Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society

Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist

www.citris.berkeley.edu

UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz

CCenter For enter For IInformation nformation TTechnology echnology RResearch In esearch In The The IInterest Of nterest Of SSocietyociety

Major new initiative within the College of Engineering and on the Major new initiative within the College of Engineering and on the Berkeley CampusBerkeley Campus

Joint with UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNLJoint with UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNL Over 90 faculty from 21 departmentsOver 90 faculty from 21 departments Many industrial partnersMany industrial partners Significant State and private supportSignificant State and private support CITRIS will focus on IT solutions to tough, quality-of-life related CITRIS will focus on IT solutions to tough, quality-of-life related

problemsproblems

“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizenscan change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”

–Margaret Mead

OutlineOutline Scientific Agenda OverviewScientific Agenda Overview

Applications, Systems, FoundationsApplications, Systems, Foundations Hardware and Software Building Blocks Hardware and Software Building Blocks

Sensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, ClustersSensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, Clusters Organizational Building Blocks Organizational Building Blocks

New personnel and facilitiesNew personnel and facilities Affiliated research centers and activitiesAffiliated research centers and activities

Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks Industrial partners, fundingIndustrial partners, funding Current grantsCurrent grants

Putting the Social into CITRISPutting the Social into CITRIS Smart Energy – one application in detailSmart Energy – one application in detail Next stepsNext steps

Scientific Agenda OverviewScientific Agenda Overview

Technology Invention in a Social Context: Quality of Life

Impact

Energy Efficiency Transportation Planning Monitoring Health Care

Education Land and Environment Disaster Response

Technology Invention in a Social Context: Quality of Life

Impact

The CITRIS ModelThe CITRIS Model

Core Core TechnologiesTechnologies

ApplicationsApplications

FoundationsFoundations• ReliablityReliablity• AvailabilityAvailability• Security,Security,• AlgorithmsAlgorithms• Social, policy issuesSocial, policy issues

• Distributed Info SystemsDistributed Info Systems• Micro sensors/actuatorsMicro sensors/actuators• Human-Comp InteractionHuman-Comp Interaction• Prototype DeploymentPrototype Deployment

• Initially Leverage ExistingInitially Leverage Existing Expertise on campuses Expertise on campuses

Societal-Scale Information SystemsSocietal-Scale Information Systems(SIS)(SIS)

Initial CITRIS Applications (1)Initial CITRIS Applications (1) Saving EnergySaving Energy

Smart Buildings that adjust to inhabitantsSmart Buildings that adjust to inhabitants Make energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricingMake energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricing Large potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildingsLarge potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildings

Turning down heat, lights saves up to $55B/year, 35M tons C emission/year 30% of $45B/year energy bill is from “broken systems”

Transportation SystemsTransportation Systems Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Improve carpooling efficiency using advanced schedulingImprove carpooling efficiency using advanced scheduling Improve freeway utilization by managing traffic flowsImprove freeway utilization by managing traffic flows Large potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CALarge potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CA

15 minutes/commuter/day => $15B/year in wages $600M/year in trucking costs, 150K gallons of fuel/day

Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise)Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise) $100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths$100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths Monitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disasterMonitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disaster Provide efficient, personalized responsesProvide efficient, personalized responses Must function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstancesMust function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstances

Initial CITRIS Applications (2)Initial CITRIS Applications (2) Distributed BiomonitoringDistributed Biomonitoring

Wristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderlyWristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderly Monitored remotely 24x7x365Monitored remotely 24x7x365 Emergency response and potential remote drug deliveryEmergency response and potential remote drug delivery Cardiac ArrestCardiac Arrest

Raise out-of-hospital survival rate from 6% to 20% => save 60K lives/year

Distributed EducationDistributed Education Smart ClassroomsSmart Classrooms Lifelong Learning Center for professional educationLifelong Learning Center for professional education Develop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculumDevelop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculum

CS3 by Summer 2002

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringMonitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelinesMonitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelines

Mutual impact of urban and agricultural areasMutual impact of urban and agricultural areas

