ skI-´-dn-bm-Wv. \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ ]men-®p-thWw A\-[n-IrX Hgn-

∏n-°¬ \S-Øp-hm≥.

A\-[n-IrX ssIh-i-°m-c≥ A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn D]-tbm-Kn® Ime-tØ°v FtÃ‰v Bô-k¿ \n›-

bn-°p∂ \jvSw AS-bv°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-\-m-Wv.

1

166


_‘-s∏´ A\p-_‘ \nb-a-ßƒ29

29.18. tIcf tem°¬ AtXm-dn-‰okv tem¨kv BIvSv 1963.

tem°¬ AtXm-dn-‰n°v k¿°m-cn¬ \nt∂m k¿°m¿ A\p-a-Xn-

tbmsS a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \nt∂m hmbv] hmßp-∂-Xn-\v Cu \nb-aØnse

hyh-ÿ-Iƒ _m[-I-amWv. tem°¬ AtXm-dn-‰nbpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ

\n¿∆-ln-°p-∂n-\pw a‰p-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ°mWv tem¨ Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-

hp-∂-Xv. tem¨ Cu BIvSv ]Imcw hmbv] FSp-°p-∂-Xn\v k¿°m-

cns‚ A\p-aXn Bh-iy-am-Wv.

29.19. P\\˛acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nbaw 1969

Hcp ]©m-bØv AXn¿Øn-bn¬ \S-°p∂ F√m P\-\hpw ac-Whpw

Cu \nb-a -]-Imcw ]©m-b-Øn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNøWw. skI-´-dn-bmWv

cPn-kvSm¿. ]©m-bØv U]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿, ]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS¿

F∂n-h¿ bYm-Iaw Pn√m cPn-kvSmdpw No^v cPn-kvSm-dp-am-Wv.

P\\˛acW cPn-kvtS-j≥ ˛ Iºyq- ¿h¬IrX kwhn-[m\w

F√m Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw \Kck`-I-fnepw P\-\-˛-a-cW cPn-kvtS-

j≥ tkh-\- -kn-hn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥ F∂ Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm v‰v shb-

¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv \S-Øp-∂-Xv. AXn-\mbn Hm¨sse≥ Iºyq- ¿ kwhn-

[m\w ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. k¿ń- n-°-‰p-Iƒ Uu¨temUv sNbvXv ]n‚ v

sNbvsX-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff kwhn-[m-\hpw \ne-hn-ep-≠v.

29.20. s]mXp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥ N -ßƒ 2008

F√m aX-hn-`m-K-ß-fnepw D≈h¿ Ah-c-h-cpsS BNmca\p-k-cn®v \S-Øp∂ F√m hnhm-l-ßƒ

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øn¬ \n¿_-‘-ambpw cPn-Ã¿ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-f-f-XmWv Cu \nb-aw. IqSmsX

kvs]j¬ amtcyPv BIvSv A\p-k-cn®v cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-Ønb kwK-Xn-I-fnepw Cu \nba]Imcw

]©m-b-Øn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. cPn-kvtS-j\v tijw e`n-°p∂ k¿ń-^n-°‰v hnhmlw \-

S-∂Xns‚ sXfn-hmbn IW-°m-°pw.

29.21. lnµp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥ \nbaw 1955

2007 se s]mXp-hnhml N´-ßƒ IqSmsX lnµp aXm-Nm-c-a-\p-k-cn®v \S-°p∂ F√m hnhm-l-ß-

fpw Cu \nb-a-]-Imcw ]©m-b-Øn¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNømhp-∂-Xm-Wv.

s]mXp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥, lnµp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥-

Iºyq- ¿h¬IrX kwhn-[m\w

s]mXp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥, lnµp-hn-hml cPn-kvtS-j≥ F∂nh

tkh\ knhn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥ F∂ Bπn-t°-j≥ tkm^v‰v shb¿

D]-tbm-Kn®v Iºyq-´¿h¬IrX kwhn-[m-\-Øn-emWv F√m Kma]-©m-

b-Øp-I-fnepw \K-c-k- -I-fnepw \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv. cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-Øn

an\n -´p -Iƒ°Iw Xs∂ k¿ń -^n -°-‰p -Iƒ e`n -°p -∂p. IqSmsX

www.cr.kerala.gov.in F∂ sh_v ssk‰n¬ \n∂pw Uu¨temUv sNbvXv

]n‚ v FSpØpw k¿ń-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

167

29.22. hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw 2005

P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\Øn¬ P\-ß-fnemWv ]c-am-[n-Imcw \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠p

Xs∂ `c-W-Imcy-ßfnse kq£va-amb Adnhv Hcp ]uc\v e`n-°p-hm-\p-ff `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb Ah-

Im-i-Øns‚ \nZm-\-amWv hnh-cm-h-Imi \nb-aw. Cu \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v GsXmcp ]u-c\pw ]©m-b-

Ønse tcJ-I-fpsS ]I¿t∏m hnh-ctam Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ 30 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw \evIn-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]©m-

b-Ønse ]ªn°v C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k¿ sk-I-´-dn-bm-Wv. C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-ksd klm-bn-°p-

hm≥ Akn-Ã‚ v C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-kdpw (kq-]≠v/slUv¢m¿°v) D≠v. C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hmô-k-

dpsS Xocp-am-\-Øn-t∑¬ ]©m-bØv sU]yqń Ub-d-IvS¿°v A∏o¬ \¬Im\pw Cu \nb-a-Øn¬

hyhÿ sNøp-∂p.

hnh-cm-h-Im-ihpw ]ucm-h-Im-ihpw sh_vssk-‰n¬

hnh-cm-h-Imi \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v ]uc-∑m¿°v e`n-t°≠ F√m hnh-c-

ßfpw ]ucm-h-Imi tcJbpw ]©m-b-Øns‚ sh_vssk‰n¬ e`y-am-

Wv. www.lsgkerala.gov.in F∂ sh_vssk-‰n¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm ]©m-b-

Øn-s‚bpw sh_vssk‰v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Cu sh_v ssk‰nse hnh-

c-ßƒ ka-bm-k-abw ]pXp-°pI F∂Xv ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-

bm-Wv.

