C

J

A

Dt(cimuCiiibfapria

I

Dsittwp

BCs

F

CIRED 2017

CIGRE

Jan MEYER, ATechnische U

Gjan.meyer

ABSTRACT

Due to the eneto renewable e(PV) installatcountries. As impact on pomanufacturersutilities/netwoC4/C6.29 hasinstallations aincorporate thissues related been conductefound that thamong utilitiepossible impacrecommended installations ina reliable asse

INTRODUC

During the lassolar power con many coun

trend is expecthe coming ywith the conpotential impa

Between 201C4/C6.29 “Postudied, ana

Fig. 1 Global Ins

24

E C4/C6.29

Ana-Maria BLUniversitaet DGermany r@tu-dresden

T

ergy policies energy sourcetions is contiPV inverters

ower quality s, planners, rk operators.s studied m

and its impacthe existing exto solar powe

ed by the wohere is a siges/network opct of PV insta

d to intensifn order to obessment of its

CTION

st decade a huonnected to th

ntries of the wcted to contin

years. Differennnection of sact on voltage

3 and 2016 ower quality lysed and

talled Solar PV fr

4th Internation

9: SURVEYISSU

LANCO SDresden

n.de

and the consees, the amouninuously incr utilize poweis an importsolar power The CIGRE

many aspects t on power quxperiences wier, an internatorking group. gnificant lackperators with

allations on pofy the mon

btain sufficienimpact on pow

uge increase ihe networks haworld, as shownue and even nt concerns hsolar power, and current q

the CIGRE aspects of sdiscussed t

from 2005-2015 (

al Conference

Y OF UTILUES RELAT

Sarah RÖNNBLuleå Unive

sarah.ro

equent transitnt of photovolreasing in mer electronics,tant concern r operators aE working gro

related to uality. In ordeth power quational survey The survey

k of informath respect to ower quality. Initoring of t information wer quality.

in the amounas been obser

wn in Fig.1. Tintensify dur

have been raiespecially th

quality.

working grolar power” the impact

Source: [1])

e on Electricity

LITIES EXTED TO S

BERG, Math Bersity of TechnSwedenonnberg@ltu.s

tion taic any its for

and oup PV r to

ality has has tion the

It is PV for

t of rved This ring ised heir

oup has

of

PhwitgroSom

Assurutiuseandresof

Thwitstaarerec

SU

In praof muwoFordis

Th

Mototweofutieacindsur

y Distribution

XPERIENCOLAR PO

BOLLENnology E

se

otovoltaic (Pth respect to oup results arme of the resu

s part of its wrvey to identiflities/networked in the remad network ospect to powerPV installatio

his paper summth an overvi

atistics about te provided acommendation

URVEY

order to ideactice of netwPV installatio

ultiple choiceorking group r each ques

stinguished ba

he questionnair

• Voltage f- flicke- rapid

• Sags, swe• Voltage u• Waveform

- below- betwe

oreover, someal load and to

ere also acquirthe utilities

lities could ach question indicate other irvey.

CES ON POWER

Electric Power

jsm

PV) installatiopower quali

re presented iults are summ

work the workfy the experienk operators (tainder of this perators) fror quality aspe

ons.

marizes the reew of the suthe participanand discussedns conclude th

entify experiework operatorsons on powere questions hamongst utilittion small a

ased on a rated

re covers the f

fluctuations: er voltage changells, transientsunbalance m distortion

w 2 kHz (harmeen 2 kHz and

e statistical dotal amount ored in order twith respec

also provide cn order to explissues that w

Glasgow, 12-

OWER QUA

Jeff SMITH r Research Ins

USA mith@epri.com

ons on electrity. Details oin a technical

marized in [3].

king group hances and currethe term “utipaper to covem around thcts related to

esults of the survey conten

nts are providd. A summahe paper.

nces, concerns with respectr quality, a suhas been conties from arouand large ind power of 30

following phe

ges s

monics, interhad 150 kHz (sup

data about thef connected Pto assess a levt to PV instcommentarieslain some of thwere not add

-15 June 2017

Paper 0456

1

ALITY

stitute (EPRI)

m

ricity networkof the workinl brochure [2

as conducted ent practices oilities” will ber both utilitiehe world witthe connectio

survey. It startnt. Next, somed. The resulary and som

ns and current to the impac

urvey with fivnducted by thund the world

nstallations arkW.

enomena:

armonics) praharmonics)

e network, thPV installationvel “relevancetallations. Th

s at the end oheir answers o

dressed by th

7

6

/5

ks ng 2].

