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6. What is the main objective of CIM?The main aim of CIM is to use the advanced information processing technology into all

areas of manufacturing industry in order to

Make total process more process more productive and efficient.

Increase product reliability.

Decrease the cost of production and maintenance relating to the manufacturing system aswell as to the product

Reduce the number of hazardous jobs and increase the involvement of well educated andable humans in the manufacturing ability and design.

7. What do you mean by Islands of Automation?

The individually automated workstations or processes are called as Islands of automation. In

other words the term represents the various technologies that facilitate manufacturing automationin isolation, without having integrated with other manufacturing technologies.

8. Differentiate between the islands approach to automation and CIM.

The primary difference between the islands approach to automation and CIM is that the CIM

is global and the other is local.

CIM represents the logical evolution of the islands of automation concept.9. What is the role of CIM is manufacturing?

CIM is most closely associated with functions in manufacturing engineering such a processplanning and numerical control (NC) part programming.

10. Define CAD and CAM. CAD maybe defined as any design activity that involves the effective use if computer tocreate, modify or document engineering design.

CAM may be defined as an effective use of computers and computer technology in the

planning, management and control of the manufacturing function.

11. What do you mean by island of software?When computer software is restricted in its ability to link to other computer softwares it is

known as island of software.12. What are the important applications of CIM in manufacturing planning? Manufacturing planning

Manufacturing control

13. What are the important applications of CIM in manufacturing control? The applications of computer process control are pervasive today in automated productionsystems. Quality control includes a variety of approaches to ensure the highest possible

quality levels in the manufactured product.

Shop floor control refers to production management techniques.

14. What is management?

Management is the process of making decisions and directing the activities of personnel toachieve stated objective. The objectives are successfully met when efforts are organized by

communicating appropriate information for control and readjustment.

15. What is MAP?Manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) is an implementation of the OSI model. It is ta

hardware cum software implementable set of rules that facilitate information transfer among

networked computers and computer based equipments.

16.What are the goals of automation in manufacturing industry?

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Process Integration

Improve Productivity

Economize on floor space Improve quality

17. Define EDI.

Electronic data interchange (EDI) may be defined as the electronic transfer from the computerto computer (or application to application) of commercial or administrative transactions using anagreed standard to structure the transaction or message data.

18. What are dedicated and open systems?

The dedicated system refers to a computer system that is dedicated for a specificapplication/purpose/machine. Open systems enable any type of computer system to communicate

with

any other.

19. What are the benefits of EDI?Properly installed EDI offers benefits in terms of reduced data errors through the avoidance of

double entry of data, reduced costs through improved business processes, reduced lead time,

better service and customer support through faster and better business processes.20. What are the key functions of a manufacturing company? Marketing

Engineering Production planning Plant operations

Physical distribution Business and financial management

21. What is production planning and production control? Production planning is the preproduction activity. It is the predetermination of the

manufacturing requirements such as manpower, materials, machines and manufacturing

process. Production control, through control mechanism tries to take corrective action to match the

planned and actual production.

22. What is meant by physical distribution?

It may be defined as the broad range of activities concerned with different movement offinished products from the end of the production line to the customers. These activities include

freight transportation, inventory control, plant warehouse site selection, order processing, market

forecasting and customer service.

23. What are the responsibilities of facilities engineering?The responsibilities of facilities engineering include plant automation, planning the installation

of new equipment, planning materials flow and related work handling equipments, planning

inventory staging space and arranging storage for materials and tools.

24. List the activities carried out by financial department of a manufacturing industry.1. Company services

2. Payroll

3. Accounts payable, billing and accounts receivable4. Cost accounting

5. Financial planning and management

6. Strategic planning

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25. Specify the activities carried out by marketing department is manufacturing industry.1. Doing market research

2. Forecasting demand and sales3. Analysing sales, tackling the performance of products and of market segments

4. Arranging sales activities and advertising campaign

5. Developing and managing marketing channels6. Managing sales personnel, sales plans and promotions.

UNITII1. Define Group Technology (GT).Group Technology (GT) is a manufacturing methodology in which identical or

similar components grouped processed together during design, process planning and

manufacturing so that a wide variety of components can be manufactured, at the least expense of

time, inventory, man hours and material handling.

2. List out the stages in Group Technology. Production planners to setup the GT database.

Grouping the parts or components into part-families with some similar characteristics.

Re-design the shop-floor arrangement according to common shape, function ormanufacturing process and tooling.

3. Define Part family

Part-family is defined as" collection of parts which are similar in terms of geometricshape, size, and similar processing steps requird in manufacturing, so flow of materials through

the plant improves".

