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CLASH at the Frontier Fields. Dan Coe, Adi Zitrin , Julian Merten. Abell 1689 55 orbits ACS Blakeslee, Alamo-Martinez. CLASH has revealed two robust candidates in the first 500 Myr. MACS1149-JD z ~ 9.6 (490 Myr ) Wei Zheng et al. (2012) Nature 489, 406. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CLASH at the Frontier Fields
Dan Coe, Adi Zitrin, Julian Merten
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 1
Abell 168955 orbits ACSBlakeslee, Alamo-Martinez
CLASH has revealed two robust candidates in the first 500 Myr
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 2
MACS0647-JDz ~ 10.8 (420 Myr)
Dan Coe et al. (2013)ApJ 762, 32
MACS1149-JDz ~ 9.6 (490 Myr)Wei Zheng et al. (2012)
Nature 489, 406
in 2 / 5 “high-magnification” CLASH clusters
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 3
adapted from Bouwens12see also Oesch12,13
TODAY (13.7) BIG BANGtime
galaxies build upthen
run out
of gas
Did galaxies bulid up dramatically at z ~ 10?
dramatic
evolution?
UDF 2009
Only one z~10 candidate found where six were expected(Bouwens11)
CLASH discoveries are consistent with expectations which include enough faint galaxies to reionize the universe
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 4
TODAY (13.7) BIG BANGtime
CLASHjoint
adapted from Coe et al. 2013
dramatic
gradual
Field searches still suggest z ~ 10 deficit, but more data are required
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 5
M* evolution
Φ* evolution
Oesch13
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 6
z ~ 10 luminosity function still very uncertain
Oesch13
Large extrapolations required to estimate faint galaxy contribution to reionization
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 7
z ~ 8 luminosityfunctionfield data (Bradley12)
lensing(conservative:10x magnif.)
JWST+lensing
UDF
BoRGERS
MUV -10Ga
laxy
Num
ber D
ensit
y(smallest galaxies?)
other uncertainties:•escape fraction•clumping factorfaint end slope important
CLASH at the Frontier Fields 8
A deeper HST WFC3/IR cluster survey
Sept 18, 2013
white paper led by Dan Coe & Wei Zhengsubmitted to the Hubble Deep Fields Initiativescience working group
advising Matt Mountain on his use of Director’s Discretionary time
resulting in the Frontier Fields
James Bullock (chair)Mark DickinsonSteven FinkelsteinAdriano FontanaAnn Hornschemeier CardiffJennifer LotzPriya NatarajanAlexandra PopeBrant RobertsonBrian SianaJason TumlinsonMichael Wood-Vasey
MACS0416-24
MACS0717+37Abell S1063(RXJ2248-4431)
MACS1149+22
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 9
Abell 370
http://www.stsci.edu/hst/campaigns/frontier-fields/
Abell 2744Pandora’s Cluster
dark mattergas
The Frontier Fields Our deepest views of galaxies to date(intrinsic AB mag > 31)
840 HST orbits (director’s discretionary)Fall 2013 – Fall 2016
Matt MountainJen Lotz
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Subject to director’s approval
4 / 6 are CLASH clusters
Frontier Fields should yield ~35 – 120 z > 8.5 galaxies
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 10
redshift lensed
field total
z ~ 9 45 20 65
z ~ 10 25 15 40
z ~ 11 10 3 13
z ~ 12 1 1
redshift lensed
field total
z ~ 9 20 10 30
z ~ 10 5 5
z ~ 11
z ~ 12
dramatic evolutiondistinguishing between evolution scenarios
gradual evolution
5s 5sCLASH 5s CLASH 5s
ACS
Hubble will observe both lensed and “blank” fields simultaneously in parallel
WFC3/IR
cluster core
“blank” field
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 11
Frontier Fields
6’
ACS
Swap cameras 6 months later / earlier70 orbits ACS + 70 orbits WFC3/IR* on every field
WFC3/IR
“blank” field
cluster core
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 12
* 10 times deeper than any previous lensed field,including CLASH
Frontier Fields
6’
140 orbitsper field (cluster / “blank”)
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 13
BrianSiana’s GO program
Filter Orbits Depth (AB mag 5σ)
F435W 17 29.10
F606W 10 29.12
F814W 43 29.46
F105W 24 29.19
F125W 12 28.70
F140W 11 28.72
F160W 23 28.70
70 orbitsACS
70 orbitsWFC3/IR
10x deeper thandeepest clusterIR observationsto date (7 orbits)
FF HST Cycle 21 programs
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 14
Type PI description orbits targets
obs Mountain/Lotz
ACS + WFC3/IR broad-band imaging 280 2 FF
obs Treu IR grism G102, G141 (+ F105W, F140W) 140 6 FF + 4 CLASH
obs Siana UVIS F225W + F336W : 8 orbits each 48 3 FF clusters
obs Rodney IR imaging (broad- / medium-band) 60 ~20 SNae
archival Bradley high-z
archival Zheng high-z
archival Bradac high-z
archival Fuentes TNOs (trans-Neptunian objects)
theory Quinn high-z galaxies
theory Somerville galaxy formation
theory Wheeler SNae
http://blogs.stsci.edu/hstff/
FF observations
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 15
Observatory PI time
Hubble DD (Mountain/Lotz), Treu, Siana, Rodney
Spitzer DD 50 hours x 2 channels
Chandra Jones; Steve Murray GTO 1 Msec
Subaru Keiichi? A2744 3 bands
VLT HAWK-I (K-band) Brammer 41 hours -- MACS0416
Bolocam A2744
(VLA proposal)
-spectroscopy-
http://blogs.stsci.edu/hstff/
table to be updated…
Frontier Fields schedule
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 16
WFC3/IR observations of A2744 begin in one month (late October)
Spitzer observations (50 hours / channel)
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 17
http://bit.ly/168Veql -- Steve Rodney
Lens models for the community
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 18
CLASH at the Frontier Fields 19Sept 18, 2013
CATS
SharonZitrin NFW Zitrin LTM
Williams
Bradac
Merten (wide field)
Abell 2744magnification maps
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 20
Frontier Fields submitted lens models
CATS
SharonZitrin NFW Zitrin LTM
Williams
Bradac
Merten (wide field)
Abell 2744magnification maps
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 21
Frontier Fields submitted lens models
Lenstool (Carrasco)True (Meneghetti)
Log(result / true)
Lenstool (Carrasco)
Quantifying magnification uncertainties
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 22
MAX 1 xy
Meneghetti – Skylens simulated image
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 23
FF lens modelers will also model 3 simulated clusters
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 24
The Frontier Fields will also enable high-resolution cluster mass maps
Abell 1689 – Coe et al. (2010)
Highest resolution (~25 kpc) cluster mass map to date
Mass resolution ~ average SL image separation
• subhalo mass function• quantify degree to which light traces mass• mass-to-light ratios; evidence for tidal stripping• inform “abundance matching” models• strong lensing tomography? (multiple lens planes)
Sept 18, 2013 CLASH at the Frontier Fields 25
The Frontier Fields will also enable high-resolution cluster mass maps
Abell 1689 – Coe et al. (2010)
Highest resolution (~25 kpc) cluster mass map to date
The Next Frontiers of Gravitational Lensingfocus on cluster strong lensing
• High-redshift galaxies– magnification uncertainties
• Calibrating mass observables + 3-D analysis– lensing, X-ray, SZ, dynamics
• High-resolution dark matter maps• Cosmological constraints
April 17, 2013 Dan Coe - STScI Cluster Lensing Workshop 26