CITRIS Scientific Program Overview

Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist

www.citris.berkeley.edu

UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz

OutlineOutline Scientific Agenda OverviewScientific Agenda Overview

Applications, Systems, FoundationsApplications, Systems, Foundations Hardware and Software Building Blocks Hardware and Software Building Blocks

Sensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, ClustersSensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, Clusters Organizational Building Blocks Organizational Building Blocks

Affiliated research centers and activitiesAffiliated research centers and activities Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks

Current grants, Fundraising opportunitiesCurrent grants, Fundraising opportunities Putting the Social into CITRISPutting the Social into CITRIS Meeting Organization and GoalsMeeting Organization and Goals

Testbeds talks, Application Breakouts, Charge to participantsTestbeds talks, Application Breakouts, Charge to participants

Scientific Agenda OverviewScientific Agenda Overview

New Distributed System ArchitecturesScalable, Utility, Diverse Access

Societal-Scale ApplicationsSocietal-Scale Applications

CITRIS Scientific Strategy

Societal-Scale ApplicationsBeyond desktopHuge scaleCan’t fail

Technological Breakthroughs

Always connectedDistributed intelligenceSmart displays, cameras, sensors

Applications Pull

Technology Push

The CITRIS ModelThe CITRIS Model

Core Core TechnologiesTechnologies

ApplicationsApplications

FoundationsFoundations• ReliablityReliablity• AvailabilityAvailability• Security,Security,• AlgorithmsAlgorithms• Social, policy issuesSocial, policy issues

• Distributed Info SystemsDistributed Info Systems• Micro sensors/actuatorsMicro sensors/actuators• Human-Comp InteractionHuman-Comp Interaction• Prototype DeploymentPrototype Deployment

• Quality-of-Life EmphasisQuality-of-Life Emphasis• Initially Leverage ExistingInitially Leverage Existing Expertise on campuses Expertise on campuses

Societal-Scale Information SystemsSocietal-Scale Information Systems(SIS)(SIS)

• Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency•Transportation SystemsTransportation Systems• Disaster MitigationDisaster Mitigation• Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring• Distributed educationDistributed education• Distributed biomonitoringDistributed biomonitoring

Fundamental Underlying ScienceFundamental Underlying Science

Initial CITRIS Applications (1)Initial CITRIS Applications (1) Saving EnergySaving Energy

Smart Buildings that adjust to inhabitantsSmart Buildings that adjust to inhabitants Make energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricingMake energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricing Large potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildingsLarge potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildings

Turning down heat, lights saves up to $55B/year, 35M tons C emission/year 30% of $45B/year energy bill is from “broken systems”

Transportation SystemsTransportation Systems Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Improve carpooling efficiency using advanced schedulingImprove carpooling efficiency using advanced scheduling Improve freeway utilization by managing traffic flowsImprove freeway utilization by managing traffic flows Large potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CALarge potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CA

15 minutes/commuter/day => $15B/year in wages $600M/year in trucking costs, 150K gallons of fuel/day

Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise)Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise) $100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths$100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths Monitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disasterMonitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disaster Provide efficient, personalized responsesProvide efficient, personalized responses Must function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstancesMust function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstances

Initial CITRIS Applications (2)Initial CITRIS Applications (2) Distributed BiomonitoringDistributed Biomonitoring

Wristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderlyWristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderly Monitored remotely 24x7x365Monitored remotely 24x7x365 Emergency response and potential remote drug deliveryEmergency response and potential remote drug delivery Cardiac ArrestCardiac Arrest

Raise out-of-hospital survival rate from 6% to 20% => save 60K lives/year

Distributed EducationDistributed Education Smart ClassroomsSmart Classrooms Lifelong Learning Center for professional educationLifelong Learning Center for professional education Develop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculumDevelop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculum

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringMonitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelinesMonitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelines

Mutual impact of urban and agricultural areasMutual impact of urban and agricultural areas

Monitor water shed response to climate events and land use changesMonitor water shed response to climate events and land use changes

Hardware and Software Building BlocksHardware and Software Building Blocks

Societal-Scale Systems

“Client”

“Server”