a of be es th on

ts me

ts me

nt ct ve he d. re

)

he ns e” he of or he

C

T

CIRED 2017

The survey ad

1. General Various cof their oacquired technical

2. MonitoriPresent simpact ofthe netwo

3. Observedquality: Possible phenomenetworksinstallatio

4. ObservedPossible their netwof PV ins

5. ApplicatiPresent fassessinghave to b

Table I Nationa

Country

Germany

China

USA

Spain

United Kingdom

Australia

Czech Republi

Canada

Romania

Netherlands

Switzerland

South Africa

Austria

Mexico

Sweden

Turkey

Uruguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina

(1): Information(2) NA: Inform

24

ddresses the fo

concerns: concerns that

own experiencfrom conferen

l recommenda

ing practices: strategies of utf PV installatiorks.

d impact of PV

changes in thena experiences due to the coons.

d interferenceinterferences

works due to tstallations.

ion of emissioframework of g emission limbe applied by u

ality of respondenCumulatiinstalled P

capacity (M

38200

28199

18280

5358

5104

4136

c 2134

1710

1219

1123

1076

922

766

176

79

58

NA

NA

Total

n obtained from [mation not availabl

4th Internation

ollowing five a

utilities may hce or due to innces, research

ations, etc.

tilities for monions on power

V installations

e level of powed by the utilionnection and

es caused by Pobserved by t

the connection

on limits: guidelines for

mits for PV insutilities.

nts ive PV

MW) (1)

Rank country

1

2

5

7

8

9

14

15

17

18

19

21

22

29

31

32

NA

NA

[5] le

al Conference

aspects:

have as a resunformation h papers,

nitoring possir quality level

s on power

wer quality ties in their operation of P

PV installationthe utilities in n and operatio

r calculating astallations that

of y (1)

Respons

3

1

5

1

2

5

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

1

1

32

e on Electricity

ult

ible s in

PV

ns:

on

and t

PA

Th20havcouon solreccumof capranCowit

Halevloatha

In uticalinsPtot

Thwe

Tg

This sPVcom

ses

y Distribution

ARTICIPAN

he survey was 16. In total 3ve been recuntries and th

the availabllar power in thceived from mulative insta

countries wpacity in the wnking countronsequently, thth different le

alf of the parvel of PV penad. The total inan 500 MW, a

order to obtality, the levlculated basedstalled PV powt peak) provided

=PVPL

his index was ere classified i

Table II TotalPV pow

Total installed PVgeneration (MW)

<50

50-500

500-1500

1500 - 3500

>3500

he distributionshown in Tabl

V installationsmmon ones.

TaMost

5k

30k

500

NTS

conducted be32 responses ceived. Tablehe number ofle informationhe world (e.g.

countries walled PV capawith highest world as provries are inhe survey mixvels of experi

rticipating utinetration withnstalled PV p

as shown in Ta

ain a first ideavel of PV pd on the statwer Ptot PV andd by 30 of the

= tot PV

tot peak

P

P

calculated forin five categor

l installed wer V Number of

utilities

10

10

5

4

1

of most commle IV. Almosts of less tha

able IV Size of thcommon size of Pinstallations

P < 5kW

kW ≤ P < 30kW

kW ≤ P <500kW

kW ≤ P < 10MW

P > 10MW

Glasgow, 12-

etween April from 18 diffee I lists thef responding un about the [4, 5]), respo

with high as acity. Accordi

cumulative vided by [5], 6ncluded in xes the opinioience with PV

lities have a h less than 5%power of mostable II.

a about the “rpower penetratistical data (td the peak loa 32 utilities:

r each utility ries as shown

Table III penetr

Level of PVpenetration

0-5%

5-10%

10-25%

25-50%

>50%

mon size of Pt 70% of the uan 30 kW to

he PV installationPV Perc

ut

3

3

1

W 8

8

-15 June 2017

Paper 0456

2

2015 and Maferent countriee participatinutilities. Basedistribution o

onses have beewell as low

ing to the raninstalled PV

6 of the 10 topthe survey

on of countrieV.

relatively low% of their peat utilities is les

relevance” of ation PLPV

total power oad of the utilit

(1)

and all utilitiein Table III.

