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that appears dubious may be subject to lawful attack. This is
also consistent with the requirement
to take all feasible precautions in attack, in particular the
obligation to verify that objects to be
attacked are military objectives liable to attack and not
civilian objects (see Rule 16).[1] ICC Statute, Article
8(2)(b)(ii); see also Article 8(2)(b)(ix) and (e)(iv) (concerning
attacks
against buildings dedicated to religion, education, art, science
or charitable purposes, historic
monuments, hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are
collected) and Article 8(2)(b)(v) (concerning attacks against
towns, villages, dwellings or buildings which are undefended).
[2] See, e.g., the military manuals of Australia (cited in Vol.
II, Ch. 2, 687), Belgium (ibid.,
688), Cameroon (ibid., 689), Canada (ibid., 690), Colombia
(ibid., 691), Croatia (ibid., 692), France (ibid., 693), Israel
(ibid., 694), Italy (ibid., 695), Kenya (ibid., 696),
Madagascar (ibid., 697), Netherlands (ibid., 698700), New
Zealand (ibid., 701), Russia
(ibid., 702), Spain (ibid., 703) and United States (ibid.,
704705).
[3] See, e.g., the practice of Australia (ibid., 687), Canada
(ibid., 690), Netherlands (ibid., 700), Russian Federation (ibid.,
702) and United States (ibid., 705 and 710711).
[4] Additional Protocol I, Article 52(3) (adopted by 79 votes in
favour, none against and 7
abstentions) (ibid., 719).
[5] Mexico, Statement at the Diplomatic Conference leading to
the adoption of the AdditionalProtocols (ibid., 751).
[6] Amended Protocol II to the Convention on Certain
Conventional Weapons, Article 3(8)(a)(ibid., 720).
[7] See, e.g., the military manuals of Argentina (ibid., 725),
Australia (ibid., 726), Benin
(ibid., 727), Cameroon (ibid., 728), Canada (ibid., 729),
Colombia (ibid., 730), Croatia(ibid., 731), France (ibid., 732),
Germany (ibid., 733), Hungary (ibid., 734), Israel (ibid.,
735), Kenya (ibid., 736), Madagascar (ibid., 737), Netherlands
(ibid., 738), New Zealand
(ibid., 739), Spain (ibid., 741), Sweden (ibid., 742), Togo
(ibid., 743) and United States
(ibid., 744).[8] United States,Air Force Pamphlet(ibid.,
744).
[9] United States, Department of Defense, Final Report to
Congress on the Conduct of the
Persian Gulf War (ibid., 752).[10] Report on the Practice of
Israel (ibid., 749).
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