Clusters

Massive Cluster

Gigabit Ethernet

New System Architectures

New Enabled ApplicationsDiverse, Connected, Physical,

Virtual, Fluid

MEMSSensors

Scalable, Reliable,Secure Services

InformationAppliances

Experimental Testbeds in UCB EECSExperimental Testbeds in UCB EECS

NetworkInfrastructure

GSMBTS

Millennium Cluster

Millennium Cluster

WLAN /Bluetooth

Pager

IBMWorkPad

CF788

MC-16

MotorolaPagewriter 2000

Velo

TCI @HomeAdaptive Broadband LMDS

H.323GW

Nino

Smart ClassroomsAudio/Video Capture Rooms

Pervasive Computing LabCoLab

Soda Hall

CalRen/Internet2/NGI

SmartDust

LCD Displays

WearableDisplays

Smart DustSmart DustMEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/CommunicatorsMEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/Communicators

Create a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensorsCreate a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensors Explore system design issuesExplore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust componentsProvide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components initiallyUse off the shelf components initially

Current One-Inch Networked SensorCurrent One-Inch Networked SensorCuller, PisterCuller, Pister

1” x 1.5” motherboard1” x 1.5” motherboard ATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flashATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flash 900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range Radio Signal strength control and sensingRadio Signal strength control and sensing Base-station readyBase-station ready stackable expansion connector stackable expansion connector

all ports, i2c, pwr, clock…

Several sensor boardsSeveral sensor boards basic protoboardbasic protoboard tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press)tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press) vibrations (2d acc, temp, light)vibrations (2d acc, temp, light) accelerometersaccelerometers magnetometersmagnetometers

TinyOS ApproachTinyOS ApproachStylized programming model with extensive static informationStylized programming model with extensive static information

Program = graph of TOS componentsProgram = graph of TOS components TOS component = command/event interface + behaviorTOS component = command/event interface + behavior

Rich expression of concurrencyRich expression of concurrency Events propagate across many componentsEvents propagate across many components Tasks provide internal concurrencyTasks provide internal concurrency

Regimented storage managementRegimented storage managementVery simple implementationVery simple implementation

For More see For More see http://http://tinyostinyos.millennium..millennium.berkeleyberkeley..eduedu

Emerging “de facto” tiny system Emerging “de facto” tiny system

Feb. 01 bootcampFeb. 01 bootcamp 40 people 40 people UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell, UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell,

Rutgers, Wash., Rutgers, Wash., LANL, Bosch, Accenture, LANL, Bosch, Accenture,

Intel, crossbowIntel, crossbow

Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on “rene” node“rene” node

Concurrency framework has held up well.Concurrency framework has held up well. Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked

embedded system tech (NEST) open platformembedded system tech (NEST) open platform Smaller building blocks for ubicompSmaller building blocks for ubicomp

Micro Flying InsectMicro Flying Insect ONR MURI/ DARPA fundedONR MURI/ DARPA funded Year 3 of 5 year projectYear 3 of 5 year project Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI), Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI),

Liepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, SastryLiepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, Sastry

Synthetic InsectsSynthetic Insects(Smart Dust with Legs)(Smart Dust with Legs)

Goal: Make silicon walk.Goal: Make silicon walk.

•Autonomous•Articulated•Size ~ 1-10 mm•Speed ~ 1mm/s

2003

2002

2004

2005

2010

MEMS Micro MEMS Micro Sensor NetworksSensor Networks

(Smart Dust)(Smart Dust)

MEMS Rotary Engine MEMS Rotary Engine Power System Power System

MEMS Single MEMS Single Molecule Detection Molecule Detection

SystemsSystems

MEMS MEMS “Mechanical” Micro “Mechanical” Micro

RadiosRadiosMEMS MEMS

Immunological Immunological SensorsSensors

MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)

Organizational Building BlocksOrganizational Building Blocks

CITRIS-Affiliated Research ActivitiesCITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities(please send contributions!)(please send contributions!)

International Computer Science Institute (ICSI)International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) (5 faculty, 18 students) studies (5 faculty, 18 students) studies network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human-network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human-centered computing. centered computing.

Millennium ProjectMillennium Project (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable interdisciplinary research.interdisciplinary research.

Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC)Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) (14 faculty, 100 students) is a (14 faculty, 100 students) is a world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.” micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.”

Microfabrication LaboratoryMicrofabrication Laboratory (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and micro-systems.micro-systems.

Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC)Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC) (23 faculty, 60 students) (23 faculty, 60 students) addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded systems using deep sub-micron technology. systems using deep sub-micron technology.

Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) (16 faculty, 114 students) is a (16 faculty, 114 students) is a consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low-consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low-power wireless devices.power wireless devices.

