Christians and Muslims: Praying together? Reflections and Texts- Study Paper (April 2003)

7/31/2019 Christians and Muslims: Praying together? Reflections and Texts- Study Paper (April 2003)

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trjxlr o| njsl k fljsl h |t k Akb k bl`hbl jok| nl rhan qjx kc trjxhga' Ckr nhp rljpkg@nrhphjgp `jggk mkhg hg j E|pfhe fh|rah`jf trjxlr . pjfj (& o| `jg jlgb rlptl`c|ffx p|`n

E|pfhe trjxlr'

Hg j phehfjr qjx& jg krhlgjhkg okkifl trkb|`lb ox nl Lsjgalfh`jf @n|r`n hg Alrejgx jpipqnlnlr j mkhg trjxlr hp tkpphofl ahslg bhcclrlg qjx kc nhgihga jok| Akb<' Rnl tlr`lthkgpkc Akb |gblghjofx jrl bhcclrlg' Nkqlslr& ql `jggk ckr`l nl Pthrh kc Akb k `kgckre kk|r nlkfkah`jf nhgihga* Rnlrlckrl nl tkpphohfhx kc trjxhga kalnlr bklp gk bltlgb kgnlkrlh`jf jarllelg jok| j `keekg tlr`lthkg kc Akb' Akb‘p rljfhx aklp cjr olxkgb k|r n|ejg |gblrpjgbhga' Trjxlr qhn nl knlr % qhnk| afkpphga kslr rljf bhcclrlg`lp % ejxalglrjl glq hgphanp' Kg nl knlr njgb& nl Pthrh kc Akb ohgbp |p k Akb‘p Qkrb' Ol`j|plkc nhp& trjxlr e|p gk ol hgpr|elgjf& rl`r|hlb ckr qkrfbfx t|rtkplp' Hg nl lgb& h hp k nl

arj`l jgb elr`x kc Akb nj @nrhphjg jgb E|pfhe jbbrlpp nlhr trjxlrp' Pk ql r|p hg Nhenj Nl `jg orhga kalnlr @nrhphjgp jgb E|pfhep hc nlx trjx hg bllt `kg`lrg jgb arljarjh|bl'

Rnl Okpl Ellhga kc Qkrfb @k|g`hf kc @n|r`nlp jgb Tkghch`jf @k|g`hf ckr Hglrrlfhahk|pBhjfka|l .:881( hg nl Chgjf Bk`|elg fkkilb j nl nlkfkah`jf nkrh}kgp kc trjxlr' Hg

0 Fjgblpihr`nlgrj blr Lsjgalfhp`n%F|nlrhp`nlg Ihr`nl hg Ojxlrg& E|fhrlfhahóplp Ollg' Krhlghlr|gapnhfcl cör bhl Alelhgbl& E|gh`n :88?2 Lsjgalfhp`nl Ihr`nl he _nlhgfjgb& @nrhplg |gb E|pfhel glolglhgjgblr skr ble lhglg Ak' ]|r Crjalalelhgpjelg Ollgp& Böpplfbkrc :88><

_j blr Lsjgalfhp`nlg Ihr`nl hg Bl|p`nfjgb& ]|pjeelgflolg eh E|pfhelg hg Bl|p`nfjgb' Alpjf|ga blr `nrhpfh`nlg Olalag|ga eh E|pfhelg& Aölrpfkn ?444& t' 20cc'



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rlcfl`hga nl |ghslrpjf tnlgkelgkg kc trjxlr h qjp pjlb .|phga nl l~trlpphkghglrrlfhahk|p hg j bhcclrlg qjx(= ‗Ql pll hglrrlfhahk|p trjxlr jp j pnjrhga hg nl ¹arkjghgakc nl qnkfl `rljhkg©& fkgahga ckr nl c|ffglpp kc pjfsjhkg jgb fholrjhkg& tjrjihga hg nlarkjghga kc nl Pthrh©& nl Pthrh qnk p|pjhgp |p hg k|r qljiglpp phg`l ql bk gk igkq nkqk trjx'

Hglrrlfhahk|p trjxlr hp jg l~trlpphkg kc nl `kehga kalnlr kc jff nl ¹p`jlrlb `nhfbrlg kc Akb©' H hp j pnjrhga hg nl `keekg mk|rglx kqjrbp nl c|fchfelg kc nl Ihgabke kc Akb' '''Trjxlr kalnlr hp jg hgshjhkg k crhlgbpnht& k pnjrl nl rljfhx kc j fkshga Akb qnk hp k|r @rljkr& _lbllelr jgb P|pjhglr' H hp jg hgshjhkg k lglr hgk nl explrx kc Akb qnh`n hp

olxkgb n|ejg hglffl`|jf arjpt jgb |gblrpjgbhga'‖ 3

P|`n l~tlrhelgjhkg qhn jgb blslfktelg kc `keekg rh|jfp njp ollg j rlptkgpl k k|r pnjrlb fhcl rjnlr njg jgx jrhch`hjf rlfhahk|p l~lr`hpl' Kgl njp k oljr hg ehgb nj rh|jfp`jrrx j rjgal kc eljghga& sjrxhga hg phaghch`jg`l crke rjbhhkgjf `lrlekgx k pj`rjelg'@fljrfx& pj`rjelgp ̀ jggk ol pnjrlb qhn E|pfhep'

Crke jg l~lrgjf tlrptl`hsl& lptl`hjffx hg j pl`|fjrhplb pk`hlx& rlfhahkg jgb hp trj`h`lp jrlahslg j ehgkr rkfl& qnlrljp qhnhg nl `kgl~ kc rlfhahk|p `kgsh`hkg rh|jfp `jggk olglafl`lb' Hg ekp qlplrg L|rktljg `k|grhlp rlfhahkg gk fkgalr njp j r|fhga c|g`hkg o| jplrshga kgl' Mlp|p jp j plrsjg hp nl l~jetfl nkq k olnjsl hg p|`n `hr`|epjg`lp' Nllg`k|glrlb plslrjf gkg%Mlqhpn tlktfl jgb& cjr crke rlml`hga nle& nlftlb nle' Rnhp e|p

ol k|r ekblf ckr nkq k olnjsl kbjx'

