Civilengineering Fram Work

8/13/2019 Civilengineering Fram Work

1/62

Form work , Scaffolding

Shoring

Student : SEM SONA

Tel : 012 239 737

Department of Civil Engineering

E-mail : [email protected]

Website : http://www.semsona.com.nu


2/62

General

For the different construction activities like Brick work above 1.50 m Surface finishing works like plastering, painting, walling

etc. Renovation, repair and alteration works. Roof and slab pouring

Some temporary nature supports and structures arerequired like

Formwork (Supporting Structure) Scaffoldings (arrangement for working plate forms) Shoring (supporting method for unsafe structure) Underpinning (Method of strengthening an existing

structures footing)


3/62

Form work

Definition Qualities of formwork

Types of formwork Formwork detail for different structuralmembers

Removal of formwork

Maintenance of formwork Cost of formwork Advantages of steel form work


4/62

Definition

Its is an artificial support provided below andaround the precast or cast insitue concrete work.

Formwork is commonly made of Steel wood

Formwork construction & casting is of primeimportance in concrete industry. It share a

significant amount of concrete cost. Formwork is designed according to The ACI

document SP-4. It can be purchased fromwww.concrete.org
http://www.concrete.org/http://www.concrete.org/


5/62

Qualities of formwork

It should be according toACI document SP-4

It should be water tight It should be strong It can be reusable Its contact surface should be uniform It should be according to the size of

member.


6/62

Types of formwork

Formwork are mainly of two types Steel formwork Wooden formwork

Steel formwork is made of steel sheets Angle Iron Tee Iron

Wooden formwork consists of

Props Planks battens Ledgers sheeting


7/62

Formwork detail for differentstructural members

In concrete construction formwork iscommonly provided for the followingstructural members.

Foundations Wall Column

Slabs & beams Stairs


8/62

Formwork for Foundations

Wallfoundations

It consists of Plywood

Sheeting

Struts


9/62

Formwork for Foundations

ColumnFoundations

It consists of Side

Supports

Side Planks Cleats

Side SupportSide Planks

Cleats


10/62

Formwork for Wall

It consists of Timber sheeting Vertical posts Horizontal members Rackers Stakes Wedges

After completing oneside of formwork

reinforcement isprovided at the placethen the second sideformwork is provided.


11/62

Formwork forColumn

It consists of thefollowing Side & End Planks

Yoke

Nut & Bolts

Two end & twoside planks arejoined by theyokes and bolts.


12/62

Columnform work


13/62


14/62

Formwork for Slabs & beams It consists of

Sole plates Wedges Props

Head tree Planks Batten Ledgers

Beam formwork rests

on head tree Slab form work rests

on battens and joists If prop height are

more than 8 provide

horizontal braces.


15/62

Lintel or Beam Formwork


16/62

Formwork for Stairs

It consists of Vertical & inclined

posts Inclined members

Wooden Planks orsheeting

Stringer

Riser Planks

Riser Planks


17/62


18/62

Removal of formwork

Time of formwork removal mainly dependson the following factors

1.Type of Cement

1. Rapid hardening cements require lesser timeas compared to OPC (Ordinary PortlandCement)

2.Ratio of concrete mix1. Rich ratio concrete gain strength earlier as

compared to weak ratio concrete.3.Weather condition

1. Hydration process accelerates in hot weatherconditions as compared to cold and humid

weather conditions.


19/62

Time of Removal of formwork

Sr.

NoStructural Member

OPC(Ordinary Portland

Cement)

Rapid

Hardenin

g Cement

1 Beam sides, walls &Columns

2-3 Days 2 Days

2 Slab (Vertical Supports remains intact) 4 Days 3 Days

3 Slab (Complete Formwork removal) 10 Days 5 Days

4 Beams (Removal of Sheeting, Propsremains intact)

8 Days 5 Days

5 Beams & Arches (Completeformwork removal) (up to 6 m span)

14 Days 5-8 Days

6Beams & Arches (Completeformwork removal) (more than 6 m span) 21 Days 8-10 Days


20/62

Maintenance of formwork

Due to continuous use wooden planks &steel plates surfaces become uneven and

require maintenance. For wooden formwork use cardboard or

plastic fiber board. Bolt hole places mustalso be repaired.

For steel formwork plates must be leveledby mallet and loose corners must bewelded.


21/62

Cost of formwork

For normal works cost of formwork isabout 30%-40% of the concrete cost.

For special works cost of formwork isabout 50%-60% of the concrete cost.

Formwork cost is controlled by thefollowing factors Formwork Material cost Formwork erecting cost Formwork removal cost Formwork jointing cost (Nails and Cables) Labor charges.


22/62

Advantages of steel form work

It can be used for a no of times.

It is non absorbent.

Smooth finish surface obtained.

