Chun-Yuan Lin

Introduction to Computer Graphics

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In this course

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Edward Angel, 

"Interactive Computer Graphics: A Top-down approach using OpenGL," 

Fifth Edition, Addison Wesley, ISBN10:0-321-54943-0.

Donald Hearn, M. Pauline  Baker, 

"Computer Graphics with OpenGL," 

Third Edition, Prentice Hall, ISBN10:0-13-120238-3.

Alan Watt,

“3D Computer Graphics,”

Third Edition, Addison Wesley, ISBN10: 0-201-39855-9.

Interactive Computer Graphics: A Top-down approach using OpenGL

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This book is an introduction to computer graphics, which an emphasis on applications programming.

Feature-length computer-animated movies have proved to be commercial and artistic successes.

Recent hardware has blurred the distinction between computers and game boxes. Programmable graphics processors provides a level of flexibility in commodity systems that was not available in even the most expensive workstations just a few years ago.

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Within the last few years, the cost of a graphics systems that can generate over 100 million three-dimensional polygons per second with lighting and texture mapping has gone from over $100,000 to less than $1000.

The availability of commodity graphics boards for personal computers has been especially significant.

OpenGL remains the standard programmer’s interface both for writing application programs and developing high-level products for multiplatform applications.

Top down approach

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Top-down, programming-oriented approach to introductory computer graphics.

Three approaches.The algorithmic approachThe survey approachThe programming approach.

Programming with OpenGL and C (1)

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The greatest impediment to implementing a programming-orient course was the lack of a widely accepted graphics library or application programmer’s interface (API).

OpenGL is supported on all platforms now. (Windows, Apple Macintosh, Linux, …) (Computer Graphics: Principles & Practice in C 2/e, ISBN: 978-020-184-840-3)

This book is a textbook on computer graphics; it is not an OpenGL manual. (Another book- OpenGL: A Primer, Third Edition, 2008)

Programming with OpenGL and C (2)

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In this book, I use both C and C++, with C as the dominant language. (OpenGL is not object-oriented)

Intended Audience

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Prerequisites for the book are good programming skills in C or C++.

Understanding basic data structures (linked list, trees, array) and rudimentary knowledge of linear algebra and trigonometry.

Organization of this book (1)

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Chapter 1 provides an overview of the field and introduces image formation by optical devices.

Chapter 2 introduces programming using OpenGL.

Chapter 3, we discuss interactive graphics in a modern client-server setting and develop even-driven graphics programs.

Chapters 4 and 5 concentrate on three-dimensional objects.Chapter 4 for defining and manipulating three-

dimensional objectsChapter 5 for viewing them.

Organization of this book (2)

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Chapter 6 introduces light-material interactions and shading.

About 10 weeks.

Appendix A: Programs for chapter 1~6.Appendices B and C contain a review of the

background mathematics.Appendix D: a synopsis of the OpenGL functions

used in this book.

Support Materials

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www.cs.unm.edu/~angel or www.aw.com/cssupport

www.opengl.org

Computer Graphics with OpenGL

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Today’s computer graphics research is concerned with improving the effectiveness realism and speed of picture generation.

To produce a realistic veiw of a natural scene, a graphics program must simulate the effects of actual light reflection and refraction from physical objects. (easy or complex)

Features

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We separated the discussions of two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics techniques.

A major features of this book is the integration of three-dimensional and two-dimensional topics.

Many techniques discussed in this book, including parallel implementations for graphics algorithm.

Programming

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More than twenty complete C++ programs are provides in this book by using OpenGL packages.

Required Background

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Computer programming and data structures.

Mathematical methods for computer graphics algorithms.

Course outline

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Chapter 1 illustrates the diversity of computer graphics applications by taking a look at the many different kinds of pictures that people have generated with graphics software.

Chapter 2 presents the basic vocabulary of computer graphics and an introduction to the hardware and software components of graphics systems. (details of OpenGL)

Chapter 5 and Appendix A: geometric transformation and mathematics for computer graphics.

3D Computer Graphics

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Graphic Processing Units

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CG

The ChallengeRender infinitely complex scenesAnd extremely high resolutionIn 1/60th of one second

Luxo Jr. 1985 took 2-3 hours per frame to render on a Cray-1 supercomputer

Today we can easily render that in 1/30th of one secondOver 300,000x fasterStill not even close to where we need to be… but look how far

we’ve come!

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PC/DirectX Shader Model Timeline

Quake 3 Giants Halo Far Cry UE3Half-Life

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

DirectX 6Multitexturing

Riva TNT

DirectX 8SM 1.x

GeForce 3 Cg

DirectX 9SM 2.0

GeForceFX

DirectX 9.0cSM 3.0

GeForce 6DirectX 5Riva 128

DirectX 7T&L TextureStageState

GeForce 256

22 CG 112/04/21112/04/21

CG

A quiet revolution and potential build-up Calculation: 367 GFLOPS vs. 32 GFLOPS Memory Bandwidth: 86.4 GB/s vs. 8.4 GB/s Until last year, programmed through graphics

API

GPU in every PC and workstation – massive volume and potential impact

GF

LOP

S

G80 = GeForce 8800 GTX

G71 = GeForce 7900 GTX

G70 = GeForce 7800 GTX

NV40 = GeForce 6800 Ultra

NV35 = GeForce FX 5950 Ultra

NV30 = GeForce FX 5800

23© David Kirk/NVIDIA and Wen-mei W.

Hwu, 2007ECE 498AL1, University of Illinois, Urbana-

Champaign112/04/21112/04/21

CG

16 highly threaded SM’s, >128 FPU’s, 367 GFLOPS, 768 MB DRAM, 86.4 GB/S Mem BW,

4GB/S BW to CPU

Load/store

Global Memory

Thread Execution Manager

Input Assembler

Host

Texture Texture Texture Texture Texture Texture Texture TextureTexture

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Parallel DataCache

Load/store Load/store Load/store Load/store Load/store

GeForce 8800

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CG

GPU NVIDIA GPU Computing Architecture

Via a separate HW interface In laptops, desktops, workstations, servers

8-series GPUs deliver 50 to 200 GFLOPSon compiled parallel C applications

Programmable in C with CUDA tools Multithreaded SPMD model uses

application data parallelism and thread parallelism

Tesla C870

Tesla S870

Tesla D870

© David Kirk/NVIDIA and Wen-mei W. Hwu, 2007ECE 498AL1, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

25

TESLA S1070 (1)NVIDIA® Tesla™ S1070 運算系統 ( 雙 PCI Express 2.0 連結 ) 採用全球首 款 1 teraflop 處理器，是一台具備 4 teraflop

浮點運算能力的 1U 系統。

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