1

168


_‘-s∏´ A\p-_‘ \nb-a-ßƒ29

alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn

30

30.1. \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

30.2. sXmgn¬ Im¿Uv

30.3. sXmgn-en-\p≈ At]£

30.4. t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ

30.5. te_¿ _P‰v

30.6. hm¿jnI I¿Ω-]-≤Xn

30.7. \n¿∆-lW coXn

30.8. aÃ¿tdmƒ

30.9. ta‰v

30.10. t]mPIv‰v ao‰nwKv

30.11. thX\w \¬I¬

30.12. ]Wn-ÿ-esØ kuIcyw

30.13. NnIn’m kuI-cy-ßƒ

30.14. tamWn-‰-dnwKv

30.15. P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS -]¶ v

kzmX-¥ym-\-¥c `mc-X-Øn¬ \S-∏m-°nb \nc-h[n sXmgn¬Zm\ ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw XnI®pw

thdn´v \n¬°p-∂Xpw FSpØv ]d-tb≠ H´-\-h[n khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≈-Xp-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-bmWv

alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn. 2005 sk]vXw-_¿ amkw 5˛mw XobXn C¥y≥

]m¿e-sa‚ v ]m m-°nb \nb-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ 2006 s^_p-hcn apX¬ tIc-f-Ønepw Cu

]≤Xn \S∏n-em°n hcp-I-bm-Wv. Kma-]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ GsXmcp IpSpw-_-Øn\pw Hcp

kmº-ØnI h¿jw 100 Znh-ksØ sXmgn¬ Cu sXmgn¬Zm\-]-≤Xn Dd-∏m-°p-∂p. sXmgn¬ sImSp-

°m≥ Ign-™n√ F¶n¬ sXmgn-¬clnX thX\w \¬tI≠n hcp-∂p. sXmgn¬ sNøm≥ Xøm-dp≈

KmaoW P\-X°v sXmgn¬ sNøm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw \nbaw aqew Dd-∏p-\¬Ip∂p F∂-XmWv Cu ]≤-

Xn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X.

sXmgn¬ sNøm\pw thX\w e`n-°m\pw sXmgn¬ sNøp∂Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ A\p-_-‘-ku-I-cy-

ßƒ e`n-°m-\pap≈ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°v Cu \nbaw ]m_eyw e`n-°p-∂p. ]≤-Xn-

169

sb-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw apX¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥, sXmgn¬Im¿Uv e`n-°¬, A\p-_-‘-ku-

I-cy-ßƒ e`n-°¬, ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn thX\w e`n-°¬, kpXm-cyX Dd-∏m-°¬, tcJ-Iƒ ]cn-tim-

[n-°¬ XpS-ßnb tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v hsc-bp≈ Hmtcm L´-Ønepw th≠ Imcy-ßƒ \nb-a-Øn¬

hy‡-ambn \n¿∆-Nn-®n-´p-≠v.

30.1. \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ

Kma-]-©m-bØv ]tZ-iØv ÿnc-Xm-a-k-amb sXmgn¬ sNøm≥ Xmev]-cy-ap≈ 18 hb v ]q¿Øn-

bmb GsXm-cmƒ°pw Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬ t]cv cPn-k-v‰¿ sNømw. ]©m-bØv skI-´-dn-bmWv cPn-kvtS-

j≥ Hmô-k¿. cPnkvtS-j\v ka-b-]-cn-[ntbm F.]n-.F¬./_n.]n-.F¬. hyXym-ktam C√. cPn-Ã¿

sNbvX sXmgn-em-fn-IfpsS enÃv ]©m-b-Øn¬ ]kn-≤-s∏SpØp-∂-XmWv. At]£ e`n-®m¬ 15 Znh-

k-Øn-\Iw At\z-jWw \SØn cPn-kvtSj≥ \¬In-bn-cn-°-Ww.

30.2. sXmgn¬ Im¿Uv

cPn-Ã¿ sNbvX IpSpw-_-Øn\v t^mt´m ]Xn®v sXmgn¬ Im¿Uv \¬I-Ww. sXmgn¬ Im¿Un¬

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ cPn-Ã¿ sNbvX AwK-ß-fpsS hnh-c-ßƒ tN¿Øn-cn-°-Ww. sXmgn¬ \¬In-bXpw

thX\w \¬In-bXpamb F√m hnh-c-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ kuI-cy-ßfpw sXmgn¬Im¿Un¬

D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

30.3. sXmgn-en-\p≈ At]£

sXmgn¬ Im¿Uv e`n-®m¬ sXmgn¬ e`n-°m≥ ]©m-b-Øn¬ At]£ ka¿∏n-°Ww. CXn\v

]tXyI t^md-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√. sXmgn¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\mWv Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬ ap≥K-W\ \¬tI≠Xv.

sXmgn¬ HuZm-cy-a√ Ah-Im-i-am-sW∂v Dd-∏m-°p-∂p. sXmgn¬ In´mØ Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw sXmgn¬

Bh-iy-ambn hcp-tºmgpw Cu ]≤Xn sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v ]tbm-P-\-ambn hcp-∂p. At]£ \¬In 15

Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ sXmgn¬ \¬I-Ww.