CITRIS-Affiliated Research ActivitiesCITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities(continued)(continued)

Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) (20 faculty, 60 (20 faculty, 60 students)students) a new networking research centera new networking research center will address large emerging will address large emerging networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)

Berkeley Institute of Design (BID)Berkeley Institute of Design (BID) (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary center (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study the design (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study the design of software, products and living spaces of software, products and living spaces based on the convergence of based on the convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial design, and design practices in information technology, industrial design, and architecturearchitecture

Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) (8 (8 faculty, 50 students)faculty, 50 students) (UCD) (UCD) focuses on data analysis, visualization, focuses on data analysis, visualization, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, multi-dimensional data sets.multi-dimensional data sets.

Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (CEWRE)Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (CEWRE) (9 (9 faculty, 45 students) faculty, 45 students) (UCD)(UCD) applications of advanced methods to applications of advanced methods to environmental and water management problems.environmental and water management problems.

Applications-Related Current ActivitiesApplications-Related Current Activities(please send contributions!)(please send contributions!)

Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATHPartners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATH, (20 faculty, 70 , (20 faculty, 70 students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in California.California.

Berkeley Seismological LaboratoryBerkeley Seismological Laboratory (15 faculty, 14 students) (15 faculty, 14 students) operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and local governments.local governments.

Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEERPacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER ( 25 ( 25 faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to safety and to the economy.safety and to the economy.

National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, NEXTORNEXTOR (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.

Applications-Related Current ActivitiesApplications-Related Current Activities(continued)(continued)

Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Center for the Built Environment (CBE) (19 faculty/staff) provides (19 faculty/staff) provides timely, unbiased information on promising new building timely, unbiased information on promising new building technologies and design techniques.technologies and design techniques.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) provides high-provides high-

performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational science of scale science of scale

Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) performs research and performs research and development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse energy-related environmental impacts.energy-related environmental impacts.

Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks

Current FundingCurrent Funding

Large NSF ITR AwardLarge NSF ITR Award Not yet official, NO PUBLICITYNot yet official, NO PUBLICITY $7.5M over 5 years $7.5M over 5 years Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for subsetsubset of CITRIS of CITRIS 2 applications: 2 applications:

Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry)Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry) Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)

Most SW aspects of systems, no hardwareMost SW aspects of systems, no hardware Service architecture (Katz, Joseph)Service architecture (Katz, Joseph) Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein)Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo)Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister)

(in original proposal, reduced support)

Collaboration with UC MercedCollaboration with UC Merced www.www.cscs..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~demmeldemmel/ITR_CITRIS/ITR_CITRIS

Foundational Research Problems in ITRFoundational Research Problems in ITR How do we make SISs How do we make SISs securesecure? ?

Tygar, Wagner, SamuelsonTygar, Wagner, Samuelson Lightweight authentication and digital signaturesLightweight authentication and digital signatures Graceful degradation after intrusionGraceful degradation after intrusion Protecting privacy, impact of related legislationProtecting privacy, impact of related legislation

How do we make SISs How do we make SISs reliablereliable? ? (in original proposal, reduced support)(in original proposal, reduced support)

Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, WagnerHenzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner Complexity => hybrid modelingComplexity => hybrid modeling Multi-aspect interfaces to reason about propertiesMulti-aspect interfaces to reason about properties Software quality => combined static/dynamic analysisSoftware quality => combined static/dynamic analysis

How do we make SISs How do we make SISs availableavailable? ? (in original proposal, reduced support)(in original proposal, reduced support)

Patterson, YelickPatterson, Yelick Repair-Centric DesignRepair-Centric Design Availability modeling and benchmarkingAvailability modeling and benchmarking Performance fault adaptationPerformance fault adaptation

What What algorithmsalgorithms do we need? do we need? Papadimitriou, DemmelPapadimitriou, Demmel Algorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISsAlgorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISs

CommerceNet IncubatorCommerceNet Incubator

Not yet Official, NO PUBLICITYNot yet Official, NO PUBLICITY $400K for one year$400K for one year State-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubatorState-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubator

http://www.commerce.net/http://www.commerce.net/

At Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT spaceAt Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT space http://www.path.http://www.path.berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/PATH/CCIT/Default./PATH/CCIT/Default.htmhtm

Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty and studentsand students Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors)Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors)

Companies chosen for closeness to CITRISCompanies chosen for closeness to CITRIS

Other supportOther support

Long list, at least $30MLong list, at least $30M Mostly technology, a few applications Mostly technology, a few applications More pendingMore pending

Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks

Funding OpportunitiesFunding Opportunities

(courtesy of Tom Kalil)(courtesy of Tom Kalil)

Next ITR SolicitationNext ITR Solicitation

Small proposals (<$500K)Small proposals (<$500K) Full proposal due February 6-7, 2002Full proposal due February 6-7, 2002

Medium proposals (<$5 million)Medium proposals (<$5 million) Full proposal due November 13, 2001Full proposal due November 13, 2001

Large proposals (<$15 million)Large proposals (<$15 million) Pre-proposals due November 9Pre-proposals due November 9thth, 2001 , 2001 Full proposal sue April 4, 2002Full proposal sue April 4, 2002

Next ITR SolicitationNext ITR Solicitation

Software and hardware systemsSoftware and hardware systems Augmenting individuals and transforming societyAugmenting individuals and transforming society

Particularly relevant to “apps” thrust of CITRIS!Particularly relevant to “apps” thrust of CITRIS!

Scientific frontiers and ITScientific frontiers and IT See See http://www.itr.nsf.govhttp://www.itr.nsf.gov for more details for more details

Getting Funding for CITRISGetting Funding for CITRIS

Will need to engage broader range of funding Will need to engage broader range of funding agencies, partners, and stakeholdersagencies, partners, and stakeholders

Examples:Examples: Energy efficiency: EnergyEnergy efficiency: Energy Env. Monitoring: Foundations, EPA, CalEPAEnv. Monitoring: Foundations, EPA, CalEPA Health monitoring: New NIH institute, DOD interest in Health monitoring: New NIH institute, DOD interest in

combat casualty carecombat casualty care Transportation: DOT, CaltransTransportation: DOT, Caltrans Earthquakes: FEMAEarthquakes: FEMA

Putting the “Social” into CITRISPutting the “Social” into CITRIS

Courtesy of Tom KalilCourtesy of Tom Kalil

More input requested!More input requested!

Bringing the “social” into CITRISBringing the “social” into CITRIS

CITRIS needs to engageCITRIS needs to engage SociologistsSociologists EconomistsEconomists AnthropologistsAnthropologists LawyersLawyers Political scientistsPolitical scientists Scholars of public policyScholars of public policy Business-school facultyBusiness-school faculty ……

Possible roles for Social ScientistsPossible roles for Social Scientists

Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets)Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets) Examine deployment issues associated with SISsExamine deployment issues associated with SISs

Economic, social, legal factors in rate of deploymentEconomic, social, legal factors in rate of deployment User-centered design (e.g. ethnography)User-centered design (e.g. ethnography) Suggest new application areas or themesSuggest new application areas or themes Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the

Information RevolutionInformation Revolution See web page for more extensive documentSee web page for more extensive document

Meeting OrganizationMeeting Organization

Morning Talks on Research Morning Talks on Research Infrastructure and TestbedsInfrastructure and Testbeds

Goal: describe facilities available now or soonGoal: describe facilities available now or soon CITRIS Net – Ben YooCITRIS Net – Ben Yoo Microlab – Costas SpanosMicrolab – Costas Spanos Smart Buildings and Energy Management – Ed ArensSmart Buildings and Energy Management – Ed Arens Hazard Mitigation – Steve GlaserHazard Mitigation – Steve Glaser Transportation – Karl HedrickTransportation – Karl Hedrick Biomedical Alert Networks – Tom BudingerBiomedical Alert Networks – Tom Budinger

Noon TalksNoon Talks

CITRIS Education Initiative – Paul WrightCITRIS Education Initiative – Paul Wright The New Economy – Brad DeLongThe New Economy – Brad DeLong

Afternoon Breakout SessionsAfternoon Breakout Sessions

TopicsTopics Smart Classrooms – John Canny, Pat ManteySmart Classrooms – John Canny, Pat Mantey Smart Buildings and Energy Management – Jan RabaeySmart Buildings and Energy Management – Jan Rabaey Hazard Mitigation – Steve GlaserHazard Mitigation – Steve Glaser Transportation – Karl HedrickTransportation – Karl Hedrick Biomedical Alert Networks – Tom BudingerBiomedical Alert Networks – Tom Budinger Environmental Monitoring – Jay LundEnvironmental Monitoring – Jay Lund

Charge to participantsCharge to participants Go forth and develop exciting interdisciplinary research agendas Go forth and develop exciting interdisciplinary research agendas

and ideas for proposalsand ideas for proposals Come back at 3:15pm to tell everyone about itCome back at 3:15pm to tell everyone about it