Jg Krnkbk~ Shlq

Rnl Krnkbk~ @n|r`n‘p nlkfkax hp tlreljlb qhn nl `kgsh`hkg nj nl Nkfx Pthrh qkriphg qjxp rjgp`lgbhga n|ejg nk|an jgb hejahgjhkg jgb& nlrlckrl& `jggk ol `kgchglbqhnhg jgx nlkfkah`jf pxple& gkr blp`rholb qhn jgx chgjfhx gkr jgh`htjlb hg trlbh`joflqjxp' Lslrxnhga lggkofhga jgb lpplghjffx akkb hp nl lccl` kc nl j`hkg kc nl Nkfx Pthrh&qnkpl cr|h ‐ ‖fksl& mkx& tlj`l& tjhlg`l& ihgbglpp& akkbglpp& cjhnc|fglpp& algflglpp jgbplfc%`kgrkf― .Ajfjhjgp <&??( % hp lpplghjf k jgx njrekghk|p l~hplg`l' Crke nhp jpp|rjg`lkc P Tj|f ql ejx `kg`f|bl nj qnlrlslr nhp cr|h hp ck|gb nlrl ql ejx bhp`lrg nl j`hkgkc nl Nkfx Pthrh' Jgb& j chrp afjg`l& p|`n cr|h `jg ol ck|gb hg nl fhcl kc ejgx E|pfhep'

Nkqlslr& lslg kbjx& @nrhphjg jgb E|pfhe hgnjohjgp kc nl rjbhhkgjffx Krnkbk~ rlahkgp

kc L|rktl bk gk njsl nl kttkr|ghx kc `keekg trjxlr' Rnhp hp b|l k nrll cj`krp=:' Nhpkrh`jf `kgl~= Krnkbk~ gjhkgp jgb E|pfhep njb ckr `lg|rhlp nl ehpckr|glk `kl~hp jp `kgz|lrkr jgb `kgz|lrlb' Hg Pk|nljplrg L|rktl nl cjhnc|f kc oknrlfhahkgp fhslb kalnlr& igkqhga nl fhehp kc nlhr tkpphofl hglrj`hkg' Rnhp nhpkrhèlekrx `kghg|lp k pnjtl rlfjhkgp kbjx' Rnlrl hp& kc `k|rpl& e||jf rlptl`& o|nlrl hp jfpk j blchghl bhpjg`l k lgjofl rlfhahk|p kofhajhkgp k ol `jrrhlb k| jgbnhp bhpjg`l hp trlplrslb hg hglrtlrpkgjf `kgj`p' Ckr l~jetfl& eh~lb ejrrhjalp jrll~rlelfx rjrl jgb hc nlx lslr k``|r& nl qlbbhga `lrlekgx hp j `hshf kgl& qnhflptk|plp bl`hbl jok| nl |torhgahga kc nl `nhfbrlg' _lfhahk|p fljblrp njsl l~`lfflg`kee|gh`jhkg olqllg nleplfslp jp bk nl fjhx' Hg rlfhahk|p cljpp ahcp olqllg

3

Tkghch`h|e @kgphfh|e trk Bhjfkak hglr _lfhahkglp& Hglrrlfhahk|p Trjxlr& Trk Bhjfkak # @|rrlg Bhjfka|l&O|fflhg 8>& :88>+?& t' ?01%?209 nlrl= t' ?24'



8

@nrhphjgp jgb E|pfhep jrl `keekg9 hg jbbhhkg& E|pfhep qj`n .jgb hg j qjx tjrh`htjl j( Ljplr clphshhlp jgb @nrhphjgp j _jejbjg' Xl fhehp jrl glslr rjgparlpplb& jgb nhp ‖tjrh`htjhkg― hp bkgl pkflfx ckr pk`hjf rljpkgp& phg`l tlktfljrl qlff jqjrl kc nl bhcclrlg`lp kc cjhn jgb nl jttrkj`n k pjfsjhkg'?' Rnlrl hp gk rlflsjg bl`hphkg kc j Tjg%krnkbk~ J|nkrhx k jffkq `keekg

trjxlr qhn E|pfhep'0' Rnlkfkah`jf rljpkgp nj jrl c|ffx |gblrpkkb jgb j``ltlb ox nl sjp ejmkrhx kc nl eleolrp kc nl Krnkbk~ @n|r`n njsl ilt jgb `kghg|l k illt @nrhphjgp jgbE|pfhep jtjr' Hpfjeh` bhpjskqjfp kc nl Hg`jrgjhkg kc nl Qkrb kc Akb jgb nl cjhnhg nl Nkfx Rrhghx ejil j pnjrlb jttrkj`n hg trjxlr bhcch`|f'

Rnlpl rljpkgp jrl qlff igkqg jgb rlp|f hg j rlplrsl kg okn phblp' Lslrx l~`lthkg elrlfxslrhchlp nl trlshk|p r|flp'

Glslrnlflpp& rlpljr`nlrp jgb @n|r`n p`nkfjrp `fjhe nj pkel `keekg ekelgp kc trjxlr ejx ol tkpphofl hc nlx jrl pltjrjl crke nl crjelp kc qkrpnht& ahslg nl phehfjrhhlpl~hphga olqllg pkel trjxlrp crke Krnkbk~ plrsh`lp jgb pkel Hpfjeh` trjxlr l~p'