30.4. t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ

Hmtcm ]©m-b-Ønepw sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn ]Imcw sXmgn¬ \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ

ap≥Iqń Xøm-dm°n hbv°-Ww.-A-b¬°q-´-X-e-Øn¬ N¿® sNbvXv \n¿t±-i-ßƒ k-am-l-cn-°p-Ibpw

hm¿Uv Xe-Øn¬ Ah tImUo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXv thWw t]mPIv‰v Kma-k-`-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\°v

htc-≠-Xv. Kma-k-`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Bh-iy-amb t`Z-KXnItfmsS ap≥K-W-\m-I-a-

Øn¬ t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ kam-l-cn®v sj¬ v Hm v t]mPIv‰v B°n am‰n ]©m-bØv Xe-Øn¬ tImUo-

I-cn®v hbv°-Ww. ]©m-b-Øns‚ I¿Ω-]-≤Xn Cu t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ IqSn tN¿Ø-Xm-I-Ww.

30.5. te_¿ _P‰v

]©m-b-Øn¬ ap≥h¿jw cPn-Ã¿ sNbvX sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS FÆw, sXmgn¬ Bh-iy-°m¿,

]h¿Øn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp h¿jw ]Wn°v hcm≥ km[y-X-bp≈ IpSpw-_-ß-

fpsS FÆw, sXmgn¬Zn-\-ßƒ, AXn-\m-h-iy-amb thX-\-˛-

km-[-\-L-S-I-ßƒ F∂nh Xn´-s∏-SpØn Kma-]-©m-bØv

te_¿ _-P‰v Xøm-dm-°Ww. te_¿ _P‰v Xøm-dm-°p∂

]h¿Ø-\hpw Ab¬°q-´-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Bcw-`n-t°-≠-Xv.

30.6. hm¿jnI I¿Ω-]-≤Xn

te_¿ _P-‰n-s‚bpw ]©m-b-Øv Xøm-dm-°p∂ t]mP-

Iv‰p-Ifpw tN¿ØmWv hm¿jnI I¿Ω-]-≤Xn AwKo-I-cn®p

alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW

sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn1

170

30

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. hm¿jnI I¿Ω-]-≤Xn AwKo-I-cn®p Ign-™m¬ AXv Pn√m-]-©m-b-Øns‚ AwKo-

Im-c-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°-Ww. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ ]h¿Øn-I-fmWv Gs‰-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xv.

1. Pe-kw-c-£-Whpw Pe-s°mbvØpw

2. hcƒ®-X-S-b¬ (h\-h¬°-cWw, hr£-ßƒ \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°¬)

3. sNdp-InS Pe-tk-N\w

4. ]ń-I-PmXn ]ń-I-h¿§ IpSpw-_-ßƒ, IAY, EMS ]≤-Xn-bn¬ hoSv e`n-®h¿, Bib IpSpw-_-ßƒ,

`q]-cn-jv-°-cW \nb-a-Øns‚ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS `qan-bnse `qhn-I-k-\w, Pe-kw-c-£Ww

5. ]c-º-cm-KX Pe-tkm-X- p-I-fpsS ]p\-cp-≤m-cWw

6. Im¿jnI`qhn-I-k\w

7. sh≈-s∏m° \nb-¥W ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

8. Kma-]-tZ-i-ßƒ XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p∂ tdmUp-I-fpsS \n¿ΩmWw (BsI ]hr-Øn-I-fpsS 10%

F∂ ]cn-[n°v hnt[-b-am-bn)

9. \o¿Ø-S-am-Ã¿ πm≥ AwKo-I-cn® ]tZ-i-ßfnse 2 slIvS¿ hscbp≈ I¿j-I-cp-sS `qhn-I-k\

]≤-Xn-Iƒ H‰-Ø-hW Gs‰-Sp-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

30.7. \n¿∆-lW coXn

AwKo-Imcw e`n® ]≤-Xn-I-fnep≈ t]mP-Iv‰p-Iƒ hni-Z-amb FÃn-ta‰v F©n-\o-b¿/Hmh¿kn-b¿

Xøm-dm-°-Ww. AXn\v kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn e`y-am-°-Ww. ]©m-bØv/tªm°vX-e-Øn¬ cq]o-I-cn-®n-

´p≈ IΩn-‰n-I-fmWv kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn \¬tI-≠-Xv.

kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-aXn e`n® ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°p∂ apdbv°v _n.-]n.H. (tªm°v t]mP-I‰v Hmô-

k¿) hn¬ \n∂v aÃ¿tdmƒ hmßWw.

30.8. aÃ¿tdmƒ

sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS lmPcpw thX-\hpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp kp]-[m\ tcJ-bmWv aÃ¿tdmƒ.

_n.-]n.H. \evIp∂ aÃ¿tdmƒ amXta D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ cmhnsebpw sshIo´pw

aÃ¿tdm-fn¬ H∏n-S-Ww. cmhnse 9 aWn apX¬ hIn´v 5 aWn hsc-bmWv ]hrØn-k-a-bw. Hcp ]Wn

ÿeØv an\naw 10 sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ D≠m-IWw. 40 sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ÿeØv Hcp

ta‰v D≠m-I-Ww. 40 ¬ Xmsg-bmWv sXmgn-em-fn-I-sf-¶n¬ Ah-cn¬ Hcmƒ ta‰ns‚ Npa-Xe hln°Ww.

kmt¶-XnI ta¬t\m´w hln-°p-∂-Xn\v ]©m-b-Øn¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`mKw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

30.9. ta‰v

]hrØn \S-°p∂ ÿeØv sXmgn-em-fn-Isf kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI ]hrØn-Iƒ IrXy-ambn \S-Øp-I,

A\p-_-‘-ku-I-cy-ßƒ Hcp-°pI km[-\-km-a-Kn-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøpI XpS-ßnb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v