4.What are the methods available for solving problems in GT?

5. List the general methods used for grouping parts into families.

Visual Inspection Parts classification and coding system Production flow analysis.

6. What is PFA?

Production flow analysis (PFA) is a method for identifying part families and associatedmachine groupings that uses the information contained on production route sheets rather on part

drawings.

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7. List the steps involved in PFA. Data Collection

Sortation of process routings Preparation of PFA chart

Cluster analysis.

8. What are the 3 basic code structures used in GT applications?1. Hierarchical codes2. Attribute codes

3. Decision tree-codes.

9.What is the main difference between hierarchical code and attribute code structures?In hierarchical structure, the interpretation of each symbol in the sequence depends on the

value of preceding symbols. Whereas in attribute/polycode structure, the interpretation of each

symbol in the sequence doesnot depend on the value of preceding symbols.

10. List any six coding systems that are widely recognised in industries.1. Optiz classification system

2. MICLASS system

3. DCLASS system4. KK-3 System

5. CODE system

6. CUTPLAN system

11. What is cellular manufacturing?Cellular manufacturing (CM) is an application of GT in which dissimilar machines have been

aggregated into cells, each of which is dedicated to the production of a part family.

12. List any four design considerations guiding the cell formation.

Parts/products to be fully completed in the cell. Higher operator utilisation Fewer operations than equipment

Balanced equipment utilisation in the cell.

13.What is Process planning?Process planning consists of preparing a set of instructions that describe how to fabricate a

part or build an assembly which will satisfy engineering design specifications. Process planning

is the systematic determination of the methods by which product is to be manufactured,economically

and competitively.

14. List the activities associated with process planning

1. Analysing finished part equipments2. Determining operating sequence

3. Selecting machines

4. Selecting material parameters5. Calculating process times6. Documenting process planning

15. What is meant by CAPP?

CAPP refers to computer aided process planning. CAPP is used to overcome the drawbacks ofmanual process planning. With the use of computers in the process planning, one can reduce the

routine clerical work of manufacturing engineers. Also it provides the opportunity to generate

rational, consistent and optimal plans.

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16.What are the approaches the CAPP will recognize?Two approaches to CAPP are traditionally recognized: the variant approach and the

generative approach. Many CAPP systems combine both approaches.

17.WhyCAPP systems are called as variant system? The investment is less and the development time is shorter. Especially for medium sized

companies which want to establish their own research groups. The development costs and hardware costs are lower. Especially for some small companieswhere the products do not vary much and who still have process planners.

18. Give themain component of generativeCAPP systems.

CAPP system contains of two main components. Manufacturing data base (part description, machine tool library etc.)

Decision logic (to represent the process planner)

19. What are the basic approaches of CAPP?

1. Retrieval (or variant) CAPP system

2. Generative CAPP system.

20.What are the results of Process Planning?Routings which specify operations, operation sequences, work centres, standards, tooling and

fixtures. This routing becomes a major input to the manufacturing resource planning system to

define operations for production activity control purpose and define required resources forcapacity requirements planning purposes.

Process plans which typically provide more detailed, step-by-step work instructions

including dimensions related to individual operations, machining parameters, set-up instructions,and quality assurance checkpoints.

Fabrication and assembly drawings to support manufacture (as opposed to engineering

drawings to define the part).

21.What are the factors should be considered in selection of tooling? The type and amount of the material to be cut

The surface finish required The rigidity and shape of the part . The capacity and condition of the available equipment

The required production volume (high volume jobs usually permit optimum speeds and

feeds while lot jobs may use lower speeds to achieve completion of the lot without regrinding ofthe cutting tool)

The succeeding operations such as finish grinding and honing

The recommendations given in tables should be considered only as a starting point. A

detailed analysis is further required in each individual case to arrive at the most feasiblesolution.

22.What are the prerequisites for process planning?

Part list Annual demand/ batch size Accuracy and surface finish requirement

Equipment details Data on cutting fluids, tools, jigs and fixtures, gauges. Standard available stock sizes.

Machining data, data on handling and setup.

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23.What is the weakness of PFA?The weakness of production flow analysis (PFA) that the data used are derived from

production route-sheets. But the process-sequences have been prepared by different processlanners and the difference is reflected on to these route-sheets.

24. List some commercial variant and generative CAPP software systems

Some of the commercial variant CAPP systems include CUTPLAN. COMCAPP V,DCLASS and INTELLICAP.

Some of the commercial generative CAPP systems include AUTAP, CMPP, GENPLAN and

LOCAM.

25. What is CMPP?The CMPP stands for computer-managed process planning. It is a commercial generative

process planning system capable of automatically making process decisions.