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Product has two aspects;
Tangibility, and
Intangibility.On the same platform we can classify the
operations involved in production process,
into two categories..
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1.Manufacturing operations
2.Non manufacturing operations.
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1. Operations involved in production of
tangible items, these operations are
normally called as manufacturingoperations.
It has three categories
I).Forming operations
ii).Machining operationsiii).Assembly operations
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i). Forming operations
Change the shape of the work piece without
adding or removal of material.It can also be further classified
into following
categories-
Casting operations,
Forging operations,Assembly operations,
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Casting operations:
In casting operation the molten material is
poured into a mould and allowed to besolidify and retain the
shape of the
moulded cavity.
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Forging operat ions:
In forging the metal is heated to a plastic
state and then formed to the desired shapeby pressure or
impact.
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Spinning operation:
In spinning the work piece is placed against
a mandrel ,while it is rotating on a highspeed lathe.
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ii). Machining operations:
Mainly Include removal of the material from
the work piece during the cutting operationperformed by cutting
tool.Its prime funtion
is to alter the a shape of the workpiece
and provide proper surface finish and
dimensional accuracy. Some are themachining operations are-
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Tu rning
In turning operation the workpiece is held in
the lathe and rotated while the cutting toolor cutter removes
the metal from the
workpiece.
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Dr i l l ing, Boring ,and Reaming
In drilling operation a hole is produced on
the work piece by forcing a rotating cutter .In Boring operation
an existing drilled hole
is enlarged by using a cutter.
In Reaming the finishing of the drilled hole
is done, so that it can get accurate size
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iii).Assembly operations
Making assembly of two different parts
e.g. welding, brazing, soldering, fasteningby bolts and
nuts.
Welding;
In welding two pieces of metal are joined
into a single piece .
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Brazing;
Brazing is used for joining non-ferrous alloys
.The brazing alloy melts at a lower temp.
than the m.p. of the base metal to be
joined and fills the joints between the base
metals .
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Soldering
Soldering is quite similar to the brazing
except that soldering alloy is different fromthe brazing alloy
and melts at lower temp.
as compared to brazing alloy
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Fastening by nu ts and bolts
When work piece or parts of an assembly
must be disassembled and reassembled ,the best method of
assembly is by
fastening , using bolts and nuts.
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Assemblyusing adhesives
