HYPERGLYCEMIA (High Blood Glucose)

Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High blood glucose happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly. Blood sugar is >200mg/dl

What causes Hyperglycemia?

If you have type 1, you may not have given yourself enough insulin. If you have type 2, your body may have enough insulin, but it is not as effective as it should be. You ate more than planned or exercised less than planned. You have stress from an illness and other stresses. You may have experienced the dawn phenomenon.

What are the Symptoms of Hyperglycemia?

High blood glucose High levels of sugar in the urine Frequent urination- polyuria Increased thirst- polydipsia Excessive hunger- polyphagia Slow healing of wounds Dry skin Drowsy

KetoacidosisIf you fail to treat hyperglycemia, a condition called ketoacidosis (diabetic coma) could occur.Ketoacidosis develops when your body doesn't have enough insulin.

Symptoms:o Shortness of breatho Breath that smells fruityo Nausea and vomitingo Very dry mouth

HYPOGLYCEMIA (Low Blood Glucose)

Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose (blood sugar) levels, usually less than 60 mg/dl.

Hypoglycemia may also be referred to as an insulin reaction, or insulin shock.

What are the Symptoms of Hypoglycemia?

Shakiness Nervousness or anxiety Sweating, chills and clamminess Irritability or impatience Confusion, including delirium

Rapid/fast heartbeat Lightheadedness or dizziness Hunger and nausea Sleepiness Blurred/impaired vision

Hypoglycemia unawarenessa state in which a person does not feel or recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia. People who have

frequent episodes of hypoglycemia may no longer experience the warning signs of it.

Hypoglycemia unawareness occurs more frequently in those who: Frequently have low blood glucose episodes Have had diabetes for a long time Tightly control their diabetes

FIRST AID

How to treat Hyperglycemia?

Exercise except if the patient has ketones Lessen the amount of food to be eaten Monitor and record vital signs – response, pulse and breathing. If the casualty loses consciousness, open airway and check breathing.

How to treat Hypoglycemia?

Consume 15-20 grams of glucose or simple carbohydrates Recheck your blood glucose after 15 minutes If hypoglycemia continues, repeat. Once blood glucose returns to normal, eat a small snack if your next planned meal or snack is more than

an hour or two away.

Sources:http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hypoglycemia-low-blood.html#sthash.qWOxQYRB.dpuf

http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hyperglycemia.html