L~tlrhlg`lp jgb _lj`hkgp

J okbx kc l~tlrhlg`l qhn jgb rlptkgplp k `keekg trjxlrp jgb rh|jfp qhnhg L|rktl hplelrahga' Rnkpl qnk jlgb p|`n rh|jfp jgb trjxlrp ekpfx rlj` tkphhslfx' Glajhslrlj`hkgp |p|jffx njsl k jqjh nl t|ofh`jhkg kc p|`n lslgp' Hg nl @HOLBK tlrhkbh`jf jclr

t|ofh`jhkg kc j rltkr kc @nrhphjg%E|pfhe qlbbhga nl _kejg @jnkfh` @n|r`n j|nkrhhlphg Alrejgx koml`lb k nhp `lrlekgx rlclrrhga k nl `n|r`n fjqp' Hg Olrfhg nl Trklpjg@n|r`n jbehghprjhkg `rhh`hplb j tjpkr jclr glqptjtlrp rltkrlb kg j @nrhphjg%E|pfhe

qlbbhga `lrlekgx qnh`n hgskfslb jg Heje' Rnhp hp j glq jptl` kc nl trkofle kc eh~lbejrrhjalp'

Hg shphhga Ekpz|lp jgb @n|r`nlp lj`n ark|t kclg pnjrlp jptl`p kc nlhr rjbhhkgjttrktrhjl k nl k``jphkg qhn nl knlr' Nkqlslr& p|`n j`hshhlp `jg ol jeoha|k|p= hp nl`jff ckr trjxlr elrlfx hff|prjhsl kr j eljgp kc ehpphkg; Qnj jrl ql k ejil kc nlptkgjglk|p phgahga kc pthrh|jf E|pfhe pkgap hg j `n|r`n ox E|pfhep& kr @nrhphjg nxegpp|ga ox @nrhphjgp kg j ekpz|l shph; Hg nl ktlghga `lrlekgx kc j glq t|rtkpl%o|hfekpz|l j @n|r`n `nkhr qjp hgshlb k phga hg nl trkarjeel' Gk koml`hkg qjp nljrb hg nhp`jpl'

Plslrjf l~p njsl ollg t|ofhpnlb lptl`hjffx crke nl lsjgalfh`jf phbl `rhh`jf kc `keekg trjxlr hg alglrjf' Rnl Fj|pjggl ekslelg t|ofhpnlb j `rhh`jf `keelgjrx k nl Alrejg_nhglfjgb tjtlr kg `keekg trjxlr' Rnl koml`hkg qjp nj gk bhphg`hkg njb ollg brjqg

olqllg nl j` kc Akb hg `rljhkg jgb nhpkrx kg kgl phbl .`keekg k @nrhphjgp jgbE|pfhep jfhil( jgb hg pjfsjhkg kg nl knlr phbl .qnh`n hp ptl`hjf ckr @nrhphjgp(' RnlFj|pjggl ekslelg `keelglb nj ‗J``krbhga k nl Ohofl nl kgl Akb rlsljfhga nheplfc chgjffx hg Mlp|p @nrhp l~`f|blp bhcclrlg tlr`lthkgp kc Akb' E|pfhep qnk bk gk olfhlsl hgMlp|p @nrhp bk gk trjx hg j bhcclrlg qjx k nl kgl Akb& o| ehpp nl kgfx Akb jgb qkrpnhtj n|ejg tlr`lthkg kc Akb& trjx k j gkgl%Akb' Rnlrlckrl @nrhphjgp jgb E|pfhep `jgglhnlr trjx phbl ox phbl gkr kalnlr k nl kgl Akb& nl Cjnlr kc Mlp|p @nrhp'― Rnl

nlkfkah`jf |gblrpjgbhga kc Akb hp hg nhp `jpl nl `rhlrhkg ckr nl bl`hphkg qnlnlr j



:4

`keekg trjxlr kc E|pfhep hp tkpphofl kr gk' Hg jgknlr jrh`fl h hp pjhb ‗Rnl ¹`keekg© trjxlr k nl ¹pjel© Akb hp nl chrp plt hg nl bhrl`hkg kc pxg`rlhpe'―

Bhcch`|fhlp& Trkoflep& Bhp`|pphkgp

Rnlrl njsl ollg bhp`|pphkgp jok| jttrktrhjl tfj`lp ckr `keekg trjxlr= pnk|fb nlx jil tfj`l hg `n|r`nlp kr ekpz|lp kr hg gl|rjf tfj`lp& p|`n jp p`nkkfp& ktlg jhr phlp& nkpthjfp;Rnl fk`jf ph|jhkg |p|jffx bllrehglp fk`jhkg' H hp gk hetkpphofl k ell hg `n|r`nlp kr ekpz|lp& o| nhp njp k ol glakhjlb jgb jarllb |tkg hg jbsjg`l ox jff ark|tp'Knlr z|lphkgp kclg jpilb hg nhp chlfb jrl= njsl ql k l~`f|bl `kgclpphkgjf tjrp hg trjxlrpjgb hc pk& bklp gk nhp jek|g k olrjxhga k|r cjhn; Rnl jgpqlrp ahslg |p|jffx |ralplgphhshx& okfbglpp % bk gk rlprh` xk|r cjhn k l~trlpphkgp nj jrl j``ltjofl k xk|r

tjrglrp % jgb plli k rljpp|rl nj p|`n j`hkgp jrl gk jgjek|g k olrjxjf'Phg`l hglrrlfhahk|p trjxlr `jg glhnlr ol brjqg bhrl`fx crke ohofh`jf rjbhhkgp gkr crke@nrhphjg bkaejh` rjbhhkgp& qnlrl bklp nl hetlrjhsl `kel crke k lgajal hg h j jff;Rnl ckffkqhga cj`krp njsl k ol jilg hgk j``k|g=j( Rnl j`|jf ph|jhkg njp k ol pllg hg nl tlrptl`hsl kc rl`kg`hfhjhkg& gk jaarlpphkg'

o( Fksl kc glhanok|r jgb rlptl` e|p pnjtl @nrhphjg rlptkgplp'`( Akb‘p j`hkg k|phbl nl `n|r`n njp k ol jilg hgk j``k|g'b( Akb hp arljlr .Bl|p pletlr ejhkr('l( Rnl l`|elgh`jf r|fl njp k ol trj`hplb= bk kalnlr qhn knlrp qnjlslr xk| `jg& o| bkgk glafl` nl bhcclrlg`lp'1