Npa-X-e-°m-cm-bn- ta‰p-amsc \nb-an-°p-∂p. Hcp hm¿Un¬ ap≥h¿jw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Znhkw sXmgn-

ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-bn¬ ]hrØn-sb-SpØ IpSpw-_-Ønse/IpSpw-_-ß-fnse AwK-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv ta‰p-

amsc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. ]Ømw ¢m v hsc-sb-¶nepw hnZym-`ymkw D≈ h\n-X-I-fm-bn-cn-°Ww

ta‰v. hm¿UvXe tImHm¿Un-t\-j≥ IΩn‰n ta‰p-amsc \n¿t±-in-t°-≠Xpw ]©m-bØv Xocp-am\]Imcw

skI- dn \nba\ DØ-chv \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv. ]Wn-ÿ-e-ku-I-cy-ßƒ e`y-am-°p-I, t]mPIv‰v ao‰nwKv

\S-Øp-I, an\n‰vkv Xøm-dm-°p-I, hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßƒ AS-ßnb t_m¿Uv ÿm]n-°p-I, aÃ¿tdmƒ, ssk‰v

Ubdn F∂nh FgpXn kq£n-°p-I, cPn-tkvtS-j\pw sXmgn¬Im¿Uv hnX-c-W-Øn\pw klmbw

\¬IpI, t^mt´m-Km-^p-Iƒ FSp-∏n-°p-I, Af-hp-Iƒ FSp-∏n-°p-I, sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ \n›nX kabw

sXmgn¬ sNøp∂p F∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI, aÃ¿tdmƒ, ssk‰v Ubdn F∂nh bYm-k-abw Fgp-Xn-

171

]q¿Øn-bm°n H∏n-Sp-hn®v ]©m-b-Øn¬ FØn-°p-I, A]-I-S-ß-fn¬s∏Sp∂ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v NnIn-

’m-ku-Icyw FØn-°p-I, thX\w e`y-am-°pI F∂n-h-bmWv ta‰ns‚ Npa-Xe.

30.10. t]mPIv‰v ao‰nwKv

]hrØn°v c-Wm-\p-a-Xnbpw kmt¶-Xn-Im-\p-a-Xnbpw e`n-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]©m-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw ssk‰v

Ub-dn, aÃ¿tdmƒ F∂nh hmßn-b-tijw ]hrØn XpS-ßp∂ ÿeØv ]hrØn-bpsS Xte Znh-

ktam ]hrØn-Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xn\v Hcp aWn-°q¿ aptºm sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS tbmKw tN¿∂v ]hrØn-

bpsS hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßƒ N¿®-sN-ø-Ww. hm¿Uv saº¿ IqSn ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Cu tbmKsØbmWv t]mPIv‰v

ao‰nwKv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.

30.11. thX\w \¬I¬

]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-bm¬ F©n-\o-b¿/Hmh¿kn-b¿ Af-sh-SpØv Fw _p°n¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØWw.

a‰v ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ Ign™v _n¬ Xøm-dm°n skI-´dn A¿l-amb thX\w sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v

_m¶n-ep≈ A°u-≠n-te°v \¬Ip-∂p.

]pcp-j\pw kvXo°pw Xpey-th-X-\-amWv \¬tI-≠-Xv. thX\ \nc°v Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ k¿°m¿

\n›-bn-°p-∂-Xp- t]msebmbn-cn°pw. \ne-hn¬ Ahn-ZKv≤ sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS thX\w 180 cq]-bm-Wv.

30.12. ]Wn-ÿ-esØ kuIcyw

sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb kuIcyw ]Wn-ÿ-eØv Hcp-°n-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. hni-an-°¬, Ipń-

Isf ]cn-N-cn-°¬ F∂nhbv°mh-iy-amb kuI-cy-ßƒ.

30.13. NnIn’m kuI-cy-ßƒ

]Y-a-ip-iqj acp-∂p-Iƒ \n¿_-‘-ambpw D≠m-I-Ww. ]Wn-ÿ-eØv h®v A]-ISw kw`hn-°p∂

sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS NnIn’m sNe-hp-Iƒ sXmgn-ep-d∏v ^≠n¬ \n∂v hln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Bip-]-Xn-

sN-e-hp-Iƒ, Bip-]Xn-bn¬ InS∂ Znh-ksØ thX-\w, hml-\-°qen F∂nh \¬I-Ww. ]Wn-ÿ-

eØv h®v A]-I-Sw, ac-Ww, ÿnc-amb Ah-iX F∂nh kw`-hn-®m¬ 25000/- cq] \¬I-Ww.

30.14. tamWn-‰-dnwKv

]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏ns‚ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂p-s≠∂v

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw tamWn-‰-dnwKv Bh-iy-am-Wv. hm¿UvXe hnPn-e≥kv tamWn-‰-dnwKv IΩn‰n cq]o-

I-cn®v tamWn-‰-dnwKv \S-Ø-Ww. tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS Hcp ]tXy-IX IqSn-bm-Wv.

