Clean Coal Presentation New

7/29/2019 Clean Coal Presentation New

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On Clean Coal Technology



Coal is the most abundant and cheapest fossil fuel in the world



Coal is the largest source of power generation in the world





Conversion of chemical energy to heat

Depending on the combustion conditions●Nitrogen Oxides (N2O, NO, N2O3, NO2 and N2O5)

● irritation of the eyes, skin, respiratory tract, and lungs; chronic

and acute bronchitis; and heart and lung damage

●

Sulfur Oxides (Coal combustion)● Responsible for a variety of respiratory problems





Energy

production is

the largest

contributor ofgreenhouse

gases









Typical Coal-Fired Power Plant



What is clean coal?

Clean coal usually refers to the technologies used for reduction of human-made

greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change.

Carbon Capture and Storage or Carbon Sequestration



Types of Coal



Carbon Capture and Storage Components



Carbon Capture and Storage Components





Comparison of Capture Options







Clean Coal in the Philippines

Department of Energy:

key investment opportunities in the coal sector are

(1) the setting-up of coal preparation plants to upgrade the quality of

Philippine coals and make them acceptable to current coal users;

(2) the expansion of production volumes of higher-rank Philippine coalswhich can be used without upgrading and/or blending with high-quality

imported coal;

(3) the introduction of clean coal technologies (i.e., circulating fluidized

bed combustion) to ensure utilization of Philippine coals with minimal

adverse effects on the environment; and

(4) the putting-up of mine-mouth power plants designed to utilize the

abundant low-rank coals that have no alternative markets.



Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion



Circulating Fluidized Bed

• The CFB technology uses fluidization to mix and circulate fuel particles with

limestone as they burn in a low-temperature combustion process.

• Unlike conventional steam generators that burn the fuel in a massive high-temperature flame, CFB technology does not have burners or a flame within its

furnace.

• Combustion takes place at temperatures from 800-900°C resulting in reduced

NOx formation compared with PCC. N2O formation is, however, increased. SO2

emissions can be reduced by the injection of sorbent into the bed, and the subsequent

removal of ash together with reacted sorbent.

The limestone captures the sulfur oxides as they are formed, while the low burning

temperature minimizes the formation of nitrogen oxides.

• The fuel and limestone particles are recycled over and over back to the process,

which results in high efficiency for burning the fuel, capturing pollutants, and for

transferring the fuel's heat energy into high quality steam to produce power.

• Due to the vigorous mixing, long burning time, and low temperature of

the combustion process, CFBs are fuel flexible, which means they can cleanly burn

traditional coal fuels, as well as "carbon neutral" biomass and waste fuels.

• This ability to cleanly burn virtually any combustible material greatly surpasses

the fuel limitation of conventional combustion processes.



● CFBC do not reduce carbon dioxide emissions● CFBC increases the production of N2O(a greenhouse gas)

C b C t d St



Carbon Capture and Storage

CCS is an emerging technology.

However, it has challenges and significant issues involved.

Very Expensive – adding new material and equipment to

existing power plants can be difficult and expensive.

Wastes energy – 10%-40% energy penaltyCannot Deliver in Time – climate change urgency requires

solutions readily available in large scale.

Safety – generally unproven. Demonstrations have yet to

be done.

Documents

Clean Coal Presentation New