Hg pllihga k bhp`lrg nl qjx jnljb nlrl jrl j fljp nrll `ketkglgp hg rlfjhkg k `keekg trjxlr= j phag kc rlptl`& jg l~trlpphkg kc `keekg `kg`lrg jgb jg ktlg jìgkqflbalelg kc bhcclrlg`lp'

Qnj k oljr hg Ehgb

Ckr jff @nrhphjg%E|pfhe lg`k|glr e||jf rlptl` hp gl`lppjrx' Jff nl ark|t& gk kgfx nlfljblrp& e|p njsl pkel ojph` igkqflbal kc nl rlfhahk|p trhg`htflp kc nl knlr tjrx' Rnhpigkqflbal e|p ol j``ketjghlb ox plgphhshx jgb kflrjg`l& qnh`n jffkqp bhcclrlg`kgsh`hkgp k `k%l~hp' Kslr jgb joksl p|`n jh|blp& ptl`hch` hgckrejhkg hp kclg gl`lppjrxl'a' nl gllb k rleksl pnklp kg lglrhga j ekpz|l l`'

Rk p|eejrhpl= hg tfjgghga `keekg trjxlr kr `keekg rh|jfp kgl njp k oljr hg ehgb=Plgphhsl trltjrjhkgp hgskfshga jff tjrh`htjg okbhlp'

Rnl m|rhbh`jf jptl` njp k ol jilg hgk j``k|g' Rnlrlckrl nl tjrh`htjhkg jgbjttrksjf kc nl jttrktrhjl @nrhphjg kr E|pfhe krajghpjhkg njp k ol pk|an'H hp nlftc|f k trkshbl `fljr pr|`|rlp'Rnl bhcclrlg jhep jgb kth`p kc j trjxlr ellhga pnk|fb ol bhp`|pplb olckrlnjgb'

P|oml`p `k|fb ol= rl`kg`hfhjhkg& kslr`kehga shkflg`l jgb rj`hpe& hglarjhkg kc ehgkrhhlp&pkfshga pk`hjf lgphkgp& l`kfkah`jf `rhphp jp shkfjhga Akb‘p akkb `rljhkg'

@nlì nl j``ltjohfhx kc ejlrhjf hg jbsjg`l pk jp k jskhb nl |gqhhga |pl kc kcclgphsl kr hgjttrktrhjl l~p& trjxlrp kr njgbk|p'

Ejil p|rl jff tjrhlp igkq jok| jgb jarll k jgx jbbhhkgjf lslgp p|`n jp okki l~tkphhkgp& ̀ kg`lrp l`'

1 P`nqlh}lrhp`nlr Lsjgalfhp`nlr Ihr`nlgo|gb& kt'`h'& t'0<



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Jbbhhkgp kc fk`jf @n|r`nlp

.ptj`l ckr l~ trltjrlb ox fk`jf `n|r`nlp(





:0

Krblr kc j @nrhphjg%E|pfhe `keekg trjxlr

.@fkphga ̀ lrlekgx kc jg hglrrlfhahk|p ellhga( Fhanhga kc `jgbflp j Z|rjg jgb Ohofl Ktlghga= _ljbhga kc Jf Cjhnj

Pkrx crke nl fhcl kc nl Trktnl Pkga jok| nl jttljrjg`l kc nl Trktnl > Trjxlr%tjrp ckr elbhjhkg Rnl K|r Cjnlr qhn E|pfhe `keelgjrhlp _h|jf kc pnjrhga orljb jgb bjlp .Olfhlslrp& @nrhphjgp jgb E|pfhep& ajnlrlb hg j `hr`fl tjpplb j fkjc kc orljb& orljihga j

thl`l kc h jgb trlplghga h k nl glhanok|r& jgb j tfjl kc bjlp' Rnlx pnjrlb nl ckkb jgbqhpnlb lj`n knlr ‗Tlj`l― ‗Jp%Pjfjje―( Olglbh`hkg Bhpehppjf `lrlekgx j nl lgb kc j p`nkkf xljr Qlf`kel ox Trklpjg Tjpkr jgb R|rihpn lj`nlr Pkga kc X|g|p Lerl .Hg tjrjbhpl jff rhslrp prlje pnk|hga Jffjn( Elbhjhkg qhn Tpjfe 8: .Prll th`|rl( @nrhphjg nxeg= H qhpn pkelkgl qlrl akhga qhn el Elbhjhkg qhn Ejn 3& 02 @nrhphjg nxeg= Fkrb& Xk| njsl `jfflb |p Plrekg @nrhphjg nxeg= Ql njsl pllg Akb‘p ckktrhgp

E|pfhe trjxlr .Jrjoh`( E|pfhe nxeg .R|rihpn( Fkrb‘p trjxlr Olglbh`hkg `( Trjxlrp

Trjxlr hg j qlbbhga fh|rax crke Trlpoxlrhjg ojìark|gb .Pk|r`l= Hglrcjhn Ejrrhjal&Trlpoxlrhjg @n|r`n& \PJ& jclr :884( Fl |p trjx' K Akb& qnkpl gjel hp fksl& ql trjx ckr jff qnk fksl= qnlg fksl bjqgp& qnlgfksl cfkqlrp& qnlg fksl ej|rlp& jgb jfpk qnlg h arkqp `kfb kr m|p kfb& jgb qnlg hbhpjttljrp' Ql trjx lptl`hjffx ckr lj`n k njsl nl arj`l= k j``lt nl knlr tlrpkg jp nl kr pnl hp& k jil gknhga ckr arjglb jgb jfqjxp k rlphp nl letjhkg kc ejght|fjhga jgbblgxhga nl knlr!p crllbke' Ql trjx nj nlx ejx ol pk bkehgjlb ox j plgpl kc `kg`lrgjgb rlptkgphohfhx ckr nkpl nlx fksl= nj nlx ejx ol n|r o| gk qhnbrjq& nj nlx ejxrltjx rlml`hkgp qhn j``ltjg`l qhnk| olhga kk shr|k|p jok| h& nj nlx ejx ahsl kc nleplfslp |g`kgbhhkgjffx jgb nj lgblrglpp ejx jfqjxp ol nl bkehgjg gkl hg nl e|ph`kc nlhr fksl' Jelg'