Level of PV ration PLPV

V n

Percentage of utilities

50.0 %

16.7 %

23.3 %

3.3 %

6.7 %

PV installationutilities indicato be the mo

ns entage of tilities

2.6 %

7.0 %

3.0 %

8.7 %

8.7 %

7

6

2/5

ay es ng ed of en w

nk V p-y. es

w ak ss

a is of ty

)

es

ns te st

C

R

QFctmuicqictamr

F

F

CIRED 2017

RESULTS

Q1 - GeneraFig. 2 showsconsider the interms of the fomajor concernunbalance levenstallations. A

concern for mquality phenodentified. All

concern than the utilities arabout 20% wimore informarespect to thes

Fig. 3 Results of t

Fig. 2 Results of t

24

al concerns s the results ncrease of PV

following pown for the utiliels due to the An increase

most utilities omena a spl voltage fluctharmonics anre not sure with regard to iation and furthse phenomena

the question: “Do

the question “Do

4th Internation

for the queV installations

wer quality paities is a posconnection oof harmonicsas well. For

pecific tendetuation phenond unbalance.

with regard to interharmonicher education

a.

o you monitor po

you consider the

al Conference

estion “Do ys as a concernarameters?”. Tsible increase

of small-sized s seems to bthe other pow

ency cannot omena are of l Almost 40%supraharmon

cs. Consequenn is needed w

wer quality level

e increase of PV i

e on Electricity

you n in The e of PV

be a wer

be less

% of nics, ntly, with

Q2Thandaimresshomedurmeinsmesupto doesup

s and/or emission

nstallations as a c

y Distribution

2 - Monitorihe question “d/or emission

ms to identifyspect to installow that measurements atrations. A sigeasurements astallations. Jueasurements. praharmonics the fact that es often notpraharmonics.

ns of (small and l

concern in terms

ing practice “Do you mos of (small an monitoring pled PV install

most of thet a few PV insgnificant numat all, particuust few utiAgain, leasand interharmcommonly ust measure th.

arge) PV installa

of the following

Glasgow, 12-

onitor power nd large) PV practice amonlations. The ree utilities pstallations and

mber does noular for the ilities set ust attention monics, whichsed measuremhese paramet

tions?”

power quality pa

-15 June 2017

Paper 0456

3

quality leveinstallations?

ng utilities witesults in Fig.perform onld only for shoot perform an

small-size PVup continuou

is given th might be du

ment equipmenters, particula

arameters?”

7

6

3/5

ls ?” th 3

ly ort ny V us to ue nt ar

C

QF“fdmcpmt

QFeii

Fd

F

CIRED 2017

Q3 - ImpactFig. 4 shows “Do you obsefollowing powdedicated to Pmost of the changes in thparameters in monitoring, asthis question m

Q4 - InterferFig. 5 showsexperience installations?”nterferences c

ig. 4 Results of tedicated to PV in

Fig. 5 Results of t

24

t on power qthe analysis

erve significanwer quality parPV installationutilities have

he levels of ttheir network

s identified inmight be biase

rences cause the responsany interf

”. Most of thecaused by PV

the question: “Donstallations?”

the question: “Do

4th Internation

quality levelsof responses

nt changes in rameters, whicns?”. Accordie not experiethe considere

ks. However, d question Q2,

ed.

ed by PV ines of the qu

ference caue utilities haveV installations

o you observe sig

o you experience

al Conference

s s to the quest

the levels of ch can be cleaing to the resuenced significed power quadue to the lack, the response

stallations uestion “Do yused by e not found ma

or they are v

nificant changes

any interference

e on Electricity

tion f the arly ults, cant ality k of s to

you PV

ajor very

rarlesit (mexcor mo

Q5Fig“DMoestutiexirefrel

in the levels of th

caused by PV in

y Distribution

re. Only unbalss than 30 kWis not clear

malfunction/damceedance of rlimits accord

ore likely.

5 - Applicatig. 6 shows th

Do you apply ost utilities htablished eithelities have regist for suprflects the presated to these p

he following pow

stallations?

lance in connW seems to occ

whether this mage of

respective limding to EN 5

ion of emisshe analysis o

emissions limhave to follower on nationalgulations for raharmonics sently existingpower quality

wer quality parame

Glasgow, 12-

nection with Pcur more frequ

means “real”equipment)

mits (e.g. comp50160), which

ion limits f responses tmits for PV iw external rul or internationharmonics, wand interhar

g gap in the sy phenomena.

eters, which can b

-15 June 2017

Paper 0456

4

PV installationuent. Howeve” interferenceor just a

patibility leveh seems to b

to the questioinstallations?ules, which arnal level. Mo

while least rulermonics. Thstandardizatio

be clearly

7

6

4/5

ns er, es an ls

be

on ”. re st es is

on

C

SMmmcLpciuii

Sccdti2mucscs

C

Tuiutpatc

Hi

F

CIRED 2017

Supporting CMost of the cmonitoring pmonitoring is connection of Long-term mprograms are cannot give constallations on

utilities also snstallations ontensify meas

Some utilitiescapability to mcannot give decrease of ththe switching nverters, are

20 kHz, it imonitored freutility mentioncontrol signalsignal dampincharacteristic supraharmonic

CONCLUSI

The survey shutilities with nstallations o

utilities do nothey cannot repower quality a relatively lowtherefore theyconcern.