Monitor water shed response to climate events and land use changesMonitor water shed response to climate events and land use changes

Societal-Scale Systems

“Client”

“Server”

Clusters

Massive Cluster

Gigabit Ethernet

New System Architectures

New Enabled ApplicationsDiverse, Connected, Physical,

Virtual, Fluid

MEMSSensors

Scalable, Reliable,Secure Services

InformationAppliances

Societal-Scale Information System (SIS) Information Utility

– Planetary-scale/non-stop; secure, reliable, high-performance access, even when overloaded, down, disconnected, under repair, under attack

Smart System– Learns usage/adapts functions & interfaces

Managing Diversity– Component plug-and-play; integrate sensors /

actuators, hand-held appliances, workstations, building-sized cluster supercomputers

Always Connected– Short-range wireless nets to high-bandwidth,

high-latency long-haul optical backbones

Some SIS Design Research ProblemsSome SIS Design Research Problems

Sensor network level architectureSensor network level architecture Culler, Pister, Rabaey, Brodersen, Boser,…Culler, Pister, Rabaey, Brodersen, Boser,… How to program, synch, maintain sensor netHow to program, synch, maintain sensor net

Service architecture for distributed systemsService architecture for distributed systems Katz, Joseph, Kubiatowicz, Brewer, …Katz, Joseph, Kubiatowicz, Brewer, … How to create, peer, interface services in real timeHow to create, peer, interface services in real time

Adaptive data management and query processingAdaptive data management and query processing Franklin, Hellerstein, …Franklin, Hellerstein, … How to collect, summarize, filter, index sensor dataHow to collect, summarize, filter, index sensor data

Human centered computingHuman centered computing Canny, Hearst, Landay, Mankoff, Morgan, Feldman, …Canny, Hearst, Landay, Mankoff, Morgan, Feldman, … How to determine and support needs of diverse usersHow to determine and support needs of diverse users

Some Foundational Research ProblemsSome Foundational Research Problems How do we make SISs How do we make SISs securesecure? ?

Tygar, Wagner, Samuelson, …Tygar, Wagner, Samuelson, … Lightweight authentication and digital signaturesLightweight authentication and digital signatures Graceful degradation after intrusionGraceful degradation after intrusion Protecting privacy, impact of related legislationProtecting privacy, impact of related legislation

How do we make SISs How do we make SISs reliablereliable? ? Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner, …Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner, … Complexity => hybrid modelingComplexity => hybrid modeling Multi-aspect interfaces to reason about propertiesMulti-aspect interfaces to reason about properties Software quality => combined static/dynamic analysisSoftware quality => combined static/dynamic analysis

How do we make SISs How do we make SISs availableavailable? ? Patterson, Yelick, …Patterson, Yelick, … Repair-Centric DesignRepair-Centric Design Availability modeling and benchmarkingAvailability modeling and benchmarking Performance fault adaptationPerformance fault adaptation

What What algorithmsalgorithms do we need? do we need? Papadimitriou, Demmel, Jordan, …Papadimitriou, Demmel, Jordan, … Algorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISsAlgorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISs

Hardware and Software Building BlocksHardware and Software Building Blocks

Experimental Testbeds in UCB EECSExperimental Testbeds in UCB EECS

NetworkInfrastructure

GSMBTS

Millennium Cluster

Millennium Cluster

WLAN /Bluetooth

Pager

IBMWorkPad

CF788

MC-16

MotorolaPagewriter 2000

Velo

TCI @HomeAdaptive Broadband LMDS

H.323GW

Nino

Smart ClassroomsAudio/Video Capture Rooms

Pervasive Computing LabCoLab

Soda Hall

CalRen/Internet2/NGI

SmartDust

LCD Displays

WearableDisplays

PicoRadio PicoRadio Extending the Scope and … Pushing the EnvelopeExtending the Scope and … Pushing the Envelope

Cafe

Offices

Exhibits

Wireless node

Entrance

Smart DustSmart DustMEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/CommunicatorsMEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/Communicators

Create a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensorsCreate a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensors Explore system design issuesExplore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust componentsProvide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components initiallyUse off the shelf components initially