:2

@nhfbrlg‘p Trjxlrp

Trhîrl b| ejhg .Ekrghga trjxlr( Ekg Bhl|& ml l rlelr`hlb!jskhr ph ohlg bkreh' Ml !kccrl fl rísl z|l m!jh cjh' Ekg Bhl|& ml l rlelr`hl tk|r `ll mk|rgèl z|h `keelg`l' Ml l f!kccrl `keel |g ok|z|l bl cfl|rp' Ekg Bhl|& ml l rlelr`hl tk|r k|lp flp okgglp `nkplp bl ej shl' Jhbl%ekh ä flp tjrjalr' Ekg Bhl|& ml l rlelr`hl bl kg jek|r tk|r gk|p' Jttrlgbp%gk|p ä ehl|~ !jhelr' Trhîrl jsjg fl rltjp .Trjxlr olckrl eljfp( Plhagl|r& gk|p !kccrkgp `ll gk|rrh|rl z|l gk|p jffkgp trlgbrl'Z|!lffl trkchl ä gkrl `krtp*

Z|!lffl gk|p jhbl ä ehl|~ l plrshr* Z|l fj mkhl bl `l rltjp pkh j|pph `lffl bl olj|`k|t b!j|rlp cjehfflp p|r fj lrrl* Z|l k|p `l|~ z|h kg olj|`k|t tlgplg ä tjrjalr jsl` `l|~ z|h g!kg tjp jppl}* Afkhrl ä kh& Plhagl|r* Trhîrl jtrîp fl rltjp .Trjxlr jclr eljfp( Plhagl|r& `l rltjp gk|p j cjh b| ohlg= gk|p l bhpkgp elr`h' Tk|r k| `l z|l | gk|p bkgglp tjr flp ejhgp blp nkeelp* gk|p l bhpkgp elr`h' Plhagl|r& z|l fl rlpl bl `ll mk|rgèl



:<

pl bèrk|fl `keel | fl sl|~& bjgp fj tjh~ l fl tjrjal' Afkhrl ä kh& Plhagl|r*

Elr`h ä Bhl| .Rnjgip ol k Akb( Bhl| z|h lp bjgp fl `hlf& ml pjhp z|l | gk|p jhelp' Elr`h* Bhl| z|h lp bjgp |gl olffl f|ehîrl& è`fjhrl ekg ̀ Ő|r b!lgcjg' Elr`h* Bhl| z|h lp rîp okg& cjhp%gk|p p!hf l tfjç |g pk|rhrl' Elr`h* Bhl| z|h sl|~ gkrl okgnl|r& bkggl fj mkhl ä k| fl ekgbl' Elr`h* Blejgbkgp tjrbkg .Ql jpi ckr elr`x( Z|jgb m!jh cjh b| ejf ä z|lfz|!|g& ml pjhp f|h blejgblr tjrbkg' Ml pjhp j|pph blejgblr tjrbkgä Bhl| z|l m!jh tlhgè& `jr hf sl| z|l ml pkhp k|mk|rp /m|pl/ `keel pkg jeh Jorjnje' Gk|p

tk|skgp bhrl= Ekg Bhl|& m!jh tè`nè `kgrl kh l elp crîrlp& ejhp trîp bl kh pl rk|sl fl tjrbkg' J``|lhffl ekg rltlghr l bkggl%ekh fj ckr`l bl shsrl plfkg kg jek|r' Afkhrl ä kh& Plhagl|r*

Trhîrl b| pkhr .Lslghga Trjxlr( Elr`h& Plhagl|r& tk|r ̀ ll okggl mk|rgèl' Skh`h fj g|h z|h shlg* ml l `kgchl ekg rltkp' Elr`h tk|r flp tlrpkgglp z|l m!jh rlg`kgrèlp' Trkîal%flp l trkîal%ekh' Ml l `kgchl ptè`hjflelg ejejg& tjtj&'''



:3

Tjrbkg& Plhagl|r& tk|r elp ejgz|lp b!jek|r= blejhg& jsl` kg jhbl& ml sl|~ ehl|~ cjhrl' Ekg Bhl|& kh z|h lp |ghz|l& rîp okg l rîp ckr& kh z|h g!jrrílp tjp bl tlgplr ä gk|p

jsl` lgbrlppl& ml l bkggl ekg `Ő|r l `lf|h bl k|p `l|~ z|l m!jhel' Okgpkhr& Plhagl|r* Afkhrl ä kh* Tlj`l Trjxlr

Fk|è pkhp%| tk|r k|p flp pthrh|lfp

cr' Aqlgkfè k'c'e'