30.15. P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-sS -]¶v

Kmao-W-P-\-Xsb Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ \n∂pw hni-∏n¬ \n∂pw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v \n-baw aqew sXmgn¬

Hc-h-Im-i-ambn am‰p∂ alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤-Xn-bpsS hnP-b-Øn-\mbn

F√m hn`mKw P\-ß-fp-sSbpw F√m P\-Iob kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]¶v hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. AXv ]c-

am-h[n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØm≥ ]©m-bØv ian-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

1

172

alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW

sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn30

`cW `mj ˛ amXr- mj

31

C¥y-bnse kwÿm-\-ßƒ `mj-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]p\:kwhn-[m\w sNbvX-Xns‚ ê-ambn

1956 \hw-_¿ 1 \v tIcf kwÿm\w cq]o-Icn-®p. 1957 apX¬ Hu-tZymKnI `mj-bmbn ae-bmfw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn. `c-W-Øns‚ F√m Xe-ß-fnepw HutZym-KnI `mj-

bmbn Ign-bp-∂X ae-bmfw amXta D]-tbm-Kn-°mhq F∂-XmWv k¿°m-cns‚ HutZym-KnI `mjm

\bw. CXn-te-°mbn k¿°m¿ ]e ]≤-Xn-Ifpw Bhn-jv°-cn®p \S-∏n-em-°n-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.

1969 se tIcf HutZym-KnI mj-Iƒ BIvSmWv (1969 se 7- mw \º¿) HutZym-KnI mj kw_-‘n®

hyh-ÿ-Iƒ AS-ßnb \nb-aw. 1969 se tIcf HutZym-KnI `mj (\n-ba \n¿Ωm-Ww) BIvSv F∂m-bn-

cp∂p BIvSns‚ bYm¿∞ t]cv. Cu BIvSnse t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 1973 se (1973-

˛se 15) t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ ]Imcw Nne ]pXnb hyh-ÿ-Iƒ IqSn Dƒs∏-SpØn BIvSns‚ t]cv tIcf

HutZym-KnI `mj (\n-ba \n¿ΩmWw) F∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw tIcf HutZym-KnI `mj-Iƒ BIvSv F∂m-°n.

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 346, 347 A\p-t—-Z-ß-fnse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p `wKw hcmsX kwÿm-\sØ

F√mtam As√-¶n¬ GsX-¶n-eptam HutZym-KnI Bh-iy-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ `mj-Iƒ ae-bm-fhpw

Cw•ojpw Bbn-cn-°Ww F∂ hyhÿ BIvSn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn (1- F) hIp-∏v). `c-W-L-S-\-bnse 345,

346, 347 A\p-t—-Z-ß-fnemWv ]mtZ-inI `mj kw_-‘n® hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈-Xv.

k¿°m-cn-\v, A∏-t∏mƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m-hp∂ hn⁄m-]\w hgn, hn⁄m-]-\-Øn¬ \n¿t±-in-°m-

hp∂ ]Im-c-ap≈ HutZym-KnI Bh-iy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v ae-bm-ftam Cw•otjm D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-

XmWv F∂v \n¿t±-in-°m-hp∂XmWv (1(-_n) hIp-∏v).

I∂-U, Xangv `mjm \yq\-]-£-ßƒ°v Ah-cpsS `mjm Xmev]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

]tXyI hyh-ÿ-Iƒ BIvSn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn (h-Ip∏v 3). skI-t´-dnt-b-‰nepw hIp∏p A≤y-£-∑m-

cpsS Hmô-kp-I-fnepw `mjm \yq\-]£ ]tZ-i-ß-fmbn k¿°m¿ ]Jym-]n-®n-´p≈ ]tZ-i-ß-fnse

F√m k¿°m¿ Hmô-kp-I-fnepw I∂-Ubpw Xangpw `mj-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw

`mjm \yq\-]-£-ßƒ°p-≠v. I∂-Ubpw Xangpw D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ a‰p `mjm \yq\-]-£-°m¿°v

Cw•ojv mj D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂Xpw Aß-s\-bp≈ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ Ah¿°v Cw•o-jn¬ adp-]Sn \¬Im-

hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Imk¿tKmUv Pn√-bn¬ Xn`mjm kº-Zm-b-amWv \S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. I∂-U, ae-bm-fw,

Cw•ojv F∂o Xn`m-j-I-fmWv AhnsS D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp `mjbv°v \yq\-]£ ]Zhn e`n-

°-W-sa-¶n¬ `mj kwkm-cn-°p-∂-h¿ kwÿm-\sØ samØw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS ]Xn-\©p iX-am-\-

am-bn-cn-°Ww.

BIvSnse A[n-Imcw hn\n-tbm-Kn®p tIcf k¿°m¿ \mfn-Xp--h-sc-bmbn 73 k¿°m¿ hIp-∏p-I-

fnepw skI-t´-dn-b-‰nse Ah-bpsS `cW hIp-∏p-I-fnepw \n-ba-]-c-ambn Cw•ojpw \yq\-]£ `mj-

Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ kwK-Xn-I-fn-sem-gn-sI, HutZym-KnI `mj-bmbn aebm-fw

D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±in®pp-sIm≠v hn⁄m-]-\-ßƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v. 1˛8˛1985 se 7223/

Hu`m3/85/D`-]-h. hn⁄m-]-\- ]Imcw (F-kv.-B¿.-H. \w. 1129/85) 1˛9-˛1985 apX¬ ]©m-bØv hIp-

∏n¬ c-W - mj ae-bm-f-am-°n-s°m≠v k¿°m¿ DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. IqSmsX GXm\pw

kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw s]mXp-ta-Je ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw HutZym-KnI `mj-bmbn ae-bmfw D]-

tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-≠v. ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-js‚ apJy Hmô-knepw F√m Pn√m

173

Hmô-kp-I-fnepw 2002 \hw-_¿ H∂p apX¬ -Hu-tZym-KnI `mj-bmbn ae-bmfw D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v

\n¿t±iw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p≠v (25-˛10-˛2002 se 46/2002 D`]-h. \º¿ hn⁄m-]-\w).

tImSXn `mj ae-bm-f-am-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v ]Tn®v dnt∏m¿´v \¬Ip∂Xn\mbn PÃokv sI.-sI.