Current One-Inch Networked SensorCurrent One-Inch Networked SensorCuller, PisterCuller, Pister

1” x 1.5” motherboard1” x 1.5” motherboard ATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flashATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flash 900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range Radio Signal strength control and sensingRadio Signal strength control and sensing Base-station readyBase-station ready stackable expansion connector stackable expansion connector

all ports, i2c, pwr, clock…

Several sensor boardsSeveral sensor boards basic protoboardbasic protoboard tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press)tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press) vibrations (2d acc, temp, light)vibrations (2d acc, temp, light) accelerometersaccelerometers magnetometersmagnetometers

TinyOS ApproachTinyOS ApproachStylized programming model with extensive static informationStylized programming model with extensive static information

Program = graph of TOS componentsProgram = graph of TOS components TOS component = command/event interface + behaviorTOS component = command/event interface + behavior

Rich expression of concurrencyRich expression of concurrency Events propagate across many componentsEvents propagate across many components Tasks provide internal concurrencyTasks provide internal concurrency

Regimented storage managementRegimented storage managementVery simple implementationVery simple implementation

For More see For More see http://http://tinyostinyos.millennium..millennium.berkeleyberkeley..eduedu

Emerging “de facto” tiny system Emerging “de facto” tiny system

Feb. 01 bootcampFeb. 01 bootcamp 40 people 40 people UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell, UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell,

Rutgers, Wash., Rutgers, Wash., LANL, Bosch, Accenture, LANL, Bosch, Accenture,

Intel, crossbowIntel, crossbow

Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on “rene” node“rene” node

Concurrency framework has held up well.Concurrency framework has held up well. Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked

embedded system tech (NEST) open platformembedded system tech (NEST) open platform Smaller building blocks for ubicompSmaller building blocks for ubicomp

Micro Flying InsectMicro Flying Insect ONR MURI/ DARPA fundedONR MURI/ DARPA funded Year 3 of 5 year projectYear 3 of 5 year project Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI), Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI),

Liepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, SastryLiepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, Sastry

Synthetic InsectsSynthetic Insects(Smart Dust with Legs)(Smart Dust with Legs)

Goal: Make silicon walk.Goal: Make silicon walk.

•Autonomous•Articulated•Size ~ 1-10 mm•Speed ~ 1mm/s

2003

2002

2004

2005

2010

MEMS Micro MEMS Micro Sensor NetworksSensor Networks

(Smart Dust)(Smart Dust)

MEMS Rotary Engine MEMS Rotary Engine Power System Power System

MEMS Single MEMS Single Molecule Detection Molecule Detection

SystemsSystems

MEMS MEMS “Mechanical” Micro “Mechanical” Micro

RadiosRadiosMEMS MEMS

Immunological Immunological SensorsSensors

MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)

Organizational Building BlocksOrganizational Building Blocks

CITRIS Director Prof. Ruzena Bajcsy

Distinguished engineer, member of NAE/NIM Senior professor at UPenn, with appointments in

CIS, MechE, Medical School Established & ran major interdisciplinary research

laboratory Major leadership & management experience in DC

federal agencies—Assistant Director, CISE, NSF Served as Department Chair, 1986-1990 Highly influential among leaders of CS field and

national research funding circles Strong advocate for women in technical careers

CITRIS-Affiliated Research ActivitiesCITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities(please send contributions!)(please send contributions!)

International Computer Science Institute (ICSI)International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) (5 faculty, 18 students) studies (5 faculty, 18 students) studies network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human-network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human-centered computing. centered computing.

Millennium ProjectMillennium Project (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable interdisciplinary research.interdisciplinary research.

Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC)Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) (14 faculty, 100 students) is a (14 faculty, 100 students) is a world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.” micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.”

Microfabrication LaboratoryMicrofabrication Laboratory (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and micro-systems.micro-systems.

Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC)Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC) (23 faculty, 60 students) (23 faculty, 60 students) addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded systems using deep sub-micron technology. systems using deep sub-micron technology.

Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) (16 faculty, 114 students) is a (16 faculty, 114 students) is a consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low-consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low-power wireless devices.power wireless devices.

CITRIS-Affiliated Research ActivitiesCITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities(continued)(continued)

Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) (20 faculty, 60 (20 faculty, 60 students)students) a new networking research centera new networking research center will address large emerging will address large emerging networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)

Berkeley Institute of Design (BID)Berkeley Institute of Design (BID) (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study the design of software, products and living spaces the design of software, products and living spaces based on the based on the convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial design, and architecturedesign, and architecture

Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) (8 faculty, 50 students)(8 faculty, 50 students) (UCD) (UCD) focuses on data analysis, visualization, focuses on data analysis, visualization, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, multi-dimensional data sets.multi-dimensional data sets.

Applications-Related Current ActivitiesApplications-Related Current Activities(please send contributions!)(please send contributions!)

Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATHPartners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATH, (20 faculty, 70 , (20 faculty, 70 students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in California.California.

Berkeley Seismological LaboratoryBerkeley Seismological Laboratory (15 faculty, 14 students) (15 faculty, 14 students) operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and local governments.local governments.

Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEERPacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER ( 25 ( 25 faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to safety and to the economy.safety and to the economy.

National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, NEXTORNEXTOR (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.

Applications-Related Current ActivitiesApplications-Related Current Activities(continued)(continued)

Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Center for the Built Environment (CBE) (19 faculty/staff) provides (19 faculty/staff) provides timely, unbiased information on promising new building timely, unbiased information on promising new building technologies and design techniques.technologies and design techniques.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) provides high-provides high-

performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational science of scale science of scale

Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) performs research and performs research and development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse energy-related environmental impacts.energy-related environmental impacts.

Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (CEWRE)(CEWRE) (9 faculty, 45 students) (9 faculty, 45 students) (UCD)(UCD) applications of advanced applications of advanced methods to environmental and water management problems.methods to environmental and water management problems.

Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks

California Institutes in Science and California Institutes in Science and TechnologyTechnology

Governor Gray Davis’ InitiativeGovernor Gray Davis’ Initiative $100M state funding for capital projects over 4 years--matched $100M state funding for capital projects over 4 years--matched

2:1 by Federal, industrial, private support2:1 by Federal, industrial, private support Focus on “hot” areas for 21Focus on “hot” areas for 21stst Century, limited to UC campuses Century, limited to UC campuses Three initially funded: Three initially funded:

UCSF/UCB/UCSC (Bioinformatics) UCSF/UCB/UCSC (Bioinformatics) UCLA/UCSB (Nanotechnology) UCLA/UCSB (Nanotechnology) UCSD/UCI (Information Technology)UCSD/UCI (Information Technology)

UCB-led CITRIS proposal in 2001-2002 State budgetUCB-led CITRIS proposal in 2001-2002 State budget

New CITRIS Facilities

Cory Refurbishment (Berkeley) CITRIS Building (Berkeley) Engineering Building (Santa Cruz) CITRIS Network (Davis, Berkeley, Merced, SC)

Cory HallEECS

Cory HallEECS

Soda HallEECS

Soda HallEECS

Committed Support from IndustryCommitted Support from Industry

Founding Corporate Members of CITRISFounding Corporate Members of CITRIS

We have received written pledges to CITRIS of over We have received written pledges to CITRIS of over $170 million $170 million from individuals and corporationsfrom individuals and corporations committed to the CITRIS long- committed to the CITRIS long-range visionrange vision

Large NSF ITR AwardLarge NSF ITR Award $7.5M over 5 years $7.5M over 5 years Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for subsetsubset of CITRIS of CITRIS 2 applications: 2 applications:

Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry)Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry) Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)

Most SW aspects of systems, no hardwareMost SW aspects of systems, no hardware Service architecture (Katz, Joseph)Service architecture (Katz, Joseph) Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein)Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo)Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister)

(in original proposal, reduced support)

Collaboration with UC MercedCollaboration with UC Merced www.www.cscs..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~demmeldemmel/ITR_CITRIS/ITR_CITRIS