Z|!hf lp okg bl l rlgbrl arï`l lg `ll nl|rl& Rkh& fl pl|f srjh Bhl|& @rèjl|r& Ejçrl l Tîrl bl k|p flp nkeelp' K|h fk|è pkhp%|& rkhp ckhp Pjhg& tk|r k|p `l|~ z|h& bl tjr fl ekgbl& l `nlr`nlg bjgp fj ègîorlp k| fj `fjrè& bjgp fj pk|ccrjg`l k| fj mkhl& bjgp fl bk|l lg fj `lrh|bl' K|h fk|è pkhp%|& Rrîp Nj| l Rk| T|hppjg

tk|r k|p `l|~ z|h bl tjr fl ekgbl& !hetfkrlg ̀ keel f!\ghz|l& fl @fèelg& fl Ehpèrh`krbhl|~' Fk|è pkhp%|& Plhagl|r bl afkhrl&

tk|r k|p `l|~ z|h& bl tjr fl ekgbl& l `njglg& l oèghpplg l l afkrhchlg& ä k|l nl|rl l bl k|l ejghîrl' Fk|è pkhp%|& Bhl| trk`nl bl k|p `l|~ z|h ²hgskz|lg lg sèrhè& tk|r k|p flp Pthrh|lfp blp letp tjppèp l b| letp trèplg& nkeelp k| cleelp bl k|p tjxp& bl k|lp rj`lp& bl k|lp rlfhahkgp& z|h kg bkggè l bkgglg lg`krl |g plgp ä fj ejr`nl blp nkeelp' Fk|è pkhp%|& Okg l Jbehrjofl Plhagl|r = ̀ jr `ll ejr`nl blp nkeelp sj slrp Rkh z|h& lg `nj`|g b²l|~& jbehrl fl elhffl|r tk|r f‘jhrlr ä Rkh' Fk|è pkhp%| lg`krl& ò Plhagl|r bl lgbrlppl& z|h j `keelg`è ä gk|p rèsèflr kg hghehè b‘jek|r tjr Mèp|p gkrl Crîrl' @!lp Rkh z|l `njglg flp jgalp l z|l `njglg k|p `l|~ z|h gk|p kg trè`èbèp& ̀ jr `²lp Rkh z|l k| nkeel brkh rl`nlr`nl& pjgp k|mk|rp fl pjskhr' Jsl` k|p `l|~ z|h `kggjhpplg lgchg kg shpjal bl tjh~& bl mkhl l bl f|ehîrl 9 jsl` k|p `l|~ z|h p‘hg`fhglg blsjg f‘Jaglj|& l z|h& tjreh k|p flp lptrhp ohlgnl|rl|~ bjgplg bl mkhl j|k|r bl kg j|lf&



:1

BHL\ A_JGB GK\P R²J@@FJEKGP =

Bhl| gk|p l fk|kgp& Plhagl|r gk|p ‘j``fjekgp& bjgp f‘heelgpl `krîal bl k|p flp Pjhgp' Jsl` flp Pjhgp bl k|p flp ïalp& `keel j|jg bl crîrlp jhgèp& lg z|h pjgp rísl pl rètjgblg k|p flp bkgp bl j ̀ njrhè' .rlcr'(

Trjxlrp

Crll Trjxlr ckr Tlj`l

Plhagl|r* Hgpjffl fj tjh~ lgrl gk|p& cjhp rèaglr f!jek|r l fj `kg`krbl bjgp gkp `Ő|rp' A|hbl%gk|p slrp flp `nlehgp bl fj tjh~&Pj|sl%gk|p blp ègîorlp slrp fj f|ehîrl l èfkhagl%gk|p blp |rth|blp& `l z|h lg lp jttjrlg

k| `j`nè' Cjhp bl gk|p blp rl`kggjhppjgp bl lp ohlgcjhp& z|l gk|p flp rl`lshkgp l flp j``lthkgp lJ``krbl%gk|p flp lghîrlelg' Plhagl|r* R| lp fj tjh~& bl kh èejgl fj tjh~9 slrp Rkh lp fj tjh~9Plhagl|r* Cjhp gk|p shsrl bjgp fj tjh~' Bkggl%gk|p j``îp j| tjrjbhp& blel|rl bl fj tjh~' Plhagl|r* Gk|p !hgskz|kgp tjr k|p lp olj|~ jrho|p bl `l z|l gk|p pjskgp tjreh l|~ l `lz|l gk|p hagkrkgp& tk|r z|l R| gk|p tjrbkgglp l R| gk|p cjpplp ehpèrh`krbl' Plhagl|r* Gk|p hetfkrkgp fj ehpèrh`krbl bl Rj tjr& |gl ehpèrh`krbl z|h hff|ehglrj gkp`Ő|rp& z|h gk|p rjppleoflrj j|k|r bl Rkh& z|h gk|p |ghrj& z|h a|hblrj gkp joplgp& z|h`krrhalrj gkp kl|srlp& z|h gk|p a|hblrj slrp fl brkh `nlehg& l z|h gk|p èfkhaglrj blp tè`nèp'



:>

Hglr`lpphkg.Hglrrlfhahk|p Trjxlr Ark|t(.Hglrrlfhahk|p Trjxlr Ark|t(

Gk|p pkeelp blp cleelp l blp nkeelp bl okggl skfkgè& b²jttjrlgjg`lp rlfhahl|plpbhslrplp= `nrèhlgp& e|p|fejgp& ok|bbnhplp& ojnj²hp& l m|hcp ä f²k``jphkg& z|h gk|p

rè|ghppkgp blt|hp z|jrl jgp tk|r trhlr' ± Lrl lgpleofl tk|r trhlr& bjgp fl rlptl` bl fj ptè`hch`hè bl `nj`|g'

± Lrl lgpleofl tk|r gk|p lgrh`nhr bl gkp bhccèrlg`lp'± Tjr`l z|l f²j``ltjhkg l f²jek|r bl f!j|rl bjgp pj tflhgl n|ejghè t|hplg fl|r pk|r`l bjgp fj ckh z|h jghel fl `rkxjg& z|lffl z|l pkh pkg jttjrlgjg`l rlfhahl|pl&± Tjr`l z|l fj ckh rk|sl pj pk|r`l b!lj| shsl bjgp fj trhîrl rlgk|slfèl'

