City-States to Empire…

City

• City States- walled cities

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City Center-Ziggurat

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• POLYtheisim- worship of many Gods

• Theocracy- govenrment controlled by religious leaders

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Epic of Gilgamesh- World’s Oldest Story

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EMPIRE

• Large territory where several groups of people are ruled by a single powerful leader or government

King Sargon-established 1st empire- AKKAD

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•Strong King, skilled general

•Defeated the king of Uruk and then controlled all of Mesoptamia

•Akkad ruled Sumer- but they still maintained irrigation systems and cuneiform

• Stele: stone slab on which a picture is carved

Victory Stele- created to celebrate military victory of Sargon’s grandson

Hammurabi- King of Babylon

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Code of Hammurabi

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Ashurbanipal- King of Assyria

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•North of Babylon

•Fierce warriors- advanced weapons and military equipment

•Used horses and iron weapons in battle

•“Siege Machine”

Chaldea/ Babylonia

• King Nebuchadnezzar expanded empire

• Built inner and outer walls around the city of Babylon with moats and guard towers

• Fierce warriors, cruel to defeated peoples

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

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Persian Empire

• Land we now call Iran (east of the Zagros Mountains)

• Expanded to include all of Mesopotamia, Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), Cannaan (Israel), Egypt, India and parts of Europe

• Cyrus was the 1st leader, then Alexander the Great