CommerceNet IncubatorCommerceNet Incubator

State-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubatorState-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubator http://www.commerce.nethttp://www.commerce.net

At Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT spaceAt Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT space http://www.path.http://www.path.berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/PATH/CCIT/Default./PATH/CCIT/Default.htmhtm

Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty and studentsand students Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors)Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors) http://www.http://www.cscs..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~demmeldemmel//CommerceNetCommerceNet

Companies chosen for closeness to CITRISCompanies chosen for closeness to CITRIS

WEbS - Wireless Embedded SystemsWEbS - Wireless Embedded Systems $2.44M from DARPA’s Networked Embedded $2.44M from DARPA’s Networked Embedded

Systems (NEST) programSystems (NEST) program Culler, Brewer, Wagner, Sastry, Pister, 13 studentsCuller, Brewer, Wagner, Sastry, Pister, 13 students Development of “rene” node and tinyOSDevelopment of “rene” node and tinyOS Upcoming Boot Camp to program nodesUpcoming Boot Camp to program nodes

Other supportOther support

Long list, at least $27MLong list, at least $27M More pendingMore pending More proposals being writtenMore proposals being written

Putting the “Social” into CITRISPutting the “Social” into CITRIS

Courtesy of John Canny, Tom KalilCourtesy of John Canny, Tom Kalil

More input requested!More input requested!

Bringing the “social” into CITRISBringing the “social” into CITRIS

CITRIS needs to engageCITRIS needs to engage SociologistsSociologists EconomistsEconomists AnthropologistsAnthropologists LawyersLawyers Political scientistsPolitical scientists Scholars of public policyScholars of public policy Business-school facultyBusiness-school faculty ……

Possible roles for Social ScientistsPossible roles for Social Scientists

Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets)Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets) Examine deployment issues associated with SISsExamine deployment issues associated with SISs

Economic, social, legal factors in rate of deploymentEconomic, social, legal factors in rate of deployment User-centered design (e.g. ethnography)User-centered design (e.g. ethnography) Suggest new application areas or themesSuggest new application areas or themes Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information

RevolutionRevolution See web page for more extensive documentSee web page for more extensive document

www.citris.berkeley.eduwww.citris.berkeley.edu, click on “Kick Off”, click on “Kick Off”

Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency

Detailed ExampleDetailed Example

The Inelasticity of California’s Electrical Supply The Inelasticity of California’s Electrical Supply

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000MW

$/MWh

Power-exchange market price for electricity versus load(California, Summer 2000)

How to Address the Inelasticity of the SupplyHow to Address the Inelasticity of the Supply

Spread demand over time (or reduce peak)Spread demand over time (or reduce peak) Make cost of energyMake cost of energy

visible to end-user function of load curve (e.g. hourly pricing)

““demand-response” approachdemand-response” approach

Reduce average demand (demand side)Reduce average demand (demand side) Eliminate wasteful consumptionEliminate wasteful consumption Improve efficiency ofImprove efficiency of equipment and appliancesequipment and appliances

Improve efficiency of generation and distribution Improve efficiency of generation and distribution network (supply side)network (supply side)

Enabled by Information!

Energy Consumption in Buildings Energy Consumption in Buildings (US 1997)(US 1997)

End Use Residential Commercial

Space heating 6.7 2.0

Space cooling 1.5 1.1

Water heating 2.7 0.9

Refrigerator/Freezer 1.7 0.6

Lighting 1.1 3.8

Cooking 0.6 -

Clothes dryers 0.6 -

Color TVs 0.8 -

Ventilation/Furnace fans 0.4 0.6

Office equipment - 1.4

Miscellaneous 3.0 4.9

Total 19.0 15.2

Source: Interlaboratory Working Group, 2000

(Units: quads per year = 1.05 EJ y-1)

A Three-Phase ApproachA Three-Phase Approach Phase 1:Phase 1: Passive Monitoring Passive Monitoring

The availability of cheap, connected (wired or wireless) sensors makes it possible for the The availability of cheap, connected (wired or wireless) sensors makes it possible for the end-user to monitor energy-usage of buildings and individual appliances and act there-on. end-user to monitor energy-usage of buildings and individual appliances and act there-on.

