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CHNG 2 CC CNG C M T H TH NG THNG TIN K TON
1
MC TIU CA CHNG
ngha ca vic m t h thng bng cc cng c nng c v hiu h thng khi c m t bng
Kh
s dng d liu Kh
nng c v hiu h thng khi c m t bng
lu chng t, lu h thng Kh Kh
nng m t h thng bng s dng d liu nng m t h thng bng lu chng t, lu2
h thng
TNH HU NG: QU TRNH THU TI N BN CH U
KH tr tin cho NVBH km theo thng bo tr n ca cty. NVBH nhn tin, lp phiu thu 2 lin v ghi s tin thanh ton, s phiu thu vo thng bo tr tin km theo. NVBH chuyn phiu thu v tin cho th qu, chuyn thng bo tr tin cho k ton Pthu. Th qu nhn tin, kim tra s tin trn phiu thu v ng du xc nhn. Sau chuyn 1 phiu thu cho k ton Pthu, phiu cn li dng ghi vo s qu v lu theo s th t K ton Pthu nhn giy bo tr n do NVBH chuyn n. Lu li theo h s khch hng. Sau khi nhn phiu thu t th qu, k ton kim tra, i chiu vi giy bo tr n, sau nhp vo chng trnh qun l phi thu. Phn mm kim tra m khch hng, s ha n cn cha tr. Nu ng, phn mm s cho php ghi nhn nghip v thanh ton lm gim n phi thu ca khch hng theo tng ha n. nh k, phn mm s in bng tng hp thanh ton v chuyn cho k ton tng hp. nh k, th qu lp giy np tin cho ngn hng, sau chuyn tin 3 cho ngn hng.
V N T RA Nhng Cc
ai tham gia vo qu trnh trn?
chng t lun chuyn nh th no? mm x l ra sao? gi kim sot ca qu trnh x l trn
Phn nh .
4
I. S DNG D LI U (DATA FLOW DIAGRAM DFD) I.1. KHI Ni M
DFD m t bng hnh nh cc thnh phn; cc dng lu chuyn d liu gia cc thnh phn, im khi u, im n v ni lu tr d liu ca mt h thng thng tin
DFD c nhiu cp
DFD khi qut (cp 0) DFD cp 1 DFD cp 25
I. S DNG D LIUI.2. CC K Hi U C
4 k hiu biu din
Hot ng x l
Dng d liu
i tng bn ngoi h thng (im u, kt thc)
Lu tr d liu6
I. S DNG D LI U
I.3. PHN C P DFD Cc
qu trnh x l ca DFD (hnh trn) s c
chi tit ha thnh nhiu cp Qu
trnh x l cp chi ti t c nh s theo cp
cao hn (1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ) Dng
d liu vo v ra cc cp chi tit khi tng hp
li s trng vi cp cao hn Phn
cp DFD s thy c cc hot ng x l chi7
tit bn trong ca h thng
I. S DNG D LI UI.3. Phn c p DFDim u im u A 1.0 H thng D B im cui 3.0 B C 2.0 Lu tr
A
C p 0
im cui8
C p 1
I. S DNG D LI UI.3 Phn c p DFDLu tr A 1.1 G F 1.4 C D B H 1.3 3.2 I E 1.2 D 3.1 J 3.1.2 D 3.1.1 I
H
C p 2
C p 3
9
I.3.1 DFD C P 0 (KHI QUT)
L s cp cao nht m t 1 cch khi qut ni dung ca h thng bi 1 hnh trn, biu din dng d liu i vo (inflow) v i ra (outflow) gia h thng v cc i t ng bn ngoi h th ng .
i t ng: Ngi hoc vt (my tnh) thc hin hoc iu khin cc hot ng
i t ng bn ngoi h th ng: ch cho hoc nhn d liu ca h thng (ko x l d liu) C vai tr l cc im u, im cui ca h thng10
I.3.1 DFD C P 0 (KHI QUT)Np tin NH Ngn hng
Khch hng
Thanh ton
H thng thu tin bn chu Tng hp thanh ton
DFD H
khi qut cho bit
K ton tng hp
thng ny l g ? D liu bt u t u v kt thc u ?