However, withn the coming

Fig. 6 Results of t

24

Comments comments fro

practices. Sevonly carried o

f PV installatimeasurements

usually not onfident informn the power qstate their conon power quasurements in o

s also indicatemeasure supraa certain an

he supraharmofrequencies,

e usually los recommen

equency rangens that the invl”, which coung due to the

or a possibc emission of

IONS

hows a signirespect to

on power quaot have consiseliably identifphenomena.

w installed PVy do not cons

h the expecteg years, it is r

the question: “Do

4th Internation

om the utilitieveral utilitiesout shortly befions or in cas

or continuconducted a

mation about quality in theirncern about thality and theorder to study

ed that they aharmonics, annswer about onic levels in

particular ofcated betweeded to extee at least up verters are “afuld be a resue capacitive i

ble disturbingPV inverters.

ificant lack othe possible

ality in their tent monitorinfy the impactUntil now, m

V capacity in tsider their im

ed increase ofrecommended

o you apply emiss

al Conference

es are relateds indicated tfore and after se of complaiuous monitorand the utilithe impact of r networks. Sohe impact of

e urgent needthis.

do not have nd therefore tthe increase the network.

f small-sized en 15 kHz

end the usuto 50 kHz. O

ffecting the ripult of additioinput impeda

g impact of

of informationimpact of

networks. Mng programs t on the differ

most utilities hthe networks

mpact as a ma

f PV installatid that the utili

sions limits for P

e on Electricity

d to that the

ints. ring ities f PV ome PV

d to

the they

or As PV and ally One pple onal ance

the

n at PV

Most and rent

have and ajor

ions ities

putimpin prepres

RecouinstrierecinsSpint

AC

ThdifRö(SEKoRib

RE

[1

[2

[3

[4

[5

V installations?”

y Distribution

t more attentipact of PV inparticular incl

ported interfestricting the em

esponses haveuntries from stalled PV caed perseverinceived from cstalled capacitain and Francerpreting the o

CKNOWLE

he working gfferent countönnberg (SE),E), Z. Emin (Goo (GB), J. Mbeiro (NL), N

EFERENCE

] Renewable3-9818107

2] TB 672 -- P(Technical cigre.org, 2

3] Smith, J.; RBollen, M.Quality aspJWG C4/CElectricity

4] Solar PoweSolar Powewww.solar

5] InternationGlobal PV In: http://w

ion on monitonstallations onlude the frequerences are mission limits

e been receivethe top 10

apacity. Even ngly, only fecountries withty. This refersce. This fact outcome of th

EDGMENT

group consistetries: J. Sm, Secretary, AGB), SC C4 C

Meyer (DE), N. Wilmot (AU

ES

es Global Statu-0-7. In: wwwPower qualityBrochure), JW

2016. Rönnberg, S.; ; Mushamalirwpect of solar p

C6.29. 24th Intedistribution, G

er Europe. Gloer 2015 – 201rpowereurope.nal Energy Ag

Markets. Repwww.iea-pvps.

Glasgow, 12-

oring and undn power qualituency range ab

low, no urgs for PV instal

ed by only 6ranking list though the w

ew or no reh the major cs e.g. to Chinshould be co

he survey.

ed of 11 memith (US), A. Blanco (DChairman, D. D. Mushama

U).

us Report, 20w.ren21.net

y aspects of soWG C4/C6.29

Meyer, J.; Blwa, D.; Koo, K

power – Resulernational ConGlasgow, Juneobal Market O9. In: .org

gency. 2014 Snport IEA PVPS.org/

-15 June 2017

Paper 0456

5

derstanding thty. This shoulbove 2 kHz. Agent need follations is seen

out of the 1of cumulativ

working grouesponses wercumulative PV

na, Japan, Italyonsidered whe

embers from Convenor, S

DE), M. BolleIlisiu (RO), L

alirwa (FR), P

16, ISBN 978

olar power 9, www.e-

anco, A.M.; K.Lin:. Powerlts from CIGRnference on e 2017.

Outlook for

napshot of S T1-26:2015

7

6

5/5

he ld

As or n.

10 ve up re V y, en

8 S. en L. P.

-

r RE

5.