Primary feedback on usagePrimary feedback on usage Monitor health of the system (30% inefficiency!)Monitor health of the system (30% inefficiency!)

Phase 2:Phase 2: Quasi-Active Monitoring and Control Quasi-Active Monitoring and Control Combining the monitoring information with instantaneous feedback on the cost of usage Combining the monitoring information with instantaneous feedback on the cost of usage

closes the feedback loop between end-user and supplier.closes the feedback loop between end-user and supplier.

Phase 3:Phase 3: Active Energy-Management through Feedback and Control—Smart Active Energy-Management through Feedback and Control—Smart Buildings and Intelligent AppliancesBuildings and Intelligent Appliances Adding instantaneous and distributed control functionality to the sensoring and Adding instantaneous and distributed control functionality to the sensoring and

monitoring functions increases energy efficiency and user comfortmonitoring functions increases energy efficiency and user comfort

Smart BuildingsSmart Buildings

Dense wireless network of Dense wireless network of sensor, control, andsensor, control, and

actuator nodesactuator nodes

• Task/ambient conditioning systems allow conditioning in small, localized zones, to be individually controlled by building occupants and environmental conditions

• Joined projects between BWRC/BSAC, School of Architecture (CBE), Civil Engineering, and IEOR with Berkeley and Santa Cruz

A Proof-of-Concept:A Proof-of-Concept:A six month demonstration, already underway!A six month demonstration, already underway!

““Easy”:Easy”: Fully instrument a number of buildings on campus with networked light and Fully instrument a number of buildings on campus with networked light and

temperature sensors in every room, and make the data available on a centralized temperature sensors in every room, and make the data available on a centralized web-site.web-site.

““Medium”:Medium”: Make a wireless power monitor with a standard 3-prong feedthrough receptacle so Make a wireless power monitor with a standard 3-prong feedthrough receptacle so

that people can monitor power consumption of electronic devices as a function of that people can monitor power consumption of electronic devices as a function of time.time.

Similar device, but passively coupled to high-power wiring to monitor total power Similar device, but passively coupled to high-power wiring to monitor total power consumption through breaker boxes. This would give us a much finer granularity of consumption through breaker boxes. This would give us a much finer granularity of power-consumption details, and let us look at clusters of rooms, floors, etc.power-consumption details, and let us look at clusters of rooms, floors, etc.

Fully instrument the campus power distribution systemFully instrument the campus power distribution system ““Hard”:Hard”:

Real-time monitoring and control of hundreds of power systems on campus. Enforce Real-time monitoring and control of hundreds of power systems on campus. Enforce compliance with load reduction. Charge/reward departments according to their use compliance with load reduction. Charge/reward departments according to their use during peak times.during peak times.

Leaders: Pister, Culler, Trent, Sastry, Rabaey

Energy ReferencesEnergy References

www.citris.berkeley.eduwww.citris.berkeley.edu, , Click on Smart EnergyClick on Smart Energy

Severin Borenstein’s paper on California’s Severin Borenstein’s paper on California’s electricity deregulation disaster electricity deregulation disaster

haashaas..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~borensteborenste//CATroubleCATrouble..pdfpdf

Next StepsNext Steps

How to participateHow to participate You probably are already (in technology)You probably are already (in technology) Get the big pictureGet the big picture

Application motivation importantApplication motivation important Participate in interdisciplinary collaborationsParticipate in interdisciplinary collaborations

On-line materialOn-line material www.citris.berkeley.eduwww.citris.berkeley.edu www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRISwww.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNetwww.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNet Other faculty pagesOther faculty pages

Workshops Workshops Mote Boot Camp by Culler on Oct 17Mote Boot Camp by Culler on Oct 17

webs.cs.berkeley.edu/bootcamp.html More being planned on applications and technologyMore being planned on applications and technology

What is the future of information technology?What is the future of information technology? Increasingly, symbiosis with other fields, impact on societyIncreasingly, symbiosis with other fields, impact on society