\tcµ≥ A≤y-£-\mbn Hcp IΩn‰n k¿°m¿ 1985 ¬ cq]o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. hfsc hni-Z-amb

]T\w \S-Øn-bmWv At±lw dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-®-Xv. sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS Iogn-ep≈ F√m knhn¬,

Inan-\¬ tImS-Xn-I-fnepw hn[n\ymb-ßƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]pd-s∏-Sp-

hn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hni-Z-amb ]mtbm-KnI am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ dnt∏m¿ń-ep-≠v.

HutZym-KnI `mj ae-bm-f-am-°p∂ ]Inb Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw `mjm-am‰ ]ptcm-KXn Ah-

tem-I\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn Xmeq-°v-˛-Pn-√m-˛-h-Ip-∏v-˛-kw-ÿm\ Xe-ß-fn¬ HutZym-KnI `mjm kan-

Xn-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX apJy-a¥n A≤y-£-\m-bp≈ HutZym-KnI `mj D∂X Xe kan-

Xnbpw cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

2012 Pqsse 9 se k¿°m¿ DØ-chv (I-sø-gp-Øv) \w. 33/2012/D`-]-h. ]Imcw hIp-∏p-Xe HutZym-

KnI `mjm kan-Xn-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v DØ-chp ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ae-bmfw HutZym-

KnI `mj-bmbn ]Jym-]n-®n-´p≈ F√m hIp-∏p-I-fn-sebpw hIp∏p Xe-h-∑m¿ A≤y-£-∑m-cmbn hIp-

∏p-Xe kan-Xn-I¬ cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. aq∂p amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ tbmKw tNtc≠ CØcw kan-

Xn-I-fpsS tbmK-ß-fn¬ HutZym-KnI `mjm hIp-∏ns‚ Hcp ]Xn-\n-[nsb IqSn \nco-£-I-\mbn ]s¶-

Sp-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. HutZym-KnI `mj kwÿm-\-Xe kan-Xn-bnse AwK-ßfpw tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. tbmK-Ønse N¿®-Ifpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw bYm-k-abw HutZym-KnI `mjm hIp-∏ns\

Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

No^v skI-´dn A≤y-£-\m-bn-´p≈ kwÿm-\-Xe HutZym-KnI `mj kanXn \mev amk-Øn-sem-

cn-°¬ tbmKw tNtc-≠-Xm-Wv. DtZym-Kÿ `c-W-]-cn-jvImc (Hu-tZym-KnI `mj) hIp∏v skI-´-dn,

HutZym-KnI mj-bmbn ae-bmfw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ skI-t´-dn-b-‰nse F√m h-Ip-∏p-I-fn-sebpw ]n≥kn-

∏¬ skI-´-dn-am¿, hIp∏v A≤y-£-∑m¿, ,Pn√m If-IvS¿am¿, HutZym-KnI `mjm hIp-∏nse `mjm-hn-

Z-Kv[≥ F∂n-h¿ CXn¬ AwK-ß-fm-Wv. HutZym-KnI `mj hIp∏v sU]yqń skI-´dn kan-Xn-bpsS

I¨ho-\-dm-Wv.

_lp:apJy-a¥n A≤y-£-\m-bp≈ HutZym-Kn-I-`mj, D∂-X-Xe kanXn Bdp amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬

tbmKw IqtS-≠-Xm-Wv.

`c-W-`mj am‰w Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw HutZym-KnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ \nXyhpw \nc-¥-chpw D]-tbm-

Kn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ Cw•ojv ]Z-ß-fpsS ]cn-`mj s]s´∂v Is≠-Øp-hm\pw Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw DØ-c-hp-Ifpw

a‰pw efn-X-ambn ae-bm-f-Øn-se-gp-Xp-hm-\mbn k¿°m¿ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hnhn[ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ ]kn-

≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v.

1. `cW i_vZm-hen ˛ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v HutZym-KnI `mj

(\n-ba \n¿ΩmW IΩo-j≥)

2. \nba i_vZm-hen ˛ HutZym-KnI `mj (\n-ba \n¿ΩmW

IΩo-j≥)

3. Cw•ojv ˛ ae-bmfw `cW i_vZ klmbn ˛ DtZym-K-ÿ-`-cW ]cn-jvImc

(Hu-tZym-KnI `mj) hIp∏v

4. ]Z-tImiw ˛ hnh-c-˛-s]m-Xp-P\ kº¿° hIp∏v

`cW `mj ˛ amXr- mj1

174

31

5. `c-W-`mjm ]T\ ]≤Xn ˛ hnh-c-˛-s]m-Xp-P\ kº¿° hIp∏v

6. `c-W-`mjm kw_-‘n-ambn tIcf k¿°m¿

]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p≈ ][m\ DØ-c-hp-Ifpw

k¿°p-e-dp-Ifpw ˛ DtZym-Kÿ `c-W-]cnjvImc (Hu.-`m.) hIp∏v

7. `c-W-`mj ]tbmK ]≤Xn ˛ DtZym-Kÿ `cW ]cn-jvImc

(Hu-tZym-KnI `mj) hIp∏v

8. tIma¨ t•m dn ˛ HutZym-KnI `mj (\n-ba \n¿ΩmW)

IΩo-j≥

`c-W-Øns‚ hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬ ae-bmf mj-bpsS D]-tbmKw km¿h-Xn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn tIcf

k¿°m¿ Bhn-jvI-cn®v \S-∏n-em-°nb ]pc-kvIm-c-amWv ˛ `c-W-`mjm ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ. ae-bm-f-Øn¬

sNbvX tPmen-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ¢m v 3 hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ kwÿm\ Poh-\-°m¿°v \evIp∂

`c-W-`mjm tkh\ ]pc-kvIm-chpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ HutZym-KnI `mj kw_-‘n-®p≈ kzX¥ IrXn-

Iƒ cNn-°p∂ kwÿm\ Poh-\-°m¿°v \evIp∂ `c-W-`mjm KŸ-c-N-\m-]p-c-kvIm-c-hpw, `c-W-

`mjm tkh\ ]pc-kvIm-c-Øn\v H∂mw kΩm\w 10,000 cq]bpw c≠mw kΩm\w 5000 cq]bpw IqSmsX

k¿ń-^n-°‰pw sImSp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. `c-W-`mjm KŸcN\m ]pc-kvIm-c-Øn\pw CtX ]Xn-êamWv

\evIp-∂-Xv. F√m h¿jhpw `c-W-`mj hmcm-tLm-j-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®p kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ kwÿm\

Xe ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ e`n® hnhcw k¿∆okv _p°n¬

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.