@‘lp fj rjhpkg tk|r fjz|lffl gk|p jskgp pk|njhè írl trèplgp `l pkhr l tjrjalr jsl` sk|pgkrl trhîrl tk|r `ll mk|rgèl bl pkfhbjrhè jsl` fl tl|tfl jfaèrhlg'@l pkhr& Plhagl|r& gk|p rlelkgp tjrh`|fhîrlelg bjgp Rlp ejhgp fl tl|tfl jfaèrhlg' Z|l Rj

`ketjpphkg hglrshlggl9 z|l Rkg Jek|r pk|fjal flp bk|fl|rp l flp oflpp|rlp' Bjgp Rj ejhg&ekg Bhl|& pkg fj T|hppjg`l l fj Ckr`l'Bjgp Rj ejhg& fl tk|skhr bl k| èflslr l bl k| jcclrehr' Fîsl blp nkeelp l blp cleelpbl k|p nkrh}kgp& `jtjoflp bl tkrlr Rj `kg`krbl l Rj tjh~*Z|l fj `ketrènlgphkg& z|l fl bhjfka|l& z|l fj m|ph`l l p|rk| f!Jek|r pj|slg gkp crîrlpjfaèrhlgp bl `ll ètrl|sl'@rèjl|r bl k|p flp nkeelp& Rkh z|h jp& ejhglp ckhp& rètkgb| ä gkp trhîrlp& l~j|`l |gl ckhplg`krl gkrl trhîrl bl `l mk|r tk|r fl tl|tfl jfaèrhlg& tl|tfl ejrxrhpè tjr jg bl shkflg`lpl b²hgm|ph`lp'

Gk|p R‘lg p|ttfhkgp j| gke bl Rj Rk|l T|hppjg`l l bl Rj Ehpèrh`krbl hgchghl'

Trjxlr kc nl _lfhahk|p Crjlrghx hg @jhrk

.ox Alkralp @' Jgjqjh(

Bhl|& `‘lp ä Rkh z|l gk|p gk|p jbrlppkgp& `‘lp Rkh lg z|h gk|p elkgp gkrl `kgchjg`l&`‘lp Rkh bkg gk|p hetfkrkgp fl pl`k|rp l `‘lp Rkh z|l gk|p p|ttfhkgp = bl gk|p j``krblr fjckr`l bl fj ckh lg Rkh& l fj okggl `kgb|hl tjr fj bhrl`hkg bl Rlp Trktnîlp lg Lgskxèp'

L gk|p Rl p|ttfhkgp& ò Bhl|& bl rlgbrl `nj`|g b‘lgrl gk|p chbîfl ä pj `rkxjg`l l ä pjrlfhahkg& pjgp èrkhlppl z|h gk|p cjh kr ä gk|p%eíelp& l pjgp cjgjhpel z|h cjh b| kr ä

gkp ̀ ketjrhklp'

Gk|p R‘hetfkrkgp& gkrl Plhagl|r& bl oèghr gkrl crjlrghè rlfhahl|pl l bl cjhrl z|l fjPk`hèè pkh fl a|hbl z|h gk|p x `kgb|h& fj m|ph`l fl o| z|l gk|p x tk|rp|hskgp& l fj tjh~ fl

ohlg z|l gk|p x rk|skgp& ò Shsjg& ò Llrglf& ò Rkh ä z|h lp fj Afkhrl l f‘Nkggl|r'JELG

Krnkbk~ Trjxlr

@njpl& T|rl& Olahgghgaflpp& Hgshphofl& Hg`ketrlnlgphofl& Hgp`r|jofl& \gjflrjofl&Hgp|tlrjofl& Heeljp|rjofl& Ckroljrhga Fkrb9 nl Kgfx Kgl tkpplpphga heekrjfhx& bqlffhga

hg nl |gjttrkj`njofl fhan9 nl Ejilr kc Nljslg jgb Ljrn jgb Plj jgb kc lslrxnhga



:8

`rljlb hg nle ‣& ‣ Akb nl Arlj jgb Llrgjf Kgl& nl Nkfx jgb nl @njrhjofl& nl Kglqnk njp lgjoflb |p j nhp nk|r k pjgb hg crkg kc Xk|r hgj``lpphofl Afkrx hg krblr k trjhpljgb phga Xk|r qkgblrc|f kglp& njsl elr`x kg |p& Xk|r |gqkrnx plrsjgp'

Trjxlr

K Bhl| bl sèrhèZ|l flp nkeelp bhslrp gkeelg bl bhslrp gkep&Ejhp z|h lp f!\g& \ghz|l l fl Eíel&Z|h lp @lf|h%z|h%lp&Z|h lp lg k| `l z|h lpL bjgp f²|ghkg bl k|p `l|~ z|h p!|ghpplgZ|h lp bjgp fj nj|l|r l bjgp f‘joçel&Bjgp f!hgchgh blp `hl|~ l bjgp f‘keorl b| `Ő|r @keel |gl hgchel plelg`l'

Gk|p l fk|kgp&Plhagl|r& bl `l z|l | gk|p l~j|`lp&T|hpz|l `ll trhîrl lp |g l~j|`lelg9T|hpz|!lg gk|p jbrlppjg lgpleofl ä kh

Gk|p èflskgp gkrl sk|fkhr& gk|p èt|rkgp gkrl bèphr L gk|p gk|p j``krbkgp'

L z|!jskgp%gk|p ä blejgblr lg`krl& ph `lfj lp j``ketfh;K|h& z|l blejgblr phgkg z|l `lfj b|rl& ò Llrglf&

Fl fkga bl gkrl mk|r l gkrl g|h&Phgkg bl ²jhelr jppl} tk|r jhelr k|p `l|~ z|h !jhelgL !hgskz|lg `keel gk|p&Jppl} tk|r jhelr `l|~ z|h l trhlg l l tlgplg j|rlelg&Jppl} tk|r sk|fkhr b| ohlg ä `l|~ z|h gk|p sl|flg b| ejf&Jppl} tk|r sk|fkhr b| ohlg ä `l|~ z|h l rlghlg k| ²hagkrlg&Fl ohlg bl rlslghr ä kh'