11
I.3.2 DFD C P 1 Biu
din h thng bng hnh v cc hot ng
x l, dng d liu i vo, i ra cc hot ng x l . Cho
chng ta bit d liu c x l qua cc qu
trnh nh th no m khng quan tm n do ai lm, di hnh thc g v u Ch
trng n cc chc nng m h thng thc12
hin
I.3.2 DFD C P 1Khch hngTin, giy i n Giy i n xc nhn
Nhn thanh ton 1.0S qu Chuyn tin v Phiu thu Phiu thu xc nhn
Lp giy chuyn ngn hng 3.0
Ghi nhn thanh ton 4.0
Chuyn tin
Chuyn phiu thu xc nhn
K ton tng hp
i chiu vi tin thc nhn 2.0
Ngn hng13
I.4 CCH V S DNG D LI UI.4.1 V S DNG D LI U C P 0 B c
1: M t h thng hin hnh bng cc on vn m t B c 2: Lp bng i tng v cc hot ng lin quan n cc i tng i t ng Khch hng Nhn vin BH Nhn vin BH Th qu Ho t ng Tr tin v giy i tin Lp phiu thu Ghi s tin, s ha n, s phiu thu vo giy i tin .. Mang tin np ngn hng14
I.4.1 V S DNG D LI U C P 0
B c 3: nh du cc ho t ng x l d li u trong cc hot ng trong bng m t bc 2
Hot ng x l d liu bao gm: truy xut, chuyn ha, lu tr d liu. Cc hot ng nhp liu, sp xp, xc nhn, tnh ton, tng hp
Cc hot ng chuyn v nhn d liu gia cc i tng khng ph i l hot x l d liu
Cc hot ng chc nng: nhp xut, bn hng, mua hng khng ph i l hot ng x l d liu15
I.4.1 V S DNG D LI U C P 0
B c 4: Nhn din cc i tng bn ngoi h thng L
cc i tng khng thc hin cc hot ng x l d
liu no trong h thng
B c 5: V V
cc hnh ch nht biu din cc i tng bn ngoi 1 vng trn biu din ni dung chnh trong hot ng x
l ca h thng hin hnh. V
cc dng d liu ni vng trn v cc i tng bn16
ngoi h thng t
tn cho cc dng d liu theo cc ng t ch hnh
I.4.2 V S DNG D LI U C P 1
B c 6: lit k cc hot ng x l d liu theo trnh t din ra cc hot ng .
B c 7: Nhm cc hot ng x l d liu trn theo cc cch sau: Nhm Nhm
cc hot ng xy ra cng 1 ni v cng thi im cc hot ng xy ra cng thi im nhng khc ni
xy ra
cho DFD d c, ch nn s dng t 5 n 7 hnh trn trong mi s , mi cp
B c 8: V hnh trn v t tn chung cho mi nhm hot ng 17 theo 1 ng t nu bt ni dung chnh cc hot ng trong nhm
I.4.2 V S DNG D LI U C P 1
B c 9: c li bng m t h thng v ni cc hnh trn vi nhau theo mi lin h hp l
B c 10: B sung cc ni lu tr d liu nu thy hp l
Phn cp DFD
B c 11:
Tip tc nhm nh cc hot trong mi nhm bc 7 Mi nhm nh trong 1 nhm ln l cc hnh trn x l cp con cho hnh trn ln.18
Thc hin cc bc 8,9,10
V d: v s dng d liu Sau khi nhn c n t hng ca khch hng. H thng bn hng bao gm kim tra hng tn kho, lp lnh bn hng (kim tra gii hn bn chu khch hng, lp lnh bn hng), xut kho hng, lp ha n bn hng cho KH v chuyn ha n
19
II. L U (FLOWCHART)
Lu m t h thng bng hnh v cc qu trnh x l d liu (cc hot ng, u vo, u ra, lu tr)
ng thi, lu m t cc hot ng chc nng nh bn, mua, nhp xut(ngi thc hin, cc hot ng, trnh t lun chuyn chng t).