F√m hIp-∏p-Ifpw \ntXy\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ N´-ß-fpw, tImUp-I-fpw, md-ßfpw ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v

AXXv hIp-∏p-Xs∂ ]cn-`mjs∏SpØn HutZym-Kn-I mjm hIp-∏ns‚ kq£va-]-cn-tim-[-\-°mbn Ab-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kq£va-]-cn-tim-[\ \SØn XncnsI Ab-°p∂ CØcw tImUp-Ifpw a‰pw AXXv hIp-

∏p-Xs∂ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. t\cn-´p≈ Hcp ]cn-`m-jbpw HutZym-KnI `mjm hIp∏v \S-Øp-

∂n√.

ae-bmf `mj Iºyq-´¿h-ev°-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn en]n hnI-e-am-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ ae-bmfw

tkm v‰v shb-dp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-hm≥ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂v HutZym-KnI mj kw_‘n® kanXn

(2011-˛2014) ip]m¿i sNbvXn-´p-≠v. sF.-Sn. anj-\p-ambn kl-I-cn®p A£b sk‚-dp-Iƒ hgn Pn√m-X-

e-Ønepw Xmeq°p Xe-Ønepw ae-bmfw tkm^v‰v shb-dn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e\w Poh-\-°m¿°v \¬tI-

≠-Xm-Wv. skI-t´-dn-b-‰nse ssS∏nwKv tPmen-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ F√m Poh-\-°m¿°pw Cw•o-jv-˛-a-

e-bmfw F∂ hnth-N\w IqSmsX ae-bmfw ssS∏v sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xoh ]cn-io-e\w \evI-W-sa∂v

kanXn ip]m¿i sNbvXn-´p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ Poh-\-°m¿°v ae-bmfw ssS∏nw-Kn¬ ]cn-io-e\w \evI-W-

sa∂pw kanXn ip]m¿i sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

Nne \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

1. Cw•o-jn¬ hcp∂ IØp-Iƒ°v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ad-p]Sn sImSp-°p-I.

2. ^b-ep-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ kmt¶-XnI kz`m-h-ap≈ ]Z-ßƒ°v kam\ A¿∞-ap≈ ae-bmf ]Z-

ß-fn-s√-¶n¬ Cw•ojv ]Z-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Xs∂ Fgp-tX-≠-XmWv.

3. ae-bmf Zn\-]-X-ßƒ°v \evIp∂ ]c-ky-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ amXta BIm-hq.

4. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Bcw-`n® ^b¬ CSbv°v h®v Cw•o-jn-te°v amdn-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ i≤n-

°pI.

175

5. Hmô-knse lmP¿ ]pkvX-Iw, koep-Iƒ, Ah[n cPn-Ã¿ XpS-ßn-bh ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Xøm-dm-

°pI.

6. k¿°m¿ Hmô-kp-I-fp-sSbpw Hmô-k¿am-cp-sSbpw t]cv hnh-c-ßƒ, hIp-∏ns‚ t]cv, tIcf

k¿°m¿ F∂nh Cw•o-jnt\msSm∏w ae-bm-f-Ønepw FgpXn ]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ww.

7. Hmtcm hIp∏pw h¿jw tXmdpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ `cW dnt∏m¿´v Cw•o-jnepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw

Xøm-dm-°-Ww.

8. k¿°m¿ hml-\-ß-fn¬ hIp-∏ns‚ t]cv Cw•o-jn-t\m-sSm∏w ae-bm-f-Ønepw ]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ww.

9. se‰¿ ]mUp-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ A®-Sn-∏n-°-Ww.

10. F√m HutZym-KnI Imcy-ß-fnepw ae-bmfw Hcp ioe-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

F√m h¿jhpw \hw-_¿ 1 \v ae-bmf Znhkhpw XpS¿∂p≈ Ggp Znhkw `cW `mj hmcm-N-c-

W-ambpw IW-°m°n hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-Øp-hm≥ k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hn-d-°n-bn-´p-≠v. 22-˛9-˛12 se

k¿°p-e¿ \º¿ 17199/Hu`m4/12/D`-]-h. ]Imcw 2012 \hw-_¿ 1 apX¬ Hcp h¿j-°mew cW mjm

h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂Xp kw_‘n®p k¿°m¿ hni-Z-amb am¿§\n¿t±-i-ßƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

13-˛mw tIcf \nb-a-k-`-bpsS HutZym-KnI `mj kw_-‘n® kanXn (2011-˛2014) bpsS ip]m¿i ]Im-

c-amWv `cW `mjm h¿j-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ `cW `mjm am‰m-Øn\v DX-Ipw-

hn[w hnhn[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

`cW `mj ˛ amXr- mj1

176

31

A[nI hmb-\bv°v

1. tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-ahpw N´-ßfpw (2 hmey-ßƒ)