Bkggl%gk|p f!hglffhalg`l bl j Fkh& Plhagl|r&Fl rlptl` èelrslhffè l ehpèrh`krbhl|~ bl k| `l z|h sh&

F!jek|r pjgp rlslrp bl njhgl&Fj ckr`l l fj mkhl bl fj tjh~'Jelg

Trjxlr kc Tktl Mkng Tj|f HH .hg Ekrk``k(

'''Ml sk|brjhp lrehglr lg F!hgskz|jg tlrpkgglfflelg blsjg sk|p'K Bhl|& R| lp gkrl @rèjl|r' R| lp okg l j ehpèrh`krbl lp pjgp fhehlp' J Rkh fj fk|jgalbl k|l `rèj|rl' K Bhl|& R| jp bkggè j|~ nkeelp z|l gk|p pkeelp |gl fkh hgèrhl|rl bkggk|p blskgp shsrl' Cjhrl Rj skfkgè& `!lp j``ketfhr gkrl ï`nl' P|hsrl Rlp skhlp& `!lp`kggjçrl fj tjh~ bl f²ïel'

J Rkh& gk|p kccrkgp gkrl koèhppjg`l' A|hbl%gk|p lg k|lp flp bèejr`nlp z|l gk|p



?4

lgrltrlgkgp p|r lrrl' Jccrjg`nhp%gk|p blp tlg`njgp ej|sjhp z|h bèk|rglg gkrl `Ő|r blRj skfkgè' Gl tlrelp tjp z|!lg hgskz|jg Rkg Gke& gk|p slghkgp ä m|phchlr flp bèpkrbrlpn|ejhgp' K Bhl|& R| lp f!\ghz|l' J Rkh sj gkrl jbkrjhkg' Gl tlrelp tjp z|l gk|p gk|pèfkhaghkgp bl Rkh' K Bhl|& m|al bl k|p flp nkeelp& jhbl%gk|p ä cjhrl tjrhl bl lp èf|p j|blrghlr mk|r' K Bhl|& j|l|r bl fj m|ph`l l bl fj tjh~* J``krbl%gk|p fj mkhl sèrhjofl l

f!jek|r j|nlghz|l& jhgph z|!|gl crjlrghè b|rjofl lgrl flp tl|tflp' @keofl%gk|p bl Rlpbkgp ä k| mjejhp'Jelg

Trjxlr

.ox Cjnlr Ej|rh`l Okrrejgp (

_lgbp%gk|p jppl} pleofjoflp ä l|~ tk|r z|l gkrl trhîrl l fj fl|r pl `kgckgblg lg fjRhlggl& tk|r z|l gkrl ekr l fj fl|r trlgglg plgp bjgp fj Rhlggl'

_lgbp%gk|p jppl} pleofjoflp ä Rkh tk|r z|²lg gkrl shpjal hfp bè`k|srlg fl Rhlg& tk|r z|²lggkp tjrkflp hfp `ketrlgglg flp Rhlgglp& tk|r z|²lg gkp alplp hfp blshlgglg flp Rhlgp l tk|r z|²lg gkp shlp chfhjflp hfp jttrlgglg j `kgbhhkg bl Chfp& lg jlgbjg f²Nl|rl kø&rl`kggjhppjg lgchg z|‘hfp pkg chfp jsl` Rkh l jsl` gkep& fj ejghclpjhkg b| Tîrl plrj kjfll bèchghhsl bjgp f²|ghè bl f‘Lptrh'

Ehfflggh|e Trjxlr

Ql jff trjx jp olfhlslrp kc bhcclrlg rlfhahkgp=Fkkihga ojì k nl fjp ehfflggh|e ql jpi Akb jgb lj`n knlr ckr ckrahslglpp'

Ckrahsl |p nj ql njsl gk c|ffx t| hgk trj`h`l nl lj`nhga kc k|r rlfhahkg kg m|ph`l jgb tlj`l& kflrjg`l jgb fksl'Ckrahsl |p nj ql jffkqlb k|r rlfhahkg k ol ehp|plb hg nl prhcl ckr tkfhh`jf& l`kgkeh` jgbehfhjrx tkqlr& nj qjrp njsl ollg jgb jrl ck|an hg nl gjel kc rlfhahkg'Ckrahsl |p nj ql bhb gk rlphp lgk|an hg nl lshfp hg k|r pk`hlhlp fhil nl kttrlpphkg kc ehgkrhhlp& nl bhp`rhehgjhkg kc qkelg& nl l~tfkhjhkg kc nl tkkr jgb nl blpr|`hkg kc gj|rl'Ckrahsl |p pk nj ql ejx pjr nl glq ehfflggh|e qhn j rlglqlb fkgahga ckr r|ln|ejghx'

Trjxlr kc Bja Njeelrpimófb

Fl Xk|r gjel ol njffkqlb ‐ gk ex gjel&Fl Xk|r ihgabke `kel ‐ gk ex ihgabke'Xk|r qhff ol bkgl ‐ gk ex qhff'Ahsl |p k fhsl hg tlj`l qhn Xk|&Qhn n|ejghx jgb qhn k|rplfslp&Jgb blfhslr |p crke cljr'



?:

Trjxlr= L~jetfl

crke nl Chgjf Pjlelg kc nl Okpl .Hjfx( ellhga hg :881 ‗Rnlkfkah`jf _lcfl`hkgp kgHglrrlfhahk|p Trjxlr―& trltjrlb mkhgfx ox Qkrfb @k|g`hf kc @n|r`nlp jgb Tkghch`jf @k|g`hfckr Hglrrlfhahk|p Bhjfka|l=:

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Christians and Muslims: Praying together? Reflections and Texts- Study Paper (April 2003)