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Civil War
United States HistoryMrs. O’Shea
1860 Presidential Election
Abraham Lincoln won• 39% popular vote• 180 electoral votes• not a single electoral vote from
South• Name did not appear on many
southern ballots
1860 ELECTION RESULTS
Southern Secession South Carolina seceded in
Dec. 1860 6 others states followed =
TexasLouisianaMississippiAlabamaFlorida
Georgia Created Confederate States
of America
Fort Sumter• Federal fort outside
Charleston, SC• Federal supply ship shot at by
Confederates• Lincoln wanted to preserve
Union – must protect fort• April 12, 1861 – Confederates
seize fort• Lincoln called on loyal states to
supply 750,000 militiamen to subdue the rebellion.
• Ordered blockade of southern ports.
Battle of Bull Run
• Union troops – not prepared
• Sent by Lincoln to capture Richmond – Confederate capital city
• Met with 32,000 Confederate troops outside of Manassas.
• Union troops were sent running back to Washington, D.C.
IMPORTANCE
• Boosted Confederates morale
• Signaled to Union that they needed to prepare for a real war
CASUALTIES
• Heavy casualties on both sides – killed, wounded, captured, or MIA
• Disease (typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonella, gangrene, malaria)
Casualties (deaths)
Revolutionary War = 4,400
Mexican American War = 13,000
Civil War = 600,000
WWI = 115,000
WWII = 407,000
Korean War = 33,000
Vietnam War = 58,000
War in Iraq = 4,244 (as of February 13, 2009)Really rough estimates – Mrs. O’SheaReally rough estimates – Mrs. O’Shea
Casualties (deaths)
4,400 13,000
600,000
115,000
407,000
4,75033,000 58,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
Revol
ution
ary W
ar
Mex
ican
Amer
ican
War
Civil W
arW
WI
WW
II
Korea
n W
ar
Vietna
m W
ar
War
in Ir
aq
Deaths
Lincoln and Slavery
• “Preserve the Union”
• Personally opposed to slavery
• Came to regard abolishing slavery as a strategy for winning war
• Slave working in field = one more Southerner fighting in
fields
Emancipation Proclamation p. 396• effectively removed any
chance of a negotiated settlement between the North and the South.
• The Emancipation Proclamation caused an outcry to rise from the South who said that Lincoln was trying to stir up slave rebellion.
• The North now had a much stronger moral cause. It had to preserve the Union and free the slaves.
African Americans in War
• July 1862 – Congress allows African-Americans to join military
• January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation – encouraged freed slaves to fight
• By 1865 – 180,000 African Americans had enlisted (10% of troops)
• Less pay• Black regiments – white officers• 54th Massachusetts Infantry – bravery in attack on
Ft. Wagner – first medal of honor (Sergeant William Carney) GLORY
Plans to Win!!!
• Union – attacked from West and East – Anaconda Plan (choke them)
• Confederacy – attacked Union through Virginia (scare Northerners – fuel anti-war movement in North)
Advantages – pages 653-655
North South
Advantages
Economic and Military
North South
Gettysburg Address
• Dedication of cemetery• Honors Union soldiers• Expresses grief of nation• Necessity of preserving the Union
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410
North – StrategyAnaconda Plan – General Winfield Scott
Slowly entwine and crush
AntietamAntietam““Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
Union – McClellanCSA - LeeMarylandSeptember 17, 1862
ResultsThe result of the battle was inconclusive but the north did win a strategic
advantage. 23,100 casualties
SignificanceForced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River. President Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous
Emancipation on September 22, 1862.
Chancellorsville
Union – Major General Joseph Hooker
CSA – Robert E. Lee, Major General Thomas J. Jackson
Results
Confederate Victory. 24,000 casualties of which 14,000 were Union soldiers.
Significance
Considered to be Lee’s greatest victory
Death of Stonewall Jackson.
Shiloh – “place of peace”
Tennessee
Union - Ulysses S. Grant
CSA – Johnston
Results
Grant was defeated
20,000 casualties on both sides
DraftConfederacy
1862 – ages 18-35 1862 – ages 18-451864 – ages 17-50Exemptions – substitute or $500 in cash
Union1863 – ages 20-45Exemptions - $300 or medical grounds
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865
“War is cruelty. The crueler it is, the sooner it
will be over.”
Sherman’s March
• Union General William Sherman’s total war
• GOAL = destroy the Confederacy's ability to wage further war
• 300 mile path of destruction – destroying railroads, bridges, factories, livestock, crops, etc.
• Most likely speed up the ending of the war
ShermanSherman’s’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
ShermanSherman’s’s
“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”
throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,
18641864
South Surrenders
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia (private home – not a court building)
-take horses and go home
-obey laws
April 9, 1865
Lincoln Assassinated
• April 14, 1865
• John Wilkes Booth – wanted to kidnap Lincoln in exchange for Confederate prisoners.
• Changed plans – killed Lincoln
• Ford’s Theater
Execution Execution