Classification & Division

Review: definition

• What is a patriot?

Patriot

• Someone who loves their country and feels very loyal toward it. (Collins Cobuild)

• A person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors. (Oxford)

• 爱国者：热爱祖国和民族的一类人的通称。

• Is Edward Snowden a patriot?– "Patriots don't go to Russia. They don't

seek asylum in Cuba. They don't seek asylum in Venezuela. They fight their cause here," Kerry told NBC. "Edward Snowden is a coward. He is a traitor. And he has betrayed his country. And if he wants to come home tomorrow to face the music, he can do so.“ (John Kerry)

– “No, I don’t think Mr. Snowden is a patriot” (President Obama)

• Snowden says:– “I think patriot is a word that’s — that’s thrown

around so much that it can be devalued nowadays. But being a patriot doesn’t mean prioritizing service to government above all else. Being a patriot means knowing when to protect your country, knowing when to protect your Constitution, knowing when to protect your countrymen from the — the violations of an — and encroachments of adversaries.”

• So, what do you think?

Warm-up

• Types of roommates/classmates

• Types of friends

• Types of movies

• Ways of losing weight

• Courses to take

Division

• to deal with one thing; to separate the whole into parts; emphasis on distinctions

• Examples – Essay – U.S Government

Division (分类法）

Sample

In my experience I find that studying can be divided into three phases—no matter what is being studied. In the first phase, you are very interested in the new subject. You are willing to study and everything about the subject is appealing and mysterious. But after exploring the subject for a considerable amount of time, the second phase comes along. The subject you have been learning seems a little boring, and sometimes you have the idea of giving up.

As difficulties appear, if you can handle them it will be exciting, but most of the time you confront failure; it is disappointing and upsetting, and you may think there is no hope in studying this subject. If you really do give up, everything is over. But if you can hold on, the situation will change. In the third phase, you have gained a thorough understanding of the subject, and you can find a genuine interest in it. Now you like the subject not because of your impulse, but because of the real value of it.

Classification

• to organize things that share certain qualities; to group things systematically; emphasis on similarities

• Examples– Purposes of travelling – Types of professors

What do you think?

Classification(归类法）

• The teachers in this college can be classified according to the way they dress: those who dress formally, those who dress semi formally, and those who dress casually.

Principles of Classification and Division

1. Choose an appropriate principle of classification and division suited to your purpose.

2. Apply your principle consistently and thoroughly.

3. Make your classification logically distinct from each other, avoiding overlapping.

Difficulties

• To create clear categories that do not overlap;

• To divide the groups by what they have in common. Everything in one group should be related.

Example

• Classmates are divided into intelligent and good-looking.

• Is it a good classification?

• No! It is because: overlap & inconsistent

• Any problems in this classification?• Yes! This classification does not include all the possible classes to completely cover the topic (everyone in the class)

Review:• Classification must include all of the topic. • Classification must not mix the types of groups. • Classification must not use categories that overlap.

Structure

1. Introduction:• Grabs the reader's attention• Explains precisely what you intend to do in t

he essay, which is to break a larger concept down into smaller parts so it can be more easily understood. (to state thesis)

• Note: Thesis should inform reader of your purpose or intention and the principle of classification. It can easily include the divisions which will then become the topics of each paragraph.

Examples

• There are three types of people in my class: good-looking, average, and ugly.

• Energy can be divided into three sources: land, sun, and water.

• The two major categories of computers are IBM and Macintosh.

Body

• Identifies, in separate paragraphs, the various categories, with examples

• Provides some explanation of how these smaller elements tie into the "big picture."

• Examples:

What type of computer should you buy? That will depend upon your purpose. .... The two major categories of computers are IBM and Macintosh.

Macintosh computers are mostly used by schools and computer graphics specialists. ....

IBM computers are used in most businesses. ....

Conclusion

• Restates the thesis and reach a conclusion concerning the group and subgroup. Conclusions for classification essays offer an opportunity for creativity, including humor or a recommendation.

• leaves something for the reader to ponder by tying the big concept to a real life application.

Language in classification

• Brief and clear

• Come straight to the point at the beginning of the classification

• Fall into, divide into, classify into, be divided into, be classified into, be divisible into, be classifiable into

Thank You!