No shrinkage of formwork occurs.

Easy to use. Its volume is less

Its strength is more.


23/62

Scaffolding

Definitions

Its a temporary structure to provide a

platform at different levels of abuilding for workers and Materials.


24/62

Types of Scaffolding

Following are the types of scaffolds

1. Single Scaffolds

2. Double Scaffolds

3. Ladder Scaffolds

4. Cantilever Scaffolds

5. Suspended Scaffolds

6. Steel or Tubular Scaffolds


25/62

Definition

Scaffold

It is the temporary support systemprovided for the construction &maintenance purposes.

It consists of supports and a workingplate form for workers and Materials.

ScaffoldingMethod of construction of scaffolds is

called scaffolding.


26/62

Single Scaffolds

It consists of

Standards (v posts) (10 cm)

Putlogs (7.5 x 7.5)

Ledgers ( )Wooden boards

Braces

Used for ordinary buildings

1.2 m


27/62


28/62

Double Scaffolds

It consists of

Two rows ofstandards.

15 cm, 1.5 m

Shores are provided.

Used for superior works


29/62


30/62

Ladder Scaffolds

It consists of

Brackets forPlate form.


31/62

Cantilever Scaffolds

It consists of

Cantilever

StrutsStandards

Putlogs

Plate forms

It is used above groundlevel


32/62

Suspended Scaffolds

It consists of

Ropes

Working platformsRopes can be raised Manually

or mechanically

Used for light construction

and finishing works ofmultistory buildings.


33/62

Steel or Tubular Scaffolds

It consists of

Steel tubes (1-1/2 2-1/2 diameter)

Coupler or Clamps (to hold pipes indifferent positions)

Prop nuts (to hold single pipes)

Bolts, Nuts & washersWedge & Clip


34/62

Scaffold pipes


35/62

Coupler or Clamps


36/62

Scaffold fittings

Double Coupler It joins ledgers and standards.

Swivel Coupler

Composed of two single couplers and used to join twoscaffolds at any angle.

Putlog Coupler

Used to join putlogs with transom.

Base Plate

Used at the base of the standards.

Split joint Pin

Its a connection fitting used to join scaffold tubes. Reveal Pin

It fit in to the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut.

Putlog end

A flat plate used at the end of a scaffold to convert it into a putlog.


37/62

Scaffold fittings


38/62

Scaffold fittings


39/62

Prop nuts, clamp and fasteners


40/62

Wedge & Clip


41/62

Standards

BS 1139:Part 2:Section 2.1 (working scaffoldsand false work made of steel tubes )

NZ 3620 Scaffold Planks

AS 1576 Scaffolding


42/62

Web links for Scaffolding

http://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.html

http://www.bhanuudyog.com/product.htm#
http://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.htmlhttp://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.htmlhttp://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.htmlhttp://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.html


43/62

Shoring

Definition It is the method of providing temporary

support (shores) to an unsafe structure.

Types of Shoring Horizontal shoring or flying shoring

Vertical shoring or dead shoring

Inclined Shoring or flying shoring


44/62

Horizontal shoring

It consists of Horizontal

beam or strut Wall plates

Cleats Straining

beams Used to support

two adjacentbuildings.


45/62

Single Flying Shoring


46/62

Double Flying Shoring


47/62

Vertical shoring

It consists of

Deadshores

Sole plates

Needles

Props

Used for

rebuilding ofwalls.

Dead or Vertical


48/62

Dead or VerticalShoring


49/62

Inclined Shoring

It consists of

Rackers

Needles

Cleats Braces

Sole plate

Used to

strengthen a wall.


50/62

Inclined or Raking Shoring

I li d R ki Sh i


51/62

Inclined or Raking Shoring(unsymmetrical)


52/62

Raking Shoring Details


53/62

Raking Shoring Details

Inclined Shoring


54/62

Inclined Shoringor Raking Shoring


55/62

Under-Pinning

Definition

Methods of Under-Pinning

Pit method Pile method

Pit th d


56/62

Pit method Old wall is supported by a

bearing plate, steel beamand jacks. Excavation up to new depth

is carried out. Foundation is provided for

small 5 (1.5 m) lengths. P.C.C (1:2:4) is provided for

new foundation. For proper joint b/w old

and new work,strengthening and to avoidsettlement vertical steelbars may be added.

Steel Bars


57/62

Pile method

PI

L

E

PI

L

E

PI

L

E

Pile Cap

P.C.C

Hard Strata

P.C.C (1:2:4)


58/62


59/62

ACI Document SP-4

Back


60/62

Kicker or Starter


61/62

Inverted Beams


62/62

Thank you for watching

Student : SEM SONA

Tel : 012 239 737

E-mail : [email protected]

Website : http://www.semsona.com.nu
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Documents

Civilengineering Fram Work