]km-Z\w : Fw.-- ‰n. F≥. ]ªn-t°-j≥ sIm®n≥

2. ]©m-bØv s]mXp `cWw (5 hmey-ßƒ) (\hw-_¿ 2005)

]km-Z\w : tIcf C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v tem°¬ AUvan-\n-kvtSj≥

3. Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw tIµm-hn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-Ifpw (sk]vXw-_¿ 2012)


4. Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw (\hw-_¿ 2012)

tUm. sP.-_n. cmP≥ & tUm. F_n tPm¿÷v


5. ]©m-bØv `cW klmbn (\hw-_¿ 2010)


6. Kma-k` (am¿®v 2009)


7. k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hp-Ifpw k¿°p-e-dp-I-fpw (13 hmey-ßƒ)


8. alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn

k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hp-Iƒ (Pqsse 2010)


9. kmwJy ]h¿Ø\ klmbn (BKÃv 2011)


10. ]¥≠mw ]©-h-’c ]≤Xn am¿§-tcJ : 2012-17]km-Z\w : πm\nwKv IΩo-j≥

11. tIcf ^n\m≥jy¬ tImUv (hmeyw 1&2), (22/12) (BKÃv 2012)


12. am\p-h¬ Hm^v Hmôkv s]mko-Un-b¿

13. sFwanßv 100% Izmfn-‰n, tIcf tImfnw-Kv, a¥nen Hm^v Kh¨sh‚ v Hm^v tIc-f (Pq¨ 2008)

tUm. sP.-_n. cmP≥

14. tZ¿ Cukv F hn¬ tZ¿ Cukv F th F tIkv Hm^v sNdp-h-∂q¿ \√fw ]©m-b-Øv, thmIvkv

t]m]pen F kmk-s\‰v a¥nen thm. 1, Cjyq 1, sk‚¿ t^m¿ KpUv Kth-W≥kv

tUm. sP.-_n. cmP≥

Ine-bpsS ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ

1 Imcy-]m-]vXn-bp≈ ]cn-io-e--I-cm-Im≥ : ]-cn-io-e-I¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw (Pqsse 2013)

2 Kma-]-©m-bØv sIń-S-\n¿ΩmW N´-ßƒ (Pqsse 2013)

3 [\-]-cn-]m-e\w ]h¿Ø-\-k-lmbn (Pqsse 2013)

4 Kma-]-©m-bØv \nIpXn kw_-‘n® N´-ßƒ (Pq¨ 2013)

5 Kma-]-©m-bØv tkh-\-ßƒ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ (Pq¨ 2013)

6 ]mtZ-inI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\hpw hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw : l-b¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ \mj-W¬ k¿hokv

kvIow shmf-≠n-b¿am¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw (am¿®v 2013)

7 s]¿t^m-a≥kv HmUn‰v klmbn (am¿®v 2013)

8 A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-Whpw s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-Kyhpw (am¿®v 2013)

9 A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-Whpw s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-Kyhpw : ]-cn-io-e-I¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvX-Iw (am¿®v

2013)

10 A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-Whpw kmaq-ly-t£-ahpw (am¿®v 2013)

11 A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-Whpw kmaq-ly-t£-ahpw : ]-cn-io-e-I¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvX-Iw (am¿®v 2013)

12 A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-Whpw hnI-k\hpw (s^_p-hcn 2013)

13 A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-Whpw hnI-k\hpw : ]-cn-io-e-I¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvX-Iw (s^_p-hcn 2013)

14 Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-°m\pw ˛ hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw 2005 (\-hw-_¿ 2012)

15 Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS tIµm-hn-jvIr-X-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw (sk-]vXw-_¿ 2012)

16 ]¥≠mw ]©-h-’c ]≤Xn (2012-˛2017) ]ń-I-h¿§ D]-]-≤Xn : Du-cp-ap-∏≥am¿°pw s]mtam-

´¿am¿°p-ap≈ ssI]p-kvX-Iw (B-KÃv 2012)

17 a’y-k` : cq]o-I-c-Whpw kwhn-[m-\hpw (a-’y-ta-Je h¿°nwKv Kq∏n-\p≈ ssI]p-kvX-Iw) (B-

K-kvddv 2012)

18 hnI-k-\-tc-Jbpw ]≤-Xn-tc-Jbpw Xøm-dm-°¬ (Pqsse 2012)

19 \K-c-k` Poh-\-°m¿°p≈ ]cn-io-e\w : ]cn-io-e-I¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw (sabv 2012)

20 ]tXy-I-hn-`m-K-ßƒ°m-bp≈ Kma-k` (G-]n¬ 2012)

21 ]mtZ-inI `cWw : P\-]-Xn-\n-[nIƒ°p≈ k¿ń-^n-°‰v t]mKmw (am¿®v 2012)

22 \qX-\-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ : \S-Ød amXrI (s^-_p-hcn 2012)

23 Ipń-I-fpsS Kma-k` : klmbn (P-\p-h-cn, 2012)

24 A[n-Imcw P\-ßƒ°v (Un-kw-_¿ 2011)

25 \qX\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ : ASm´v amXrI (\-hw-_¿ 2011)

26 Ipń-I-fpsS ka-K-hn-I-k-\hpw Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw (Pqsse 2011)

tIcf C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v tem°¬ AUvan-\n-kvtS-j≥Note

tIcf C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v tem°¬ AUvan-\n-kvtS-j≥Note

Documents

Clerk Pariseelanam handbook layout second handbook.pdf · s]mXp-`-c-W-Øn¬ ]cn-io-e\w ({Kma-]-©m-bØv ¢m¿°p-am¿°p≈ ssI]p-kvXIw) No^v FUn-‰¿: tUm. ]n.-]n. -_m-e≥ Ub-d-IvS¿,