Lu cn c s dng trong phn tch tnh kim sot ca h thng20
Khc vi DFD, lu m t ng thi c kha cnh
II.1 L U CH NG T - L U H TH NG
L u ch ng t : m t trnh t lun chuyn ca chng t, s lin chng t, ngi lp, ngi nhn, ni lu tr, tnh cht lu trtrong cc ho t ng ch c nng (bn, mua, nhp xut)
L u h th ng: m t trnh t x l d liu, cch thc x l, cch thc lu tr trong ho t ng x l c a my tnh
Kt hp lu chng t v lu h thng trong m t h thng s thy c cc hot ng hu hnh v v hnh trong h thng.21
II.2 L U CH NG T (DOCUMENT FLOWCHART)K ton tin KH Lp phiu thu Phiu thu A Phiu thuN
Th quA
Phiu thu Ghi nht k NK Thu tin
Phiu thuXc nhn ghi s
S qu K ton cng n22
Phiu thu KH
Qu trnh thu tin
LU H THNG (SYSTEMFLOWCHART)Nh p n t hng c a khch hng n t hng
Nhp vo PM Tp tin HTKho Cp nht n hng
Hin th khi nhp
Tp tin KHTp tin n hng
n t hng x l
N
III. CC CNG C K THU TBt u, kt thc Cng vic x l th cng
Chng t bo coD liu c a vo h thng hay thng tin kt qu ca x l
Chng t bo co c nhiu lin Lu tr th cng chng t , ti liu im ni n lu khc, hn thng ng lun chuyn24
im ni trn cng mt lu
III. CC CNG C K THU TNhp th cng d liu vo h thng Th tc , hm, CT con c vit sn Cnng vic x l bi my tnh
D liu lu tr v mt lun l (file) D liu lu tr v mt lun l (file)
Thit b kt xut thng tin nh mn hnh, bng in
25 Quyt nh
III.1. K HI U C A L U K
hiu u voHa Ha n BH BH
Phiu thu Phiu thu
Chng t u vo (hoc chng t, bo co u ra) bng giy Nhp chng t vo my tnh (nhp bng tay) a d liu vo h thng bng th lu tr26
Nhp liu
Th lu tr
III.1. K HI U C A L U K
hiu x lX l bng my tnh
Tnh gi HTK Lp phiu thu K
X l th cng
hiu u raBo co BH S, bo co Hin th trn mn hnh27
D liu u vo/ra
III.1. K HI U C A L U K
hiu lu tr
Lu tr trong my tnh Lu tr th cng N: Lu tr theo s th t A: Lu tr theo Alphabet D: Lu tr theo ngy K
Tp tin hng tn kho
Lu tr
N
hiu kt niA 228
Bt u
im ni trong cng im ni sang trang Bt u/kt thc 1 trang (A, B, C) sau (S trang: 1,2,3)
III.3. CC QUY C KHI C & V L U
Mi k hiu x l phi ni vi k hiu u vo ca x l v k hiu th hin kt qu ca x l
Lu phi c trnh by qu trnh x l hoc lun chuyn d liu t trn xu ng d i , t tri qua ph i ca trang giy.
Trng hp khng th trnh by lu theo chiu thng thng qui nh th cn phi s dng mi tn m t hng lun chuyn lu mt cch r rng29
B c 1: Xc nh cc i tng bn trong v bn ngoi ca h thng (xem li phn DFD)
III.4 V L U
B c 2: Chia lu thnh cc ct Mi Cc
i tng bn trong l mt ct trn lu ct c sp xp sao cho dng lu chuyn ca cc hot
ng t tri sang phi
B c 3: Xc nh cc thnh phn ca tng ct c Sp
li bng m t ln lt tng hot ng xp cc thnh phn ca lu theo hng di chuyn30
thng tin t trn xung di
Nguyn tc Sandwich: Bt k k hiu x l no u b kp gia 2 k hiu u vo v u ra.
III.4 V L U
B c 4: Hon thnh lu : Ni S
cc k hiu thnh phn bng cc dng thng tin dng cc du ni khi dng thng tin chuyn qua ct
khc trnh v nhiu cc ng k ngang/dc Cc
hot ng x l lin tip nhau c th gp chung thnh
1 hot ng x l (nu cn) Cc
chng t khng th l im bt u v im kt thc duy nht c ly d liu hoc lu tr d liu trong
Cch
thit b my tnh l thng qua hot ng x l my (hnh31 ch nht)
III.5. NGHA
M t h th ng b ng DFD s gip: Nhn
bit c cc hot ng x l v trnh t ca
chng trong hot ng ca h thng Phc
tho h thng mi, cn thit lp mc nim
(cc hot ng x l d kin)
M t h th ng b ng l u s gip: Nhn
bit v phn tch c cc hot ng chc nng
v x l theo cc i tng, b phn lin quan nh
gi tnh kim sot ca cc qu trnh kinh doanh
32
III.6. S KHC NHAU GI A L U V S DNG D LI U Lu Nhn mnh khi cnh vt l ca d liu lun chuyn cng nh x l Trnh by ngi tham gia trong qu trnh lun chuyn v x l d liu c dng nhiu hn khi m t h thng hin hnh S dng nhiu k hiu hn S dng d liu Nhn mnh s lun chuyn logic ca d liu Khng trnh by phng tin lu tr, x l, lun chuyn d liu Thng khng trnh by ngi tham gia trong h thng c dng nhiu hn khi thit k h thng mi S dng t k hiu hn 33
V D
Cng ty abc s dng h thng th cng x l n t hng ca khch hng. Lnh bn hng(3 lin) c lp bi b phn bn hng v chuyn sang phng k tan. Ti phng k ton, ha n(3 lin) v phiu xut kho(4 lin) c lp th cng trn c s ln bn hng. Mt lin ca lnh bn hng, ha n v phiu xut kho c chuyn sang b phn bn hng. Mt lin ca lnh bn hng c nh km vi 2 lin ca phiu xut kho v sau c chuyn n b phn giao hng. Mt lin ca ha n c giao cho khch hng. Cc chng t cn li c nh km vi nhau v lu ti phng k ton theo s n t hng34
Yu c u : V lu chng t cho cc th tc trn
V N T RANhng ai tham gia vo qu trnh trn? + Bn trong h thng B phn bn hng Phng k ton + Bn ngoi h thng Khch hng B phn giao hng Cc chng t lun chuyn nh th no? n t hng (1 lin) Lnh bn hng (3 lin) Ha n (3 lin) Phiu xut kho (4 lin)
35
BI GI I : V L U B phn bn hng k.hn gH 3 L nh BH 3 PXK 4 2 3
B phn k tanLp ha n , PXK
L nh bn 1 hng
Lp lnh bn hng
2
Ha n1
A Ak.hn g
n b ph n giao hng36
BI T P
Cng ty sn xut ABC c nhiu phn xng. Phn xng lp cc phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu(4 lin) v chuyn sang b phn qun l phn xng ph duyt. Sau khi c ph duyt, cc phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu c chuyn n b phn kho. Ti kho, cc phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu c k bi th kho. Nhn vin ny gi lin th 1 ca phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu cng vi nguyn vt liu n cc phn xng. Lin th 2 ca phiu yu cu nguyn vt liu c chuyn n qun l phn xng. Lin th 4 c chuyn n b phn k tan chi ph. Lin th 3 c s dng ghi nhn lng nguyn vt liu xut dng vo cc th kho, sau chng c lu li ti kho theo s th t 37 Yu c u : V lu chng t cho cc th tc trn
BI GI I : V L U Phn x ng s n xu tL p phi u yu c u NVL
Qu n l phn x ngDuy t phi u yu c u NVL
KhoK phi u yu c u NVL, xu t NVL,ghi th kho
Th kho Th kho4
Phiu yu cu nguyn liu
1
2
3
4 1 Phiu yu cu nguyn liu duyt 2 3
4 Phi u yu 1 c u NVL duy t + k 2
Phiu yu 3 cu NVL duyt+k
KTCP
N Phiu yu cu 1 NVL duyt+k
N
Xu t NVL cho s n xu t s n ph m
38
S DNG D LI U(DFD) H TH NG NG D NG L P L NH BN HNG M C 0
Khch hng
X l yu cu mua
39
Khch hng
H
Ghi nhn, lp LBH
Ghi s ci
Tng s
Lnh bn hng Hi bo Lnh bn hng Lnh bn hngS DNG D LIU(DFD) H THNG NG DNG LP LNH BN HNG MC 1
S ci tng hp S tng hp Lnh bn hng
S chi tit
Chi tit khchhng
Xt duyt
Lnh bn
Ghi nht k
S chi tit
40